Учебное пособие "Медицинская терминология"

г. Кызыл

ул. Кечил-оола 2 «а»

тел.: 6-1150

ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОЕ УЧРЕЖДЕНИЕ

СРЕДНЕГО ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ

КЫЗЫЛСКОЕ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ МЕДИЦИНСКОЕ УЧИЛИЩЕ

МЕДИЦИНСКАЯ ТЕРМИНОЛОГИЯ

В ПОМОЩЬ СТУДЕНТУ,

ИЗУЧАЮЩЕМУ АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК В МЕДИЦИНСКОМ УЧИЛИЩЕ

Монгуш С.М.

КЫЗЫЛ – 2008

ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОЕ УЧРЕЖДЕНИЕ

СРЕДНЕГО ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ

КЫЗЫЛСКОЕ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ МЕДИЦИНСКОЕ УЧИЛИЩЕ

Монгуш С.М.

Медицинская терминология

Пособие по английскому языку

для специальностей:

  060101 (52) Лечебное дело повышенный уровень СП образования: фельдшер

060109 (51) Сестринское дело базовый уровень СП

образования: медицинская сестра

                                                                                      Автор:

                                                                          Монгуш С.М.,

                                         преподаватель английского языка

                                                       первой категории, КГМУ  

Рецензент:

В.В. Монгуш – старший преподаватель кафедры английского языка ТывГУ;

Консультанты: Р.С. Шалчима, Н.П. Егорова, Г.В. Аракчаа, А.А. Биче-оол.

2007г.

Пояснительная записка

Настоящее пособие предназначено для студентов медицинских образовательных учреждений СПО, изучающих клинические дисциплины.

Содержание пособия соответствует требованиям государственного образовательного стандарта по специальностям «Лечебное дело» и «Сестринское дело».

Пособие представляет собой  англо – русско - тувинский словарь по разделу «Человеческое тело», основную медицинскую терминологию и медицинские темы, отражающие наиболее актуальные вопросы региональных особенностей по таким специальным дисциплинам, как: «Терапия», «Хирургия», «Инфекционные заболевания», «Акушерство и гинекология» и «Кожные болезни». Например, по статистике заболеваемость инфекционным гепатитом и сифилисом занимает одно из первых мест среди заболеваний в республике.

В англо – русско - тувинский глоссарий включены слова по разделу «Человеческое тело», которые помогут студентам, затрудняющимся в усвоении частей тела не только на английском, но и русском языках. Все слова и выражения расположены в алфавитном порядке.

Цель пособия – развить навыки устной речи, помочь изучающим английский язык овладеть разговорной речью по медицинской тематике.

Задачей разработки данного пособия является научить студентов медицинских образовательных учреждений СПО профессиональному общению с пациентами и коллегами на английском языке с целью активной адаптации специалиста лечебного дела на рынке труда.

Пособие может быть использовано студентами медицинских училищ и колледжей, врачами, переводчиками и аспирантами – всеми, чья профессиональная деятельность связана с медициной.

CONTENTS

Содержание

Part I

Conversational expressions

1. Human body. English – Russian- Tuvan glossary ………………. 5

2. General medical terminology ……………………………………10

3. Words and word combinations ………………………………….. 12

Part II

Medical topics for reading

1. Therapy. Pneumonia ………………………………………………18
2. Infectious diseases. Hepatitis ………………………………………20
3. Surgery. Acute appendicitis ……………………………………...  24
4. Skin diseases. Syphilis …………………………………………….26
5. Pediatrics. Rickets …………………………………………………28
6. Expressions for dialogues …………………………………………30
7. Filling in a case history ……………………………………………33
8. List of literature ……………………………………………………35

I. Conversational expressions

HUMAN BODY -  Человеческое тело

English – Russian – Tuvan glossary

GENERAL MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY

Основная медицинская терминология

WORDS AND WORD COMBINATIONS

–

II. MEDICAL TOPICS FOR READING

Therapy – Терапия

PNEUMONIA

        Pneumonia is inflammation of the lungs. The disease is caused by different microbes and viruses. Newly born, weak babies and smokers are often subject to pneumonia. Children having rickets, anemia can easily catch it too.  

        The symptoms of the disease: high temperature, shortness of breath, constant cough with mucous-purulent sputum, general weakness, headaches.  

        Treatment: Sick people with pneumonia usually must be taken to the hospital or stay in bed. The ward (room) must be often aired. Sick children must be often turned from side to side. Mothers must keep such children in arms as often as they can.

Pneumonia is treated with the help of antibiotics: penicillin and others. When the temperature falls mustard plasters must be applied. Fruits and vegetables must be included. It is necessary to drink warm drink. The skin of patients must be always clean.

Recommendations: 1. To avoid pneumonia children must be washed with cold water from an early age.

