Департамент образования и науки Тюменской области

Государственное автономное профессиональное

образовательное учреждение

Тюменской области «Тюменский медицинский колледж»

(ГАПОУ ТО «Тюменский медицинский колледж»)

ВТОРУШИНА ЮЛИЯ АЛЕКСАНДРОВНА

ОГСЭ.03 ИНОСТРАННЫЙ ЯЗЫК

В ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ

УЧЕБНОЕ ПОСОБИЕ

для обучающихся 1 курса

очной формы обучения специальности:

33.02.01 Фармация

Тюмень, 2023

        Вторушина Ю.А. Учебное пособие для студентов 1 курса очной формы обучения специальности 33.02.01 Фармация раздел 2.3. «Первая медицинская помощь» по темам: «Первая медицинская помощь - «Ушибы», «Кровотечения, раны», «Переломы, ожоги» – Тюмень,2023. –  20 с.

Рецензент: Виношкина Т.В., преподаватель высшей категории ГАПОУ ТО «Тюменский медицинский колледж».

Учебное пособие предназначено для обучающихся 1 курса очной формы обучения специальности 33.02.01 Фармация. Пособие содержит теоретический и практический материал по учебной дисциплине в полном соответствии с рабочей программой. Оно включает английскую терминологию, тексты, грамматические минимумы, лексико-грамматические упражнения, а также содержит материалы для подготовки проектных работ.

Пояснительная записка

Данное учебное пособие предназначено для студентов первого курса медицинского колледжа специальности «Фармация».

Задача данного пособия — научить студентов- медиков навыкам разговорной речи, связанной с профессиональной деятельностью в области медицины. Основной целью учебного пособия, в соответствии с новыми государственными образовательными стандартами и действующей рабочей программой по дисциплине, является формирование иноязычной коммуникативной компетенции специалиста-медика, позволяющей использовать иностранный язык как средство профессионального и межличностного общения.

        Структура и содержание пособия ориентированы на взаимосвязанное решение коммуникативных, познавательных, развивающих и воспитательных задач и формирование у студентов- медиков профессиональной иноязычной коммуникативной компетенции.

Структурной единицей учебного пособия является тема, состоящая: — из текста, который включает основную смысловую информацию урока, комплекса послетекстовых упражнений, направленных на развитие навыков разговорной речи (составление монологического и диалогического высказывания по изучаемой теме, формирование умений выразить свое собственное отношение к обсуждаемой проблеме); — грамматических заданий по теме рабочей программы.

Настоящее учебно пособие предназначено для обучения английскому языку студентов как под руководством преподавателя, так и для самостоятельной работы.

Медицинские профессии — что может быть важнее?

Содержание

Bruises. (Ушибы.)

1. Read the text, make a glossary 25-30 words (Прочитайте текст, составьте словарь 25-30 слов):

        A bruise is a closed injury to tissues without violating their integrity. Contusion refers to injuries of minor and moderate severity and, as a rule, in such cases, first aid is sufficient, although there may be exceptions. Thus, severe injuries to the head (brain), internal organs, eyes, spine, chest and abdomen can pose a health hazard.

        There is one difficulty - immediately after a bruise, especially a severe one, it is not always possible to quickly and correctly determine the severity of the injury. What at first seemed like a bruise may be a fracture or fracture of a bone, or a rupture of internal organs, or a concussion. That is why first aid for bruises must be provided correctly, and in any doubtful cases it is necessary to seek medical help at the emergency room or trauma department of the nearest hospital.

        The first and main signs of a bruise are pain and swelling in the injured area. The pain is intense, but short-term, however, as the edema increases, the painful sensations resume and intensify, which is explained by the compression of the nerve endings. The pain from a bruise can be very long - we are talking about weeks, and sometimes months, depending on the anatomical location of the injured area of the body.

        A common consequence of a bruise is the appearance of a hematoma - a subcutaneous hemorrhage resulting from a ruptured blood vessel. A hematoma should not always be regarded as a harmless bruise - hematomas of the brain and internal organs can be extremely dangerous, the situation is aggravated by the fact that their quick diagnosis is not always possible.

        Late signs of bruising include restriction or dysfunction of the affected area of the body. So, with a severe injury of the joint, movement in it is often limited or becomes completely impossible, with a bruise of the eyes, the victims often note a decrease in vision, etc.

        First aid for injury is not difficult - you need to apply cold to the affected area and immobilize it for a while. Cold will help reduce swelling, and therefore pain, it should be applied as soon as possible. The classic first aid tool in this case is an ice pack (ice packs are sold in pharmacies). If this is not at hand, it can be successfully replaced with any other cold object, for example, a bottle of water from the refrigerator, a bag of frozen vegetables, a towel dipped in cold water, etc.

        It would be useful to apply a pressure bandage. Its purpose is also to prevent edema and reduce possible hematoma.

        In the case of intense pain, it is permissible to take an anesthetic, but this can be done only when there is absolute confidence that the injury that occurred is a bruise and nothing else.         In all other cases, you should refrain from taking analgesics until a medical examination, otherwise the symptoms can be distorted - the injury will seem easier than it really is.

        If there is no certainty that it was a bruise that has occurred, it is necessary to seek medical help from an emergency room or hospital, since it is highly likely that an X-ray will be require.

2. Find English equivalents in the text (Найдите эквиваленты русских слов в тексте):

Сложность перелома, первая помощь при ушибах, нервные окончания, внутренние органы, разрыв внутренних органов, разрыв кровеносных сосудов, риск для здоровья, болезненные ощущения.

3. Complete the sentences (Дополните предложения):

1. Hematomas of the _________ can be extremely dangerous.
2. The pain from a bruise can be _________.
3. First aid for bruises must be provided ______________.
4. Late signs of bruising include _____________ of the affected area of the body.
5. The classic first aid tool in this case is an _______.

4. Read the first aid rules by bruises (Прочитайте правила оказания первой медицинской помощи при ушибах):

Features of first aid for bruises of various localization

        Depending on where the injured site is located, first aid may vary somewhat.

        In case of a bruised eyeball, before applying cold, it is necessary to apply a sterile (or at least simply clean) bandage to the eye and immediately transport the victim to the hospital. The bruised eye quickly swells and closes, and only a specialist can diagnose it, having accurately determined the nature and severity of the injury. If the injury is severe, the sooner specialized care is provided, the more likely it is to preserve all eye functions.

        First aid for a head injury should include express diagnostics for a possible concussion.

The loss of consciousness that has occurred after a bruise, even a short-term one, is a reliable sign of a concussion, but if the loss of consciousness did not occur, this does not mean that everything worked out. The following symptoms may indicate a concussion:

• Nausea and / or vomiting soon after the injury has occurred
• Headache, dizziness, tinnitus;
• Pain with eye movement;
• Pallor of the skin, sweating, hot flushes (feeling of heat in the head, limbs);
• Disorientation in space;
• Inhibition of reactions, answers out of place, difficulty concentrating;
• Temperature rise.

        There is a simple test that can quickly and effectively determine if a concussion is present: ask the victim to follow your finger as you move in front of their face. If there is no concussion, the eyes will move smoothly; if there is, there will be movement disorders (twitching, interruption, etc.).

        Concussion requires medical attention. In this case, until the arrival of the doctor or the delivery of the victim to the hospital (emergency room), he should not be left alone, as the condition may worsen at any time.

        In case of severe bruises of the spine, chest and abdominal cavity, it is necessary to seek medical help if any deviation in the state of health appears after the injury: impaired motor or sensory function, faintness, weakness, cold sweat, fainting, shortness of breath, shortness of breath, etc.

5. Give your advice (Дайте совет):

1. The boy has fallen. His knee hurts very much. I think he should …

2. I have a scratch. I think you should …

3. The sportsman has a very bad bruise. I think he must …

6.Continue the sentences (Продолжите предложения):

1. If you fall on the knee …

2. The bruised place looks …

3. If there is a scratch you should …

4. If the bruise hurts very much you should …

5. If the bruise is very bad you should …

7. Describe your last experience of providing first aid by bruises (Опишите свой опыт оказания первой медицинской помощи при ушибах)

8. Watch the video and answer the questions (Просмотрите видео и ответьте на вопросы):

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RQbcB144wYM

1.How can we reduce the bruising?

2. How long should you apply the ice pack on the bruise?

3. What should you do to treat the bruise?

Bleeding. Wounds. (Кровотечения, раны.)

