Доклад на тему "Halloween"
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Halloween
Halloween is a festival that takes place on October 31st in all English-speaking countries. The children usually wear costumes and masks and go trick-or-treating. Many of them carve Jack-o-lanterns out of pumpkins. Fortunetelling and storytelling about ghosts and witches are popular activities.
Halloween developed from New Year festivals and festivals of the dead men. Ancient celts devided the year into two parts: the summer time and the winter time. They thought that during the winter part the God of the Darkness held the God of the Sun in his dark kingdom. The transition from summer time to winter part was considered the night between the 31st of October and the 1st of November. It was an ancient Celtic festival called Samhain. People believed that during that night the Dark kingdom’s doors opened and the souls of dead people could visit the living men on earth. So the people made fires in their houses, appeased the honored spirits with food and told each other the legends about their forefathers to keep the spirits quiet. Christian church established a festival on November 1st called All Saints Day so that people could continue to celebrate their festivals. The evening before All Saints Day was named All hallows’ Eve or All Hallowe’en.
Later it became traditional to dress up and carry the lighted lanterns. Adults and children dressed in scary costumes and masks and went from house to house asking “trick or treat”. The owners gave them some money and food so that they couldn’t play tricks on them. In other countries, like Germany, people are afraid of ghosts and spirits. They even hide knives and other sharp objects in order not to be hurt by these visitors on Halloween night.
Traditional Halloween symbols are Jack-o-lanterns, bats, black cats, spiders and ghosts. Almost all the maskers carry Jack-o-lanterns with them to frighten evil spirits. Jack-o-lanterns are cut out of pumpkins with a face on one side. Most Jack-o-lanterns contain a candle inside.
An Irish legend says that Jack-o-lanterns are named after the man called Jack. He could not enter the Heaven because he was a sinner, and he couldn’t enter the Hell because he had played jokes on Devil. As a result Jack has to walk on the earth with his lantern until the Judgment Day.
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