Методическая копилка

Департамент образования и науки Тюменской области

Государственное автономное профессиональное

образовательное учреждение

Тюменской области «Тюменский медицинский колледж»

(ГАПОУ ТО «Тюменский медицинский колледж»)

ВТОРУШИНА ЮЛИЯ АЛЕКСАНДРОВНА

ОГСЭ. 03 ИНОСТРАННЫЙ ЯЗЫК (АНГЛИЙСКИЙ)

РАБОЧАЯ ТЕТРАДЬ №1

к учебному пособию

для обучающихся очной формы обучения специальности:

34.02.01 «Сестринское дело»

Тюмень, 2021

        Вторушина Ю.А. Рабочая тетрадь №1 к учебному пособию для студентов 1 курса очной формы обучения специальности 34.02.01 «Сестринское дело» по темам: «Глагол to be/to have», «Порядок слов в английском предложении», «Конструкции It, There is/are», «Настоящее простое время (Present Simple Tense)», «Прошедшее простое время (Past Simple Tense)», «Будущее простое время (Future Simple Tense)», Тюмень,2021. – 30 с.

Рецензенты: Айзятова Г.Г., преподаватель ГАПОУ ТО «Тюменский колледж транспортных технологий и сервиса».

Виношкина Т.В., преподаватель ГАПОУ ТО «Тюменский медицинский колледж».

Рабочая тетрадь предназначена для обучающихся 1 курса очной формы обучения специальности 34.02.01 «Сестринское дело». Она содержит практический лексико-грамматический материал по учебной дисциплине в полном соответствии с рабочей программой. Рабочая тетрадь включает в себя лексико-грамматические упражнения, вопросы для самоконтроля и итоговые задания для самоконтроля.

Пояснительная записка

Данная рабочая тетрадь предназначена для студентов первого курса медицинского колледжа специальности «Сестринское дело».

Основной целью рабочей тетради, в соответствии с новыми государственными образовательными стандартами и действующей рабочей программой по дисциплине, является формирование иноязычной коммуникативной компетенции специалиста-медика, позволяющей использовать иностранный язык как средство профессионального и межличностного общения.

Структура и содержание рабочей тетради ориентированы на совершенствование лексико-грамматических навыков студентов.

Данная рабочая тетрадь разработана на основе учебного пособия, структурной единицей которой является грамматическая тема, состоящая:

- из тренировочных упражнений;

- контрольных вопросов;

-заданий для самоконтроля.

Настоящая рабочая тетрадь предназначена для обучения английскому языку студентов как под руководством преподавателя, так и для самостоятельной работы.

Инструкция по выполнению практических заданий:

1. Повторите грамматический и лексический материал;

2. Прочитайте задание и выполните в устно или письменно (согласно инструкции задания);

3. Ответьте на контрольные вопросы;

4. Выполните итоговый тест.

Критерии оценивания:

-грамматические упражнения:

Оценка «5» - при выполнении задания ошибки не допущены

Оценка «4» - при выполнении задания допущены 1-2 ошибки

Оценка «3» - при выполнении задания допущены 3-4 ошибки

Оценка «2» - при выполнении задания допущено 5 и более ошибок

-лексико-грамматический тест:

Оценка «5» - от 91-100% правильных ответов

Оценка «4» - от 70-90% правильных ответов

Оценка «3» - от 50-60% правильных ответов

Оценка «2» - менее 50% правильных ответов

Содержание

1. Глагол to be/to have                                                                      с. 6
2. Порядок слов в английском предложении                                                   с. 10
3. Конструкции It, There is/are                                                                             с. 12
4. Настоящее простое время (Present Simple Tense)                                        с. 15
5. Прошедшее простое время (Past Simple Tense)                                            с. 18
6. Будущее простое время (Future Simple Tense)                                              с. 22
7. Итоговые задания для самоконтроля                                                             с. 23

1.        Глагол to be/to have

1. Повторите правила спряжения глаголов to be/to have в английском языке (см. УЧЕБНОЕ ПОСОБИЕ для обучающихся очной формы обучения специальности: 34.02.01 «Сестринское дело» стр. 16, стр. 22)

2. Выполните тренировочные упражнения.

3. Ответьте на контрольные вопросы.

4. Выполните письменно задания для самоконтроля.

Тренировочные упражнения

Упражнение 1. Дополните предложения формами глагола to be во времени Present Simple:

1. Who ...................... you? What ...................... your name? Where ...................... you from? How old ...................... you? 2. I ...................... Maria. I ...................... twenty. I ...................... a student. 3. — Where ...................... your parents? — They ...................... at work now. My father ................... a doctor, and my mother .................. a nurse. 4. This ...................... my friend, Nikita. He ...................... a doctor. All his friends .................. doctors too. 5. — I ...................... happy. My life .................. great. .................. you happy? ................... everything all right? — Yes, thank you, I ................... fine. There .................... no problems. 6. There ...................... two birds in the cage. 7. There ...................... a big bright star in the sky. 8. He ...................... a photographer. 9. ................... they your classmates? 10. There .................... many channels on our television. 11. There ...................... two computers in the office, but there ...................... only one printer. 12. — It .................... Olga’s file. — Yes, that .................... right. 13. Denis .................... my workmate. 14. I ................... sorry, very sorry. 15. — .................. you from this office? — Yes, I .................. . 16. The facts ................... clear. 17. — You .................. always on my mind! — Oh, ...................I? 18. This telephone number ...................... out of service. Call back later.

Упражнение 2. Дополните предложения формами глагола to be во времени Present Simple:

1. Apples ...................... useful. 2. My brother ...................... a pessimist, and I ...................... an optimist. 3. She ...................... a girl of my dreams. 4. The boss ...................... out at the moment. 5. It ...................... an important meeting. 6. These ...................... very good schools. 7. I ...................... rather shy, but my friends ...................... very brave. 8. It ...................... a fine day today. 9. They ...................... our relatives. 10. She ...................... a young woman. 11. These ...................... fast trains. 12. It ...................... an interesting fact. 13. They ...................... famous detectives. 14. Your English ...................... not bad. 15. It ...................... a modern building.

16. He ...................... not well today. 17. They ...................... not at home now. 18. It ...................... a clever step. 19. We ...................... from London. 20. ...................... I right? — Yes, you ...................... right as usual.

Упражнение 3. Дополните предложения формами глагола to be во времени Past Simple:

1. I…. happy yesterday morning.  2.My brother……. sick two days ago. 3.They……. at the cinema yesterday. 4. He……at school an hour ago. 5. Kate .........at the children’s camp last month. 6. Mike and Peter ………… at the party last night. 7.I …….. tired last night. 8. He ……… in the garden five minutes ago. 9. Children ………….very friendly yesterday. 10. It … very cold yesterday morning. 11. We…….. busy last week. 12. Peter ……. at the supermarket an hour ago. 13.I …..in London last summer. 14.He ……in his bed ten minutes ago. 15.We…………at the zoo last week. 16. The weather …….good yesterday. 17.My bike ….. dirty two days ago. 18. She … a student three years ago.

Упражнение 4. Дополните предложения формами глагола to be во временах Present Simple, Past Simple, Future Simple:

1. The students … in the Russian Museum yesterday. 2. Last month they…….  in the Hermitage. There ……. an interesting exhibition there. 3. In two weeks they …… in the Tretyakov Gallery. They lucky. 4. My father ….. a teacher. 5. He ….. a pupil twenty years ago. 6. I … a doctor when I grow up. 7. My sister…….  not  at home tomorrow. 8. She ……. at college tomorrow. 9.  …..you … at home tomorrow? 10. …… your father at work yesterday? 11. My sister…….  ill last week. 12. She…  not ill now. 13. Yesterday we … at the theatre. 14. Where …your mother now? — She … in the kitchen. 15. Where…  you yesterday? — I ……. at the cinema. 16. When I come home tomorrow, all my family……  at home. 17. ……. your little sister in bed now? — Yes, she ……. 18. When my granny……  young, she … an actress. 19. My friend…..  in Moscow now. 20. He … in St. Petersburg tomorrow.

Упражнение 5. Переведите предложения используя глагол to be во временах Present Simple, Past Simple, Future Simple:

1. Вчера они были в библиотеке. 2. Сейчас они в колледже. 3. Завтра они будут в театре. 4. В данный момент его здесь нет. 5. В воскресенье он будет на концерте. 6. В прошлую субботу он был на стадионе. 7.. Мой брат был вчера в кино. 8. Он будет завтра дома. 9. Ты будешь дома завтра? 10. Она была вчера в парке?

Упражнение 6. Поставьте глагол to have в правильной форме:

1. He ... a large family. 2. He ... two pets at home. 3.They … a very nice flat in Moscow. 4. Peter ... many friends at school. 5.You ... many English books at home. 6. ... she … any brothers or sisters? — Yes, she ... two brothers and a sister. 7. My mother ... three children. 8. I ... two cousins, an aunt and an uncle.

Упражнение 7.  Переведите на английский язык:

1. У Вас есть хобби? – Да, я люблю петь. 2. У меня есть два дедушки и две бабушки. Я счастлив. 3. У нас сегодня четыре урока. 4. У тебя есть питомец? – Да, у меня есть собака. 5. У Вас есть яблочный сок? – Нет, у нас только апельсиновый. 6. У него много времени сегодня. 7. Сколько у тебя денег? 8. У моих родителей есть дом за городом.

Упражнение 8.  Поставьте следующие предложения в вопросительную и отрицательную формы:

1. I have a good job. 2. They have a daughter. 3. He has a business of his own. 4. This family has a small hotel. 5. She has two brothers. 6. I have some doubts about it. 7. She has a good reputation. 8. I have much work to do. 9. We have a good office. 10. He has a big library. 11. She has an excellent memory. 12. She has a good sense of humor. 13. Ben has a dog. 14. Many children have pets. 15. She has many duties. 16. He has an understanding heart.

Упражнение 9.   Употребите have или have got. В некоторых случаях возможны оба варианта:

1. I usually ...................... breakfast at home, but I ...................... dinner at the office. 2. I ...................... a problem with my car. 3. We ...................... sometime right now. Let’s ...................... a talk. 4. He ...................... two small children. 5. She ...................... a high temperature. She ...................... a cold. 6. I ...................... a new swimming pool. So I ...................... a swim every day. 7. I’d like to ...................... a look at that picture. 8. He ...................... long hair. 9. I’m going to ...................... a shower. 10. Every Sunday he ...................... a walk in the park. 11. They ...................... big families. 12. We usually ...................... a good time at our parties. 13. He’d like to ...................... a look at the e-mail. 14. He ...................... a huge house. It ...................... ten bedrooms. 15. My family ...................... a small flat.

Контрольные вопросы:

1. Назовите значение глаголов to be/to have;
2. Назовите формы глаголов to be/to have в Настоящем простом времени;
3. Назовите формы глаголов to be/to have в Прошедшем простом времени;
4. Назовите формы глаголов to be/to have в Будущем простом времени;
5. Назовите формы глаголов to be/to have в Настоящем простом времени;
6. Назовите вопросительные и отрицательные формы глаголов to be/to have в Настоящем простом времени;

Задания для самоконтроля:

1 вариант

1. Дополните предложения глаголом "to be":

1. I _____ a girl.

2. My father_____ at work.

3. Barsik and Tima _____ my cats.

4. Helen _____ in the garden.

5. My sister _____ on the floor.

6. My black pencil _____ on the floor, too.

7. The other pencils _____ in my pencil case.

2. Составьте отрицательные предложения с глаголом "to be":

1. You _____ not a student.

2. He _____ at home.

3. Mike and I _____ pleased about it.

4. I _____ not cruel.

5. It _____ good.

3. Дополните предложения глаголом "to be":

1. I ... a student. 2. My father ... not a teacher, he ... a scientist. 3. ... your aunt a doctor? Yes, she ... . 4. ... they at home? No, they ... not at home, they ... at work. 5. My brother ... a worker. He ... at work. 6. ... you an engineer?  Yes, I....7. ... your sister a nurse? No, she ... not a nurse, she ... a student. 8. ... your brother at the college?  Yes, he ... . 9. ... your sister at the university? No, she ... not at the university. 10. My sister ... at home.

4. Переведите предложения на английский язык:

1. Вы студент? — Нет, я врач. 2. Моя сестра дома. 3. Мы не в колледже. Мы дома. 4. Моя мама не учительница. Она медицинская сестра.

2 вариант

1. Дополните предложения глаголом "to be":

1. My mother _____ in the living room.

2. They _____ good friends.

3. She _____ good at football.

4. _____ they in Moscow this week?

5. The pupils _____ not at school today.

6. It _____ Monday.

7. I _____ at home.

8. We _____ friends.

2. Составьте отрицательные предложения с глаголом "to be":

1. She _____ not a student.

2. I _____ at home.

3. We _____ pleased about it.

4. I _____ not cruel.

5. It _____ bad.

3. Дополните предложения глаголом "to be":

1. ... this your watch?  Yes, it ... . 2. She ... an actress. 3. This ... my bag. 4. My uncle ... an office-worker. 5. He ... at work. 6. Helen ... a painter. She has some fine pictures. 7. They ... on the walls. She has much paper. 8. It ... on the shelf. The shelf ... brown. 9. Helen has a brother. He ... a student. 10m He has a family. His family ... not in St. Petersburg, it ... in Moscow.

4. Переведите предложения на английский язык:

1. Я студент. Я в колледже. 2. Мой брат врач. Он не учитель. 3. Моя сестра на работе. Она медицинская сестра. 4. Он санитар.

2. Порядок слов в английском предложении

1. Повторите правила о порядке слов в английском предложении (см. УЧЕБНОЕ ПОСОБИЕ для обучающихся очной формы обучения специальности: 34.02.01 «Сестринское дело» стр. 23)

2. Выполните тренировочные упражнения.

3. Ответьте на контрольные вопросы.

3. Выполните письменно задания для самоконтроля.

Тренировочные упражнения

Упражнение 1.  На основе приведенных слов постройте предложения, соблюдая порядок слов:

1. she, won, easily, the game. 2. tennis, every weekend, Ken, plays. 3. quietly, the door, I, closed

4. his name, after a few minutes, I, remembered. 5. a letter to her parents, Ann, writes, every week. 6. some interesting books, found, we, in the library. 7. across from the park, there, a new hotel, are building. 8. to the bank, I, every Friday, go. 9. on Saturday night, didn't see, at the party, you, I. 10. brightly, is, shining, sun, the. 11. in, lives, my, sister, New York. 12. a, became, doctor, good, Mary. 13. a, decided, go, on, picnic, to, we.

Упражнение 2. Отметьте предложения, в которых нарушен порядок слов, и перестройте их в соответствии с правилами:

Образец: Tom walks every morning to work. - Tom walks to work every morning.

1. Jim doesn't like very much baseball. 2. Ann drives every day her car to work. 3. When I heard the news, I immediately called Tom. 4. Maria speaks very well English. 5. After eating quickly my dinner, I went out. 6. You watch all the time television.7. Liz smokes about 20 cigarettes every day. 8. I think I'll go early to bed tonight. 9. You should go to the dentist every six months. 10. We went last night to the movies. 11. We go every summer to the sea in August. 12. In the evening my parents go to the cinema with their friends.

Упражнение 3. На основе приведенных слов и словосочетаний постройте предложения, соблюдая правильный порядок слов:

1. always, at nine o'clock, out of the garage, in the morning, gets, his car, he 2. he, into town, after breakfast, often, Mrs Hodges, takes 3. a parking place, near the shops, they, find, rarely 4. sometimes, in a garage, Mr Hodges, his car, parks 5. fly, with my parents, to Florida, sometimes, I, in winter 6. late, came, last year, she, often, to school, in spring 7. often, have, at about three o'clock, a cup of tea, they, at the hotel, in the afternoon 8. meet, at the bar, they, after dinner, always, their friends 9. enjoys, very much, swimming, in our pool, always, in the morning, she.

Упражнение 4. Расставьте слова в предложениях по порядку.

1. usually / at 10 o'clock / out of the garage / in the morning / drives / his bike / Fred 2. a shower / after dinner / often / Mrs Lewis / takes 3. a parking place / near the library / we / find / seldom 4. to / I / on / a / night-club / sometimes / Saturdays / go 5. fly / my parents / to Australia / sometimes / I / in winter / and 6. enjoys / very much / swimming / in the pool / always / Mary 7. hardly / last year / could / skate / I 8. is / near / house / there / new / a / our / cinema 9. got / my / problems / I / with / have / home-task / some 10. well / think / your / very / I / don't / sister / drives 11. to / parents / once / the theatre / month / my / a / go 12. his / car / two / ago / Jim / sold / years 13. necklace / can’t / anywhere / Cindy / her / find 14. been / to / India / Mike / has / year / already / this 15. lunch / never / weekdays / she / has / on

Контрольные вопросы:

1. Какие типы предложений в английском языке вы можете назвать?
2. Какие члены предложения выделяют в английском языке?
3. Назовите порядок слов в положительном повествовательном предложении.
4.  Назовите порядок слов в отрицательных и вопросительных предложениях.

