Работа содержит информацию о наиболее интересных, с точки зрения авторов, достопримечательностях Среднего Урала и его столицы - города Екатеринбурга, а также данные о результатах опроса школьников по истории, географии родного края.
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zhukova_my_native_land.doc | 87 КБ |
My Native Land
Yekaterinburg is my native town.
Yekaterinburg has got an interesting history. It is the capital of the Urals – one of the biggest and the most important and beautiful parts of our country.
The Ural Mountains are a magnificent museum of geology created by nature: almost all the elements from Mendeleev’s classification table can be found there. Iron ore is looked upon as the principal treasure of this “museum”, leaving behind platinum and gold. The Sverdlovsk region occupies a prominent place on the industrial map of the country. The economic potential of the Middle Urals is very high: there are 740 industrial enterprises and 350 construction organizations here.
But the Urals is famous not only for its industry. There are many beautiful places in our region: more than 15% of all Russia’s forests, clean rivers, 30 thousand lakes, rocks and mountains.
The aim of my project is to learn information about the most interesting and significant places of Yekaterinburg and popular tourist routes in the Urals, and also to find out if young people are interested in history of our city and region. Do they know our Motherland? Do they like travelling? Would they like to get more information at school?
To achieve this aim we have learnt a great amount of information from Internet, books and periodicals and held the investigation – we asked our schoolmates some questions connected with the topic.
The objectives of the work are :
The ancient ridge of the Ural Mountains stretching for two thousand kilometres presents a natural boundary between Europe and Asia, at the same time, a link, a steel seam, tying up the two parts of the world in a single grand Continent of Eurasia. The Ural Mountains, which are also called the Stone Belt, extend for 2500 km from hot Kazakh Steppes to the frozen coast of the Arctic Ocean.
The climate is extreme continental: winters are cold (minus 16-20°C in January), and summers are warm (plus 16-25 °C in July). There are years, though, when it rains in December and snows in June. The weather in the Urals is characteristic more of Asia, rather than of Europe. The town of Ivdel stands in the latitude of St Petersburg, but the weather in January there is two times colder than in the city on the Neva. The region's mountainous landscape is a factor that influences strongly its climate.
The widest part of the Urals comprises dozens of parallel ridges. It is bounded in the North and the South by the valleys of Ufalei and Ural rivers and is called the South Urals. The highest mountains of the South Urals - Yamantau (1640 m) and Bolshoi Iremel (1582 m) - are located in the western row of the ridges.
The Middle Urals presents the most lived-in-part of the Urals. The major transport routes connecting the European Russia and Siberia pass here. The legendary Chusovaya river - the only river in the Urals that crosses the mountain chains from the east to the west - runs its waters in the Middle Urals.
The North Urals extends strictly in the meridional direction up to the latitudinal section of the valley of the Shchuger river. Telposiz (the "Nest of Winds") is the highest mountain (161 7 m).
The highest land of the Stone Belt is the Subarctic Urals.
At the head of the Khulga river, where the Subarctic Urals and the Arctic Urals meet, the range is presented by a narrow chain of mountains which are practically unfrosted and open to all winds. There are more than 30 thousand lakes in the Urals. The most famous of them are Shartash and Baltym lakes not far away from Ekaterinburg and lots of Chelyabinsk lakes known by their beauty.
Investigation
In the course of our research paper we had to find out what our schoolmates know about Ekaterinburg and the Urals, what places they have visited and how they get information about interesting places of our city and region. That’s why we questioned our schoolmates.
QUESTIONNAIRЕ (120 pupils from 8 – 11 forms were asked)
I. What interesting places of Yekaterinburg do you know?
II. If your friend comes to your native town, what interesting places would you like to show him/her first of all (not more than 3)?
III. What do you think are the most interesting and significant sights in the Urals?
IV. How have you learnt about these sights?
1 – newspapers, magazines
2 – TV
3 – Internet
4 – radio
5 – friends, classmates
6 – teachers
7 – parents
8 – others
V. Would you like to learn more information about you native town and region at school?
1 – Yes
2 – No
3 – Don’t know
The results of the questionnaire
How have you learnt about interesting places of Ekaterinburg
and the Urals?
1 – newspapers, magazines 2 – TV-programmes 3 – Internet 4 – radio 5 – friends, classmates 6 – teachers 7 – parents 8 – others (books, video) |
Would you like to learn more information about your native town and region at school?
