Modal verbs
презентация к уроку по английскому языку (6, 7 класс)

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What is a Modal Verb ? A modal verb is a helping (auxiliary - вспомогательный ) verb that express es a speaker’s attitude (отношение) and the strength of that attitude .

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A term t o remember * Модальность - семантическая категория, выражающая отношение говорящего к содержанию его высказывания.

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How to use in a sentence? The modal verb must be used in a verb phrase . A verb phrase is more than one verb used together to express an action. Modal verbs are always paired with at least one other verb . They have the same forms in all persons. Most modal verbs cannot be used in past/future tenses .

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Ability ( способность ) – can / be able to / can’t Possibility ( возможность ) – can / can’t Permission ( разрешение ) – can / can’t/ Can…? Could…? Obligation ( долженствование ) – must Prohibition ( запрет ) – mustn’t Advice ( совет ) – should / ought to / shouldn’t / oughtn’t to

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Functions (Функции) Meaning ( Значение ) be able to – мочь, уметь, быть в состоянии. not be able to – не уметь, не быть в состоянии. Ability - can Present Past Future can V 1 am/is/are able to V 1 could V 1 will be able to V 1

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Examples He is able to speak three languages . – П рочти предложение. He is able to speak three languages . – Найди модальный эквивалент. He is able to speak three languages . – Вычеркни его слова. He can speak three languages . – Замени соответствующим модал . гл. They aren’t able to ran very fast. They aren’t able to run very fast. They aren’t able to run very fast. He can’t run very fast.

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Functions. Possibility - can Meaning It’s possible – Возможно. Example It’s possible that snakes are dangerous. It’s possible that snakes are dangerous. Snakes can be dangerous. Замени инфинитивом. Замени соответствующим модал . гл. и поставь после подлежащего.

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Functions. Permission - can Meaning be allowed to – можно, разрешено. You are allowed to camp here. You can camp here. Meaning be not allowed to – нельзя, не разрешено. You aren’t allowed to camp here. You can’t camp here.

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Functions. Asking for permission Can …? (informal) Could …? (formal) Meaning Is it OK to…? – Можно …? Is it OK to use your insect repellent? Can/Could I use your insect repellent? * Добавь подлежащее.

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Functions. Obligation - must Meaning It’s a rule to… – Это правил o… Должен, обязан. It’s a rule to stay on the path. You must stay on the path. Добавь подлежащее.

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Functions. Prohibition – mustn’t Meaning It’s not allowed to… It’s forbidden to… It’s prohibited to… It’s forbidden to fish in the area. You mustn’t fish in the area. Запрещено. Добавь подлежащее.

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Semi-modal verb have to / has to Function : obligation Meaning It’s necessary to… - необходимо, нужно. It’s necessary to follow the rules of the camp. You have to follow the rules of the camp. * ОБЯЗАТЕЛЬНО согласуй подлежащее со сказуемым! Добавь подлежащее.

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Semi-modal verb don’t / doesn’t have to Function : absence of necessity Meaning It’s not necessary to… - нет необходимости. It’s not necessary to sleep in a tent at night. You don’t have to sleep in a tent at night. He doesn’t have to sleep in a tent at night. Добавь подлежащее. Не забудь согласовать подлежащее со сказуемым правильно!

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Functions. Advice – should/ought to Meaning It’s a good idea to… - следует. It’s a good idea to check the forecast before going to the countryside. You should check the forecast before going to the countryside. Добавь подлежащее.

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Learn by heart ( выучить наизусть ) It’s (not) allowed to... – ( не ) разрешено Be able / not to be able to… - уметь, мочь, быть способным; It’s (not) possible... – (не) возможно Is it OK to…? – Можно…? It’s not allowed to… - не разрешено, нельзя It’s forbidden to… - запрещено It’s prohibited to… - запрещено It’s (not) necessary to… - (не)обязательно It’s (not) a good idea to … - (не) хорошая идея

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Further practice

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Further practice

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Further practice

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Further practice

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Further practice

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Further practice

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Summary: What is a modal verb? Define modal verb: the definition of modal verb is a specific kind of helping verb used to express attitude . In summary, a modal verb: is a helping verb; must be used with a main verb; is always a part of a verb phrase; can be made negative; does not change forms for different subjects ( подлежащих ).