Задания для самоконтроля

Вариант 1

1. hardly / the / feeds / My / ever / dog / brother
2. sister / ironing / sometimes / My / the / does
3. I / vacuum / never / the / do / cleaning
4. a / go / with / often / walk / dog / for / We / our
5. room / Sundays / usually / I / tidy / my / on
6. the / unload / In / the / sometimes / afternoon / dishwasher / I
7. after / on / my / I / sister / look / weekends / sometimes / younger
8. never / the / She / cooking / does
9. mother / On / the / my / always / washing / does / Mondays
10. out / once / put / I / dustbins / week / usually / the / a
11. bike / want / new / I / a
12. dinner / Sally / chicken / had / for
13. Miguel / back / had / sore / a
14. work / sometimes / weekends / have to / on /
15. I / my / took / CD / to / favorite / school

Вариант 2

1. next / new / opens / the / week / library
2. do / always / dinner / I / homework / my / after
3. in / do / well / math / and / Eli / Mayte / always / tests
4. interesting / does / very / she / work
5. to / is / Paul / learning / swim
6. has / and / Isabel / eyes / blond / blue / hair
7. I / my / every / clean / week / bedroom
8. a / his / week / Johann / shoes / twice / polishes
9. just / the / terrible / film / was
10. run / can / really / Kim / fast
11. sitting / under / Sally / tree / was / a
12. beside / river / there / the / was / tree / a
13. beard / ? / who / man / is / the / with / the
14. flour / the / mix / water / with
15. CD´s / are / listening / to / we

3. Конструкции It, There is/are

1. Повторите правила о порядке слов в английском предложении (см. УЧЕБНОЕ ПОСОБИЕ для обучающихся очной формы обучения специальности: 34.02.01 «Сестринское дело» стр. 24)

2. Выполните тренировочные упражнения.

3. Ответьте на контрольные вопросы.

3. Выполните письменно задания для самоконтроля.

Тренировочные упражнения

Упражнение 1. Прочитайте пословицы и поговорки и дайте их русские эквиваленты:

1. It’s never too late. 2. Where there’s much talk, there’s little work. 3. There is no rose without a thorn. 4. There’s nothing new under the moon. 5. It’s never late to learn. 6. There is no smoke without fire. 7. There is a black sheep in every flock. 8. There is no fool like an old fool. 9. There is no medicine like hope. 10. There is no place like home. 11. This is a small world. 12. Where there is a will, there is a way. 13. There is no place like home when you’re not feeling well.

Упражнение 2. Вставьте в пропуски it или there:

1. ...... is autumn. .......... is getting cold. ....... usually gets dark very early. 2. .......were many people on the bus. ....... was a peak hour. 3. — ....... is no wind today. — Yes, ........ isn’t windy. 4. ...... are twelve months in the year, ....... is a fact. 5. ......is a long way from here to the airport. But ......... is a taxi at the stop. 6. ..... was a fine day. ....... were a lot of people in the park. 7. ....... is something I’d like to tell you. ..... is very important. 8. ..... is a new book. ......... are many interesting facts in it. 9. ........ isn’t a difficult task. ....... are many ways to do it. 10. We can’t take any pictures. ........ isn’t a film in the camera. ....... is such a pity!  11. ....... is warm in the room. .......... is a fireplace here. 12. ......... was a lot of snow last winter. ......... was a cold winter. 13. — Is ...... snowing? — No, ....... is raining hard. ....... are dark clouds in the sky. 14. ....... is a supermarket down the street. ........ is a five minute walk from here. ........ is close to the bus station. 15. — Who is that man? — ....... is Mr. Smith, our director. 16. — ........ is a question I’d like to ask you. — Is ..... difficult? 17. ..... is a good question, and I’ll try to answer it. Sometimes ......... are questions that you can’t answer. 18. ......... is about ten o’clock. ........... is little time left before the lecture starts. 19. ............ is an island in the ocean. ......... is a small island, but ........ are many hotels there. 20. — What’s this? — ............... is a secret file. ........ is very important information in it.

Упражнение 3. Вставьте в пропуски it или there:

1. ......... is the middle of December now. ......... are ten days left before Christmas. 2. ....... is not any money in the safe, sir, ........... is empty. ......... was someone here. 3. ......... is hot all the year round on Bali, that’s why ......... are always a lot of tourists there. 4. ....... is so much work to do. ........ is necessary to start today. 5. ........ is a very expensive hotel, but ........ are not any vacant rooms in it. 6. ...................... was no news yesterday. ...................... was Sunday. ........... is usually our day-off. 7. ...................... is nobody in, ...................... is still very early. But .......... are two guards at the entrance. 8. ...................... is your duty to look after the children. ........... are so many dangers around. 9. Look! ...................... is a star in the sky. ...................... is the North Star. ...................... is big and bright. 10. Once upon a time ...................... lived an old man near the blue sea. 11. ...................... was a fish in the net. ...................... was not an ordinary fish, ...................... was a golden fish. 12. ...................... was a misprint in text five. ...................... was a bad mistake. 13. ...................... was night, ...................... was two o’clock in the morning, ...................... were no people around. 14. ...................... is a good magazine. ...................... is so much useful information in it. 15. ...................... is so pleasant to stay at home. ...................... are no classes today. 16. ...................... is a tray on the table for you. ...................... is lunchtime. 17. ...................... was such a boring film! ...................... weren’t many people in the cinema. 18. ...................... was a strange object in the sky. I was sure that ...................... was a flying saucer. 19. ...................... is common knowledge that ...................... is no place like home. 20. ...................... was just an accident. ...................... were too many cars on the road.

Контрольные вопросы:

1. Что обозначает it в безличных предложениях?

2. Когда употребляется конструкция there is/are в предложениях?

3. При каких условиях используется is/are?

4. Как правильно перевести предложения с конструкцией there is/are

Задания для самоконтроля

Вариант 1

1. — How many colours are __in the rainbow? — ______is a fact that _______are seven colors in it.

 2. _____is some juice in the bottle. ______is orange juice.

3. ________is a note for you on the desk. ______ is from David.

4. _________ is a karaoke club in this street. _______ is very popular.

5. __________is such a pity that ____________ is only one birthday in the year.

6. ______ is a garden behind the house but _______ is very small.

7. __________is a new university. ____________are fifteen faculties in it.

Вариант 2

1. ____is a cheese festival in Hungary every year. ________ is a wonderful holiday.

2. ______ is thirty miles to our country house. _________ is to the South.

3. — How far is ____ to the cafe? — Well, _____is one near the supermarket. _____ is small but ___ is a big choice of cakes there. — Thanks, ____ is very kind of you to help me.

4. How many letters are ____ in this word? _____ is a long word.

5. ____ is no news from home. _____makes me unhappy.

6. _________is a big bookshop.____________ are many good books in it.

 7._________ was a surprise in the box.________ was a beautiful watch.

4. Настоящее простое время (Present Simple Tense)

1. Повторите правила образования и употребления Настоящего простого времени (см. УЧЕБНОЕ ПОСОБИЕ для обучающихся очной формы обучения специальности: 34.02.01 «Сестринское дело» стр.74)

2. Выполните тренировочные упражнения.

3. Ответьте на контрольные вопросы.

3. Выполните письменно задания для самоконтроля.

Тренировочные упражнения

Упражнение 1. Дополните предложения глаголами в правильной форме:

speak, cause, connect, live, take, close, go

1. Tanya ____ German very well.

2. Ben and Jack______  to the same school.

3. Bad driving ________ many accidents.

4. The museum _________ at 4 o’clock on Sundays.

5.  My parents ______  in a very small flat.

6. The Olympic Games ________ place every four years.

7. The Panama Canal _________ the Atlantic and Pacific oceans.

Упражнение 2. Дополните предложения глаголами в правильной форме:

1. Julia _______ (not / drink) tea very often.

2. What time ________ (the banks / close) here?

3. I have a car, but I ___________  (not / use) it much.

4. Where _________ (Maria / come) from?  Is she Spanish?

5. ‘What  _________ (you / do)?’ ‘I’m a doctor.’

6. Look at this sentence. What ______  (this word / mean)?

7. David isn’t very fit.  He _________ (not / do) any sport.

8. It _________ (take) me an hour to get to work in the morning.  How long ____ (it / take) you?

Упражнение 3. Раскройте скобки, дополните предложения глаголами в правильной форме:

1. My friend is finding life in Paris a bit difficult. He…(speak) French.

2. Most students live quite close to the college, so they…(walk) there.

3. My sports kit is really muddy. This shirt…(need) a good wash.

4. I’ve got two cats and a dog. I…(love) animals.

5. No breakfast for Mark, thanks. He …(eat) breakfast.

6. What’s the matter? You…(look) very happy.

7. Don’t try to ring the bell. It…(work).

8. I hate telephone answering machines. I just …(like) talking to them.

9. Matthew is good at badminton. He…(win) every game.

10. We always travel by bus. We…(own) car.

Упражнение 4. Раскройте скобки, дополните предложения глаголами в правильной форме.

This restaurant is called “Vienna”. Ten people (1)___(work) here. Julia Thomas is the owner. She (2)____(go)  to the restaurant at four o’clock in the afternoon. The waiters (3) ____(arrive) at half past four. They (4) ____(set) the tables and (5)_______(tidy) the kitchen. The chief, Pierre Rousseau (6) ____(come) at five o’clock. He (7)____ (prepare) the food for the evening. The restaurant (8)____(open) at six o’clock. Many people (9)_____(eat) here because the food is very good. The restaurant (10) _____(close) at one o’clock in the morning, and half past one Julia, the chief and the waiters (11)_____(go) home.

Упражнение 5. Дополните диалог, раскрыв скобки:

Rita: 1)… (you/like) football, Tom?

Tom: 2)… (I/love) it. I’m a United fan.3) … (I/go) to all their games. Nick usually 4)…(come) with me. And 5)… (we/travel) to away games, too. Why 6)… (you/not/come) to a match some time?

Rita: I’m afraid football 7)… (not/make) sense to me – men running after a ball. Why 8)… (you/take) it so seriously.

Tom: It’s wonderful game. 9)… (I/love) it United are my whole life.

Rita: How much 10)… (it/cost) to buy the tickets and pay for the travel?

Tom: A lot 11) … (I/not/know) exactly how much. But 12)… (that/not/matter) to me. 13) … (I/not/want) to do anything else. 14)… (that/annoy) you?

Rita: No. 15)… (it/not/annoy) me. I just 16)… (find) it a bit sad.

Упражнение 6. Поставьте слова в предложении в правильном порядке:

1. football, well, Jim, plays, very. 2. far, live, school, they, not, from. 3. a hot bath, has, every, she , evening. 4. at nine o’clock, goes, to, she, bed. 5. in, snows, winter, it. 6. two, drink, a day, I, of, cups, coffee. 7. much, write, they, do, at their lessons? 8. take, in, you, do, coffee, sugar, your? 9. do, many, take, you, sugars, how? 10. does, Tom, work, on, not, Saturdays. 11. French, do, I, not, know. 12. drive, does, your, friend, a car?

Контрольные вопросы

1. Назовите правила употребления Настоящего простого времени в английском языке.

2. Назовите слова-маркеры этого времени.

3. Как образуются положительные повествовательные предложения в данном времени?

4. Как образуются вопросительные и отрицательные предложения в Настоящем простом времени?

Задания для самоконтроля

Вариант 1

Задание 1. Раскройте скобки и поставьте глаголы в Present Simple:

1. We (to like) big dogs.  

2. You (to cook) well?  

3. Rex (to live) in a doghouse.  

4. Barbie (to be) very clever.  

5. She (to speak) Chinese.

6. I (not to drink) coffee in the evening.

Задание 2. Выберите из двух вариантов один верный:

1.Ann watch / watches TV every day.

2.My parents go / goes to work in the morning.

3.I help / helps my mother.

4.My sisters do / does sports after classes.

5.My brother and I have / has lunch at home.

Задание 3. Вставьте в пропуски “Do” or “Does”.

1.  ___ you watch DVD after school?

2.  ___ your father cook dinner?

3.  ___ Ann and Kate never eat chocolate?

4.  ___ Jane read books in the evening?

5.  ___ my friend do sports in the morning?

Задание 4. Исправьте ошибки:

1.We likes to read fairy tales.  

2. Ben have two sisters.  

3. My granny watch TV every evening.  

4. My friends eats many apples.  

5. He come to his office at 9 o’clock.

6. Ann and Kate sleeps.

Вариант 2

Задание 1. Выберите из двух вариантов один верный:

2.The Earth goes / go round the sun.

3.Does your wife arrive / arrives on Monday?

4.I don’t understand / understands this sentence.

5.Don’t / doesn’t talk so loudly, I hear / hears you well.

6.How often do / does you go / goes to the dentist?

Задание 2. Выберите Do,does,don’t, doesn’t:

1. … She take her bus? Yes, she ……...

2….  I need my book? No, you …….

3. …  an elephant eat leaves? Yes, it ……

4. …  you want milk? No, I…..

5. … She go to the swimming pool? Yes, she ……...

6. …  I sleep a lot? No, you …….

7. …  an elephant eat leaves? Yes, it ……

8…. you like meat? No, I…..

Задание 3. Перепишите предложения, заменив имеющееся местоимение на he или she.  

1. I drink milk for breakfast.  

2. They go to the cinema every Sunday.  

3. You often miss the train.  

4. We brush our teeth after meals.  

5. They tidy their bedroom every week.  

6. I catch the bus to school every morning.  

7. We buy the newspaper on Saturdays.  

8. I take a shower in the morning.  

Задание 4. Вставьте вместо пропусков do или does.  

1. _______ you like milk?  

2. _______ Tim work in a factory?  

3. _______ the bus arrive on time?  

4. _______ they speak English?  

5. _______ the dog bark loudly at night?  

6. _______ Susan play football?  

7. _______ Mark and you go to the cinema in the evening?  

 5. Прошедшее простое время (Past Simple Tense)

1. Повторите правила образования и употребления Прошедшего простого времени в английском языке (см. УЧЕБНОЕ ПОСОБИЕ для обучающихся очной формы обучения специальности: 34.02.01 «Сестринское дело» стр.81)

2. Выполните тренировочные упражнения.

3. Ответьте на контрольные вопросы.

3. Выполните письменно задания для самоконтроля.

Тренировочные упражнения

Упражнение 1. Составьте рассказ используя Прошедшее простое время:

Упражнение 2. Дополните предложения, раскрыв скобки:

Two people 1) (die) in a fire in Ellis Street, Oldport yesterday morning. They2) (be) Herbert and Molly Paynter, a couple in their seventies. The fire 3)(start) at 3.20 am. A neighbor, Mr Asis, 4)(see) the flame and 5)(call) the fire brigade. He also 6)(try) to get into the house and rescue his neighbors, but the heat 7) (be) too great. The fire brigade 8)(arrive) in five minutes. Twenty fire-fighters 9)(fight) the fire and finally 10)(bring) it under the control. Two fire-fighters 11)(enter)the burning building but 12)(find) the couple dead.

Упражнение 3. Дополните диалог, раскрыв скобки:

Claire: 1)… (you/have) a nice weekend in Paris?

Mark: Yes, thanks. It 2) … (be) good. We 3)… (look) around and then we 4)… (see) a show. 5)… (we/not/try) to do too much.

Claire: What sights 6)… (you/see)?

Mark: We 7)… (have) a look round the Louvre. 8)… (I/not/know) there 9)…(be) much in there.

Claire: And what show 10)… (you/go) to?

Mark: Oh, a musical. I forget the name. 11)… (I/not/like) it.

Claire: Oh, dear. And 12)… (Sarah/enjoy) it?

Mark: No, not really. But we 13) … (enjoy) the weekend. Sarah 14)… (do) some shopping, too, but 15) … (I/not/want) to go shopping.