1. Take a guess… (Ответьте на вопросы):

2. Complete the chart (Дополните пропуски):

Blood is basically made up from 4 different things:

➤ Plasma – _________%. This is a liquid in the blood which helps to

carry everything along.

➤ Red blood cells – _________ %. These carry oxygen for your body to use.

➤ Platelets – ________%. These help your blood to clot which will stop you from bleeding.

➤ White blood cells – ___________%. These help us to fight infection. (% are approximate)

3. Label these different types of wounds (Соедините картинки и типы ран)

• Abrasion (graze)
• Incised wound (caused by a sharp edge e.g. razor)
• Laceration (blunt or ripping)
• Puncture (e.g. standing on a nail)
• Stab wound (deep incision usually caused by a knife)
• Contusion (bruise)

4. Read the text and answer the questions (Прочитайте текст и ответьте на вопросы):

Bleeding

Bleeding is the name commonly used to describe blood loss. Bleeding can take many forms and be anything from simple to being extremely serious and life-threatening, and the treatment for bleeding will depend on what is bleeding and how much bleeding is happening. Bleeding can be internal or external. First aid also depends on personal factors; especially medications the bleeder is taking. A first aid kit should be in every home and car for emergency situations. If the wound is severe, the person should be taken to the hospital for further care, but until then, there are some simple first aid steps that should be taken. Antiseptics are important cleaning tools that reduce the risk of infections in open wounds. Small bandages for bandage cuts and long rolls should also be available in all first aid kits to close the wound immediately and protect it.

Different types of bleeding

There are three main types of bleeding. In preparing yourself to identify and treat different types of bleeding, you must first have a good understanding of the three distinct types of bleeding that a person can experience.

Capillary Bleeding

Capillaries are the smallest blood vessels in your body; they are about as thin as the hairs on your head. When a minor scrape or cut opens some capillaries, the bleeding is almost always very slow and small in quantity. Your body's natural clotting mechanism is able to stop most cases of capillary bleeding within seconds to minutes.

Venous Bleeding

Deep cuts have the potential to cut open veins. A cut vein typically results in a steady but relatively slow flow of dark red blood. The best way to stop most cases of venous bleeding is to put direct pressure on the wound.

Arterial Bleeding

This is the least common and most dangerous type of bleeding. It involves bright red blood that comes out in large volume, and in spurts that correspond with each beat of your heart. In most cases of arterial bleeding, direct and extremely firm pressure on the wound is the best way of stopping it. If direct pressure is not applied, a severe arterial wound can cause you to death within a few minutes.

Answer the following questions.

1. What is bleeding?

2. How many forms of bleedings may occur in the person?

3. What are important cleaning tools that reduce the risk of infections in open

wounds?

4. What should you do if the wound is severe?

5. What should also be available in all first aid kits to close the wound immediately

and protect it?

6. How many types of bleeding do you know?

7. What is a capillary?

8. What is the most dangerous type of bleeding?

5. Match the parts of the sentences and write down the text (Соедините части предложений и запишите текст):

Fractures. Burns (Переломы, ожоги.)

1. Match each word on the left with the correct translation on the right (Соедините слова из левого столбика с их значением):

2. Do the crossword puzzle. Find 8-10 words on the topic. Write them down. (Кроссворд. Найдите 8-10 слов и запишите их):

1………………

2………………

3………………

4……………

5………………

6………………

7……………….

8………………

9………………

10……………

3. Read the text about fractures. Translate the text. (Прочитайте текст о переломах. Переведите текст).

Fractures

Traumas of the extremities may occur frequently. There are different types of such traumas, in particular, closed and open. Closed traumas are usually caused by a fracture or a displacement of the bone with no apparent injury on the surface of the skin. Open traumas occur when a fragment of the bone breaks through the surrounding tissues and surface of the skin; the bone can thus be seen.

Signs and Symptoms:

• Pain
• Deformity at the injury site
• Decreased mobility, sensitivity and muscle strength
• Variation in the colour and temperature of the limb
• Presence or absence of an open wound
• Edema (swelling or puffiness of the limb)
• Numbness of the limb.

When these signs and symptoms are present, the injury should always be treated as a fracture or displacement. All traumas of the extremities must be treated with care, as improper handling can have serious consequences. A fracture can cause injuries to the blood vessels and nerves. An open wound can also become infected. The first aider must follow certain basic principles when stabilizing the injury. It is recommended that the injured limb be stabilized in the position in which it was found to prevent any movement that could aggravate the injury. The first aider must not apply traction or try to reposition the limb. If the casualty must be moved, the injured limb must be completely immobilized beforehand so as to reduce pain and again, to avoid aggravating the injury. The colour, heat and feelings of numbness in the extremities must be verified before and after immobilization. The bandages used to secure the bone splint must never be tied over the injury site or a joint, as this could hinder circulation, increase pain and aggravate the injury. The joints above and below the injury must also be immobilized. An open wound must be protected with a dry non-pressure dressing.

4. Answer the following questions (Ответьте на вопросы):

1. How may traumas of the extremities occur?

2. What types of fractures do you know?

3. What are the signs and symptoms?

4. How should you treat a fracture?

5. What can a fracture cause?

6. What must the first aider follow?

7. How must an open wound be protected?

5. Read and translate the dialogue (Прочитайте диалог по ролям и переведите):

Student1: Sorry. May I come in?

Teacher: Yes, you may. Why are you late today?

Student 1: I fell down and suddenly I felt a severe pain in my arm.

Student 2: Let me help you. I’ll accompany you to your place.

Teacher: Does your arm hurt you?

Student1: Yes it does. It hurts me very much.

Student 3: Let’s look, what an injury it is: a fracture or a bruise.

Student 4: What is it a bruise or a fracture?

Student 3: I think it is a fracture. It is not like a bruise.

Student 5: What kind of fracture is it: an open or a closed one?

Student 3: It is an open fracture. I see a wound on the skin of her arm.

Student 6: May be we’ll give first aid ourselves. We are future nurses. Not so long ago we had a surgical practice.

Student 3: But I suggest calling our paramedic. It will be safer.

Student 7: I’ll look for her. I haven’t found her. She is out.

Teacher: In such case we must call an ambulance.

Student 2: Is it an Emergency Department?

Ambulance person: Yes, it is. The Emergency Department is hearing. What is your problem?

Student 2: We have an injured person, a student of our group.

Ambulance person: What is patient’s name?

Student 2: Her name is Galina Sokolova.

Ambulance person: How old is she?

Student 2: She is 17 years old.

Ambulance person: What is your address?

Student 2: Оur address is Alekseev Street, Kurgan Basic Medical College.

Ambulance person: Wait, we’ll come soon.

Doctor: Where is the patient? Let me look, please. It is a fracture. Prepare a splint and a bandage. I’ll put a splint. Give an injection of local anesthesia.

Nurse: Galina, we will transport you to the hospital. You should consult a surgeon.

6. Make up your own dialogue “At the Surgeon” using all the learned material. (Составьте диалог «У хирурга» используя изученный материал).

7. Read the text about types of burns. Translate the text. (Прочитайте текст о типах ожогов. Переведите текст).

Burns

A burn is damage to the skin or underlying tissue usually caused by heat, but also by chemicals, electricity, or radiation such as with sunburn. There are 3 levels of severity: first, second, and third.

First Degree Burns

A first degree burn damages only the top layer of skin. The skin is red, dry, and painful. The area may swell. These types of burns heal within 5 or 6 days without permanent scarring.

Second Degree Burns

A second degree burn damages both layers of skin: the epidermis and the dermis. Heat, very severe sunburn, and some chemicals can cause this type of burn. The skin is red and has blisters that may open and leak clear fluids making the skin appear wet. The burned skin may look patchy and is usually feels painful. This type of burn heals in 3 or 5 weeks with some scarring possible.

Third Degree Burns

A third degree burn destroys both layers of skin as well as any or all of the underlying structures including nerves, blood vessels, fat, muscles, and bones. Severe heat, fire, and electricity such as lightning can cause this kind of burn. These burns look either charred or waxy white. They are usually painless because the nerve endings in the skin have been destroyed. Despite the lack of pain, these kinds of burns are prone to infection and can be life threatening. Treatment often involves skin grafts.

8.Translate the following words and word combinations from Russian into English (Переведите слова и словосочетания с русского на английский):

Тепло, химические вещества, электричество, радиация, повреждение, боль, солнечный ожёг, слой кожи, пузыри, влажный, жидкость, лечение, инфекция, нервные окончания, безболезненный, пересадка ткани.