86% - Yes 8% - No 6% - Don’t know |
According to the results of the questionnaire,
the most wide-known interesting places of Ekaterinburg are:
Circus
Opera House
Vaynera street – Ekaterinburg “Arbat”
Museum of Fine Arts
The Concert Hall “Kosmos”
Church on the Blood
Voznesenskaya Hill
Museum of P.Bazhov
Drama Theater
Variety Theater
The Theater of Young Spectator
The most popular places young people would like to show to their guests are :
Circus
Opera House
Vaynera street – Ekaterinburg “Arbat”
The most famous and loved by our schoolmates sights in the Urals are:
Verkhoturye. Trinity Cathedral
Nevyansk. Leaning Tower
Kungur. The Ice Cave
Ganina Yama
Deers’ Streams
Chyortovo Gorodishe
Also we can say that there are few informative and educational programs about our native town and region, and many pupils would like to get information at school.
Places to visit in Ekaterinburg
Ekaterinburg today is a beautiful city. The present day Ekaterinburg is rich in sights - architectural monuments of Russian classicism of the 18-19th centuries including the estate of Rastorguev - Kharitonov; the Church of Alexander Nevsky, the Church of the of the Ascension and others; the Geological Museum; the Fine Arts Museum which; as also several museums dedicated to writers such as Mamin - Sihiriak and Bazhov. There is also an Opera House, a Musical Comedy theater, Childrens and Puppet theater, as well as a Philarmonic auditorium. Ekaterinburg offers also a wide range of museums, theatres, discos, clubs and restaurants for you to enjoy.
The city has a unique appearance. It seems that history itself is embodied in its streets and avenues, architectural ensembles and sights. More than 600 monuments of history and culture are located in the city, and 43 of them are considered to be top national monuments because of their special significance.
The heart of Ekaterinburg is its dam (Plotinka), that permitted the initial development of the city's industrial base. The dam was erected in 1723 and survived later two reconstructions. At present it is an impressive industrial monument of the 18th century. Unfortunately, very few buildings of the old factory area have been preserved. Now only a few buildings remained: the Museum of History of Architecture of the Urals, and the Nature Museum, both are located in the so-called Historical Public Garden.
In the late 18th and the early 19th centuries a new architectural style (classicism) influenced Ekaterinburg landscapes. The palace on Voznesenskaya Hill, with its luxurious park, is the most famous example of this style. Many churches and chapels made the city's panorama very beautiful and picturesque. In the beginning of the 20th century there were about 50 churches, and of this number only 6 still remain today.
The bird-eye view of Yekaterinburg reveals contrasts in its architecture. One-storeyed houses of old Ekaterinburg stand next to the modern multi-storeyed buildings.
Ekaterinburg is the cultural centre of the Urals. One cannot imagine cultural life without theatre. Though some people can say that theatre has lost a great deal of its attraction, it's not true. There is a big choice of theatres and plays so that different tastes can be catered for. There are 5 state theatres: Opera House, Musical Comedy Theatre, Drama Theatre, the Theatre for Young Spectators and Puppet Theatre, staging both classical and modern plays. In the last few years a number of new theatres has appeared, each with its own style and character: Maliy Drama "Teatron", "Volhonka", the Theatre of Russian Romance, Training Theatre, Variety Theatre and others. Every year the nation's leading companies come on tour to the theatres of the Urals and give spectators an opportunity to see their favourite actors and plays.
Young Urals inhabitants can have a good time at a number of clubs and entertaining centres such as "Carabas", "Eldorado", "Kilimandzharo", "Vodolei", "Planet Malakhit" and others.
The art and local crafts of the Middle Urals present a great interest to the native inhabitants of the region and to the foreign guests of our country. A visit to the Arts Museum, to the Museum of Regional Studies and to the House of Folklore will give you a first-hand acquaintance with the collections of decorative and applied arts. In the Museums of Architecture and people's art in the village of Nizhnyaya Sinyachikha (160 km away from Ekaterinburg) you'll be able to see immensely valuable ethnographical and archeological collections. A trip to the city of Nizhny Tagil will give you an opportunity to see the exposition of the Museum of Tagil Artists (1 7-19th centuries). In Nevyansk you can see collections of local crafts at the Museum of Regional Studies. It's also worth to mention the Museum of Wooden Architecture in Hohlovka village (30 km away from Perm).
Visitors to Ekaterinburg are always warmly welcomed by citizens and can visit a lot of places of interest, such as the Museum of Regional Ethnography, the Geological Museum, the Opera House, the Drama Theatre, the Circus etc.