Упражнение 4. Дополните предложения, раскрыв скобки:

LAZY TIM

It was summer. Two friends (camp) together on the bank of a river. Their names (be) Jim and Tim. Tim (be) a very lazy boy. On the first evening of their holiday, Jim (say) to Tim, “Here (be) some money. Go and buy some meat.” “I (be) too tired,” (answer) Tim. “You go.” So Jim (go) and (buy) the meat. When he (come) back, he (tell) Tim that he (must) (cook) it. But Tim (explain), “No, I (be) not good at cooking. You must (do) it.” So Jim (fry) the meat. Then Jim (cut) the bread as Tom not (want) to do it. After that he (offer) his friend (bring) some water. This time Tim (reply), “My clothes (be) clean, I not (be going) to do it.” So Jim (bring) the water. At last the meat (be) ready and Jim (invite) Tim to eat it. “Well, I can (do) that,” (agree) Tim. “I not (like) to say “no” all the time.”

Упражнение 5. Дополните предложения, раскрыв скобки:

A VISIT TO ST. PETERSBURG

Last weekend we (travel) to St. Petersburg. We (get) on a fast train at 3 o’clock. On the train my friend and I (talk) a little, (read) some magazines and then (sleep) for about an hour. The train (stop) only twice. It (take) us five hours to get to the North capital. At about nine o’clock we (come) to our hotel. The next day we (go) on a bus excursion about the city. Fortunately, the weather (be) fine. We (start) from the Nevsky Prospect and (drive) along it to the Neva. Our guide (know) a lot of interesting facts, stories and jokes which she (tell) us with great pleasure. The driver (stop) the bus from time to time, and we (go) out to admire the wonderful churches, palaces, museums and the famous bridges. We (learn) a lot of interesting things about the city and its people. The bus (bring) us back to the Nevsky Prospect at about four o’clock in the afternoon. It (be) time for dinner. We (be) hungry and thirsty. We (enter) one of the many cafes, (find) a table and (sit) down. We (choose) from the menu what we (want). The dinner not (cost) us much. It was in fact twice as cheap as in Moscow. There (be) a lot of people around us. They (talk), (laugh), (drink) coffee. They (speak) different languages: English, Italian, German, Finnish. After dinner we (do) some shopping. We (buy) a few souvenirs and (go) to the hotel. We (be) tired but very happy.

Контрольные вопросы

1. Назовите правила употребления Прошедшего простого времени в английском языке.

2. Назовите слова-маркеры этого времени.

3. Как образуются положительные повествовательные предложения в данном времени?

4. Как образуются вопросительные и отрицательные предложения в Прошедшем простом времени?

Задания для самоконтроля

Вариант 1

Задание 1. Используйте слова в скобках для образования предложений в Past Simple. Обратите внимание, в какой форме должно стоять предложение (утвердительной, вопросительной или отрицательной).

1) His brother _____ in an office. (to work)

2) She ___ very fast. (can not / to read)

3) ____ they ____ the flowers every 3 days? (to water)

4) His wife _____ a motorbike. (not / to ride)

5) ____ Elizabeth_____ coffee? (to drink) Упражнение

Задание 2. Вставьте глагол “to be” в требуемой форме Past Simple.

1. ... your friend a photographer? No, she ... not a photographer, she ... a student. 2. ... your brothers at school? - Yes, they ... . 3. ... this her watch? - Yes, it ... . 4. Max ... an office-worker. 5. We ... late, sorry!

Задание 3. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Past Simple.

1. I (to take) a bus to the institute.
2. It usually (to take) me about fifteen minutes to get there.
3. Classes (to begin) at eight.
4. We usually (to have) four classes a day.
5. I (to have) lunch at about 2 o’clock.

Вариант 2

Задание 1. Используйте слова в скобках для образования предложений в Past Simple. Обратите внимание, в какой форме должно стоять предложение (утвердительной, вопросительной или отрицательной).

1) They _____ football at the institute. (to play)
2) She _____ emails. (not / to write)
3) ____ you____ English? (to speak)
4) My mother ____ fish. (not / to like)
5) ____ Ann ____ any friends? (to have)

Задание 2. Вставьте глагол “to be” в требуемой форме Past Simple.

1. I ... a student.
2. My father ... not a shop-assistant, he ... a scientist.
3. ... your aunt a nurse? - Yes, she ... .
4. ... they at home? - No, they ... not. They ... at school.
5. ... you an engineer? - Yes, I....

Задание 3. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Past Simple.

1. My working day (to begin) at six o'clock.
2. I (to get) up, (to switch) on the TV and (to brush) my teeth.
3. It (to take) me about twenty minutes.
4. I (to have) breakfast at seven o’clock.

5. I (to leave) home at half past seven.

6. Будущее простое время (Future Simple Tense)

1. Повторите правила образования и употребления Будущего простого времени в английском языке (см. УЧЕБНОЕ ПОСОБИЕ для обучающихся очной формы обучения специальности: 34.02.01 «Сестринское дело» стр.83)

2. Выполните тренировочные упражнения.

3. Ответьте на контрольные вопросы.

3. Выполните письменно задания для самоконтроля.

Тренировочные упражнения

Упражнение 1. Раскройте скобки употребляя глаголы во времени Future Simple Tense:

1. I (to be) at school tomorrow. 2.They (to go) to Paris next week 3. Mike (to phone) you later. 4. We (to fly) to Paris tomorrowю 5. My father (to drive) a car tomorrow. 6. Ben (to be) late tonight.

Упражнение 2. Составьте предложения:

1. I/ tomorrow/ to the theater/ go. 2. Peter/ soon/ come. 3. We/ next year/ go/ to England. 4. I/ to do your homework/ help you. 5. Start/ the game/ at 10 o’clock. 6. Next week/ my father/ a new car/ buy.

Упражнение 3. Составьте специальные вопросы:

1. Nina will be at school in 10 minutes (Where). 2. The competition will start tomorrow (When). 3. Ben will buy a new bicycle (What). 4. Sam will come soon (Who). 5. We will go to the cinema at 6 o’clock (What time). 6. They will fly to Australia next week (Where)

Упражнение 4. Раскройте скобки употребляя глаголы во времени Future Simple Tense:

1. I think he (to be) glad to see you. 2. I think this party (to be) very fun. 3. I think Mike (not to go) to school today. 4. I think you (to pass) the exam. 5. I think the weather (to be) good tomorrow. 6. I don’t think we (to go) for a walk today.

Упражнение 5. Вставьте ‘ll или won’t:

1. Lucy was born in 1995. In 2007 she ________ be 12. 2. It's sunny today. It ________ rain. 3. Kelly is eleven today.  She ___________ be twelve until next year. 5. Rob is nine.  He __________ be ten on his next birthday. 6. This month is May. It________ be June next month. 7. Jenny: 'Mum, the bus is late. I _______ be home until eight o'clock. 8. It's 25 degrees today. It _________ snow tomorrow. 9.I sent the letter this afternoon. It __________ arrive until tomorrow.

Упражнение 6. Вставьте ‘ll или won’t:

1. Amy's brother is thirteen. He____ be fourteen on his next birthday. 2. I bought a lottery ticket, but I ____  win. 3. My dad is thirty-nine. He ____  be forty on his next birthday. 4. My sister Mary is fifteen. She ____ be sixteen until next year. 5. My brother's clever. He____  pass all his exams. 6. It's raining now. But it____  be sunny later. 7. Debbie and Bob are always late. They____   arrive until eight o'clock.

Контрольные вопросы

1. Назовите правила употребления Будущего простого времени в английском языке.

2. Назовите слова-маркеры этого времени.

3. Как образуются положительные повествовательные предложения в данном времени?

4. Как образуются вопросительные и отрицательные предложения в Будущем простом времени?

Итоговые задания для самоконтроля

1. Выберите и вставьте в предложение правильную форму глагола.

1.I usually… my Granny on Saturday.

a) visits   b) visited   c) visit   d) will visit

2.There … 30 pupils in our class last year.

a) were   b) was   c) are   d) is

3. I can… English very well.

a) spoke   b) speaks   c) speak   d) will speak

4. …they go to the Zoo with us next week?

a) shall   b) will   c) do   d) did

5. I… to my friend’s place yesterday.

a) goed   b) went   c) goes   d) will go

6. He will not… his holidays in America.

a) spent   b) spended    c) spends    d) spend

7. My pencil…on the table yesterday. My mother… it in the box.

a) was not, put   b) are not, put   c) were not, put    d) was not, puts

8. Do you like… to school? Yes, I…

a) to go, did   b) go, do    c) to go, do    d) to go, don’t  

9. We learn how to use computers at …lessons.

a) I. T   b) Literature   c) Drama   d) Maths

10. She wanted to… us about her brother.

a) say   b) tell   c) speak   d)  show

2.Раскройте скобки:

1.Last week I (visit) my grandparents

2.We (not to be) at school yesterday.

3.My sister often (read) books in the evening.

4.They (not to do) exercises every morning.

5.I (spend) my summer holidays in the country.

3.Задай вопросы, используя вопросы в скобках.

1.My friends are from Great Britain. (Where?)

2.They opened the window two hours ago. (What?)

3.She will start her work tomorrow. (When?)

4.Sam is in the 5th form. (Who?)

5.There are 28 children in our class. (How many children?)

 4.Выбери и вставь в предложение правильную форму глагола.

1.Where…your parents last week?

a) are   b) did   c) were   d) was

2. Nick…to school every day.

a) goes   b) went    c) go    d) will go

3. Jane …not…bread and milk tomorrow.

a) did…buy   b) will…buy   c) does…buy    d) do…buy

4. I usually…my mother and father in the evening.

a) helped   b) helps    c) help    d)will help

5. My friend…at school last week.

a) weren’t   b)didn’t be    c) isn’t    d) wasn’t

6. When…your father…yhe day after tomorrow?

a) will…get up   b) did…get up   c0 does…get up   d) do…get up

7. My balls… in the box yesterday. My brother…them.

a) aren’t, taked   b) weren’t, took   c) wasn’t, took    d) isn’t, taked

8. Who…up in your family? I…

a) wash, will   b) will wash, does   c0 washes, did    d) washes, do

9. They…to the Zoo next week.

a) goes   b) will go    c) go    d) went

10. There… a bookshelf with books in my room.

a) arte   b) is    c) were    d) will be

Ответы на задания:

1.        Глагол to be/to have

Эталоны ответов:

2.        Порядок слов в английском предложении

Эталоны ответов:

3. Конструкции It, There is/are

Эталоны ответов:

4. Настоящее простое время (Present Simple Tense)

Эталоны ответов:

5. Прошедшее простое время (Past Simple Tense)

Эталоны ответов:

6. Будущее простое время (Future Simple Tense)

Департамент образования и науки Тюменской области

Государственное автономное профессиональное

образовательное учреждение

Тюменской области «Тюменский медицинский колледж»

(ГАПОУ ТО «Тюменский медицинский колледж»)

ВТОРУШИНА ЮЛИЯ АЛЕКСАНДРОВНА

ОГСЭ. 03 ИНОСТРАННЫЙ ЯЗЫК (АНГЛИЙСКИЙ)

УЧЕБНОЕ ПОСОБИЕ

для обучающихся 2 курса

очной формы обучения специальности:

31.02.03 Лабораторная диагностика

Тюмень, 2021

        Вторушина Ю.А. Учебное пособие для студентов 2 курса очной формы обучения специальности 31.02.03 Лабораторная диагностика по темам: «Анатомия человека», «Здравоохранение в России, США, Великобритании» – Тюмень,2021. –  46 с.

Рецензенты: Айзятова Г.Г., преподаватель ГАПОУ ТО «Тюменский колледж транспортных технологий и сервиса».

Виношкина Т.В., преподаватель ГАПОУ ТО «Тюменский медицинский колледж».

Учебное пособие предназначено для обучающихся 2 курса очной формы обучения специальности 31.02.03 Лабораторная диагностика. Пособие содержит теоретический и практический материал по учебной дисциплине в полном соответствии с рабочей программой. Оно включает английскую терминологию, тексты, грамматические минимумы, лексико-грамматические упражнения, а также содержит материалы для подготовки проектных работ.

Пояснительная записка

Данное учебно-методическое пособие предназначено для студентов второго курса медицинского колледжа специальности «Лабораторная диагностика».

Задача данного пособия — научить студентов- медиков навыкам разговорной речи на темы, связанные с профессиональной деятельностью в области медицины. Основной целью учебного пособия, в соответствии с новыми государственными образовательными стандартами и действующей рабочей программой по дисциплине, является формирование иноязычной коммуникативной компетенции специалиста-медика, позволяющей использовать иностранный язык как средство профессионального и межличностного общения.

Структура и содержание пособия ориентированы на взаимосвязанное решение коммуникативных, познавательных, развивающих и воспитательных задач и формирование у студентов- медиков профессиональной иноязычной коммуникативной компетенции. Оно рассчитано на 32 часа аудиторной работы и 18 часов самостоятельной (проектной) работы студентов, составлено в полном соответствии с рабочей программой и предполагает овладение студентами лексико-грамматическим материалом по темам «Анатомия человека» и «Здравоохранение в России, США, Великобритании». В учебном пособии представлен также глоссарий в соответствии с изучаемой темой.

Настоящее учебно-методическое пособие предназначено для обучения английскому языку студентов как под руководством преподавателя, так и для самостоятельной работы.

Медицинские профессии — что может быть важнее?

Содержание

Тема: «Анатомия человека»

Занятия № 20- 21. Строение человеческого тела.

Степени сравнения прилагательных.

1. Прочитай и выучи лексический минимум к урокам. (Read and learn new words for the lessons) (Приложение 1)

2. Прочитай и переведи текст (Read and translate the text):

The Human Body

There are three chief parts of the human body, the head, the trunk and the limbs or extremities. The skeleton of the body is composed of 223 bones of various size and shapes, which give firm but flexible support to the soft tissues, muscles and organs. The bony framework of the head, enclosing the brain and supporting the face, is the skull. The skeleton of the trunk mainly consists of the spinal column made of a series of bony rings. The trunk is divided into two large cavities by the diaphragm. The chest is the upper of these cavities, the belly or abdomen – the lower.

The upper cavity contains heart and lungs. In the lower cavity there is stomach, liver, gall-bladder, kidneys, bladder and the intestines. The lungs belong to the respiratory system. Kidneys and bladder are part of the urinary system. The heart, the arteries, veins constitute the cardiovascular system.

The upper extremity is divided into the shoulder, the upper arm, the forearm, and the hand. Each hand has four fingers and one thumb.

The parts of the lower extremity are the thigh (hip), the lower leg and the foot.

3. Найдите в тексте слова и выражения (Find in the text words and word expressions):

Содержать, основные части, конечности, состоять из, поддерживать, туловище, быть разделенным, полость, составлять.

4. Дополните предложения данными словами (Complete the sentences with the words from the list):

trunk (2), bony, muscles, chief parts, respiratory system, tissues, spinal column, skull.

1. The lungs belong to the ______.
2. The skeleton of the_______ mainly consists of the ________made of a series of _______rings.
3. There are three _______of the human body.
4. The bony framework of the head is the ______.
5. The _____ is divided into two large cavities by the diaphragm.
6. The skeleton of the body supports the soft___, _______ and organs.

5. Ответьте на вопросы (Answer the questions):

1. How many parts of human body are there?
2. How many bones does the human skeleton have?
3. What is the bony framework of the head?
4. What does the upper cavity contain?
5. What are the parts of the upper extremity?
6. What are the parts of the lower extremity?

6. Прочитайте текст, выпишите незнакомые слова и переведите их (Read the text, write out unknown words from it, translate them):

The Parts of the Human Body

The body is wonderfully made, like a complex, perfect machine. Each part is specially constructed to carry out its own function, and to work as a whole with the other parts. The body has a strong frame work of bones called the skeleton. The skeleton is covered by muscles and other soft tissues, and by skin on the outside. The human body consists of three parts. They are the head, the trunk and the limbs.

The main part of the head is called the skull. The forehead, the temples, the cheeks, the cheekbones, the two jaws and the mouth compose the face. The teeth and the tongue are loading in the mouth. One chews food with the teeth and tastes food with the tongue. The lips are the two margins of the mouth. We see with the eyes, breathe and smell with the nose. The trunk consists of the spine, the chest and the pelvic bones. The trunk is divided into two large cavities by diaphragm. The upper cavity of the trunk is called thorax and lower one is called the belly. The lungs and the heart are located above the diaphragms in the upper cavity. In the lower cavity we find interior organs such as stomach, liver, urinary bladder, gallbladder kidneys, spleen and intestines.

 The upper limb is divided into the shoulder, the upper arm, the forearm and the hand. The join between upper arm and forearm we call the elbow. The wrist is the joint between forearm and hand. Each hand has five fingers: index, middle finger, ring finger, little finger and a thumb.