2. Grown ups must lead a healthy mode of life (go in for sports) and strengthen immunity. Smoking is prohibited.

        Words and word combinations:

Infectious diseases - Инфекционные болезни

Hepatitis

        Hepatitis is a viral infection. The pathogens are different viruses of hepatitis. The disease affects hepatic cells and the bile ducts. During this disease the nervous system, the kidneys and the spleen are affected. The spleen is enlarged.

        Causes: Virus “A” of hepatitis is a pathogene of epidemic hepatitis. Infection enters the body through stool or urine when eating infected food, drinking water or personal contact.

        Virus “B” is a pathogene of serum hepatitis. It may enter the body through blood during injections. Nurses and doctors must be very careful to serum hepatitis.

        Incubation period lasts for 2-7 weeks for epidemic hepatitis. It lasts for 6-26 weeks for serum hepatitis.

        Clinical symptoms: In the prodromal period a sick person may suffer from weakness, some pain in joints, nausea, bad appetite. When the person has jaundice he may have yellow skin, clear stool, urine of brown beer colored.

        Nota bene: Sometimes hepatitis occurs without jaundice, but the patient is very virulent.

        Laboratory examinations:         Bilirubin rises in the serum. One can see considerable elevation of the erythrocyte sedimentation rate. There is biliribin in urine. The patient has clear stool.

        Development of the disease: Epidemic hepatitis (virus “A”) comes to end without complications if the patient has a good treatment. After this disease the liver functions are normal. Serum hepatitis (virus “B”) turns into a chronic form. Jaundice disappears, but weakness, a bad appetite, high erythrocyte sedimentation rate and high transaminase in blood remain. In the future cirrhosis of the liver may appear.

Treatment:

        The patient must stay in bed. He must be isolated during   high erythrocyte sedimentation rate and high transaminase. Isolation can last for 3-4 months. The patient must stay in bed for a long time not to have a chronic form of the disease.

Prophylactic measures:

1. One must use one –piece syringes during injections.
2. Sterilization in autoclaves.

Nota bene:

1. Boiling doesn`t  kill viruses of hepatitis.
2. Blood donation must be controlled.
3. The patient mustn`t give blood after jaundice and after contact with the person who is ill with hepatitis.

Words and word combinations:

Surgery - Хирургия

Acute appendicitis

The diagnosis of this common disease may be obvious in many cases, but, on the other hand, it may be difficult. Every patient should be seen by a surgeon. Only a surgeon decides to operate (or not to operate) or when to operate a patient.

Clinical symptoms:  

1. sudden pain in the right side of the abdomen and, as a rule, soon (in 3-4 hours)it localizes in the right lower quadrant (iliac region)
2. disturbance of the digestive functions, consisting of loss of appetite, nausea, often vomiting, and constipation (during a day or two)
3. tenderness to touch in the right iliac region
4. thirst and a  high temperature.

Treatment: In no circumstances should a purgative be given. The treatment of acute appendicitis is surgical. In the postoperative period doctors usually prescribe patients antibacterial treatment.

Recommendations: To avoid physical exertions for 1 month and to increase immunity by correct food.

Words and word combinations:

Skin diseases

SYPHILIS

Veneral diseases are singled out into a separate group of diseases as they are very infectious. They are called so after the Greek goddess of love Venus. Now the number of people, suffering from veneral diseases increases in Russia. Syphilis is a chronic veneral disease which affects all organs and tissues.

Causes: The cause of the disease is the infection, which penetrates into the body through an affected skin and is spread all over the body by the blood. As a result of the disease – liver, kidneys and the nervous system are affected. The main transmission` s way is sexual.

Symptoms and development of the disease: Syphilis passes some stages. In the first stage chancre (it may be in the form of open ulcer or pimple) forms. It usually appears in 3 weeks after the infection, but sometimes in 10 days or 3 months.

The second stage usually begins in 6-10 weeks after the infection. By this time chancre disappears but one can see rash on the whole body or extremities. Sometimes there are small sores (ulcer) in the mouth or around vagina. Like chancre, small sores and rash are very virulent.  

During the next stage a patient has big sores which are localized in bones or tissues, for example, in liver, heart and vessels.  

Treatment: At early stages the disease can be completely cured. If the patient is not treated or tries to treat himself, the disease becomes very serious and it might lead to death.

In 1942 doctors began to treat syphilis by penicillin. Antibiotics are a very effective remedy in treatment even of the last stages of syphilis.  

Prophylactic measures: One must keep in mind that the earlier the treatment is begun, the quicker the disease is cured. People must lead a healthy mode of life and use condoms for safety sex.  

Words and word combinations:

Pediatrics – Педиатрия

RICKETS

Children may suffer from rickets from an early age.