9. Give the title for each logical part using the key-words (Прочитайте описание и назовите тип ожога):

1. … burn damages both layers of skin: the epidermis and the dermis. The skin is red and has blisters that may open and leak clear fluids making the skin appear wet. The burned skin may look patchy and is usually feels painful.

2. … damages only the top layer of skin. The skin is red, dry, and painful. The area may swell.

3. … destroys both layers of skin as well as any or all of the underlying structures i.e. nerves, blood vessels, fat, muscles, and bones.

10. Read and translate the text in written form (Прочитайте и переведите текст письменно):

First Aid for Burns

For First and Second Degree burns you should cool the area immediately with gently running cold water for about 10-15 minutes or until the burned area has cooled. This will help to remove the heat from the tissue so the burning will stop. Do not apply ointments unless told to do so by a physician or pharmacist. Keep the area as clean as possible. For Third Degree Burns do not put anything on the burn. Instead seek professional medical help immediately. Third degree burns are life threatening even when only a small body part is affected. For electrical burns, check for an exit wound as well as treating for the entrance wound. For chemical burns, flush the area with lots of water to get it off the person's skin. Never apply ointments, butter, or other home remedies on burns, as this may make the burn worse or cause an infection.

Look at the pictures and tell what should you do at every stage of a burn?

Грамматика: Повелительное наклонение

The Imperative

Правила (Rules):

1. Повелительные предложения выражают приказания, предупреждения, просьбы и пожелания.

Пример:

Be happy! Take it easy! Smile! Say “cheese”! Relax! Stay cool! Freeze! Dismiss! Look at the slides! Enter the PIN code.

2. Повелительное наклонение используется для выражения инструкций при оказании первой медицинской помощи.

Пример:

Check for sign of circulation.

3. Предложения-инструкции образуются при помощи инфинитива (неопределённой формы глагола) без частицы to, который стоит в начале предложения. Подлежащее you подразумевается, но не употребляется.

4. Если вы хотите выразить запрет на выполнение действия используйте DON’T…

Пример:

Don’t remove the burnt clothing.

5. Чтобы обратить внимание на важность действия используется выражение Make sure…

Пример:

Make sure the wound is clean.

Exercises (Упражнения):

1.Выберите правильный вариант:

1. Take / get / do your medication three times a day with food.

2. Do I should / have to / shouldn’t bandage the wound?

3. Shall I / you / he take his pulse?

4. Don’t to remove / remove / removing burnt clothing.

5. Make sure / Make / Make you sure the patient is comfortable.

6. Don’t let him leaves / let him leave / to let him leave the hospital until the doctor sees him.

7. Don’t to forget / forget / forgetting to sterilize the needle.

8. How I do / are / do I apply the pads?

2. Дополните предложения:

check, give (2), hold, press, put, repeat, set up, stand, support

1. ____him CPR.
2. _____him mouth-to-mouth first.
3. _____his head.
4. ______his nose closed.
5. _______your hand on his chest.
6. _______clear of his body.
7. _______the buttons and hold for two seconds.
8. _______his pulse again.
9. OK-_____the procedure.
10. Well done. Now _____an IV.

3.Переведите предложения:

1. Не передвигайте пострадавшего.

2. Тщательно вымойте руки.

3. Убедитесь, что в ране нет инородного тела.

4. Меняйте повязку каждые 2 дня.

5. Наденьте одноразовые перчатки.

Лексико-грамматический тест

Выберите правильный ответ:

1. The first thing to do when caring for electrical injury is to make sure that the power source is off.

A. True                 B. False

2. A minor open wound should be washed thoroughly with soap and water.

A. True                B. False

3. Cover the dressing completely when applying bandages.

A. True                B. False

4. Use a warm compress when caring for any wound.

A. True                B. False

 5. If the bite was caused by an animal of unknown immunization status - see a doctor immediately.

A. True                B. False

6. Third-degree burns are the most serious and require immediate medical attention.

A. True                B. False

7. Any fracture should be treated by a physician.

A. True                B. False

8. In case of severe head trauma stop any bleeding.

A. True                B. False

9. First-degree burn is the most serious classification.

A. True                B. False

10. Bites from wild animals carry the risk of rabies.

A. True                B. False

Дополнительный материал.

1. Дополните текст данными словами:

blood      brain      breathing      chest      clots      confused      instructions      oxygen      poisoned      poisonous      resuscitation      shock      sterile      sting      swallow      victim      wound  
        When a person suffers from  their blood cannot carry enough  to the  and to other organs. Such people may look afraid,  or weak. The best way to treat such a  is to lay the person on the back and raise the legs a little.
        When we cut ourselves with a knife  comes out of our body. After a short time it  so we don’t need to worry. However, if there is a big  you have to stop bleeding in another way. Put a  cloth or towel around the wound and press on it until help arrives.
        A person who is may die in a few minutes if he or she does not get the right help. If you  something dangerous find out what it is , then call a doctor and follow the  that you are given. If someone has inhaled a  gas move them to a window or get them out into the fresh air. Run cold water or put ice on an insect . Never use oil or butter. If a person has an allergy towards insect stings call a doctor or take the person to a hospital.
        Victims who have stopped  can die if they don’t get oxygen for a few minutes. In such a case, start with mouth to mouth  immediately. Lay the person on their back, press the nose together and put your mouth over the victim’s mouth. Then try to blow air into him or her and watch the  rise. Wait until the air comes out again and repeat this action until help arrives.

2. Решите кроссворд:

Примерные темы проектов.

1. Make a brochure “First aid by ….” (Составить памятку)

2. Make a Mind Map “First Aid by nose bleeding”

3. Make a poster “First Aid by fractures”

Рекомендации по выполнению проекта:

Виды проекта:

1. Информационный проект направлен на сбор информации о каких-либо объектах с целью ее анализа и представления широкой аудитории.

2. Творческий проект предполагает максимально свободный и нетрадиционный подход к оформлению результатов.

Этапы работы над проектом:

1.Определение проблемы. Разделение на группы/пары.

2. Определение целей и задач.

3.Практический этап. Сбор и анализ информации по теме проекта.

4. Оформление результатов. Создание презентаций, сообщений, публикаций.

5. Презентация результатов.

Список литературы

1.Английский язык для медицинских колледжей и училищ. Учебное пособие/ Козырева Л.Г.- Ростов н/Д: Феникс,2015.

2.Морковина И.Ю., Максимова З.К. Англо-русский медицинский словарь. Более 90 тысяч терминов. М.: МИА, 2015.  

3.Шведов С.М. Новейший англо-русский и русско-английский словарь:40 тысяч слов. Москва.: Современная школа2017. – 960 с.

4.PaulA. Davies. Nursing. Oxford Bookworms. Fact files OXEORD UNIVERSITY PRESS 2015.- 23с.

5.Ю.Голицинский. Английский язык. Грамматика. Сборник упражнений. С.-Петербург.: КАРО, 2015. - 544 с.

6.Английский язык для старших курсов медицинских колледжей. Учебное пособие /Э.М. Аванесьянц.-М: «АНМИ»,2017.

7.Eric H. Glendinning, Ron Howard. Professional English in Use. Medicine. Cambridge: University Press, 2015. - 175с.

Департамент образования и науки Тюменской области

Государственное автономное профессиональное

образовательное учреждение

Тюменской области «Тюменский медицинский колледж»

(ГАПОУ ТО «Тюменский медицинский колледж»)

РЕВНИВЫХ ЛЮДМИЛА БОРИСОВНА

ОГСЭ.03. ИНОСТРАННЫЙ ЯЗЫК

(АНГЛИЙСКИЙ)

Учебное пособие

для обучающихся очной формы обучения 1 курса

специальности 31.02.03 Лабораторная диагностика

Тюмень, 2019

Ревнивых Л.Б., Основы латинского языка с медицинской терминологией. Учебное издание. – Тюмень, 2019 - 77 с.

Рецензенты:

Ожогина М.М, преподаватель иностранных языков

Учебное пособие "Иностранный язык (английский)" предназначено для обучающихся 1 курса очной формы обучения специальности 31.02.03 Лабораторная диагностика. Пособие содержит теоретический и практический материал по учебной дисциплине в полном соответствии с рабочей программой. Оно включает английскую терминологию, тексты по темам, грамматические минимумы, лексико-грамматические упражнения.