The lower limb consists of the thigh-bone, the shin-bone and the fibula. We call the calf the back of the lower leg. The join between the femur and the lower leg is called the knee-joint. This joint is protected by the knee-cap. The joints between lower legs and feet are the ankles. The foot consists of heel, sole and toes.

7. Найдите в тексте эквиваленты (Find English equivalents):

Составляют лицо; располагаются во рту; работаться как одно целое; покрыт мускулами и мягкими тканями; жевать еду; состоять из трех частей; внутренние органы; верхние конечности; нижние конечности.

8. Найдите в тексте эквиваленты (Find Russian equivalents):

To carry out its own function; complex machine; the teeth and the tongue are loading in the mouth; strong frame work of bones; upper cavity; lower cavity; tastes food with the tongue; joint between forearm and hand.

9. Прочитайте текст, определите, верны/неверны данные предложения (Decide whether the following statements are true or false according to the text):

1. Each part of the body carries out its own function.
2. The skeleton is covered by muscles on the outside.
3. The face is composed by the forehead, the temples, the cheeks and two jaws.
4. The food is tested with the tongue.
5. The upper cavity of the trunk is called the belly.
6. The elbow is the joint between forearm and hand.
7. The foot consists of heel, sole and toes.

GRAMMAR REVISION

Степени сравнения прилагательных

1. Прилагательные в английском языке имеют 3 степени сравнения: положительную, сравнительную и превосходную. Односложные и двусложные прилагательные образуют сравнительную степень при помощи суффикса –er и превосходную степень при помощи артикля the и суффикса –est. Многосложные прилагательные образуют степени сравнения при помощи more, the most, при этом прилагательное не меняет своей формы.

Например: big-bigger-the biggest / beautiful-more beautiful-the most beautiful

2. Прилагательные angry, clever, common, cruel, friendly, gentle, handsome, narrow, pleasant, polite, quiet, simple могут образовывать формы степеней сравнения как односложные так и многосложные прилагательные.

Например: simple-simpler-the simplest/ more simple-the most simple

3. Следующие прилагательные не имеют степеней сравнения, так как выражают абсолютную степень качества: woolen, golden, wooden, American, Russian, Italian, weekly, daily, middle, dead, pregnant, left, right, empty, perfect, square, round, medical, full, unique.

4. Некоторые прилагательные образовывают степени сравнения не по правилам. (см. Приложение 2)

GRAMMAR EXERCISES

1. Дайте степени сравнения следующих прилагательных и переведите их.

Able, bright, cool, cold, dark, careful, clever, big, early, bad, high, hot, funny, famous, important, serious, pretty, busy, wise, comfortable, interesting, difficult, small, happy, polite, delicious, tasty, cheap, expensive, weird.

2. Употребите правильную форму слов в скобках.

1. Today people seldom write letters. It’s (easy) to phone. 2. — Do you feel (good) now than yesterday? — No, I am feeling much (bad). 3. France is (big) than England. 4. She’s (beautiful) girl he has ever met. 5. My flat isn’t big. I’d like to have a (big) one. 6. It was (cold) yesterday than it is today. 7. Our climate is getting (warm) and (warm). 8. It was (bad) mistake I’ve ever made in my life. 9. Who is (important) person in your life? 10. She is (clever) than her sister. 11. This actor looks much (young) in life than on TV. 12. Let’s move to the sitting room. It’s (light) there. 13. He is (smart) man in the world and she is (kind) woman of all. 14. What is (good) film you’ve ever seen? 15. You’ll live (long) if you eat (little). 16. This computer is (expensive) than that one. 17. The English language is (easy) than the German language. 18. My life now is (interesting) than it used to be. 19. Cats are (easy) to keep than dogs. 20. It was (difficult) exam I had ever taken. 21. People live much (long) nowadays than they used to.

3. Заполните пропуски соответствующей формой прилагательных.

I. Late.

1. What is ... news? 2. On Saturdays I get up ... than on week-days. 3. Wear pink. It’s ... fashion. 4. She is dying to tell me ... gossip. 5. Let’s talk about it a bit ..., shall we? 6. I have two nieces: Kate and Rose ... is a student, ... is a schoolgirl. 7. Scientists use ... technologies to clone people. 8. He is always ... to learn ... news. 9. We use ... methods in language learning. 10. She got married ... month. 11. When was ... time you bought something new for yourself? — It was ... week.

II. Near.

1. My house is ... to the metro station than my mother’s. 2. There is no one ... to me than you, my dear. 3. The ... to the equator, the hotter it is. 4. What are your ... plans? 5. .... stop is ours. 6. ... week you’ll get your money.

III. Old.

1. — Is your husband as … as you are? — No, he is five years ... than me. 2. Of the four children Masha is ... 3. John’s ... brother is a chemist. 4. Brian is ... at our office, though he is the youngest man here. 5. The ... she gets, the more difficult she is. 6. My ... sister is very close to me. 7. What are ... books in the world?

IV. Far.

1. How ... is the Earth from the Sun? 2. He lives ... from the metro station than all his classmates. 3. We found the boy in ... corner of the garden. 4. You’ll see; she’ll go very ... in life. 5. The private detective went … into the case. 6. It’s not enough. We need ... calculations.

Занятия № 22-23. Кровь.  

Конструкции "существительное +существительное"

1. Прочитай и выучи лексический минимум к урокам. (Read and learn new words for the lessons) (Приложение 1)

2. Прочитай и переведи текст (Read and translate the text):

The prefix haem- means blood The study of blood is haematology, haemophilia is a disease of the blood and a haemorrhage is a bruise. In humans, blood forms in the bone marrow by a process called haemogenesis. Blood circulates around the body through the cardiovascular system of arteries, veins and capillaries. Blood has many functions. It distributes oxygen, keeps the body warm, and removes waste. More than half of the blood in the body is a fluid called plasma – plasma is mostly water. The rest of the blood is made up of red cells which carry oxygen, white cells which protect against disease, and platelets which heal wounds. When someone loses a lot of blood they need a transfusion. There are different types of human blood and medics usually use the ABO system which puts blood into four main groups: A, B, AB, and O. The donor blood must be compatible with the blood of the recipient, because a transfusion of the wrong blood can be fatal.  Medical conditions affect blood in many ways, so a blood test is a good way to get information about a patient’s state of health. The shape, size, behaviour and number of blood cells can provide information about kidney and liver function, about levels of hormone, glucose and cholesterol, and about a patient’s immune system.

3. Дополните предложения подходящими словами (Complete the sentences with the words from the list):

arteries, cells, microscope, veins, drop, clot, haemoglobin, syringe

1. Pulmonary _________ take blood to the lungs.

2. Blood contains red and white_______ .

3.__________  take blood to the heart.

4. A ____________ of blood can tell the police a lot.

5. Platelets help blood to__________ .

6.___________  is a protein.

7. Use a ____________  to take a blood sample.

8. Put this slide under the ___________ and have a look.

4. Выберите подходящее слово (Underline the correct words in italics to complete the sentences):

1. In healthy blood the red cells are circular / circulate. 

2. I just want a drop / drip of blood from you.

3. The platelets cause blood to clotting / clot.

4. Blood cells are microscopic / microscope.

5. Blood flows / flies through veins and arteries.

6. He is bleeding / bloody badly and needs a transfusion.

7. We need to analyse / analysis your blood.

5. Определите верны или не верны данные высказывания (Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the text):

1. Bone marrow is formed by haemogenesis.

2.   Blood cells are mostly water.

3.   ABO is a method of transfusion.

4.   Recipients’ blood is given in transfusions.

5.   A blood test is good for a patient’s health.

6.   Blood cells can tell us about internal organs.

6. Дополните пропуски данными словами (Put the correct word or phrase into the spaces 1–6 in the text):

forensic, analysis, slide, wound, test tube, drops of blood, microscope.

The detective noticed several (1) ________ on the floor. Then he saw more. ‘That’s very interesting,’ he thought. ‘It has obviously come from someone’s (2)____________ ,  and there is quite a lot of it. But whose blood is it?’ He needed to get a (3)_______________ , and he needed it quickly. He used a swab to get a sample of the blood and put it safely into a  (4)__________________ . Later, back at the laboratory, a police scientist prepared a (5) _______________ and switched on the high-powered (6) ________________. The detective would soon know the answer to his question.

7. Составьте словосочетания и переведите их на русский язык (Make word combination):

8. Найдите слова с противоположным значением, переведите (Find words with opposite meanings, translate):

GRAMMAR REVISION

Конструкции "существительное +существительное"

1. В английском языке возможно использовать два существительных вместе (существительное + существительное), чтобы обозначить одну вещь/человека/идею и т.п. Например: a tennis ball a bank manager a road accident income tax the city centre

2. Первое существительное выступает в роли прилагательного. Оно описывает что это за вещь/человек/идея и т.п.

Например: a tennis ball = a ball used to play tennis = теннисный мяч

a road accident = an accident that happens on the road = дорожное происшествие

the water temperature = the temperature of the water = температура воды

a London doctor = a doctor from London = врач из Лондона

3. Если первое слово оканчивается на –ing то оно обозначает вещи, предназначенные для какого-нибудь дела:

Например: a frying pan (= сковорода для жарки)  

4. Если два существительных вместе, они могут быть написаны в одно слово, а иногда в два.

Например: a headache toothpaste a weekend a car park a road sign

5. Обратите внимание на разницу между:

a sugar bowl (сахарница, возможно, пустая) и a bowl of sugar (= сахарница, как ‘чаша с сахаром’)

a shopping bag (сумка для покупок, возможно, пустая) и a bag of shopping (= полная сумка покупок)

6. Если используется конструкция существительное + существительное, первое существительное является прилагательным. Оно обычно в единственном числе, но значение часто во множественном.

Например: a bookshop – магазин, в котором можно купить книги (books), an apple tree – дерево, на которой растут яблоки (apples).

GRAMMAR EXERCISES

1. Назовите вещи или людей:

1. A magazine about computers is
   
2. Photographs taken on your holiday are your
   
3. Chocolate made with milk is
   
4. Somebody whose job is to inspect factories is
   
5. A horse that runs in races is
   
6. A race for horses is
   
7. A hotel in central London is
   
8. The results of your exams are your
   
9. The carpet in the dining room is
   
10. A scandal involving an oil company is
    
11. Workers at a car factory are
    
12. A scheme to improve a road is
    
13. A course that lasts five days is
    
14. A question that has two parts is
    
15. A girl who is seven years old is

2. Ответьте на вопросы, используя каждый раз по два слова:

accident, belt, card, credit, editor, forecast, number, road, room, seat, shop, weather, newspaper, window

1. This can be caused by bad driving.

a _________

2. If you’re staying at a hotel, you need to remember this.

your ____________

3. You should wear this when you’re in a car.

a ________________

4. You can often use this to pay for things instead of cash.

a __________________

5. If you want to know if it’s going to rain, you can read or listen to this.

the ______________

6. This person is a top journalist.

a _______________

7. You might stop to look in this when you’re walking along a street.

a______________

Занятия №24-25.  Компоненты крови.

1. Прочитайте и переведите текст (Read and translate the text):

BLOOD

Blood contains a fluid called plasma plus microscopical cellular elements: erythrocytes, leucocytes, and thrombocytes.

Erythrocytes are red blood cells of which 4.5 – 5 million are found in each cubic millimeter. These cells are made in the bone marrow and are important in transporting oxygen from the lungs through the blood stream to the cells all over the body. The oxygen is then used up by body cells in the process of converting food to energy (catabolism). Hemoglobin, containing iron, is an important protein in erythrocytes, which helps in carrying the oxygen as it travels through the blood stream. Erythrocytes also carry away carbon dioxide (CO2), a waste product of catabolism of food in cells, from the body cells to the lungs. On arriving there it is expelled in the process of breathing.

Leucocytes are white blood cells from 4.000 to 10.000 per cubic millimeter exiting in several types: granulocytes and agranulocytes, which are also subdivided into different types.

Granulocytes are cells with granules in their cytoplasm formed in the bone marrow. There are three types of granulocytes: eosinophils, basophils, neutrophils. Agranulocytes are produced in lymph nodes and spleen. There are two types of agranulocytes: lymphocytes and monocytes.

Thrombocytes or platelets are tiny cells formed in the bone marrow. They are necessary for blood clotting. Their number is 400.000 per cubic millimeter. The plasma is the fluid portion before clotting has occurred. The serum is the fluid portion of blood remaining after the coagulation process is completed.

The body contains about five liters of blood kept at a constant temperature of 37*C. Blood consists of three different types of cell floating in a liquid called plasma. The blood cells are known as red cells, white cells and platelets. Red cells and platelets are unique among body cells in having no nucleus. Blood cells are so small that one cubic millimeter of blood (the size of a pin head) contains about five million red cells, 7.000 white cells and 250.000 platelets. The red blood cells contain a pigment called hemoglobin, which gives the blood its red color. The main function of red cells is to carry oxygen to the body cells. For its journey from the lungs to the body cells, oxygen combines with hemoglobin of the red cells. It is then released from the hemoglobin when the body cells are reached. Some people do not have enough hemoglobin in their red cells and are consequently short of oxygen. This condition is called anemia and such people tire easily, become breathless on exertion and have a pale complexion. They need special care during general anesthesia.

The white blood cells defend the body against disease. They do this by attacking germs and repairing damage.

The function of platelets is to stop bleeding. They do this in two ways: by blocking the cut blood vessels; and by producing substances, which help the blood to clot.

2. Найдите английские эквиваленты. (Find English equivalents):

Микроскопические клеточные элементы, в каждом кубическом миллиметре, через кровоток, по всему организму, процесс превращения пищи в энергию, выводить, продукт отхода, выталкивать, несколько видов, лимфатические узлы, крошечные клетки, свертываемость крови, завершаться

3. Найдите русские эквиваленты. (Find Russian equivalents):

To call, to be found, bone marrow, to be used, to convert, iron, to be expelled, spleen, a fluid portion, coagulation process, three types of granulocytes, tiny cells, blood clotting, the main function, five liters of blood.

4. Ответьте на вопросы. (Answer the questions):

1.        What does blood contain?

2.        How many erythrocytes can be found in each cubic millimeter?

3.        Where are these cells made?

4.        What is their function?

5.        What role does hemoglobin play?

6.        What are the types of leucocytes?

7.        Where are agranulocytes produced?

8.        What types of granulocytes do you know?

9.        What organ forms thrombocytes?

10.        How many platelets are there in one cubic millimeter?

11.        What is the difference between the plasma and serum?

5. Прочитайте текст. Выберите правильный вариант согласно содержанию текста (Read the text. Choose the right sentence):

Blood is a body fluid that transports essential elements in the body. About eight percent of the human body weight is blood. Blood has many functions, the two most important of which, is the transport of things to the tissues and the removal of wastes from the tissues. Blood transports oxygen to all the tissues of the body especially the ones in the brain. Hormones, nutrients like vitamins and minerals, and other body regulating elements are transported through the blood, too.

Blood is composed basically of red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and plasma. Nutrients,

hormones, and waste products like carbon dioxide are also found in the blood. The red blood cells called erythrocytes carry oxygen. The white blood cells or leukocytes are the soldier cells that fight infection. The platelets or thrombocytes are the smallest of the blood cells and are responsible for blood clotting. When a wound bleed, the platelets release a protein called fibrinogen which becomes fibrin. These turn into strings and weave together to form a clot and prevent more blood from spilling out of the body. In the case of hemophiliacs, whose blood do not have platelets, having a wound can be very fatal. Plasma is basically water and this supplies the fluids in the cells. It is in the plasma where the nutrients, hormones and other elements are carried. Blood composition slightly varies from person to person depending on nutrition, general well-being and the over all health of the organs. Various blood tests reveal how healthy or how sick an individual is.

1) Which of the following statements is true concerning human blood?

a) The blood of all normal humans contains red and white cells, platelets, and plasma.

b) Some human populations normally lack the ability to produce plasma.

c) Proteins are not normal components of human blood.

2) Erythrocyte is another name for a:

a) red cell b) white cell c) platelet

3) Which of the following blood components provide the major defense for our bodies against

invading bacteria and viruses?

a) red cells b) white cells c) platelets

4) The relatively clear liquid medium which carries the other cells of blood is called:

a) lipid b) antibody c) plasma

5. Which of the following are likely to increase in quantities when the body is under attack from

bacteria?

a) erythrocytes b) leukocytes c) thrombocytes

6) When blood clumps or forms visible islands in the still liquid plasma, it is called:

a) clotting b) agglutination c) none of the above

7. Antigens are:

a) found on the surface of red cells

b) kinds of red cells that identify a blood type

c) relatively large carbohydrate molecules

d) a and b

8. Most of the volume of normal human blood is composed of:

a) red cells b) hemoglobin c) plasma d) white cells

Занятия №26-27. Сердечно-сосудистая система.

