Contents

Part 1. Orthodox temple in Odintsovo through the centuries        

1.2. Basic knowledge about the Orthodox Church        

Orthodox Christianity        

The Role of Church        

Symbolic Meaning of the Orthodox Temple        

1.2. History of Grebnyovskaya church in Odintsovo        

Grebnyovskaya church        

Grebnyovskaya Icon of Mother of God        

A Man’s Life Sanctified in Church        

Part 2. The Orthodox Culture in Odintsovo nowadays        

2.1. Spiritual enlightenment and education in Odintsovo        

Turn to the Orthodox teaching        

Lessons of moral in School N8        

2.2. The Local Orthodox Culture Centre        

Sunday School        

The Church Library        

Youth centre, forum and meetings        

Singing centre, study groups and clubs        

Regional meeting        

Youth Pilgrimage travels        

Summer camp of labour and rest        

Conclusion        

The List of the Literature        

Churches are the only buildings that tell us about our past and promise to come off unhurt in future, bearing the stamp of strength and aspiration for beauty…

The solidity of the house of God, its harmony and shine of crosses speak about the priority of spirit’s needs to practical needs…

Calling voice of its bells is the voice of the other better world…

Sergey Rachinskiy^[1]

1. Introduction

Modern man feels a number of threats and one of the greatest of them is being constantly under stress. In our rapid everyday life we forget the main aims of our existence.

The importance of Church in contemporary world has fallen undeserved. However the church may have an extraordinary powerful effect on person's life.

The influence of the Orthodox Church on the history of Russia can't be overestimated.

The main aim of the project is to acquaint young inhabitants of Odintsovo with the history of the oldest building in the town, tell about its modern meaning and to teach them how to present it to foreign guests.

The theoretical and historical objects of this project are:

• to reveal the peculiarity of the orthodox church;
• to find out the facts why the church is important in the town;
• to learn the basic principles of construction of an orthodox temple and their symbolic meaning;
• to research the history of Grebnyovskaya church;
• to show the importance of the Orthodox Culture Centre in modern life of Odintsovo.

The practical object of this work is to share our treatment to Orthodox church with young people and foreign guests via making a video presentation of the Orthodox Culture Centre and publishing a booklet for educational purposes as an additional source of information in English lessons.

Research on religious background of out ancestors' everyday life has a great educational potential. The researchers can feel the atmosphere of the past and the spiritual links with the previous generations. It’s a good way to understand their purposes of life and to think about our own place on the earth.

2. Part 1. Orthodox temple in Odintsovo through the centuries

1. 1.2. Basic knowledge about the Orthodox Church

1. Orthodox Christianity

Christianity is a monotheistic religion based on the life and oral teachings of Jesus as presented in the New Testament. Christianity is the world's largest religion^[2], with approximately 2.2 billion adherents, known as Christians. Most Christians believe that Jesus is the Son of God, fully divine and fully human, and the saviour of humanity whose coming was prophesied in the Old Testament. Consequently, Christians refer to Jesus as "Christ" or the Messiah.

Worldwide, the three largest groups of Christianity are the Catholic Church, the Eastern Orthodox Church, and the various denominations of Protestantism. The Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox patriarchates split from one another in the schism of the 11th century (a formal break was made in 1054), and Protestantism came into existence during the Reformation of the 16th century, splitting from the Roman Catholic Church.

Catholicism is the largest single Christian denomination in the world. The Roman Catholic Church has had a profound effect on the development of the Western civilization and has been responsible for introducing Christianity in many parts of the world. It regards itself as the only legitimate inheritor of the ministry of Jesus. The Church organization is strictly hierarchical.

Protestant has different branches. The doctrines of the various Protestant denominations vary considerably, but all of them emphasize the supremacy of the Bible.

Based on the numbers of adherents, Orthodoxy is the second largest Christian communion in the world after the Roman Catholic Church. The most common estimates of the number of Orthodox Christians worldwide is approximately 225–300 million. Orthodoxy is the largest single religious faith in Greece (95%) and in Eastern Europe, including Moldova (93%), Georgia (89%), Romania (87%),  Belarus (85%), Serbia (84%), Bulgaria (83%), Cyprus (80%), Ukraine (80%), Russia (75%), Montenegro (74%), and Macedonia (65%)^[3]. It also exist and in the Middle East. (Appendix 1)

The Russian Orthodox church and the Greek Orthodox Church are governed autonomously by the head bishops or patriarchs, who must be unmarried or widowed. Eastern Orthodoxy also is proud of its strong monastic tradition. Eastern Orthodoxy differs from the Roman Catholicism in that it does not accept the primacy of the Pope.

