Эссе на английском языке

Эссе на английском языке ученицы 9 класса, Полынкиной Полины,

для регионального конкурса «Английский в моей жизни»

The Tula Kremlin is one of the oldest structures in Tula. During its long history, it has experienced many things - sieges, wars, and destruction. At present, the Kremlin's restoration continues. But already now it is in order and it is a pleasure to walk around it. The Kremlin's walls and towers were restored, the original look of the Assumption Cathedral was returned, and the bell tower was restored. A park was laid out inside, benches are standing.

Tula is one of the oldest cities in Russia. It was first mentioned in the Nikonov Chronicle of the XVI century under 1146:

From the record, we can see that Tula already existed at that time. However, when exactly it was founded, it is hard to say.

Genetically, Tula was associated with the Ryazan principality. Most likely, the Ryazan appanage princes set up a stockaded town here to collect tribute from the dyatichi. The importance of Tula was determined by its geographical location - on the southern edge of the state. From the south was threatened by raids of Crimean Tatars, to the west, in the upper Oka, passed the border of Lithuania.

In 1503, during the reign of John III Vasilyevich Tula was annexed to the Moscow kingdom. From that time it became the center of the Serial Line. By order of Vasily III in 1507 on the left bank of the Upa is laid oak fortress in the form of an elongated semicircle. Two years later the construction of the fortress was completed. In 1514, inside it began building a stone fortress, "hail stone". Construction was completed in 1520 or 1521.

Looking at the walls of the Tula Kremlin, crowned with "swallowtails", the Kremlin is remembered Moscow. Yes, you are not mistaken - and here, probably, the Italians had their hand. As with many other Kremlins of the Russian land - very much loved these elegant finishes, decorated in the Middle Ages Italian palazzo and towers.

In terms of the Tula Kremlin has the shape of an almost correct rectangle. The total length of its walls is 1066.5 meters. The Kremlin walls stand on a powerful foundation, deepened by 8.5 meters into the ground, which rests on oak stilts - beds. At present, the height of the walls reaches 10 meters, and in the past it was higher. The thickness of the walls ranges from 2.8 meters in the south and west sections to 3.2 meters in the north and east.

In the basement part of the walls are expanded and lined with white stone slabs of local limestone. Next comes the brickwork, which ends with two-horned teeth - "swallowtails". Between the inclined basement and brick walls, a belt of constricted to a semicircle stone roll goes from the outside, which encircles Kremlin walls and towers along the entire perimeter. Slit "sole combat loopholes", designed for firing from foodstuffs, are cut through in the basement.

Тула, 2019