Конструкции "глагол + дополнение"

1. 1. Прочитай и выучи лексический минимум к урокам. (Read and learn new words for the lessons) (Приложение 1)

2. Прочитай и переведи текст (Read and translate the text):

The Circulatory (Cardiovascular) System

The cardiovascular system includes the heart, the arteries, the veins and capillaries of the human body. The centre of the circulatory system is the heart. The human heart is a cone-shaped organ, about 5 inches long and 3 ½ inches broad. It weighs about 10 ounces in the adult male, 6 ounces in the female. It lies in the thoracic cavity, just behind the breastbone and between the lungs. The heart is a hollow muscle which is divided into four chambers. The right heart consists of an upper chamber called the atrium or the auricle and a lower chamber called the ventricle.

Between these two chambers is a one-way valve called the tricuspid valve. The left heart has two chambers, but the valve that separates its chambers are called the mitral valve. Although the heart is a unit, anatomically and functionally, it can be thought of as two isolated pumps – the «right heart» and the «left heart». The right heart receives blood from the veins and pumps it into the lungs by way of the lesser circulatory system. In the lungs the blood is supplied with oxygen. Then it moves into the left heart. From the left heart the well-oxygenated blood is pumped into a large artery called the aorta. The blood is returned to the heart by means of the veins. The walls of the capillaries are so thin that the dissolved nourishment that has come from the digestive system and the oxygen that has come from the lungs can pass through them into the tissues of the body and so nourish it, while the impurities from the tissues are taken up by the capillaries away in the blood. The capillaries form a close network all over the body, and gradually joining together and getting larger, they become veins.

A blood vessel receiving blood from the ventricle and leading it away from the heart and towards other organs is an artery («air duet» - Greek). This name was given to the early anatomists therefore had assumed that they carried air. The artery that receives the blood from the right ventricle and carries it to the lungs is the pulmonary artery. The pulmonary artery divides in two – one branch leading to the right lung, the other – to the left. The arteries continue dividing and subdividing, forming smaller and smaller vessels with thinner and thinner walls. The smallest arteries are the arterioles and these finally divide into capillaries so named because of their fineness, though actually they are much finer than hairs.

Gradually the capillaries begin to join into larger vessels. Such larger blood vessels carrying blood to the heart from the organs are the veins. The smallest of these are the venules. The particular vein into which the capillaries and venules of the lungs finally unite is the pulmonary vein. The pulmonary vein carries the freshly oxygenated blood to the left auricle. The pulmonary artery and pulmonary vein make up the pulmonary circulation. The contraction of the left ventricle forces the blood through a one-way valve into the aorta. The aorta is the largest artery in the body. It moves upward at first(the ascending aorta), but then arches over dorsally (the arch of the aorta). In its downward course, the aorta passes through the diaphragm.

The blood is a red fluid, which coagulates when escapes from a blood vessel. It consists of a colourless fluid, called plasma or serum and many millions of minute bodies, the corpuscles. They are too small to be seen by the naked eye and have given the blood its colour and substance.

3. Прочтите и переведите следующие словосочетания. (Read and translate word expressions):

Molecular weight, to put on (to gain) weight, to lose weight, systematic circulation, circulating system, poor circulation, venous pulse blood, thoracic cavity.

4. Поставьте прилагательные в следующих предложениях в сравнительную или превосходную степень. (Put the adjectives into comparative and superlative forms):

1. The veins are (large) than capillaries. 2. The aorta is the (large) artery which distributes the blood throughout the body. 3. I know the structure of the heart (good) than that of the lungs. 4. Anatomy is (different) subject for me. 5. The human heart weighs (little) than a pound.

5. Переведите следующие предложения на английский язык. (Translate into English):

1. Сердечно – сосудистая система включает сердце, артерии, вены и капилляры. 2. Кровь возвращается к сердцу по венам (посредством вен). 3. Правая и левая части сердца состоят из двух камер: предсердия и желудочка. 4. При сокращении левого желудочка кровь проталкивается в аорту. 5. Стенки капилляров такие тонкие, что питательные вещества и кислород проходит через них в ткани.

6. Найдите английские эквиваленты. (Find English equivalents):

Просто насос, кровеносные сосуды, круговое движение, известны как, у взрослых, располагаться непосредственно под кожей, где это происходит, состоит из двух камер, каждый верхний отдел, вообще нет сообщения, заставить биться искусственно, выталкивать кровь из сердца.

7. Найдите русские эквиваленты. (Find Russian equivalents):

Throughout the body, blood vessels, about 70 times a minute, immediately behind the breast bone, separated from each other, upper and lower compartments, communication, cardiac arrest, round the body, to beat artificially, pressure on the chest

8. Ответьте на вопросы. (Answer the questions):

1.        What is heart?

2.        What are tubes carrying blood called?

3.        Where can the heartbeats be felt?

4.        What does the heart consist of?

5.        What compartments is each chamber divided into?

6.        What does heart failure mean?

7.        Can the heart be made to beat artificially?

8.        When does blood return to the heart again?

GRAMMAR REVISION

Конструкции "глагол + дополнение"

1. После глаголов want, ask, help, would like, expect, mean (= intend), would prefer следует частица to ... (инфинитив). Конструкция может быть: глагол + to ...или глагол + дополнение + to ....

Example: We expected to be late. -Мы ожидали, что опоздаем. We expected Dan to be late.-

Мы ожидали, что Дэн опоздает.

2. Не используется выражение ‘want that’: Do you want me to come with you? (not:Do you want that I come)

3. После help можно использовать инфинитив как с частицей to, так и без нее.

Example: Can you help me to move this table? /Can you help me move this table?

4. Глаголы tell, remind, force, encourage, order, warn, invite, teach, get (= убедить, договориться) используются по схеме глагол + дополнение (object) + to ... :

Example: Can you remind me to phone Sam tomorrow? Можешь напомнить мне позвонить завтра Сэму?

5. Глагол suggest нельзя использовать по схеме глагол + дополнение + to ... :

Example: Jane suggested that I should ask your advice. (not:  Jane suggested me to ask)

Джейн предложила, что мне следует спросить у тебя совета.

6. После advise (советовать), recommend (рекомендовать) и allow (разрешать), возможны две конструкции: глагол + -ing (без дополнения)/ глагол + дополнение + to ...

Example: I wouldn’t advise/recommend staying in that hotel.

They don’t allow parking in front of the building.

I wouldn’t advise/recommend anybody to stay in that hotel.

They don’t allow people to park in front of the building.

7. Для глаголов make/let используется конструкция глагол + дополнение + инфинитив (без to):

Example: I made him promise that he wouldn’t tell anybody what happened. (not to promise; пообещал)/ Let me carry your bag for you. Давай я понесу сумку за тебя.

GRAMMAR EXERCISES

1. Перефразируйте предложение так, чтобы значение осталось прежним:

Пример: My father said I could use his car.

My father allowed me to use his car.

1.I was surprised that it rained.

I didn’t expect …

2. Don’t stop him doing what he wants.

Let …

3. Tim looks older when he wears glasses.

Tim’s glasses make…

4. I think you should know the truth.

I want …

5. Don’t let me forget to phone my sister.

Remind …

6. My lawyer said I shouldn’t say anything to the police.

My lawyer advised …

7. I was told that I shouldn’t believe everything he says.

I was warned …

2. Поставьте глагол в правильную форму: инфинитив (do/make/eat и т.п.), to + инфинитив, или –ing:

Пример: They don’t allow people to park in front of the building. (park)

1. I’ve never been to Iceland, but I’d like ____there. (go)

2. I’m in a difficult position. What do you advise me _____? (do)

3. The film was very sad. It made me ____ (cry)

4. Diane’s parents always encouraged her ______ hard at school. (study)

5. I don’t recommend ______in that restaurant. The food is terrible. (eat)

6. She said the letter was personal and wouldn’t let me ______it. (read)

7. We are not allowed ______ personal phone calls at work. (make)

8. ‘I don’t think Alex likes me.’ ‘What makes you ______that?’ (think)

Занятие №28. Дыхательная система.

Предлоги, передающие падежные отношения.

1. 1. Прочитай и выучи лексический минимум к уроку. (Read and learn new words for the lesson) (Приложение 1)

2. Прочитай и переведи текст (Read and translate the text):

Respiration occurs in all living things, both plants and animals. Proper functioning of this system is perhaps the single most important factor in the sustaining of life. Interruption of breathing for only a few minutes by suffocation or strangulation causes death. In the human organism, respiration consist of those processes by which the body cells and tissues make use of oxygen and by which carbon dioxide or the waste product of respiration are removed.

Inhaled air contains about 20 per cent oxygen and four hundredths of one per cent carbon dioxide. Exhaled air consists of approximately 16 per cent oxygen and 4 per cent carbon dioxide. Nitrogen, which makes up about 79 per cent of the atmosphere, is not involved in the breathing process. When air is inhaled into the lungs, a portion of the oxygen is passing into the blood and is being circulated through the body. At the same time, carbon dioxide is being diffused out of the blood into the lungs and exhaled.

Air is breathed through either the mouth or nose into the oral cavity, or pharynx. It then passes through the voice box, or larynx, into the windpipe, or trachea. The trachea ultimately divides into two smaller tubes called bronchi, one is going to each lung. The bronchi divide into tiny passage-ways that are named bronchioles, which lead directly to minute air sacs, or alveoli. The exchange of life-giving gases is effected through the walls of the alveoli. Mechanisms in the upper respiratory tract serve to filter, and warm the air in its journey to the lungs. The hairs, or cilia, in the nostrils partially filter out dust particles as does sticky secretion called mucous cells lining the mouth, nasal passages, pharynx and trachea. Cilia in the nasal passages and trachea are

effective in helping to remove foreign particles from the upper respiratory tract.

Other structures connected with the system include: the laryngeal tonsils, which are masses of tissue in the nasopharynx or posterior portions of the nasal passages (adenoids are infected or diseased laryngeal tonsils); the sinuses, cavities in the bones in the front part of the skull that provide resonance to the voice, in and the pleura, which is a double-walled membrane surrounding the lungs.

The diaphragm contracts and flattens, contributing to the extension of the vertical diameter of the thoracic cavity and raising the ribs. Air is constantly renewing in the lungs. The capacity of the air passages is increasing. Any muscular effort, e.g. even standing up, increases the number of respirations.
 3. Прочитайте и переведите данные слова (Read and translate the words):

1.to respire, respiration, expiration, inspiration, respiratory, inspiratory;

2.to produce, product, production, productive, producing;

3.to inhale, inhalation, to exhale, exhaled, exhaling;

4.breath, to breathe, breathing, breathless, breathlessness;

5.to pass, passage, passing, passage-way.

4.Ответьте на вопросы (Answer the questions):

1. What gases are involved in breathing? 2. What parts of the respiratory system does the air pass on its way to the alveoli? 3. What are the other structures connected with the system? 4. Does the diaphragm contribute to the extension of the vertical diameter of the thoracic cavity? 5. Any muscular effort increases the number of respirations, doesn't it?
5. Выберите правильное слово данное в скобках (Choose the right word in the brackets):

1. Each lung ________by a double-folded membrane, the pleura. (is surrounded, surround, surrounded).

2. The tonsils are __________in the oropharynx. (locate, location, located).

3. Numerous questions were being ___________at the lesson. (discuss, discussed, discussion).

4. The concept of respiration was ______directly upon the work of Lavoisier. (base, basing, based)

5. The total number of alveoli in the lung has been ____as 750 million. (estimated, estimates, estimate).

GRAMMAR REVISION

        Предлоги, передающие падежные отношения.

1. Падежные отношения в английском языке передаются с помощью предлогов. Предлоги выражают разнообразные отношения: пространственные, временные, причинные и т.д.

2. Именительный падеж Кто? Что?-в английском языке передается порядком слов:

Example: The student learns English.

3. Родительный падеж Кого? Чего? в английском языке передает предлог “OF” в сочетании существительным или местоимением.

Example: The book of the student is on the table.

Родительный падеж в английском языке также передается с помощью притяжательного падежа.

Example: The student’s book is on the table.

4. Дательный падеж Кому? Чему? в английском языке передает предлог “TO” в сочетании с существительным или местоимением. Обозначает лицо, к которому обращено действие.

Example: I gave a book to the student.

5. Винительный падеж Кого? Что? в английском языке передается порядком слов.

Example: The teacher sees the student.

6. Творительный падеж Кем? Чем? в английском языке передает предлог “BY” в сочетании с существительным или местоимением.

Предлог “WITH”, который в сочетании с существительным или местоимением также соответствует русскому творительному падежу, обозначая предмет с помощью которого производится действие.

Example: The article was written by the student.

The article was written with a pencil.

7. Предложный падеж О ком? О чем? в английском языке передают предлоги “ABOUT” и “OF”.

Example: We speak about the student.

I heard of the student.

GRAMMAR EXERCISES

1.Поставьте необходимые предлоги в предложения.

about     in      at       with     to        of        for       on

1.My sister will arrive … the station … 9 o’clock … the morning.

2.Look … that beautiful photo … my baby daughter.

3.I’m hungry. What’s … lunch today?

4.This is the highest mountain … the world.

5. What do you usually do … weekends?

6.We are going … the party … Saturday.

7. I bought a new pair … sunglasses … the chemist’s.

8. What do you know … Scotland?

9.The postman came … a letter … my Dad.

10.Did you speak … the boss … your salary?

11. Sam lives … home … his mother.

12.Can you help me … my drawing? - … course I can.

13.I met my future husband … a queue … the bus stop.

14.Justin is … Kristy’s house.

15. The diagram is … page 76 … the left.

2. Заполните пропуски падежными предлогами:

1.The letters were brought ___ a postman.

2.There are many people on the bank ______ the river.

3.I covered the table _____ a tablecloth.

4.He is afraid _____dogs.

5.The teacher gave «a five» _________me.

6. I read a story ________a bird.

7. «The White Fang» was written ___Jack London.

Занятие №29. Пищеварительная система.

Герундий.

1. Прочитай и выучи лексический минимум к уроку. (Read and learn new words for the lesson) (Приложение 1)

2. Прочитай и переведи текст (Read and translate the text):

The Digestive System. Part 1.

The digestive system consists of the digestive tract and digestive glands. The digestive tract is some 8-10 m long and is divided into the following parts: oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine and large intestine. The structures of the different parts of the tract have common and special features. The wall of the greater part of the digestive tract consists of three coats: internal – mucous, middle –muscular, and the external – serous. The mucous coat is lined with the epithelium outside which is a connective tissue with a thin layer of smooth muscle fibres. The mucous coat has many blood vessels, and as a result is pink in colour. The numerous small glands imbedded in this coat secrete a viscous coat of the digestive tract. It facilitates the movement of food and protects the mucous coat from being damaged by solid particles of food and various chemical substances. The mucous coat of the digestive tract begins with the esophagus, contains lymph nodules which also have a protective function.

The greater part of the muscular coat of the digestive tract consists of two layers: an internal layer with circular muscle fibres and an external layer with longitudinal muscle fibres. The wall of the pharynx and the superior part of the esophagus, and the tongue and the soft palate all contain striated muscle tissue. It is the muscular coat of the other parts of the digestive tract that consists of smooth muscle tissue. Contractions of the muscular coat move food along the digestive tract.

The serous coat that covers the digestive organs in the abdominal cavity is called the peritoneum.

The peritoneum has two layers, visceral and parietal. In the esophagus the serous layer is lacking and the outer coat is fibrous in nature. The digestive glands secrete digestive juices containing enzymes and other substances which take part in the chemical processes of digestion.

In addition to the small glands embedded in the mucous coat of the digestive tract, there are also large glands: the salivary glands, the liver and the pancreas. These glands are situated outside the digestive tract, but communicate with it through ducts. Any part of the digestive tract and the digestive glands are equipped with nerve fibers and their endings. The nerves of the digestive glands regulate the secretion of digestive juices. The nervous system not only regulates the activity of each organ, but also coordinates their activities.

The Digestive System. Part 2.

Every cell of the human body requires certain chemical nutrients in the fluids that surround it. In order to supply these nutrients, the body must break down complex foods into molecules small enough to pass through tissues, enter the blood stream or lymphatic systems, and be delivered in a soluble form to the various body cells. This break of insoluble forms is known as digestion; the passage of such substances into the blood stream or lymph is known as absorption.