2. The Role of Church

For centuries all Orthodox believers’ life has been sanctified in church: from birth till death.

The years past, political systems and political regimes change, but the temple remains the only place on the earth where truth is loved in word and deed. Church is a place dedicated to God in the world which denies Him, the world which doesn’t know Him. Church is a place where you can come only with feelings worth man and God. If man brings in something unworthy it should be purified, washed with confession and renovation of soul.

Unfortunately nowadays among the Russians 43% of population go to church only on holidays and merely 10% go to church regularly and observe all devotions and rituals. The third part of population (31%) permit the existence of God, but aren’t much interested in church life. 6% of respondents are downright atheists and 8% don’t think about religion.

According to sociological researches people strive after religion because they want to join to national tradition (20%), see moral ideals in belief (19%), seek consolation being in grief and feeling difficulties of life (19%). Sometimes people (10%) believe in supernatural and divine providence. People seldom (3%) connect eagerness to believe in god with ignorance^[4].

There are 10 commandments in our Bible. The Ten Commandments are a set of biblical principles relating to ethics and worship, which play a fundamental role in Christianity. They include instructions to worship only God and to keep the sabbath, and prohibitions against idolatry, blasphemy, murder, theft, dishonesty, and adultery. These commandments help people to improve their life, become kinder to each other, finally to change the world for better. (Appendix 2)

Some western researchers examined the association between religious involvement and spirituality, and physical health, mental health, health-related quality of life. The authors reported that: "Most studies have shown that religious involvement and spirituality are associated with better health outcomes, including greater longevity, coping skills, and health-related quality of life (even during terminal illness) and less anxiety, depression, and suicide."^[5]

3. Symbolic Meaning of the Orthodox Temple

Orthodox architectural style remains largely conservative and traditional. In the Russian language a general-purpose word for "church" is tserkov. When spoken in an exalted sense, the term khram (Храм), "temple", is used to refer to the church building as a Temple of God (Khram Bozhy). The words "church" and "temple", in this case are interchangeable; however, the term “church” is far more common in English. The term "temple" is also commonly applied to larger churches.

The cupola instead of a flat ceiling symbolizes the sky. In Russian churches, cupolas are often topped by onion-shaped domes, where crosses are mounted. These domes are called "heads" (глава) or "poppy heads" (маковица, маковка).

The Russian Orthodox Church permits the use of octagonal and the six-point crosses as well as tetragonal cross. The short upper crossbeam is called “titulus” and represents the plate inscribed “Jesus of Nazareth King of the Jews^[6]”. The bottom sloping crossbeam is the footrest which is higher on Jesus’s right side and lower on His left. The upper side is pointed toward the place where penitent thief was crucified. The lower side is turned to the robber who didn’t repent. Cross in the shape of trefoil is the symbol of the Blessed Trinity. Half-moon under the footrest means the symbolic cup of Christ’s blood. The crescent-like shape resembles an anchor, which symbolizes hope for salvation.

The altar (sanctuary) is situated in the eastern part of the church, regardless of its shape. A bell tower (belfry) is attached to (or built separately by) the western part of the church.

The church building has many symbolic meanings; perhaps the oldest and most prominent is the concept that the Church is the Ark of Salvation (as in Noah's Ark) in which the world is saved from the flood of temptations. Because of this, most Orthodox Churches are rectangular in design. (Appendix 3)

The Church building is divided into three main parts: the sanctuary^[7] (also called the altar), the nave^[8] (the temple proper) and the narthex^[9] (vestibule).

The Orthodox sanctuarity is the holy place so none may enter the altar without a blessing from the priest or bishop. The altar is always faced to the east where the sun rises as the Christians glorify Christ as the Sun of Orthodoxy and worship His coming as appearing of true light. In the centre of the altar there is the altar table, which is more often called the holy table^[10] where the most important sacrament is performed – Eucharist.

The iconostasis is a screen or wall between the nave and the sanctuary, which is covered with icons. There will normally be three doors, one in the middle and one on either side. The central one is traditionally called the Beautiful Gate and is only used by the clergy. The doors on either side are called the Deacons' Doors or Angel Doors as they often have depicted on them the Archangels Michael and Gabriel. These doors are used by deacons and servers to enter the sanctuary.