Пояснительная записка

Великий русский врач С.П. Боткин писал: "Знание современных языков играет важную роль в интеллектуальном и человеческом обогащении специалистов-медиков" . Владение иностранным языком является обязательным компонентом профессиональной подготовки современных специалистов в любой области. Знание языка международного общения, каким в настоящее время является английский, предполагает успешную карьеру как в профессиональной деятельности, так и в науке, и бизнесе. Необходимость комплексного развития коммуникативной, информационной, социо- и общекультурной компетенций студентов требует формирования конкретного методологического и практического инструментария по английскому языку для каждой специальности.

Данное профессионально ориентированное учебное пособие разработано для студентов 1 курса медицинских колледжей, обучающихся по специальности Лабораторная диагностика. Оно рассчитано на 38 часов аудиторной работы, составлено в полном соответствии с рабочей программой и предполагает овладение студентами лексико-грамматическим материалом по 3-м темам: Человек и общество, Медицинское образование, Здоровый образ жизни.

По своей практической направленности и методическим основам предлагаемое пособие отвечает требованиям современной лингводидактики.

СОДЕРЖАНИЕ

Тема 1. Человек и общество (The Man and Society)

1. Занятие 1. Английский язык в современном мире…………………………………5

2. Занятие 2. Знакомство, рассказ о себе………………………………………………8

3. Занятие 3. Мой рабочий день………………………………………………………..10

4. Занятие 4. Мой родной город………………………………………………………..14

5. Занятие 5. Тюменский медицинский колледж……………………………………..18

6. Занятие 6. Моя будущая профессия………………………………………………...20

Тема 2. Медицинское образование (Medical Education)

7. Занятия 7-8. Медицинское образование в России …………………………………21

8. Занятия 9-10. Медицинское образование в США …………………………………26

9. Занятие 11. Медицинское образование в Великобритании……………………….28

10. Занятие 12. Сравнительный анализ медицинского образования в России,

США и Великобритании……………………………………………………………….31

Тема 3. Здоровый образ жизни (Healthy Lifestyle)

11. Занятия 13-14. Здоровый образ жизни……………………………………………33

12. Занятия 15-16. Спорт и здоровье…………………………………………………..37

13. Занятие 17. Диета…………………………………………………………………..40

14. Занятие 18. Диета и витамины…………………………………………………….41

15. Занятие 19. Итоговое занятие……………………………………………………..42

16, Список литературы………………………………………………………………...43

TOPIC 1. THE MAN AND SOCIETY

LESSON 1

1. Read and translate the text:

ENGLISH IN THE MODERN WORLD

The modern world is becoming smaller and smaller, due to the development of transport distances between different countries seem to be less. People widely communicate with each other. For this reason it's becoming more and more important to know foreign languages, especially English. One and a half billion people speak English today, another billion study it. Today English is the third language by the number of speakers, Chinese is in the first place, Spanish – in the second. The largest number of English-speaking people live in the United States (215 million), Great Britain (58 million), Canada (18.2 million), Australia (15.5 million), Ireland (3.8 million), South Africa (3.7 million), New Zealand (3.5 million). As a second language English is spoken in more than 60 countries. English is the first official language in the United Kingdom, the United States of America, Australia and New Zealand. It is one of the official languages in Canada, the Irish Republic and the Republic of South Africa.

English is the language of international communication, it is also the language of diplomacy and media, medicine and aviation, politics and diplomacy, science and technology, business and trade, sport and pop music.

80% of all information in the world's computers is in English. More than 60% of all scientific journals are written in English. Young people communicate in social networks and messengers in English. Today knowledge of English is one of the most important requirements for getting a good job.

Learning a foreign language is not easy. It is a long and difficult process that takes a lot of time and patience. But it's worth it. English is taught throughout the world and a lot of people speak it well. In our country English is very popular: it is studied at schools, colleges and universities. We all need to understand each other.

2. Answer the questions:

1. Why is the modern world becoming smaller and smaller?

2. Why is it becoming more and more important to know foreign languages?

3. How many people speak English today?

4. How many people speak English as their first language?

5. In what countries is English the first language?

6. What is the status of English in Canada, the Irish Republic and the Republic of South Africa?

7. Is English spoken as a second language in more than 50 countries? 

8. Why is it very important to study English?

3. Read the text:

10 REASONS WHY WE SHOULD LEARN ENGLISH

1.        Knowledge of English will make you more attractive in the eyes of the employer.

2.        English is the language of tourism.

3.        English is the language of business communication.

4.        English opens the doors to the best universities in the world.

5.        Some of the greatest literary works are written in English.

6.        English will help you to learn modern pop culture better.

7.        Knowledge of the language will allow you to participate in international conferences, competitions and other interesting events.

8.        English gives you wide access to knowledge. Most of the discoveries are written or translated into English. If you work or study in the field of pharmaceuticals, engineering, medicine and computer technology, you will learn a lot of new and useful things in the original publications.

9.        You will be able to make friends with people from other countries.

10. It is the language of the Internet. More than 50% of all websites on the Internet contain information in English. If you want to get the latest information online, you should learn English.

4. Memorize the following words:

5. Learn the text 3.

GRAMMAR REVISION

СПРЯЖЕНИЕ ГЛАГОЛА TO BE  

Глагол to be переводится как быть, находиться, существовать, являться. В настоящем времени он может не переводиться вообще.

Формы глагола TO BE в настоящем времени (PRESENT SIMPLE)

I am – я есть
he, she, it is – он, она, оно есть
we are – мы есть
you are – ты, вы есть
they are – они есть

GRAMMAR EXERCISES

1. Complete what Brenda says about herself. Use am, is or are:

My name … Brenda Foster. I …  ten years old and I … in the fifth form. My birthday … on the first of January. I …  from Santa Monica, California, USA. I … American. My phone number … 235-456-789. I live at 16, Park Street. I’ve got a sister and a brother. Their names … Gina and Paul. Gina … 16 years old and Paul … only three. I’ve also got a dog. Its name … Spot. My Mum … a doctor. She works at a hospital. My Dad … a driver. He works in Los Angeles. We … all   friendly in our family.

2. Insert appropriate present forms of the verb to be:

A: Hi, Alex. How … you?

B: Hello, David. I … fine and how … you doing?

A: I … doing fine.

B: How … your sister? Where … she now?

A: She … in London. She … learning English there.

B: Really? That … wonderful! How about your parents?

A; They … fine too. They … in Cyprus now.

B: … you busy tonight?

A: Not really, why?

B: We … having a party. Would you like to come?

A: I’d love to.

B: Then come to our place at 7:00 p.m.

3. Write in is/ isn’t, are/ aren’t, am /’m not:

1. I … lazy.
2. My friend … naughty.
3. My granny … kind.
4. My granddad … clever.
5. My teachers … funny.
6. I … a bad student.

4. Insert appropriate pronouns and forms of the verb to be:

1. How … your mum? — … … fine, thanks.
2. How … your parents? — … … OK.
3. How … you? — … … very well, thank you.
4. How … your uncle? — … … fine, thanks.
5. How … your children? — … … OK.
6. How … Liz? — … … fine, thanks.
7. How … your cousin? — … … very well, thank you.

5. Write sentences in positive or negative form: 

1. I … a businessman.
2. I … a pupil.
3. My friends … teachers.
4. My uncle … a driver.
5. My parents … doctors.
6. My cousins … vets.
7. My mum … a shop-assistant.

СПРЯЖЕНИЕ ГЛАГОЛА TO HAVE (иметь)

I have – я имею (у меня есть)
we have – мы имеем (у нас есть)
you have – ты, вы имеете (у тебя, у вас есть)
they have – они имеют (у них есть)

NOTA BENE!

he, she, it has         – он, она, оно имеет (у него, у нее есть)

LESSON 2

MEETING PEOPLE. MY VISITING CARD

 1. Fill in the gaps in the dialogues. Use the words in the brackets:

 (How are you? See you soon. Nice, too, fine)

• Good morning.
• Good morning.
• … to meet you.
• Nice to meet you …

• Hello. …?
• Fine, thank you. And you?
• I am … too.

• Good bye.
• Bye. ...

 2. Learn the dialogues by heart.

 3. Match the questions and the answers:

4. Introduce yourself. Complete the sentences:

1. My name is ...
2. I am … years old.
3. I am from ...
4. I … at the medical college.
5. I am studying to be ...
6. I am interested in ...
7. In my free time I ...
8. My family is (big / small). We are ...
9. My dream is to ...