The human digestive tract is a long, muscular tube (up to 25 feet in length) that begins at the mouth and ends at the anus. As we know, this tube consists of the oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, small intestine, and large intestine. Several glands, located outside the digestive tract, are also important in the digestive process.

These glands, known as accessory glands, are connected by ducts to the digestive tube. These accessory glands include the salivary glands, liver, gall-bladder and the pancreas. Each gland produces secretions that function in the digestive process, and each is therefore part of the digestive system.

The process of digestion is due to the activity of many enzymes, chemicals, and physical processes within the digestive tract. According to the area in which digestion is carried on, these digestive processes may be classified as salivary digestion, when occurring in the mouth; gastric digestion in the stomach; and intestinal digestion in the small intestine. In the large intestine (the last section of the digestive tube) no digestion takes place. Here water is absorbed, bacteria grow, and the unabsorbed solid-residue wastes of digestion collect and are excreted as feces.

The absorption means the passage of digested foods through the lining of the intestines into the blood or lymph. Practically all absorption takes place in the small intestine. A few drugs and alcohol are absorbed through the walls of the stomach, but no foods. Glucose is an exception, but it must be present in such high concentrations as to cause vomiting. Moreover, we eat very little glucose, which is formed mainly in the small intestine due to the action of the disaccharide-splitting enzymes. Therefore, absorption of food does not normally occur through the stomach walls. Water is absorbed throughout the length of the small intestine and also, as has been noted, in the ascending limb of the colon. With normal digestion, between 95 and 100 per cent of all carbohydrates, fats, and animal proteins are absorbed. Plant proteins, such as beans or peas, are protected by the plant cell membrane, so that only 60 to 70 per cent are absorbed. The remaining 30 to 40 per cent undergo bacterial decomposition in the intestine, which results in the formation of large amounts of intestinal gas. To study the pathway of food through digestive tract is very important for explanation of the process of digestion.

3. Определите орган пищеварительной системы по определению, обозначьте на рисунке (Write the name of the organ of the digestive system):

a) controls the expulsion of feces.

b) absorbs water from indigestible food.

c) are used for chewing food.

d) passes the food from pharynx to stomach

e) contains tongue, teeth and salivary glands.

f) secretes pancreatic juice containing different digestive enzymes into the small intestine.

g) produces bile for emulsification of fats.

h) muscular, hollow and dilated part of alimentary canal.

i) majority of digestion and absorption takes place here

4. Найдите в тексте ответы на следующие вопросы и прочитайте их. (Answer the questions):

1. How are nutrients supplied to the body? 2. What processes are known as digestion and absorption? 3. What do we call the parts of the digestive tube from the mouth up to the anus? 4. Is glucose absorbed from the stomach or the small intestine? 5. Water and drugs arc absorbed through the stomach walls, aren't they?

GRAMMAR REVISION

Герундий.

1. Герундий – это безличная глагольная форма, которая выражает название действия и обладает свойствами как глагола, так и существительного.

2. Образование герундия происходит путем прибавления к глаголу в начальной форме суффикса – ing.

3. Герундий может использоваться в функциях подлежащего.

Example: Reading makes people smarter. (Чтение делает людей умнее.)

4. Герундий может использоваться в функциях прямого дополнения.

Example: I avoid talking to her. (Я избегаю разговоров с ней.)

5. Герундий может выступать и в функции предложного дополнения.

Example: I’m fond of speaking different languages. (Я люблю говорить на разных языках.)

6. Герундий употребляется в составе сложных существительных:

Example: A reading-room — читальный зал        

GRAMMAR EXERCISES

1.Переведите на русский язык, подчеркните в предложениях герундий:

1. He always suggested staying here.
2. The job involves travelling to Germany once a month.
3. I proposed having party at the beach.
4. I promised to care for the cat but I’m not much good at babysitting.
5. He is capable of standing on his head and playing the saxophone.
6. You’d better start digging the garden.
7. Writing letters is more boring than phoning.
8. It is not worth helping him do this job.
9. My wife apologized for being late.
10. I’m very excited about attending tomorrow’s game.
11. She ran away without looking behind her.
12. He has a habit of smoking in the morning.
13. My sister has got a talent for learning languages.
14. I insisted on taking the dog for a walk myself.
15. She is scared of being alone at night.

2. Используйте в предложениях герундий:

1. There is no sense in … (earn) more money than you can spend.
2. Do you mind … (work) overtime?
3. Normally I enjoy … (go) out but today I’d prefer … (stay) indoors.
4. The film was really worth … (see).
5. Brent is looking forward to … (take) a short break next month.
6. She is fond of … (have) picnics.

Занятие №30. Мочевыводящая система.

1. Прочитайте текст. Составьте глоссарий (25-30 слов) (Read the text, make the glossary):

The Urinary System

The urinary system is the system which excretes the largest part of the waste products of the body. It consists of the kidneys, right and left, the ureters, a tube from each kidney which conveys the

urine to the bladder, the urethra, a tube that leads from the bladder, along which the urine is passed out of the body.

The kidneys («renes» - Latin) are placed one on each side in the lumbar region of the spine, on the posterior abdominal wall, at the level of the twelfth thoracic and first-second lumbar vertebrae. A kidney weighs about150 grams and is covered by membranes. The connective tissue membrane which directly adheres to the kidney is called the fibrous capsule. This capsule is surrounded by perirenal fat and is called the adipose capsule. The kidneys are two bean-shaped organs. The kidneys contain one million small tubes, which have to excrete products of metabolism and control the concentrations of most of the constituents of body fluids. These small tubules make up the parenchyma of the kidney. They are very fine and may be of various shape. Since dissolved wastes may be excreted by diffusion through the various cell membranes there is little evidence that such excretion occurs.

The inner margin of the kidney is known as the hilus. At the hilus the ureter which conveys urine is a tube about 30 cm long. When the ureter leaves the hilus it descends along the posterior abdominal wall into the cavity of the pelvis where it perforates the wall of the bladder and opens into its cavity. As the muscular coat of the ureter contracts it has to perform peristaltic movements

The bladder is a reservoir for urine. It is situated in the cavity of the pelvis. The bladder has three parts: the superior part or apex, the middle part or body, and the inferior part or fundus. The wall of the bladder consists of three coatings - mucous, muscular and connective tissue. The mucous membrane of the bladder forms numerous folds. If the bladder fills, the folds of the mucous coat will straighten out. The muscular coat consists of three layers of smooth muscles which are able to extend in different directions. It should be known that the capacity of the bladder of an adult is about 350-500 ml.

2. Прочтите и переведите следующие слова (Read and translate the words):

1. excrete, secrete, excretion, secretion, excretory, secretory;

2. urine, urinary, urethra, ureter, urea;

3. pelvis, pelvic;

4. number, to number, numerous, numberless.

3. Дополните предложения словами из текстов (Complete the sentences):

1. The substances are filtered out from the body in the form of … .

2. Urine is used to … excess minerals or vitamins as well as blood … from the body.

3. The Urinary system works with the other systems of the body to help maintain … .

4. Соотнесите слова в обеих колонках и переведите словосочетания. (Mach the words):

5. Назовите и выпишите органы мочевыделительной системы (Write the organs of urinary system).

6. Определите название органа мочевыделительной системы по определению (Write the name of the organ):

1) comes from Aorta and are for supplying the kidneys with blood.

2) comes from urinary bladder and exit urine out of human body.

3) filter and regulate nitrogenous wastes, salt concentrations and body water.

4) goes into Inferior Vena Cava and are for taking blood away from the kidneys.

5) is the reservoir for urine.

6) goes into urinary bladder and are for carrying urine away from the kidneys to the urinary bladder.

7. Найдите в тексте ответы на следующие вопросы (Answer the questions):

1. What are the parts of the urinary system? 2. Where are the kidneys placed? 3. What are the functions of the fine tubes which make up the parenchyma of the kidney? 4. What route does the ureter pass?

8. Расскажите о мочевыводящей системе. Составьте 10 предложений с опорой на текст (Make 10 sentences according to the text).

Занятие №31. Нервная система. Органы чувств.

1. Прочитай и выучи лексический минимум к уроку. (Read and learn new words for the lesson) (Приложение 1)

2. Прочитай и переведи текст (Read and translate the text):

The Nervous System

The central nervous system (CNS) coordinates the functioning of all parts of the human body and is the largest part of the nervous system. It is enveloped by a set of membranes known as meninges that protect the brain and the spinal cord. They also have their own protective covers. The skull protects the brain. The brainis the center of the human nervous system and is a highly complex organ. The brain is made up of three parts: the brain stem, the cerebrum and the cerebellum. The cerebrum is associated with information storage and processing. The cerebellum is responsible for balance, posture and coordination of movements. And the brain stem plays a vital role in controlling breathing and heart rate along with some other important body processes. Along with the skull, the brain is also protected by the cerebrospinal fluid in which it is suspended. It’s strange yet true that the brain floats in a fluid.

The spinal cord is a long tubular structure composed of nervous tissue and support cells. It is around 45 cm long in men and 43 cm long in women. It extends from the brain up to the space between the first and the second lumbar vertebrae. It transmits neural signals between the brain and other body parts. It is the spinal cord which connects the brain and the peripheral nervous system. It consists of about 13,500,000 neurons.

The peripheral nervous system (PNS) can be divided into two parts: thesomatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system. The somatic nervous system is responsible for bodily activities that are under conscious control. For example, controlling body movement and receiving external stimuli. The autonomic nervous system is further divided into sympathetic, parasympathetic and enteric nervous systems. The sympathetic nervous system governs the bodily responses to impending dangers, while the parasympathetic system is responsible for bodily actions that help in relaxation of body organs that are hyperactive. The enteric nervous system specifically manages the functioning of the digestive system.

Neuron can be considered as the basic unit of the nervous system, which processes and transmits

information by means of electrochemical signals. Sensory neurons respond to external stimuli that affect the sensory organ cells. Motor neurons, on receiving signals from the central nervous system, bring about responses at the target organs. Interneurons act as the connectors between neurons. Neurons are of different shapes and sizes and their complex interconnections add to the complexity of the nervous system. The human brain contains 86.1 billion neurons.

3. Найдите английские эквиваленты (Find English equivalents):

Нервная система состоит из; центральная нервная система; периферическая нервная система; вести себя как человек; достигать всех частей тела; защищать от повреждений; получать информацию (сообщения) от кожи; электрический импульс.

4. Найдите русские эквиваленты (Find Russian equivalents):

It sends, receives, and processes nerve impulses; to respond to the environment; to keep the body in order; brain communicates with the rest of the body; nerves divide many times; tunnel of holes in backbone or spine; thick bundle of nerves.

5. Переведите слова и словосочетания на английский язык, используя ранее прочитанные тексты (Translate words and word expressions):

Центральная нервная система, периферическая нервная система, спинной мозг, ствол мозга,

головной мозг, мозжечок, орган, контролировать, жидкость, длинная трубчатая структура,

состоять из, первый и второй поясничный позвонок, жизненно важная роль, спинномозговая жидкость, нейрон, сплетение, нервные клетки, контролировать, зависеть от, релаксация органов тела, сенсорные нейроны, снабжать кислородом и питательными веществами, различные формы и размеры, плечевое сплетение, поясничное сплетение

6. Ответьте на вопросы. (Answer the questions):

1.        What is the function of brain?

2.        How does the brain communicate with the rest of the body?

3.        What senses do you know?

4.        What is neuron?

5.        What is the function of neuron?

7. Составьте краткое сообщение о нервной системе человека.

Тема 5: «Здравоохранение в России, США, Великобритании»

Занятия № 33-34. Здравоохранение в России.

1. Прочитай и выучи лексический минимум к урокам. (Read and learn new words for the lessons) (Приложение 1)

2. Прочитай и переведи текст (Read and translate the text):

Health Care in Russia

The main attention of health service in Russia is paid to prophylaxis. One of the most important tasks in the fight against different diseases is the early detection of the first signs of the disease. We pay much attention to the popularization of medical science among the population. We believe that one of the main available methods of preventing the spread of disease is health education. The press, cinema, radio and television are very helpful for this purpose.

The basic medical unit in our country is the polyclinic. We have policlinics for adult population and for children. Ambulant patients are seen at the policlinic by the district doctors. A patient who is ill at home is visited by his district doctor. The doctor works 6 hours a day. For the district doctor this is made up of 3 hours in consultation at the policlinic and 3 hours in visiting patients in their homes.

The emergency ambulance service operates day and night and is free of charge. The ambulances are equipped by diagnostic, respiratory, anaesthetic and electro-therapeutic apparatus, blood-transfusion and other equipment.

There are several specialized hospitals in Russia for the treatment of particular diseases – infections, psychiatric diseases, cancer, ophthalmological diseases and others. Some words must be said about the Mother – and Child Health Care Centre in Moscow. This centre concentrates effort not only on traditional problems of obstetrics and gynecology but also on research in normal physiology of the female organism. The main task of this centre is to ensure the birth of a healthy child. The centre developed new methods of disease prevention, diagnostics and treatment. Much attention in our country is paid to the scientific problems, concerning the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular, viral and oncological diseases, the problem of gerontology, medical genetics, immunology and creation of artificial organs.

3. Переведите следующие слова и выражения на английский зык (Translate following words and word combinations):                                            

Ранняя диагностика, признаки болезни, популяризация науки, основые методы, распространение болезней, санитарное просвещение, медсанчасть, участковый врач, служба скорой помощи, бесплатно, переливание крови, психиатрические болезни, центр матери и ребенка, акушерство и гинекология, здоровый ребенок, профилактика заболеваний, большое внимание, вирусные заболевания, наука о старости, медицинская генетика, создание искусственных органов.

4. Ответьте на вопросы (Answer the questions):

1. What is the main attention of health service in Russia paid to?

2. What is one of the most important tasks in the fight against different diseases?

3. What is helpful in health education?

4. Is the polyclinic the basic medical unit in our country?

5. How many hours does the doctor work?

6. Is the emergency ambulance service free of charge?

7. What can you say about the equipment of the emergency ambulance service?

8. Are there many specialized hospitals in Russia?

9. What are the problems, studied by the Mother-and-Child Health Care Centre in Moscow?

10. Is much attention in our country paid to the scientific problems?

5. Дополните предложения (Fill these sentences with necessary information):

1. Mother – and Child Health Care Centre in Moscow concentrates effort not only on ……..

2. Health education is the main available ………

3. In Russia the main attention of health service is …….

4. The emergency  ………    charge.

5. Much attention is paid to the popularization ……

6. Several  ……….. are in Russia

7. The most important task in the fight against different diseases is ……..

8. These specialized hospitals are for  ………….. diseases

9. The main task of the Mother – and Child Health Care Centre is ……….

10. The press ………for this purpose.

6. Соедините слова и их значения (Match the word combinations):

 7. Прочитайте и переведите текст (Read and translate the text):

In case of a medical emergency, dial 112 and ask for the ambulance service. The previous emergency number to call for an ambulance (03) does still work, but is gradually being phased out. No English is spoken on these lines, so it is best to make the call with a Russian speaker to explain the problem and the exact location.

Ambulances come with a doctor and, depending on the case, immediate first aid treatment may be provided. Compared to Western standards, the service lacks a little in terms of speed and equipment, but doctors are well trained. If necessary, the patient is taken to the nearest emergency room or hospital or to a private hospital if the holder’s insurance policy requires it.

Major cities all have specialized hospitals for free emergency care available to everyone, irrespective of the place of residence or registration. In case of emergency, anyone admitted can receive initial medical care for free until out of immediate danger. After this, if further medical attention is needed, it is provided for a fee. Some private institutions have their own ambulance service. This should be checked when an insurance policy is signed up.

8. Переведите предложения на английский язык (Translate into English):

1. Раннее выявление первых признаков заболевания - одна из наиболее важных задач в борьбе с различными заболеваниями.

2. Основное внимание уделяется профилактике.

3. Одним из основных доступных методов предотвращения распространения заболевания является санитарное просвещение.

4. В России есть клиники, как для взрослых, так и для детей.

5. Пациентов в поликлинике наблюдают районные врачи.

6. На дому пациента посещает участковый врач.

7. Служба скорой помощи работает круглосуточно, и бесплатно.

8. Есть несколько специализированных больниц в России для лечения заболеваний - инфекции, психические заболевания, рак, офтальмологические заболевания и другие.

9. Машины скорой помощи оснащены разным специализированным оборудованием.

10. Большое внимание в нашей стране уделяется научным проблемам, касающихся вирусных и онкологических заболеваний, медицинской генетики, иммунологии и создание искусственных органов.