Typically, to the right of the Beautiful Gate (as viewed from the nave) is the icon of Christ, then the icon of St John the Baptist; to the left the icon of the Mother of God, always shown holding Christ; and then the icon of the saint to whom the church is dedicated (the patron). There are often other icons on the iconostasis but these vary from church to church. (Appendix 4)

The nave is the main body of the church intended for prayers. The walls are normally covered from floor to ceiling with icons or wall paintings of saints, their lives, and stories from the Bible.

The major difference of traditional Orthodox churches from Western churches is the absence of any benches in the nave. In some ethnic traditions of Orthodoxy, it was deemed disrespectful to sit during sermons so the people stand during the services. Orthodox divine service is done by all the faithful people that’s why it is called liturgy (which means “common cause” in Greek).

The narthex is the connection between the Church and the outside world. For this reason in monastic churches it is usual for the lay people visiting the monastery to stand in the narthex while the monks or nuns stand in the nave^[11].

2. 1.2. History of Grebnyovskaya church in Odintsovo

1. Grebnyovskaya church

One of the most beautiful buildings of our town is at the same time the oldest one. It is Grebnyovskaya church. It is two hundred years old. (Appendix 5)

The temple was built in two steps with the difference of hundred years. The oldest part of the church –dome-shaped rotunda was laid in 1797.

In 1896 it was enlarged: the meal and tower appeared. In 2001 when the underground sacristy was being built, the foundation-stone letter was seen at the entrance of the church.

We have another document in which Zubova (Appendix 6) asked bishop, the member of synod, to give her a permission to build the new stone church instead of wooden old Artemonov church.

Elizaveta Vasilyevna Zubova named the exact date - the 24th of June in 1797, marked the alter - in the name of Grebnyov Mother of God, she confirmed her own financing, named her title and the name of emperor Pavel I.

On the 22nd of November in 1801 the stone church was sanctified by archimandrite Pheophan. In 1896 the parishioners asked the metropolitan Sergei to widen the church. By October of 1899 the building works had been finished. By 1917 there were two villages Akishevo and Mamonovo with 218 houses, 531 men and 557 women.

According to the decree of 1918 “About the separation of the church from the state and school”, the church was deprived all its property.

In 1930 the mass persecutions, profanations, destructions of temples and monasteries, the repressions against believers and clergy had began. The parish of Grebnyouv church had exited for 137 years. Soon the church was closed for many years and was ransacked. (Appendix 7)

At the beginning of the Great Patriotic War Odintsovo was situated at the front-line. Grebnyovsk church was shelled, and it remained standing. But the fate of the church was sad.

Enemies couldn’t destroy the church but our people had done it.

The church was used for the economic purposes.

At first the church was re-equipped: the crosses were taken off, the domes were destroyed, the church fence was broken, the bells were thrown down and the church had become silent. The church was used as the bath-house for soldiers, storehouse, hostel and various offices.

In 1989 it was said that the church would be used as the concert hall. The orthodox believers were very revolted. They began to collect signatures in order to turn over the church to the community.

Their request was satisfied. In March 1991 the church was turned over to the community of Grebnyov church.

The name of the first priest was Igor Borisov.

2. Grebnyovskaya Icon of Mother of God

One of the most important things in the temple is the icon. The church and the orthodox temple can't exist without it. In ancient art of all European countries the image of Mother of God has always been especially honoured. In Russia Mother of God with Jesus in her lap is considered to be the patron and the protector of the native land. The Orthodox iconic tradition includes about 600 different images of Mother of God. But all of them take roots from four main iconic types.

Odintsovo is situated on the old Smolensk high road. It connects Moscow with western countries from where armies of conquerors have been threatening our country for several centuries. That's why this road has always been under Mother's of God protection. The beginning of the road is guarded by Smolenskaya Mother of God in Smolensk and the end of the road is guarded by Grebnyovskaya icon. (Appendix 8)

The appearance of Grebnyovskaya icon is connected with the great event of Russian history - Kulikov battle and with the name of Dmitriy Donskoy. When he was returning after the battle from the banks of the Don, the people of the town Grebnya presented him the Mother of God icon which was famous for its miraculous power. Donskoy was very grateful and ordered to place the icon in the Cathedral of Assumption in the Moscow Kremlin, where it had been for about a hundred of years.