 5. Write down the English equivalents for the given adjectives:

музыкальный, красивый, счастливый, жестокий, глупый, грустный, маленький,

злой, сердитый, толстый, забавный, спортивный, шумный, спокойный, умный.

6. Speak about your character and the character of your friends and relatives:

1. I am ...
2. My friend is ...
3. My mother is ...
4. My father is ...
5. My brother is ...
6. My sister is ...
7. My pet (dog, cat, parrot) is ...

7. All people differ from each other in the way they look. These words help you to describe people. Match the words:

8. Describe these people using the words from task 7:

                                                                       Suzanna              Jeff                Dick                     Caroline               Mary   Tom       Dolly            Thomas

1. Mary is …
2. Tom is …
3. Dolly is ….
4. Thomas is …
5. Suzanna has …
6. Jeff  has …
7. Caroline has …
8. Dick has …

1. Molly goes to Mike every day.
2. Science and technology play a key role in sustainable use of water. 
3. Even Aunt Perl refuses to go out with me!
4. Thank God I still walk without help.
5. I plan to go on fighting.
6. Government plays a leading role in developing crime prevention strategies.
7. Kate very rarely goes anywhere.
8. If we go back to our method, we can obtain a formula.

LESSON 3. MY WORKING DAY

1. Fill in the gaps with the missing days of the week. Translate the rhyme into Russian:

Solomon Grundy

Born on …,

Christened on …,

Married on …,

Got ill on …,

Worse on …,

Died on …,

Buried on ...,

This is the end of Solomon Grundy.

(Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday, Sunday)

2. Read the everyday activities and put them into the necessary columns:

 wash oneself, attend lectures, sweep the floor, clean one’s teeth, have breakfast, prefer a cup of coffee (tea) and a sandwich, start (finish) studies, do the ironing, watch (sports, films, shows) on TV, go to the college, get up at 7 o’clock, get hungry, study different subjects, buy food, have dinner, come home from the college, read books, have a rest, have a party, sit at the café, go to the cinema, do one’s homework, have some free time, do the work about the house, make dinner, put one’s clothes on, dust the furniture, clean the carpet, go shopping, put on one’s make-up, go for a walk with one’s friends, chat with one’s friends on the Internet, play computer games, make the bed, do sport, go to a fitness club, have supper, talk on the phone with one’s friends, go to bed, listen to music.

3. Answer the questions:

1. What do you usually do in the morning?
2. What do you usually do in the afternoon?
3. What do you usually do in the evening?
4. What do you usually do at the college?
5. What do you do at weekends?
6. What do you usually do on a rainy day?
7. What do you often do on a sunny day?
8. What do you do on your birthday?
9. What do you often do when you are in a good mood?
10. What do you do when you are in a bad mood?  

4. Fill in the gaps:

My working day

I’d like to tell you about my working day. On week days I usually …  … at six o’clock. I make the bed, … …, clean my teeth, … … … and go to the kitchen to … … . I prepare my breakfast. For breakfast I …  coffee and a sandwich. Then I … … . It is far away from my house and I go there by bus. I have studies from two till six p.m. I … … ... at the college. Then I come home and … … . I like a big dinner, because when I come home from the college I am very … .    After my dinner, I … … for a couple of hours and then I … … … . If I have some spare time I do some work about the house. I sweep the floor, … … and clean the carpets with the vacuum-cleaner. Sometimes my mother asks me to go shopping and … … . Then I have free time. I go for a walk with my friends or … ….  Then I … … with my family. I like evenings very much, all members of our family get together after work and have opportunity to talk and discuss our family affairs. I usually … … … at about eleven o’clock, sometimes even at midnight.  

HOBBIES

1. Group the words according to the titles:

Painting, cooking, bird watching, running, sewing, reading, stamp and coin collecting, gardening, golf, photography, traveling, poem writing, fishing, hunting, billiards, belly dancing, bowling, food decorating, shopping.

2. Read the text about hobbies and translate it:

Hobbies

Hobbies are things we do when we are free. But people are different all around the world and their hobbies are not the same either. Some people like to collect things – from stamps and coins to pictures and cars. One man I know has a whole park of cars. Probably it’s funny to spend money and spare time on such things. But all famous museums exist thanks to this strange people. Many people prefer to watch TV and go to the cinema or to the theatre but reading is still popular. Not a few go hunting and fishing. Many people keep pets. There is also a new tendency today: people like to do things with their own hands. You see DIY (do it yourself) shops in every town. However sport is still the leader. People do sports, talk sports, write and read about sports.

My cousin Julian is a real expert on sports. He gives advices how to win a game of tennis or score a goal. He strongly supports all his friends who want to keep fit. Julian explains to them how to jog and lift weights. He laughs at those people who prefer alternative hobbies such as gardening or amateur drama groups because they care little about their health. But he himself never plays sports. He is a football fan and watches all matches on TV. You see, he is not a practitioner. He is a theorist.

3. Answer the questions:

1. What are hobbies?
2. What do people collect?
3. What do many people prefer to do?
4. What is a new tendency today?
5. What is the leader of hobbies?

4. Say if the sentences are true or false:

1. People are the same all around the world.
2. All people like to collect things.
3. They all collect pictures.
4. All famous museums exist thanks to collectors.
5. Very few people go to the cinema at present.
6. Some people like hunting and fishing.
7. My cousin Julian does sports.
8. He never watches TV.
9. Julian jogs and lifts weights regularly.
10. He is fond of amateur drama groups.

5. Translate into English:

1. Мои друзья собирают марки.
2. Я предпочитаю читать книги.
3. Мой дядя занимается рыбалкой.
4. Я содержу домашнего питомца.
5. Джейн делает шляпы своими руками.
6. Антон обожает спорт. Он занимается спортом, говорит о спорте и смотрит спорт по телевизору.
7. Она бегает каждый вечер.
8. Моя семья заботится о своём здоровье.

6. Tell about your hobby.

7. Read the dialogue:

8. Make up a dialogue about your working day.

LESSON 4

MY NATIVE TOWN

1. Fill in the gaps with the missing remarks:

Teacher: Nice to meet you. I wonder where you are from.

Student:   …

Teacher: Is your town beautiful?

Student:   …

Teacher: Do you like your town?

Student:   …

Teacher: People say: "East or West, home is best". Remember it, please.

2. Study the words

3. Translate into English:

1. Эта старинная церковь – достопримечательность нашего города.

2. Мой друг интересуется изобразительным искусством.

3. По вечерам мои друзья часто посещают досуговый центр.

4. У каждого города есть свои достопримечательности.

5. Британский музей знаменит своей коллекцией.

6. Я люблю проводить время со своей семьёй.

4. Read the text:

TYUMEN

Everybody believes that his hometown is the best place in the world. And I am not an exception. I was born in Tyumen and I have lived in it since my childhood. So Tyumen is my native city. It  was founded in 1586. Nowadays Tyumen is a big city with developed industry and social infrastructure. The population is more than half a million. The city gives its citizens and visitors a chance to live, to get education, to go sightseeing and to have a rest.

Tyumen has many places of interest. There is nothing like Respublika Street, the main avenue in our town. A white building of the Drama Theatre is a masterpiece of architecture. It was built in 2008. Tyumen is a green city. There are many green streets, parks, yards, flower-beds in it. Beautiful fountains decorate the streets and squares of the city. Tyumen is a real cultural centre. There are a lot of theatres, cinemas, museums and concert halls in it. If you are fond of active way of spending free time, you can go to a concert of a pop-star or group, enjoy yourself at a night club or leisure centre, or go sightseeing. Our  Philharmonic Symphony orchestra is known throughout the country. The Historical square is located next to the place where the first settlers put the first wooden fortress. The main objects of the square are the regional museum, a monument in honor of those killed in the Great Patriotic war and Eternal Flame. There are many interesting monuments and memorials in Tyumen, among them monument to Siberian cats, monument to the Zemstvo doctor, monument to mother, to father and many others. There are some beautiful churches in Tyumen. I am very proud of my city.

5. Find English equivalents for these word combinations and sentences

лучшее место на земле, развитая промышленность, предоставлять возможность, шедевр архитектуры, интересоваться изобразительным искусством, известный по всей стране, гордиться родным городом.