9. Прочитай и переведи текст (Read and translate the text):

The National Project “HEALTH”

Leaders of the Federal Assembly and the Presidium of the State Council of the Russian Federation, the Russian Ministry of Health and Social Development and the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-being developed the National Priority Project in Public Health.

The project aims to:

•        Decrease mortality, disability and morbidity;

•        Make medical care more accessible for the population and improve the quality of care;

•        Develop a prevention-oriented health care system;

•        Increase the role of primary health care (including general practitioners, pediatricians, and other specialists);

•        Create conditions to expand out-patient medical services;

•        Increase hi-tech medical care to satisfy the population’s demand.

The implementation period for the project is 2006-2008.

The following outcomes of the project are expected:

•        Decreased mortality and disability rates among the population of the Russian Federation by ensuring higher accessibility and higher quality of the provided medical care;

•        Satisfy the demand of the Russian Federation population for free high-tech medical services;

•        Improved living standards for patients who need hi-tech medical care (minimize waiting period to get treatment, maintain ability to work on a permanent or temporary basis);

•        Solve social problems in terms of providing medical care to those who need social support from the state;

•        Decreased economic losses by recovering the labour forces and decreased material losses for disability payments and sick benefits.

Objectives and priorities of the project. Specific objectives of the project include:

•        Primary health care development (financial compensations, training and retraining of medical workers, equipping health care settings with diagnostic equipment):

•        Prevention (population immunization within the national vaccination program, detection and treatment of people with HIV infection, hepatitis B and hepatitis C, medical examination of new-born children, clinical examination of the working population);

•        Provision of hi-tech medical care.

10. Найдите английские эквиваленты. (Find English equivalents):

финансовые компенсации, переобучение медицинских работников, диагностическое оборудование, высокое качество, уменьшить смертность, врач общей практики

11. Найдите русские эквиваленты (Find Russian equivalents):

out-patient medical services, population’s demand, higher accessibility, living standards, social support, sick benefits

12. Ответьте на вопросы (Answer the questions):        

1.        Who developed the National Priority Project in Public Health?

2.        What is the implementation period for the project?

3.        How they intend to improve living standards for patients who need hi-tech medical care?

4.        How they intend to decrease economic losses?

5.        How they intend to develop primary health care?

Занятие №35. Медицинское обслуживание в США.

1. Прочитай и переведи текст (Read and translate the text):

HEALTH CARE IN THE USA

Health care system in the USA exists on three levels: the level of the family doctor, the medical institution or hospital and the United States Public Health Service. Not many Americans seek medical help from private doctors.

A private doctor, they call him a family doctor, gives his patients regular examinations and inoculations. In case professional care is needed, the family doctor arranges for the patient to see a specialist or to go to a hospital. The family doctors´ receives pay directly from the patient. Most physicians have private practices. They make use of the hospital`s facilities whenever necessary. A family doctor either has his own private office or works with several other doctors in a so-called group practice.

Many Americans have no family doctor and they come directly to the hospital for all their medical needs. The hospital provides health care to the sick and injured. They have government-financed and private hospitals. The patients are admitted to hospitals or clinics staffed by consulting physicians, residents, interns and highly skilled nurses. The nursing staff is very important. Nurses and patients are in close contact throughout the patients` stay in the hospital. Social services are available to the patients and families regarding personal, emotional, and financial problems that may arise from continued illness or disabilities.

Most hospitals have the following major departments or units: surgery, obstetrics and gynecology, pediatrics and general medicine. They may also have trauma and intensive care units, neurosurgical and renal care units, and a psychiatric unit. The emergency room (unit) is a very special area in the hospital. The emergency patients receive immediate attention.

The cost of medical care in country is very high. Two thirds of the population has private health insurance. Some people have health insurance, life insurance (financial assistance for the relatives in case of death), disability insurance and retirement benefits at their place of employment. Most employees and their families now pay more than 50 per cent of the costs of health insurance. The great cost of medical care in the country and a lot of people who could not pay for it forced the federal government to develop two health insurance programs – Medicaid and Medicare.

Medicaid, started in 1966, is a federal program providing free medical care for low-income people, the aged, the blind and for dependent children. Medicare, started in 1967, is a health insurance program for the elderly and disabled. It provides free medical care aged Americans over 65, for those who in the past had the greatest medical expenses.

The chief scientific problems facing USA medicine are: heart disease and cancer. The chief causes of suffering and death today are cancer and cardiovascular disease, including hypertension, stroke and atherosclerosis. Also much medical research is done on illnesses of aging, disabilities caused by arthritis, mental illness, drug addiction, and genetic problems.

2. Найдите английские эквиваленты (Find English equivalents):

Здравоохранение; нуждаются в медицинской помощи; больницы, финансируемые государством; урологическое отделение; пособие по инвалидности; люди с низкими доходами; престарелые; бесплатная медицинская помощь; заболевания сердца; генетические проблемы.

3. Найдите русские эквиваленты (Find Russian equivalents):

To give regular examinations and inoculations; to arrange; to receive pay directly from the patient; private practices; the hospitals facilities; provides health care; highly skilled nurses; are in close contact; social services; emergency patients; health insurance; scientific problems.

4. Ответьте на вопросы (Answer the questions):

1. What kinds of hospitals are there in the USA?

2. What duties does a private doctor have?

3. Who works at the American hospitals?

4. Do social services help people at the hospitals?

5. Do nurses work in close contact with patients?

6. What are the departments of hospitals?

7. Is the cost of medical care high in the USA?

8. Are there people who can’t pay for medical care?

9. What are Medicaid and Medicare?

10. What are the main problems of medical science in the USA?

Занятие №36.  Медицинское обслуживание в Великобритании.

1. Прочитай и переведи текст (Read and translate the text):

HEALTH CARE IN GREAT BRITAIN

In Great Britain the National Health Service (NHS) provides free medical care both in hospitals and in the out-patient clinic. Free emergency medical treatment is given to any visitor from abroad who becomes ill while staying in the country. But those who come to England specifically for treatment must pay for it.

The general practitioner services include the family doctor service, the dental service, the pharmaceutical service and the ophthalmic service. If a patient is dissatisfied with NHS or family doctor, or a dentist, he may change to another one.  In fact, 97% of the population uses the NHS. It is necessary to say about the role of the family doctor (General Practitioner – GP), which is very important. As a rule, not all patients need highly specialized attention and GP does 90% or so of the total medical work. Family doctors work in close cooperation with the hospital doctors.

A patient in England may choose between NHS or private treatment. Many people who have enough money prefer to be private patients because they want to establish a closer relationship with the doctor and they do not want to be put in a large ward with other patients.

In big cities there are some private hospitals which people may use.

There are many small hospitals with only about 200 beds in Great Britain. Most of them are housed in inconvenient buildings because they are over 100 years. They are not economical and cannot provide a full range of service which requires a district hospital of 800 beds or more. Now there are more than 150 big health centers in the UK.  The first Scottish health center was opened in Edinburgh in 1953. Health centers are institutions where various medical services both preventive and curative are brought together.

Health centers provide all the special diagnostic and therapeutic services family doctors may need, such as electrocardiography, X-ray, physiotherapy and good administrative and medical records systems. Health centers are the basis of primary care. They provide consultant services in general medicine, ear-nose-throat diseases , obstetrics and surgery, gynecology, ophthalmology, psychiatry and orthopedics. All consultations in the center are by appointment only. The patient is given a definite time at which to attend. Each doctor decides for himself how many patients he can examine in one hour.

The patient is the most important person in the health center and the doctors should direct all their energy towards helping him as much as possible.

2. Найдите английские эквиваленты (Find English equivalents):

Национальная система здравоохранения; оказывается; население; как правило; нуждаться; работают в тесном сотрудничестве; индивидуальное лечение; быть помещенным; помещены, центр здоровья; рентгенологическое обследование; электрокардиограмма; основа; хирургия; только по назначению; определенное время; за час.

3. Найдите русские эквиваленты (Find Russian equivalents):

Our-patient clinic; free medical care; may change; highly specialized attention; to provide; a full range of service; are housed; preventive and curative; by appointment; a definite time; towards.

4. Ответьте на вопросы (Answer the questions):

1. Where does the NHS provide free medical care in Great Britain?

2. How do doctors help foreign visitors and citizens of the country?

3. What do the general practitioner services include?

4. Is GP´s role important in GB? Why?

5. Why was it necessary to build new and big hospitals in Great Britain?

6. Health centers provide all special diagnostic and therapeutic services family doctors may need, don’t they?

7. Can a patient come to the center without appointment?

8. Should doctors do their best to help patients as much as possible?

Приложение 1

Глоссарий (Glossary)

Занятия № 20- 21. Строение человеческого тела

Занятия № 22-25. Кровь.  

Занятия №26-27. Сердечно-сосудистая система.

Занятие №28. Дыхательная система.

Занятие №29. Пищеварительная система.

Тема 5: «Здравоохранение в России, США, Великобритании»

Занятия №33-36

Приложение 2

1. Степени сравнения прилагательных

1.Исключения:

2.Двойные степени сравнения прилагательных:

2. Предлоги, передающие падежные отношения.

Проекты (The Projects)

1. Тема проекта №1 «Мини-атлас Анатомия»

Рекомендации по выполнению проекта:

Виды проекта:

1. Информационный проект направлен на сбор информации о каких-либо объектах с целью ее анализа и представления широкой аудитории.

2. Творческий проект предполагает максимально свободный и нетрадиционный подход к оформлению результатов.

Этапы работы над проектом:

1.Определение проблемы. Разделение на группы/пары.

2. Определение целей и задач.

3.Практический этап. Сбор и анализ информации по теме проекта.

4. Оформление результатов. Создание презентаций, сообщений, публикаций.

5. Презентация результатов.

6. Подведение итогов. Представление мини-атласа.

2. Тема проекта №2 «Кровь. Анализы крови»

Виды проекта:

1. Исследовательский проект по структуре является небольшим научным исследованием, включает в себя выдвижении гипотезы с последующей ее проверкой, обсуждение полученных результатов.

2. Информационный проект направлен на сбор информации о каких-либо объектах с целью ее анализа и представления широкой аудитории.

Этапы работы над проектом:

1.Определение проблемы. Разделение на группы/пары.

2. Определение целей и задач.

3.Практический этап. Сбор и анализ информации по теме проекта.

4. Оформление результатов. Создание презентаций, сообщений, публикаций.

5. Презентация результатов.

6. Подведение итогов. Представление презентации.

3. Тема проекта №3 «Сравнительная характеристика систем здравоохранения России/Великобритании/США»

Виды проекта:

1. Исследовательский проект по структуре является небольшим научным исследованием, включает в себя выдвижении гипотезы с последующей ее проверкой, обсуждение полученных результатов.

2. Информационный проект направлен на сбор информации о каких-либо объектах с целью ее анализа и представления широкой аудитории.

Этапы работы над проектом:

1.Определение проблемы. Разделение на группы/пары.

2. Определение целей и задач.

3.Практический этап. Сбор и анализ информации по теме проекта.

4. Оформление результатов. Создание презентаций, сообщений, публикаций.

5. Презентация результатов.

6. Подведение итогов. Представление презентации.

Департамент образования и науки Тюменской области

Государственное автономное профессиональное

образовательное учреждение

Тюменской области «Тюменский медицинский колледж»

(ГАПОУ ТО «Тюменский медицинский колледж»)

ВТОРУШИНА ЮЛИЯ АЛЕКСАНДРОВНА

ОГСЭ.03 ИНОСТРАННЫЙ ЯЗЫК

В ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ

УЧЕБНОЕ ПОСОБИЕ

для обучающихся 1 курса

очной формы обучения специальности:

33.02.01 Фармация

Тюмень, 2023

        Вторушина Ю.А. Учебное пособие для студентов 1 курса очной формы обучения специальности 33.02.01 Фармация раздел 2.3. «Первая медицинская помощь» по темам: «Первая медицинская помощь - «Ушибы», «Кровотечения, раны», «Переломы, ожоги» – Тюмень,2023. –  20 с.

Рецензент: Виношкина Т.В., преподаватель высшей категории ГАПОУ ТО «Тюменский медицинский колледж».

Учебное пособие предназначено для обучающихся 1 курса очной формы обучения специальности 33.02.01 Фармация. Пособие содержит теоретический и практический материал по учебной дисциплине в полном соответствии с рабочей программой. Оно включает английскую терминологию, тексты, грамматические минимумы, лексико-грамматические упражнения, а также содержит материалы для подготовки проектных работ.

Пояснительная записка

Данное учебное пособие предназначено для студентов первого курса медицинского колледжа специальности «Фармация».

Задача данного пособия — научить студентов- медиков навыкам разговорной речи, связанной с профессиональной деятельностью в области медицины. Основной целью учебного пособия, в соответствии с новыми государственными образовательными стандартами и действующей рабочей программой по дисциплине, является формирование иноязычной коммуникативной компетенции специалиста-медика, позволяющей использовать иностранный язык как средство профессионального и межличностного общения.

        Структура и содержание пособия ориентированы на взаимосвязанное решение коммуникативных, познавательных, развивающих и воспитательных задач и формирование у студентов- медиков профессиональной иноязычной коммуникативной компетенции.

Структурной единицей учебного пособия является тема, состоящая: — из текста, который включает основную смысловую информацию урока, комплекса послетекстовых упражнений, направленных на развитие навыков разговорной речи (составление монологического и диалогического высказывания по изучаемой теме, формирование умений выразить свое собственное отношение к обсуждаемой проблеме); — грамматических заданий по теме рабочей программы.

Настоящее учебно пособие предназначено для обучения английскому языку студентов как под руководством преподавателя, так и для самостоятельной работы.

Медицинские профессии — что может быть важнее?

Содержание

Bruises. (Ушибы.)

1. Read the text, make a glossary 25-30 words (Прочитайте текст, составьте словарь 25-30 слов):

        A bruise is a closed injury to tissues without violating their integrity. Contusion refers to injuries of minor and moderate severity and, as a rule, in such cases, first aid is sufficient, although there may be exceptions. Thus, severe injuries to the head (brain), internal organs, eyes, spine, chest and abdomen can pose a health hazard.

        There is one difficulty - immediately after a bruise, especially a severe one, it is not always possible to quickly and correctly determine the severity of the injury. What at first seemed like a bruise may be a fracture or fracture of a bone, or a rupture of internal organs, or a concussion. That is why first aid for bruises must be provided correctly, and in any doubtful cases it is necessary to seek medical help at the emergency room or trauma department of the nearest hospital.

        The first and main signs of a bruise are pain and swelling in the injured area. The pain is intense, but short-term, however, as the edema increases, the painful sensations resume and intensify, which is explained by the compression of the nerve endings. The pain from a bruise can be very long - we are talking about weeks, and sometimes months, depending on the anatomical location of the injured area of the body.

        A common consequence of a bruise is the appearance of a hematoma - a subcutaneous hemorrhage resulting from a ruptured blood vessel. A hematoma should not always be regarded as a harmless bruise - hematomas of the brain and internal organs can be extremely dangerous, the situation is aggravated by the fact that their quick diagnosis is not always possible.

        Late signs of bruising include restriction or dysfunction of the affected area of the body. So, with a severe injury of the joint, movement in it is often limited or becomes completely impossible, with a bruise of the eyes, the victims often note a decrease in vision, etc.

        First aid for injury is not difficult - you need to apply cold to the affected area and immobilize it for a while. Cold will help reduce swelling, and therefore pain, it should be applied as soon as possible. The classic first aid tool in this case is an ice pack (ice packs are sold in pharmacies). If this is not at hand, it can be successfully replaced with any other cold object, for example, a bottle of water from the refrigerator, a bag of frozen vegetables, a towel dipped in cold water, etc.

        It would be useful to apply a pressure bandage. Its purpose is also to prevent edema and reduce possible hematoma.

        In the case of intense pain, it is permissible to take an anesthetic, but this can be done only when there is absolute confidence that the injury that occurred is a bruise and nothing else.         In all other cases, you should refrain from taking analgesics until a medical examination, otherwise the symptoms can be distorted - the injury will seem easier than it really is.

        If there is no certainty that it was a bruise that has occurred, it is necessary to seek medical help from an emergency room or hospital, since it is highly likely that an X-ray will be require.

2. Find English equivalents in the text (Найдите эквиваленты русских слов в тексте):

Сложность перелома, первая помощь при ушибах, нервные окончания, внутренние органы, разрыв внутренних органов, разрыв кровеносных сосудов, риск для здоровья, болезненные ощущения.