In 1471 Dmitrie Donskoy’s grandson prince Ivan Vasilyevich the 3rd took that icon with him, when he was fighting against Novgorod. The prince won the victory in 1472 and in commemoration of this event he built a church in Lubyanskaya square where he placed the icon.

In 1612 Russian prince’s armed force, having Grebnyovskaya icon with them, repelled the Polish attacks and freed themselves from Polish enemies.

Before the revolution in 1917 Grebnyovskaya icon was in Assumption church in Lubyanka. But then church was destroyed, we don’t know about the further fate of that icon.

Many copies were made in that time. One of those copies is exhibited in the State Tretyakov Gallery now.

3. A Man’s Life Sanctified in Church

In ancient times people who pleased God and were excused by Him were traditionally buried near the church. Thanks to their prayers we live and work and so have hope for repentance and salvation.

The church grave-yard had grown near Grebnyovskaya church for 200 years of existence, but it was destroyed during hard time.  Only 3 grave-stones and the monument of black stone have escaped distractions.The names under the existing grave-stones are Alexander Antonovich Resinen (1834 – 1901), Nikolay Georgievich Kreizman (1893 – 1919). There are about 30 names in the funeral list. We don’t know the biographies of all buried people except Nikolay Patrikeev. (Appendix 9)

Nikolay Patrikeev was born in a peasant family in Vladimir province. Being young he bought sour cream and cottage cheese from the countrymen and carried them to Ivanovo. For his remarkable practical mind Nikolay  soon was noticed by Savva Morozov, who gave him money to buy the land in Odintsovo. He became the owner of a factory and built a house on the place where the modern trade centre “Dubrava” is situated. Patrikeev was one of those people who helped to build the belfry, two buildings and a refectory near the church rotunda. He died because of diabetes when he was only 52. Savva Morozov came to his funeral^[12].

3. Part 2. The Orthodox Culture in Odintsovo nowadays

1. 2.1. Spiritual enlightenment and education in Odintsovo

"Education without regard to religious truths is meaningless"

K. Ushinsky

4. Turn to the Orthodox teaching

Agreement on cooperation Odintsovo Deanery, Odintsovo District Administration and the Office of Education joined forces to supply the younger generation. The Coordinating Council and the Office of Education were created by the initiative of decorum. The next step was to organize training courses for teachers and educators. 150 teachers have graduated these courses. By the initiative of decorum in the area scientific and practical conferences were carried out on the following topics:

• “The spiritual and moral education of schoolchildren, "April 2002
• “Scientific knowledge and the fundamentals of Orthodox culture", April 2003
• “The spiritual and moral education of schoolchildren in the light of local traditions," May 2004.

These first meetings of teachers from the community with the custodians of the spiritual culture of schools helped to turn to the Orthodox teaching.

Regular regional Christmas reading strengthen the spiritual enlightenment. The clergy and the education community, paving the way for discussions and exchange of experience are held in the conference-hall of the deanery. The possibility to hold an annual exhibition-contest of children's drawings and art and crafts "Easter light and joy" in the church has been opened.

Another holiday which brought together religious and secular institutions is the Day of Slavic writing culture. Pupils of the Sunday school sing the Troparion Slavic educators in the assembly halls of municipal institutions. Saints Cyril and Methodius are now celebrated not only in church, but also at school.

The agreement on cooperation in the study of the Orthodox culture was signed between Grebnevskaya church and school number 8. The elective course "Fundamentals of Orthodox Culture" was opened as a part of this contract. Primary schools for children from Orthodox families were opened on the basis of secondary school №8. Classes are held at the Orthodox social-cultural center.

In our days, the Education Act allows to study religious subjects at public schools. Based on this document, Odintsovo Deanery signed a contract with the Office of Educational Cooperation in January 2003. The priesthood was to revive the national tradition of education.

5. Lessons of moral in School N8

Grebnyovskaya church has a special creative relation with a neighboring school №8. Here lessons of moral were set up by parents' willing, and since 2002 - elective and orthodox culture clubs had been set up. The school of the orthodox culture was opened too.