6. Make up sentences using the construction "there is / there are":

beautiful churches, masterpieces of architecture, a good leisure centre, many museums, several theatres, Drama Theatre, parks and squares, monuments and memorials.

7. Answer the questions

1. When was Tyumen founded?

2. What’s the population of Tyumen?

4. What chances does the city give?

5. How can you spend time in Tyumen?

6. What places of interest are there in Tyumen?

7. What is our Philhamony famous for?

8. What monuments in Tyumen do you know?

8. Your friend visits you in Tyumen. Read what he likes and advise him where he can go. Start with the words "I advise you to …", "You can go to …":

1. He likes fine arts.

2. He is fond of theatre.

3. He enjoys classic music.

4. He likes walking.

5. He finds pleasure in reading the novels by Dostoevsky.

6. He is fond of dancing.

9. Living in a big city has both advantages and disadvantages. Let’s see what they are. Read the text. Translate the underlined words. Do the exercises to the text.

LIVING IN THE CITY

Living in a city has both advantages and disadvantages. On the plus side, it is often easier to find work, and there is usually a choice of public transport, so you don’t need to own a car. Also, there are a lot of interesting things to do and places to see. For example, you can eat in good restaurants, visit museums, and go to the theatre and to concerts. What is more, when you want to relax, you sit on a park bench and read a book. All in all, city life is full of variety and you never feel bored.

However, for every plus there is a minus. Living in a city is often very expensive. It is difficult to find good, cheap accommodation. What is more, public transport is sometimes overcrowded, particularly in the rush hour, and even the parks can become very crowded. Last of all, despite all the crowds, it is still possible to feel very lonely in a city. In conclusion, I think that city life can be particularly appealing to young people, who like excitement of the city and don’t mind the noise and pollution. However, many people, when they get older prefer the peace and fresh air of the country-side.

10. Say if these statements are false or true:

1. Living in a city has only advantages.
2. Living in a city is very expensive.
3. It is easier to find work in a city.
4. Public transport is often overcrowded in the rush hour.
5. There are lots of things to do and places to see in a city.
6. City life is full of peace and fresh air.
7. It is possible to feel lonely in a city.
8. It is easy to find cheap accommodation (жильё).
9. Many old people don’t like noise and pollution of a city.
10. Young people never feel bored in the city.
11. Life in the country-side is full of  variety.

11. Fill in the table using the facts below:

A choice of public transport; noise and pollution; overcrowded transport; feeling lonely;  variety of interesting things; expensive accommodation; a chance to find work; a chance to go out and relax.

12. Tell about your native city.

GRAMMAR REVISION

Для английского существительного характерны следующие грамматические категории: 1) число (единственноe и множественное); 2) падеж (общий и притяжательный).

Множественное число исчисляемых существительных образуется при помощи окончания -s, которое произносится как [z] после звонких согласных и гласных и как [s] после глухих согласных: hand – hands, desk – desks. Имена существительные, оканчивающиеся в единственном числе на буквы -s, -ss, -x, -sh, -ch, образуют множественное число путем прибавления окончания -es к форме единственного числа. Окончание -es произносится как [iz]: bus – buses, dress – dresses, fox – foxes, dish – dishes, bench – benches.

Некоторые имена существительные образуют множественное число не по правилу, а путем изменения корневых гласных (исключения): woman – women, man – men, child – children, tooth – teeth, foot – feet.

Притяжательный падеж используется, когда надо показать принадлежность предмета кому-либо: my father’s car, the cat’s basket. Притяжательный падеж образуется путем прибавления к слову апострофа (') и окончания -s. К существительному во множественном числе, имеющему окончание -s, суффикс не прибавляется, а после него ставится апостроф: the boys’ bikes. На русский язык существительные в притяжательном падеже чаще всего переводятся родительным падежом.

Артикль

В большинстве случаев английские существительные используются с артиклем: неопределённым  a/an или определенным  the.

Неопределенный артикль a/an употребляется только с исчисляемыми существительными в единственном числе, если о предмете говорят впервые, или предмет является одним из множества подобных: This is a pencil.

Определённый артикль the употребляется перед существительными как в единственном, так и во множественном числе, когда:

1. из контекста понятно, о каком предмете идет речь: Read the text!;
2. о предмете говорится во второй раз: This is a pen. The pen is red;
3. существительное имеет при себе лимитирующее определение: The book he has read is in the bookcase;
4. существительное обозначает предмет, единственный в своем роде: the sky, the Sun;
5. перед названиями океанов, морей, рек, горных хребтов, частей света и т.д.: the Pacific Ocean, the North, the Caucasus;
6. существительное является обстоятельством места: in the park;
7. перед фамилиями, употребляемыми во множественном числе для обозначения членов одной и той же семьи: the Browns.

Артикли не употребляются:

1) перед именами собственными: John Brown, Oxford, Wales;

2) перед названиями времён года, месяцев и дней недели: They go to the pool on Sundays.

LESSON 5

THE TYUMEN MEDICAL COLLEGE  

My name is Ann. I’m seventeen years old. I live in Tyumen. I have recently graduated from  school and entered the Tyumen Medical College. It is one of the best colleges in the city. Besides, I have always wanted to study medicine after school.

Our college is one of the oldest educational institutions in the city. It was founded in 1921. In 1992 the medical school received the status of the college. Today, the college provides education almost in all medical specialties. There are 7 departments at our college – of curative affair, nursing affair, obstetrician affair, pharmacy, laboratory diagnostics, orthopedic stomatology and preventive dentistry. Students learn such subjects as Anatomy, Latin, Сhemistry, Nursing, Genetics, Pharmacology, Hygiene, Microbiology and so on. Our college is rather well-equipped. There are several laboratories for practical studies, two classrooms of informatics, a large gym and a canteen. There is also a library with a good choice of medical books.

Since 1921 thousands of graduates have got decent education in healthcare area, and I’m very proud to be a student of the Tyumen Medical College.

GRAMMAR REVISION

1. Образуйте форму множественного числа существительных  man, woman, wife, scarf, half, foot, leaf, wolf, mouse, dwarf, handkerchief и заполните пропуски по смыслу:

1. It is possible to identify a lot of trees by looking at their ... 2. … are a race of short, stout humanoids. 3. The Earth is a sphere and is split into two … by an imaginary line called the equator. 4. … can be made of cotton, synthetic fabric or linen. 5. Some … have dogs and not … 6. Why do … control their husbands? 7. Working or exercising, we all spend an enormous amount of time on our ... 8. … spread disease and can damage your home. 9. … may travel 10 to 30 miles each day in search of food. 10. …  are perfect accessories for any occasion.

2. Заполните пропуски соответствующими формами глагола to be:

1. The first spectacles… made in Italy in the 13th century. 2. What can employees do if their wages … paid late? 3. Some goods … banned or require a licence for transportation, such as fruit, vegetables and seeds. 4. Pliers … small pincers with long jaws, for bending wire or holding small objects. 5. Scissors … now designed ergonomically with rubber handles. 6. Jeans … trousers made from denim or dungaree cloth. 7. Trousers … once seen as exclusively male clothes, but are nowadays worn by both genders. 8. For the rich Tudors fashion was important; their clothes … very elaborate. 9. It’s not quite clear how visual dream contents … represented by brain activity. 10. Riches … not an end of life, but an instrument of life.

3. Образуйте форму притяжательного падежа существительных:

a painter / a wife,  a writer / a blog,   a soldier / an oath,  an officer /a uniform,  a spy / a secret address,  a lady / a maid,  an actress / a role, a coach / an award, a pharmacist / advice, a receptionist / documents, a waitress / children.

4.  Поставьте данные в скобках существительные в форму притяжательного падежа и заполните пропуски притяжательными местоимениями по смыслу:

1. I don’t feel safe when … (friend) dog is around. 2. We are always happy to accept … (parents) aid. 3. When parents are involved in … (children) education, both children and parents are likely to benefit. 4. Our colleague says that … (sister) life turned upside down when her boyfriend left her. 5. He says that

… (boss) daughter has refused to date with him. 6. Should a bride have any control over … (fiance) bachelor party? 7. Two seventeen-year-old guys have recently crashed … (uncle) car into a tree. 8. We highly appreciate … (instructor) teaching method. 9. The directors consider that … (managers) skills

are necessary for the tasks they fulfill.