Our favourite routes
Verkhoturye - A Hub of Religious History
Verkhoturye is town in Sverdlovsk region, Russia, located on the left bank of the Tura River some 306 km north of Yekaterinburg. Verkhoturye was founded in 1598 and granted town status in 1947. Being the oldest Russian settlement east of the Urals, Verkhoturye is considered one of the centres of Russian Christianity. Famous Churches include the Trinity Church (1703—1712), Nickolai Monastery (established in 1604) with Krestovozdvizhensky Cathedral (1905—1913) and Transfiguration Church (1821). In addition, the town houses the oldest female monastery beyond
Verkhoturye is approximately three hundred kilometers away from Ekaterinburg, in the South Ural of Russia. It was founded in the year 1598 and has a present population of almost 7 600 residents. As one of the oldest towns, and the first in the Urals, the town of Verkhoturye was once known as the 'Gate into Siberia'. Established as a junction between Siberia and Central Russia it became a flourishing trade center, bustling with residents and travelers. This of course led to the construction of religious structures and soon the town was home to what was referred to as the Urals' Orthodox shrine.
Nevyansk
During the Soviet times, Nevyansk was a closed city, which prevented archaeologists from properly studying the tower. They have lifted the veil of secrecy only in the early 2000s.
Historians are still debating about the exact purpose of the Nevyansk Tower. Some say that Demidov used it as a "bank safe", others believe it was either a watchtower, or a bell tower, or a prison, or even a laboratory for conducting chemical experiments and producing counterfeit money. Some historians think that the tower was supposed to embody the might of the Demidov family and serve as some sort of an architectural symbol of their dynasty. A safe is a secure lockable box used for securing valuable objects against theft or damage.
To Kungur and Kungur Ice Cave
One of the most frequently attended routes in Perm region is the tour to the merchant's town Kungur with the visit to the Kungur Ice Cave. It is very popular among foreigners, guests and citizens of Perm region. The Kungur Ice Cave is opened all year round, but it is mostly beautiful in February, March. It is at that time that the ice crystals, stalagmites, stalactites reach their maximum growth, though the unusual quaint contours of the stones in form of different animals (a turtle, a wolf, a frog) and amazing by its beauty the underground lakes will not disappoint the tourists in other season. The Kungur Ice Cave — is one of the main tourist attractions in Perm region. Every year it is attended by 80 thousands of people. The Kungur Ice Cave is one of the few caves all over the world that is specially equipped for the tourists — the asphalt paths, rail make your walk in the cave most safe.
Ganina Yama
Ganina Yama is seventeen kilometers from Ekaterinburg. It is a derelict mine. In summer of 1918 the remains of the last Russian tsar's family were buried here. On May 29, 1979 the burial was found by geologists. The monastery dedicated to the Saint Tsar Martyrs was erected here. Seven wooden temples were built on the territory of the monastery. Every of them has special features but they constitute a unite architectural ensemble. Poklonniy Krest is placed in the center of the monastery. There are also a cross which belonged to Romanov dynasty and miraculous icon in the Saint Tsar Martyrs' Temple.
The first monastery church dedicated to the Holy Royal Passionbearers was founded here on October 1, 2000. By now there are seven churches in this area dedicated to the Holy Royal Passionbearers, Derzhavnaia and the Iveron Icons of the Mother of God, St. Nicholas the Wonderworker, St. Seraphim of Sarov, St. Sergius of Radonezh, and Job the Long-Suffering. The monastery hosts pilgrims from all over Russia and from abroad.
Problems of tourism in the Urals
As we have already said our region is very rich in interesting places. But some problems create obstacles to tourism development.
In our opinion, to make our region more attractive for tourists the following
should be done:
Conclusions
The place we live in is rich in sights, and we are proud of our motherland. Our schoolmates enjoy traveling and going on a hike around Ekaterinburg and the Urals.
According to the results of the questionnaire there are few informative and educational programs about our native town and region on TV.
Our schoolmates are interested in history and culture of the Urals and would like to have more lessons about it.
They suggest to make youth organizations and clubs to save the sights, monuments, parks of our city and region and to study our Motherland.
Literature
1. Bukin V., Piskunov V. Sverdlovsk. Mid-Urals Publishing, 1982.
2. Savenko E. The Urals. From Kara Sea to Mugodzhary. Ekaterinburg, Socrat, 2003.
3. Stavrati B. The Urals. Titul, 2007.
4. http:// kungurskay.narod.ru/
5. www.wikipedia.org/wiki/
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