The church`s participation favorably affected pupils` spiritual and moral education. It was noted by parents. They wrote a letter to the mayor of Odintsovo, Gladishev A. G., archimandrite Nestor and school administration asking to open orthodox classes for  children. The mayor treated this request with understanding and instructed the Management of Education to open an experimental class with an ethno cultural (Russian) component. According to the Management of Education order №1028 (the 5th of September, 2006) “Carrying out the experimental work in the municipal educational system of the Odintsovo area in 2006-2007” school charter was supplemented with the position of the classes with the orthodox component, educatiional program and individual plan were written.

The deanery of Odintsovo provided a place for the lessons in the Orthodox socio-cultural centre. The headmaster of the Sunday school Fr. Nicolay (Komarov) took part in the classes formation.

That is how the first school was created, where the teaching experience and the divine truth merged together.

Children grow up and become stronger in the faith behind the church railing. Classes pass as follows: the first part of the day is devoted to the general educating disciplines under the guidance of the teachers. After having lunch and walking the children are engaged in Sunday school`s circles: drawing, fancywork, ceramics, planting flowers, choir. The children learn the basics of the orthodox culture and the Act of God. On the second year of education the children study the Old Church language. With the pupils of the children’s home “Blessing” they play folk games, celebrate holidays of Church calendar, such as  Easter, t Christmas, Teacher`s day, prepare and act plays in the hall. They travel to the Tritiny-Sergius Lavra, Savvino-Storozhevsky monastery, they spend holidays in the Orthodox Summer camp in Odintsovo.

2. 2.2. The Local Orthodox Culture Centre

1. Sunday School

People come to the newly opened church and bring their children, who would bring up Christians. Traditional family upbringing had been lost and the young parents hoped to find support and knowledge in the Church. So there was a need to work with children from preschool age. The foundation of studies was based on the principles of parenting, because the formation of the world mainly occurred in the family. Obviously, the usefulness of the educational process depends on the consistency of educational efforts.

The great experience working with parents has been accumulated:

• - Classes for fathers, mothers, grandfathers and grandmothers;
• - Active participation of parents in the classroom;
• - Play in the overall activity of children and adults around;
• - Playing fairy tales with their mothers , prepared on the instructions of the teacher;
• - Weekly "little parental advice" on which the teacher explains to parents the homework and the possibility of "living" at home;
• - Providing scientific,  theology, historical literature;
• - Joint trips, pilgrimages and excursions;
• - To engage and encourage families to home communication (children's parties, birthday, etc.).

1. The Church Library

Book treasures include more than 4.5 thousand units. There are Orthodox books and art albums.

Books were collected by donations of parishioners, the city administration, by means of decorum. Rector of the church has presented a multi-volume "History of Orthodox Church."

2. Youth centre, forum and meetings

The youth centre has been working since 2000. The aim of this centre is – to take part in the divine services, to render help in the life of the parish and to organize useful leisure- time. There many young people who arrange weekly meetings for children. The meetings are held by and for youth ages 12-35, and are typically lead by the local church’s youth leader. Everyone participates at the regular meetings and takes part in speaking, testifying, songs and prayer. These meetings  generally have pertinent topics that young people are interested in. Youth meetings are usually held at regional and international conferences. Orthodox Internet Site was opened in 2007. Its address is www.odinblag.ru/ There are various materials which help to answer any questions. The users may ask and get answers to any questions. There is also youth press- centre and correspondents prepare materials for “Blagovest” newspaper.

3. Singing centre, study groups and clubs

Singing centre was set up in November 2006. The main aim of the centre is to support and coordinate the work of church choirs to teach future singers, to ensure the continuity of choir groups.

There is singing education for 6 year students, Junior choir, for the 12 up18 students; Senior choir for 18-26 year students.

There are also men and women choirs and vocal- instrumental ensemble.

The Youth choir of Grebnyovskaya church takes part in various festivals.

There are 20 study groups in the Centre, which have 3 directions: sport, musical and aesthetic. Students who attend these study groups have the opportunity to make friends with the believers.

4. Regional meeting

Such kinds of meetings have been organized since 2001 and unite more 200 young men from Bogorodskie, Podolskie and Odintsovskie deans. Sport competitions, theatrical performances, song and dance competitions are organized there. The winners are awarded with presents. The meetings are ended with the fire and fireworks.

5. Youth Pilgrimage travels

The youth of the church often go on pilgrimage travels to foreign countries. They have already been to Greece, Cyprus and other countries.