3. Complete the sentences (Дополните предложения):

1. Hematomas of the _________ can be extremely dangerous.
2. The pain from a bruise can be _________.
3. First aid for bruises must be provided ______________.
4. Late signs of bruising include _____________ of the affected area of the body.
5. The classic first aid tool in this case is an _______.

4. Read the first aid rules by bruises (Прочитайте правила оказания первой медицинской помощи при ушибах):

Features of first aid for bruises of various localization

        Depending on where the injured site is located, first aid may vary somewhat.

        In case of a bruised eyeball, before applying cold, it is necessary to apply a sterile (or at least simply clean) bandage to the eye and immediately transport the victim to the hospital. The bruised eye quickly swells and closes, and only a specialist can diagnose it, having accurately determined the nature and severity of the injury. If the injury is severe, the sooner specialized care is provided, the more likely it is to preserve all eye functions.

        First aid for a head injury should include express diagnostics for a possible concussion.

The loss of consciousness that has occurred after a bruise, even a short-term one, is a reliable sign of a concussion, but if the loss of consciousness did not occur, this does not mean that everything worked out. The following symptoms may indicate a concussion:

• Nausea and / or vomiting soon after the injury has occurred
• Headache, dizziness, tinnitus;
• Pain with eye movement;
• Pallor of the skin, sweating, hot flushes (feeling of heat in the head, limbs);
• Disorientation in space;
• Inhibition of reactions, answers out of place, difficulty concentrating;
• Temperature rise.

        There is a simple test that can quickly and effectively determine if a concussion is present: ask the victim to follow your finger as you move in front of their face. If there is no concussion, the eyes will move smoothly; if there is, there will be movement disorders (twitching, interruption, etc.).

        Concussion requires medical attention. In this case, until the arrival of the doctor or the delivery of the victim to the hospital (emergency room), he should not be left alone, as the condition may worsen at any time.

        In case of severe bruises of the spine, chest and abdominal cavity, it is necessary to seek medical help if any deviation in the state of health appears after the injury: impaired motor or sensory function, faintness, weakness, cold sweat, fainting, shortness of breath, shortness of breath, etc.

5. Give your advice (Дайте совет):

1. The boy has fallen. His knee hurts very much. I think he should …

2. I have a scratch. I think you should …

3. The sportsman has a very bad bruise. I think he must …

6.Continue the sentences (Продолжите предложения):

1. If you fall on the knee …

2. The bruised place looks …

3. If there is a scratch you should …

4. If the bruise hurts very much you should …

5. If the bruise is very bad you should …

7. Describe your last experience of providing first aid by bruises (Опишите свой опыт оказания первой медицинской помощи при ушибах)

8. Watch the video and answer the questions (Просмотрите видео и ответьте на вопросы):

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RQbcB144wYM

1.How can we reduce the bruising?

2. How long should you apply the ice pack on the bruise?

3. What should you do to treat the bruise?

Bleeding. Wounds. (Кровотечения, раны.)

1. Take a guess… (Ответьте на вопросы):

2. Complete the chart (Дополните пропуски):

Blood is basically made up from 4 different things:

➤ Plasma – _________%. This is a liquid in the blood which helps to

carry everything along.

➤ Red blood cells – _________ %. These carry oxygen for your body to use.

➤ Platelets – ________%. These help your blood to clot which will stop you from bleeding.

➤ White blood cells – ___________%. These help us to fight infection. (% are approximate)

3. Label these different types of wounds (Соедините картинки и типы ран)

• Abrasion (graze)
• Incised wound (caused by a sharp edge e.g. razor)
• Laceration (blunt or ripping)
• Puncture (e.g. standing on a nail)
• Stab wound (deep incision usually caused by a knife)
• Contusion (bruise)

4. Read the text and answer the questions (Прочитайте текст и ответьте на вопросы):

Bleeding

Bleeding is the name commonly used to describe blood loss. Bleeding can take many forms and be anything from simple to being extremely serious and life-threatening, and the treatment for bleeding will depend on what is bleeding and how much bleeding is happening. Bleeding can be internal or external. First aid also depends on personal factors; especially medications the bleeder is taking. A first aid kit should be in every home and car for emergency situations. If the wound is severe, the person should be taken to the hospital for further care, but until then, there are some simple first aid steps that should be taken. Antiseptics are important cleaning tools that reduce the risk of infections in open wounds. Small bandages for bandage cuts and long rolls should also be available in all first aid kits to close the wound immediately and protect it.

Different types of bleeding

There are three main types of bleeding. In preparing yourself to identify and treat different types of bleeding, you must first have a good understanding of the three distinct types of bleeding that a person can experience.

Capillary Bleeding

Capillaries are the smallest blood vessels in your body; they are about as thin as the hairs on your head. When a minor scrape or cut opens some capillaries, the bleeding is almost always very slow and small in quantity. Your body's natural clotting mechanism is able to stop most cases of capillary bleeding within seconds to minutes.

Venous Bleeding

Deep cuts have the potential to cut open veins. A cut vein typically results in a steady but relatively slow flow of dark red blood. The best way to stop most cases of venous bleeding is to put direct pressure on the wound.

Arterial Bleeding

This is the least common and most dangerous type of bleeding. It involves bright red blood that comes out in large volume, and in spurts that correspond with each beat of your heart. In most cases of arterial bleeding, direct and extremely firm pressure on the wound is the best way of stopping it. If direct pressure is not applied, a severe arterial wound can cause you to death within a few minutes.

Answer the following questions.

1. What is bleeding?

2. How many forms of bleedings may occur in the person?

3. What are important cleaning tools that reduce the risk of infections in open

wounds?

4. What should you do if the wound is severe?

5. What should also be available in all first aid kits to close the wound immediately

and protect it?

6. How many types of bleeding do you know?

7. What is a capillary?

8. What is the most dangerous type of bleeding?

5. Match the parts of the sentences and write down the text (Соедините части предложений и запишите текст):

Fractures. Burns (Переломы, ожоги.)

1. Match each word on the left with the correct translation on the right (Соедините слова из левого столбика с их значением):

2. Do the crossword puzzle. Find 8-10 words on the topic. Write them down. (Кроссворд. Найдите 8-10 слов и запишите их):

1………………

2………………

3………………

4……………

5………………

6………………

7……………….

8………………

9………………

10……………

3. Read the text about fractures. Translate the text. (Прочитайте текст о переломах. Переведите текст).

Fractures

Traumas of the extremities may occur frequently. There are different types of such traumas, in particular, closed and open. Closed traumas are usually caused by a fracture or a displacement of the bone with no apparent injury on the surface of the skin. Open traumas occur when a fragment of the bone breaks through the surrounding tissues and surface of the skin; the bone can thus be seen.

Signs and Symptoms:

• Pain
• Deformity at the injury site
• Decreased mobility, sensitivity and muscle strength
• Variation in the colour and temperature of the limb
• Presence or absence of an open wound
• Edema (swelling or puffiness of the limb)
• Numbness of the limb.

When these signs and symptoms are present, the injury should always be treated as a fracture or displacement. All traumas of the extremities must be treated with care, as improper handling can have serious consequences. A fracture can cause injuries to the blood vessels and nerves. An open wound can also become infected. The first aider must follow certain basic principles when stabilizing the injury. It is recommended that the injured limb be stabilized in the position in which it was found to prevent any movement that could aggravate the injury. The first aider must not apply traction or try to reposition the limb. If the casualty must be moved, the injured limb must be completely immobilized beforehand so as to reduce pain and again, to avoid aggravating the injury. The colour, heat and feelings of numbness in the extremities must be verified before and after immobilization. The bandages used to secure the bone splint must never be tied over the injury site or a joint, as this could hinder circulation, increase pain and aggravate the injury. The joints above and below the injury must also be immobilized. An open wound must be protected with a dry non-pressure dressing.

4. Answer the following questions (Ответьте на вопросы):

1. How may traumas of the extremities occur?

2. What types of fractures do you know?

3. What are the signs and symptoms?

4. How should you treat a fracture?

5. What can a fracture cause?

6. What must the first aider follow?

7. How must an open wound be protected?

5. Read and translate the dialogue (Прочитайте диалог по ролям и переведите):

Student1: Sorry. May I come in?

Teacher: Yes, you may. Why are you late today?

Student 1: I fell down and suddenly I felt a severe pain in my arm.

Student 2: Let me help you. I’ll accompany you to your place.

Teacher: Does your arm hurt you?

Student1: Yes it does. It hurts me very much.

Student 3: Let’s look, what an injury it is: a fracture or a bruise.

Student 4: What is it a bruise or a fracture?

Student 3: I think it is a fracture. It is not like a bruise.

Student 5: What kind of fracture is it: an open or a closed one?

Student 3: It is an open fracture. I see a wound on the skin of her arm.

Student 6: May be we’ll give first aid ourselves. We are future nurses. Not so long ago we had a surgical practice.

Student 3: But I suggest calling our paramedic. It will be safer.

Student 7: I’ll look for her. I haven’t found her. She is out.

Teacher: In such case we must call an ambulance.

Student 2: Is it an Emergency Department?

Ambulance person: Yes, it is. The Emergency Department is hearing. What is your problem?

Student 2: We have an injured person, a student of our group.

Ambulance person: What is patient’s name?

Student 2: Her name is Galina Sokolova.

Ambulance person: How old is she?

Student 2: She is 17 years old.

Ambulance person: What is your address?

Student 2: Оur address is Alekseev Street, Kurgan Basic Medical College.

Ambulance person: Wait, we’ll come soon.

Doctor: Where is the patient? Let me look, please. It is a fracture. Prepare a splint and a bandage. I’ll put a splint. Give an injection of local anesthesia.

Nurse: Galina, we will transport you to the hospital. You should consult a surgeon.

6. Make up your own dialogue “At the Surgeon” using all the learned material. (Составьте диалог «У хирурга» используя изученный материал).

7. Read the text about types of burns. Translate the text. (Прочитайте текст о типах ожогов. Переведите текст).

Burns

A burn is damage to the skin or underlying tissue usually caused by heat, but also by chemicals, electricity, or radiation such as with sunburn. There are 3 levels of severity: first, second, and third.

First Degree Burns

A first degree burn damages only the top layer of skin. The skin is red, dry, and painful. The area may swell. These types of burns heal within 5 or 6 days without permanent scarring.

Second Degree Burns

A second degree burn damages both layers of skin: the epidermis and the dermis. Heat, very severe sunburn, and some chemicals can cause this type of burn. The skin is red and has blisters that may open and leak clear fluids making the skin appear wet. The burned skin may look patchy and is usually feels painful. This type of burn heals in 3 or 5 weeks with some scarring possible.

Third Degree Burns

A third degree burn destroys both layers of skin as well as any or all of the underlying structures including nerves, blood vessels, fat, muscles, and bones. Severe heat, fire, and electricity such as lightning can cause this kind of burn. These burns look either charred or waxy white. They are usually painless because the nerve endings in the skin have been destroyed. Despite the lack of pain, these kinds of burns are prone to infection and can be life threatening. Treatment often involves skin grafts.

8.Translate the following words and word combinations from Russian into English (Переведите слова и словосочетания с русского на английский):

Тепло, химические вещества, электричество, радиация, повреждение, боль, солнечный ожёг, слой кожи, пузыри, влажный, жидкость, лечение, инфекция, нервные окончания, безболезненный, пересадка ткани.

9. Give the title for each logical part using the key-words (Прочитайте описание и назовите тип ожога):

1. … burn damages both layers of skin: the epidermis and the dermis. The skin is red and has blisters that may open and leak clear fluids making the skin appear wet. The burned skin may look patchy and is usually feels painful.

2. … damages only the top layer of skin. The skin is red, dry, and painful. The area may swell.

3. … destroys both layers of skin as well as any or all of the underlying structures i.e. nerves, blood vessels, fat, muscles, and bones.

10. Read and translate the text in written form (Прочитайте и переведите текст письменно):

First Aid for Burns

For First and Second Degree burns you should cool the area immediately with gently running cold water for about 10-15 minutes or until the burned area has cooled. This will help to remove the heat from the tissue so the burning will stop. Do not apply ointments unless told to do so by a physician or pharmacist. Keep the area as clean as possible. For Third Degree Burns do not put anything on the burn. Instead seek professional medical help immediately. Third degree burns are life threatening even when only a small body part is affected. For electrical burns, check for an exit wound as well as treating for the entrance wound. For chemical burns, flush the area with lots of water to get it off the person's skin. Never apply ointments, butter, or other home remedies on burns, as this may make the burn worse or cause an infection.

Look at the pictures and tell what should you do at every stage of a burn?

Грамматика: Повелительное наклонение

The Imperative

Правила (Rules):

1. Повелительные предложения выражают приказания, предупреждения, просьбы и пожелания.

Пример:

Be happy! Take it easy! Smile! Say “cheese”! Relax! Stay cool! Freeze! Dismiss! Look at the slides! Enter the PIN code.

2. Повелительное наклонение используется для выражения инструкций при оказании первой медицинской помощи.

Пример:

Check for sign of circulation.

3. Предложения-инструкции образуются при помощи инфинитива (неопределённой формы глагола) без частицы to, который стоит в начале предложения. Подлежащее you подразумевается, но не употребляется.

4. Если вы хотите выразить запрет на выполнение действия используйте DON’T…

Пример:

Don’t remove the burnt clothing.

5. Чтобы обратить внимание на важность действия используется выражение Make sure…

Пример:

Make sure the wound is clean.

Exercises (Упражнения):

1.Выберите правильный вариант:

1. Take / get / do your medication three times a day with food.

2. Do I should / have to / shouldn’t bandage the wound?

3. Shall I / you / he take his pulse?

4. Don’t to remove / remove / removing burnt clothing.

5. Make sure / Make / Make you sure the patient is comfortable.

6. Don’t let him leaves / let him leave / to let him leave the hospital until the doctor sees him.

7. Don’t to forget / forget / forgetting to sterilize the needle.

8. How I do / are / do I apply the pads?

2. Дополните предложения:

check, give (2), hold, press, put, repeat, set up, stand, support

1. ____him CPR.
2. _____him mouth-to-mouth first.
3. _____his head.
4. ______his nose closed.
5. _______your hand on his chest.
6. _______clear of his body.
7. _______the buttons and hold for two seconds.
8. _______his pulse again.
9. OK-_____the procedure.
10. Well done. Now _____an IV.

3.Переведите предложения:

1. Не передвигайте пострадавшего.

2. Тщательно вымойте руки.

3. Убедитесь, что в ране нет инородного тела.

4. Меняйте повязку каждые 2 дня.

5. Наденьте одноразовые перчатки.

Лексико-грамматический тест

Выберите правильный ответ:

1. The first thing to do when caring for electrical injury is to make sure that the power source is off.

A. True                 B. False

2. A minor open wound should be washed thoroughly with soap and water.

A. True                B. False

3. Cover the dressing completely when applying bandages.

A. True                B. False

4. Use a warm compress when caring for any wound.

A. True                B. False

 5. If the bite was caused by an animal of unknown immunization status - see a doctor immediately.

A. True                B. False

6. Third-degree burns are the most serious and require immediate medical attention.

A. True                B. False

7. Any fracture should be treated by a physician.

A. True                B. False

8. In case of severe head trauma stop any bleeding.

A. True                B. False

9. First-degree burn is the most serious classification.

A. True                B. False

10. Bites from wild animals carry the risk of rabies.

A. True                B. False

Дополнительный материал.

1. Дополните текст данными словами:

blood      brain      breathing      chest      clots      confused      instructions      oxygen      poisoned      poisonous      resuscitation      shock      sterile      sting      swallow      victim      wound  
        When a person suffers from  their blood cannot carry enough  to the  and to other organs. Such people may look afraid,  or weak. The best way to treat such a  is to lay the person on the back and raise the legs a little.
        When we cut ourselves with a knife  comes out of our body. After a short time it  so we don’t need to worry. However, if there is a big  you have to stop bleeding in another way. Put a  cloth or towel around the wound and press on it until help arrives.
        A person who is may die in a few minutes if he or she does not get the right help. If you  something dangerous find out what it is , then call a doctor and follow the  that you are given. If someone has inhaled a  gas move them to a window or get them out into the fresh air. Run cold water or put ice on an insect . Never use oil or butter. If a person has an allergy towards insect stings call a doctor or take the person to a hospital.
        Victims who have stopped  can die if they don’t get oxygen for a few minutes. In such a case, start with mouth to mouth  immediately. Lay the person on their back, press the nose together and put your mouth over the victim’s mouth. Then try to blow air into him or her and watch the  rise. Wait until the air comes out again and repeat this action until help arrives.

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