5. Заполните пропуски нулевым или определенным артиклем:

1. Students usually take … notes at lectures…. notes are very important while preparing for taking exams. 2. There are … plants at our office. … plants improve air quality and reduce stress. 3. There are … hills and … mountains in this area. … hills hold much snow in winter. 4. There are … elephants in London Zoo. … elephants are enormous and intelligent, strong and sociable. 5. Some sites provide a variety of … answers to commonly asked questions. … answers cover the numerous topics of interest. 6. We try to avoid … conflicts at work because … conflicts lead to negativity all around. 7. We stopped to greet … neighbours. … neighbours stopped to greet us too. 8. I don’t remember my taking part in … performances. … performances started after I had finished secondary school.

LESSON 6

MY FUTURE PROFESSION

1. Read the text:

THE CHOICE OF PROFESSION

During our school life we begin to think about our future profession. After leaving school some young people start working, go into business, the others get professional or higher education. While choosing a career you should take into consideration all main possibilities that your future profession provides. The profession must be interesting, it must give you an opportunity to earn a living and you must be sure of your future job. There are many professions in the world, so it is quite difficult to choose one. Some follow their own choice, the others – their parents’ advice. As for me, I have chosen the profession of a medical worker, because this ancient profession is noble and respectable. A medical worker prevents diseases and prolongs life of people. His duty is to treat people and fight against infections. To be a good medical worker means to be honest, unselfish, hard-working, attentive to people, responsible and optimistic. I must work hard to realize my dream to become a medical worker.

2. Find English equivalents for these words and word combinations:

выбирать карьеру, следовать  своему выбору, следовать совету родителей, принимать во внимание, зарабатывать на жизнь, благородный,  уважаемый, предотвратить болезнь, продлять жизнь, лечить людей, бороться с инфекцией, честный, бескорыстный, трудолюбивый, ответственный.

3. Give advice to school pupils how to choose a future career. Use the verbs to realize, to think, to take, to make, to choose, to work:    

1. … about your future job during your school life.
2. … into consideration all main possibilities of the profession.
3. … your choice.
4. … an interesting profession.
5. … a well-paid profession.
6. … a right decision.
7. … hard.
8. … your wishes.

4. Look at the adjectives. Tell what kind of a person a medical worker must be:

honest, selfish, lazy, hard-working, irresponsible, angry, depressed, unselfish, optimistic, frustrated, attentive to people, ill-bred, responsible.

5. Fill in the gaps with the necessary adjectives:

1. Jack always tells the truth. He is …

2. Mary always works hard. She is …

3. Charles believes good things happen. He is …

4. Ann likes to help people. She is …

5. John pays much attention to his friends. He is …

6. Celia always keeps her word and does everything she promises. She is …

6. Answer the questions:

1. Do you think about your future life?

2. Do you find your future profession interesting?

3. Does your future profession give you a chance to earn a living?

4. Do you follow your choice or parents’ advice?

5. What do you do to master your profession?

6. Do you devote yourself to studies?

7. Read the text:

MEDICAL LABORATORY TECHNICIAN

Medical laboratory technician is a specialist who belongs to the category of secondary medical personnel. Doctors examine patients and diagnose diseases, but in most cases it is very difficult or even impossible to recognize the disease without the results of laboratory studies. Different diseases often have similar symptoms, and without appropriate analyses it is impossible to make an accurate diagnosis. Laboratory technician conducts laboratory research in clinical diagnostic laboratories, prepares samples and chemical reagents, tools and equipment, conducts and studies tests, sterilizes instruments etc.    

The work of medical laboratory technician consists of analytical and operator fields of activity. In addition, the development of an effective treatment regimen for the patient directly depends on the results of the studies. Laboratory diagnostics is a highly demanded  speciality in the medical industry.

Graduates of this speciality can work in clinics and hospitals, laboratories, blood transfusion stations etc.

8. Speak about your future profession.

TOPIC 2.  THE  MEDICAL EDUCATION

LESSONS 7-8

THE  MEDICAL EDUCATION IN RUSSIA

1. Match the words and their translation:

2. Fill in the gaps with the necessary words:

1. Leaving school boys and girls choose different … … to get a profession.

2. Mike studies at the medical …

3. Students take exams or … … at the end of each … .

4. You should do sports in this sporting club, it is rather …  .

5. There is a  … for students from the countryside.

6. I am making a research for my … … .

7. I am good at tennis and I am going to … …   in the tennis tournament.

8. My sister … a profession of a medical worker in the college.

3. Learn the words and word expressions:

4. Read the text:

The Medical Education in Russia

Every year many young people who really love medicine enter medical colleges or universities. Medical colleges give the opportunity to get secondary medical education. Any boy or girl can apply to the medical college if he or she has a high average score of school certificate. In Russia there are more than 300 colleges, where one can choose the speciality he prefers: curative affair, nursing affair, pharmacy, stomatology, laboratory diagnostics, etc.  

Curriculum of medical colleges includes a three- or four-year course. Any college has special well-equipped classrooms for theoretical and practical studies. Students learn pre-clinical and clinical subjects, such as Human Anatomy, the Latin language, Pharmacology, Microbiology, Surgery and so on. Students have practical training at different clinics and hospitals, because it is the main part of the course. They work at laboratories and make analysis for their scientific work.

Each academic year consists of two semesters (terms). At the end of each term students take exams and credit tests. Many students get scholarships. Some students live at the hostel, the others stay with their relatives. Students can take an active part in the life of the college.

                   During the course of studies students master the basis of theoretical and practical medicine. Finishing the course the students take state examinations in three or four main subjects. When they have passed their exams, they become medical workers and may begin their practical work.

5. Answer the questions:

1. Who usually enters the medical college?

2. What education do young people get at the medical college?

3. What faculties are there in the colleges?

4. How many medical colleges are there in Russia?

5. What subjects do students study?

6. Where do students have practical training?

7. What do students do after finishing the course?

6. Translate the sentences into English:

1. Медицинские специальности очень популярны в нашей стране.
2. В нашем колледже 4 факультета: сестринское дело, лечебное дело, фармация и  лабораторная диагностика.
3. Наши студенты имеют возможность получить хорошее образование.
4. Они изучают доклинические и клинические предметы, проходят практику в больницах и работают в лабораториях.
5. В конце каждого учебного года студенты сдают экзамены и зачёты.
6. Многие студенты принимают активное участие в жизни колледжа.
7. Оканчивая колледж, студенты становятся медицинскими работниками и начинают работать.

7. Speak about the educational establishment of your friend:

1. Where does he study?

2. What’s his future profession?

3. What does he study?  

4. Does he get а scholarship?  

5. Does he take part in the public life?  

6. Does he take exams and credit tests each term?  

7. Does he like his studies?        

8. Choose the best ending for each of the sentences:

9. Speak about the medical college.

10. Read and translate the text:

Medical Higher Education in Russia

In Russia young people who want to become doctors apply to medical universities. The medical course is divided into the pre-clinical, clinical course and residency. The pre-clinical course lasts for two years. Each academic year is divided into two terms. During their pre-clinical course students attend lectures and seminars on the basic medical sciences such as anatomy, histology, physiology and biochemistry. They also have practical classes on these subjects. Their curriculum also includes biology, chemistry, physics and foreign languages.

The clinical course takes four years. The students are trained in clinical subjects such as therapy, surgery, pathology, obstetrics and gynaecology, neurology, paediatrics, etc. They also attend courses in diagnostics and prophylaxis. They assist doctors in the wards, in the operating theatre and in out-patient departments.

The next two years students have residency training. They gain more experience in the main clinical subjects – internal diseases, surgery, neurology or obstetrics and gynaecology and choose their future specialization.

11. Answer the questions:

1. Where is it possible to get higher medical education?

2. What are the parts of the medical course?

3. What subjects do students study at the pre-clinical course?

4. How long does the pre-clinical course last?

5. How long does the clinical course last?

6. What subjects does the curriculum of the clinical course include?

7. Where do students have the opportunity to get specialization?

GRAMMAR MATERIAL

Притяжательные и возвратно-усилительные местоимения

Притяжательные местоимения выполняют функцию определения, употребляются перед существительным и отвечают на вопрос чей?

Притяжательные местоимения могут использоваться в абсолютной форме, в этом случае они заменяют собой существительные.

Например: My cat is 5 years old, and how old is yours? (=your cat) – Моему коту пять лет, а сколько лет твоему (коту)?

Возвратно-усилительные местоимения образуются с помощью суффикса -self для единственного числа и -selves для множественного.