6. Summer camp of labour and rest

During the holidays summer camp of work and rest has been organized by the church. In 2006 the camp was situated on the territory of Kolotskie women monastery in the village of Kolotsy.  More than 70 people had a rest there.

Conclusion

For many years the church has been undergone the persecution. Now we are living in the epoch of revival and it is very important for all of us to keep these believes in our souls. This report was written with hope to renovate the religious contents of the secondary education. Young people extremely need guidance connected with basic knowledge of history and principles of the Orthodox church.

To reveal the peculiarity of the Orthodox church we compared it with other Christian religions. The theme turned to be rather broad so we restricted it to historical and geographical reference.

Then we found out the results of sociological researches about people’s opinion of the Orthodoxy influence on their life. It turned to be quite favourable in social and medical aspects. In our opinion the main aim of the church is to help people improve their lives and change the world for better.

The main sense of Orthodox Christianity can be read through the understanding the basic principles of construction of an orthodox temple. The symbolic meaning of its architecture helped to understand the mission of church nowadays. It’s a very important source of our souls’ power and our hearts’ mercy.

The history of Grebnyovskaya church and Mother of God icon is the link of our existence to the history of our country. Learning the history of native land is a way to realize sense of our life

We visited the Grebnyovskaya church to find out what activities are available for young people. The Christian community has much more power than a singular man. Some new and unexpected quality appears. Human finiteness and narrow-mindedness is filled with eternal and endless God’s power and love. In the language of Orthodox thought it is called miracle of church “sobornost”. In this aspect we tried to show the importance of the Orthodox Culture Centre in modern life of Odintsovo.

The practical object of this work was to share our treatment to the Orthodox church with young people and foreign guests. That’s why we made a video presentation of the Orthodox Culture Centre in Odintsovo. A booklet for educational purposes as an additional source of information in English lessons is to be published.

Unfortunately we didn’t manage to present all found information in this report: there more historical facts connected with Grebnevskaya church and the miracles of Mother of God icon. We think these data and the desire to share it will inspire us for continuing researches and publish a book on history of our native land for use in English classes in Odintsovo.

God bless you!

4. The List of the Literature

1. Бантыш-Каменский. Словарь достопамятных людей. М., 1836. Т. 2.
2. Благовест. Газета Одинцовского благочиния. 1995-2006.
3. Веселовский С.Б. Подмосковье в древности. М., 2002.
4. История сёл и деревень Подмосковья. Выпуск 3, М., 1993.
5. Карамзин Н.М. История государства Российского т.т.1-4, Олма-Пресс, 2003.
6. Кураев А.В. Основы православной культуры. 4-5 класс: учеб. для общеобразов. учрежд. – М.: Просвещение, 2013.
7. Одинцовская земля. - М., Энциклопедия российских деревень, 1994.
8. Под покровом Божией Матери (История Гребнёвского храма в городе Одинцово) Авторы-составители: иеромонах Игнатий (Базанов), Ильина В.В. – Одинцово, 2008.
9. Снегина Н.Г. Подмосковье на Запад от Москвы, М., 1998.
10. Энциклопедия для детей. Т.6. Ч.2. Религии мира. – М. Аванта +, 2000.

Интернет-источники:

11. Материалы сайта  http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki
12. Религия в нашей жизни. Всероссийский центр изучения общественного мнения (ВЦИОМ) Пресс-релиз – М., 11 октября 2007 г. (http://web.archive.org)
13. Сайт Московской Епархии Русской Православной Церкви (http://www.mepar.ru/eparhy/temples/?temple=501)
14. Сайт Одинцовского Благочиния Московской епархии (http://www.odinblag.ru)
15. Народный каталог православной архитектуры (http://sobory.ru/article/ index.html?object=02818)
16. Информационный интернет-портал Одинцовского района (http://www.odintsovo.info/photo/show2.asp?id=44170)

Appendix 1. Prevailing Religions in the world

Appendix 2. 10 commandments

Appendix 3. Plan of Grebnyovskaya church

Appendix 4. The Interior of the Orthodox Temple

Appendix 5. Grebnyovskaya Church

Appendix 6.  Elizaveta Vasilyevna Zubova

Appendix 7. Grebnyovskaya Church in Hard times

Appendix 8. Grebnyovskaya Mother of God Icon

Appendix 9. Nikolay Patrikeev’s Grave