Exercise 1. Translate into English:

1. Он сделал эту игрушку сам. 2. Наш колледж находится в центре города. 3. После завтрака я одеваюсь и иду в колледж. 4. Ее родители хотят, чтобы она стала медицинской сестрой (to become). 5. Его брат попросил меня представиться (to introduce). 6. Они должны сами позаботиться о себе (to care). 7. Моя младшая сестра сама открыла дверь (younger). 8. Наш учитель сказал, что мы должны успокоиться (to calm). 9. Вы должны закончить эту работу сами.

Exercise 2. Use the appropriate form of the possessive pronoun:

1. She put out __ hand and took out __ (her, hers; my, mine). (Hemingway) 2. "Let me see your passports," I gave him __ and Catherine got __ out of __ handbag (my, mine; her, hers). (Hemingway) 3. Mind __ own business and I'll mind __  (your, yours; my, mine). (Lindsay) 4. Diitcher put his hand gently on __ to calm her (her, hers). (/. Shaw) 5. __ nerves are as bad as __ (your, yours; my, mine). (Greene) 6. His eyes were as bright as __ (her, hers). (Snow) 7. His own hand shook as he accepted a rose or two from ___ and thanked her (her, hers). (Dickens)

LESSONS 9-10

THE MEDICAL EDUCATION IN THE USA

1. Find the English equivalents in the text below:

1. начальное школьное образование
2. средняя школа
3. пройти курс подготовительного (домедицинского) обучения
4. длится 3 года
5. подает заявление в медицинскую школу
6. успеваемость
7. отбор студентов
8. вступительный тест
9. приемная комиссия
10. оценивать общие способности
11. конкурс на место
12. быть принятым
13. учебная больница
14. присоединенный
15. принимать участие
16. получить степень доктора медицины

2. Read and translate the text and find differences between Russian and American systems of education:

Primary school education generally takes the pupils from the age of 6 to the age of 14 years, and secondary school – to the age of 18. After finishing his secondary school the candidate for medical school must take a course of premedical studies in a college or university. This course lasts for 3 years and prepares the candidates for a medical school. A student applies for admission to a medical school when he has completed premedical studies. Academic achievement is the most important factor in the selection of students. In most medical schools candidates take the admission test. The test lasts about 8 hours and includes questions in biology, chemistry, physics, mathematics and English. Then, the special admission committees have personal interviews with the candidates in order to assess the candidate’s general abilities, character and his abilities to study medicine. The competition for places is very difficult and only about half of the students who apply to a medical school are accepted and begin their medical education.

The basic medical sciences are learned during the first two years of medical studies. The students study anatomy, biophysics [baiə'fiziks], biochemistry [baiə'kemistri], physiology [fizi'olədʒi], bacteri'ology, histology, microbi'ology, pathology, pharma'cology and laboratory diagnosis [daiəg'nouzis]. During the final two years the curriculum consists of clinical subjects: pediatrics, obstetrics and gynaecology [dʒainə'kolədʒi], surgery, psychiatry [saɪˈkaɪətrɪ], internal diseases and others. Medical students have practical work at teaching hospitals affiliated to the medical school. Students in small groups meet their teachers in the wards and in the out-patient departments where they participate in the treatment of the patients. At the end of 4 years all students receive the Degree of Doctor of Medicine. Then they must work in the hospital for one year as interns. The period of residency is obligatory for all medical graduates. It may last from 3 to 8 years. After the residency the graduate is granted a license to practice and he may work in government service or have private practice.  American medical schools also provide degree in nursing.

3. Write down and remember medical subjects, mind their pronunciation.

4. Speak on: a) school education in the USA, b) premedical studies.

5. Speak on: a) practical studies, b) internship, c) residency.

GRAMMAR MATERIAL

Exercise 1. Translate the sentences using the word expression to be going to…:

1. Я собираюсь написать роман (a novel). 2. Мой друг собирается жениться (to marry). 3. Мои коллеги собираются устроить вечеринку (to have a party). 4. Наш менеджер не собирается изменить (to change) мир. 5. Мои соседи собираются в Мексику. 6. Ты собираешься меня покинуть? (to leave) 7. Ты собираешься найти (to find) новую работу? 8. Что ты собираешься делать на выходных (on weekend)? 9. Что ты собираешься рассказать мне о себе? 10. Где ты собираешься остановиться (to stay) в Лондоне? 11. Как ты собираешься отметить (to celebrate) свой день рождения? 13. Кто собирается стать (to become) миллионером? 14. Кто собирается изучать латынь? 15. Почему ты не собираешься участвовать в концерте?

The construction "there + to be"

Оборот "there + to be"  в английском языке употребляется тогда, когда нужно указать на местоположение того или иного объекта. Например:  В комнате находятся три доктора. – There are three doctors in the room. Обратите внимание на порядок слов в таких предложениях:

Формы глагола  to be: is, are (Present),

   was, were (Past),

   will be (Future).

There is a kitten in the corner. - В углу (сидит) котенок.

There are many students in the hall. - В холле много студентов.

There was a car near the shop. - Возле магазина была (стояла) машина.

There were green trees in the center of the square. - В центре площади были зеленые деревья.

There will be a lot of pupils in the bus. - В автобусе будет много учащихся.

Exercise 2. Make up sentences with the construction there + to be:

Exercise 3. Insert is or are:

1. There … two cups of tea on the table.
2. There … some milk in the cup.
3. There … an orange in the salad.
4. There … six balls in the box.
5. There … some cheese on the plate.
6. There … three rooms in our country house.
7. … there three cups on the coffee-table?
8. … there a carpet on the floor?
9. There … a cat on the table.
10. There … 3 dogs in the box.
11. … there a bathroom near the kitchen?
12.  … there four rooms in the house?

Exercise 4. Translate from Russian into English:

1. На нашей улице 2 банка.
2. В парке есть кинотеатр.
3. В нашем городе много колледжей.
4. В нашей группе 20 девушек и 5 юношей.
5. Пять лет назад на центральной площади было 2 магазина, сейчас здесь 2 кафе и кинотеатр.
6. В нашем колледже 5 отделений (факультетов/специальностей).
7. На отделении лабораторной диагностики 5 групп.
8. На отделении стоматологии 4 группы.

Exercise 5. Read the sentences. Draw your picture:

1. There is some food in the fridge.
2. There is some cheese оn the shelf.
3. There are some sausages to the right of the cheese.
4. There are two cucumbers on the shelf.
5. There is a red tomato to the left of the cucumbers.
6. There is some cabbage behind the tomato.

Exercise 6. Write the sentences in negative and interrogative forms:

1. There are many students in the classroom.
2. There are four parks in the city.
3. There is a good café not far from our house.
4. There is only one way to get a profession – to study well.

LESSON 11

THE MEDICAL EDUCATION IN GREAT BRITAIN

Text 1. Entry Requirements (требования для поступления)

Read the text and find English equivalents of the words below:

Entrants to a medical school in Great Britain must be not younger than 18 years old. They must pass BMAT (Biomedical Admission Test) which lasts 2 hours. It tests their general abilities and knowledge. All candidates must have GCSE (General Certificate of Secondary Education) at grade B or A in Mathematics and English. They also must study Chemistry, Biology and Physics at advanced level (A level) before entering any medical school. The competition for places is very high. The staff of the medical school selects candidates for interview and makes the best ones offers of places.

            Medical schools charge tuition fees for education. Most students receive financial assistance in the form of grants, which cover their expenses wholly or partly.

1. абитуриент
2. тестировать
3. длиться
4. общие способности и знания
5. сертификат о среднем образовании
6. оценка "хорошо" или "отлично" по…
7. повышенный уровень
8. конкурс на место
9. персонал медицинской школы
10. выбирать
11. предложение
12. взимать плату за…
13. получать финансовую помощь
14. покрывать расходы
15. целиком или частично

Text 2. THE CURRICULUM

Read the text about the curriculum and fill in the table:

            Students spend five years studying different medical sciences: Human Anatomy, Biology, Physiology, Biochemistry, Statistics, Genetics, the Methods of Clinical Examinations, History, General Pathology, Microbiology, Pharmacology, Community Medicine and others. Students attend lectures, do analyses and practical works in labs. They follow up their patients and attend wards rounds (обходы). After five years of studies students get degrees of Bachelor of Medicine (B.M) or Bachelor of Surgery (B.S.). These degrees give the right to registration as a medical practitioner.