Causes: The reason for it is the lack of sunlight and vitamin D2 in food and wrong care of children. As a result the body needs more phosphorus and calcium. It affects one` s central nervous system and internal organs.

Symptoms of the disease: The first symptoms of rickets may appear very early when the child is only 2 or 3 months old. The bones become soft and can easily break. The ribs become  thicker. The chest is deformed. Legs change their shape. Also a child has insomnia, sweating, softening of the scull. The back of the head sweats and a wet place appears on the pillow. The baby tosses his head from side to side and the back of the baby` s head becomes bald. Children often suffer from cold, constipation and anemia. Children often cry, sleep badly. They hold up a head later than other children do; sit later. Grown up children with rickets have protruding bellies, big heads and crooked legs.

Treatment: Doctors usually use vitamin D2 in treatment rickets. Children must be fed correctly. They must be given milk, juices and vegetables. They must be in the open air. They must have coniferous baths. Massage is also of great use.

Prophylactic measures: If a mother feeds a baby correctly, keeps the baby in the open air for many hours, her baby will not have rickets.

Words and word combinations:

EXPRESSIONS FOR DIALOGUES

 Выражения для диалогов

Therapy

1. What are you complaining of? – На что вы жалуетесь?
2. What troubles you? – Что вас беспокоит?
3. When did you fall ill? – Когда вы заболели?
4. What were the symptoms? – Каковы были симптомы?
5. What medicine did you take? Какие вы принимали лекарства?
6. Was the onset sudden? – Был ли приступ внезапным?
7. Was the onset gradual? – Был ли приступ постепенным?
8. Do you suffer from dyspnea? - Страдаете ли вы одышкой?
9. Do you tolerate antibiotics well? – Хорошо ли вы переносите антибиотики?
10. How long does the pain last? – Как долго вы испытываете боль?

Infectious diseases

1. What troubles you? – Что вас беспокоит?
2. When did the pains start? - Когда начались боли?
3. What were the first symptoms? - Каковы были первые симптомы?
4. What did you eat before the disturbances? – Что вы ели перед нарушением?
5. Do you have diarrhea? - Есть ли у вас понос?
6. Was the stool loose and with blood? – Был ли стул жидким и с кровью?

7. 
   Do you feel weakness? - Чувствуете ли вы слабость?
8. Do you always keep the hygiene? - Всегда ли вы соблюдаете гигиену?
9. Do you suffer from vomiting or nausea? - Страдаете ли вы от рвоты и тошноты?
10. Do you have rash? - Есть ли у вас сыпь?

Surgery

1. What troubles you? – Что вас беспокоит?
2. Where do you feel pains? Где вы чувствуете боли?
3. Are the pains severe? Боли резкие (сильные)?
4. Are the pains constant or temporary? Боли постоянные или временные?
5. Do the pains appear on physical exertion? Появляются ли боли при физических нагрузках?
6. Do you have any disturbances (nausea, vomiting, burning)? – Есть ли у вас какие-либо нарушения (тошнота, рвота, жжение)?
7. What relieves the pains? – Что облегчает боль?
8. What kind of vomit did you have: with blood, coffee-ground? – Какого рода рвотные массы у вас были: с кровью, цвета «кофейной гущи»?
9. Do you have diarrhea or constipation? У вас понос или запор?
10. When do the pains appear: after meal or on an empty stomach? Когда боли появились: после еды или при голодном желудке? 

1. Do you have any genital discharge? - Есть ли у вас выделения?

2. Is the discharge excessive (moderate, purulent, blood-stained, smelly)? - Обильные ли у вас выделения (умеренные, гнойные, кровянистые)?
3. At what age did you have your first menstrual period? – В каком возрасте у вас начался первый менструальный цикл?
4. At what age did the menopause come on? – В каком возрасте у вас наступила менопауза?
5. Do you have any pains during your period? Есть ли у вас боли во время месячных?
6. Are your periods regular or irregular? – Регулярны (нерегулярны) ли ваши месячные?
7. What is the character of the pains (severe, moderate, dull)? – Какой характер этих болей (резкий, умеренный, притупленный)?
8. In what position do the pains increase? В каком положении боли усиливаются?
9. Have you had any gynecological disorders? – Были ли у вас гинекологические нарушения?
10. Did you have any miscarriages? Были ли у вас случаи самопроизвольного аборта (выкидыша)?

FILLING IN A CASE HISTORY

Заполнение истории больного

1. What is your full name?

2. How old are you? (When were you born)?

3. Are you married or single?

4. What is your occupation? (What are you)?

5. Where do you work?

6. What is your home address?

7. What are you complaining of?

8. When did you fall ill?

9. Was the onset sudden or gradual?

10. What were the first symptoms of your disease?

11. What diseases did you suffer from in childhood?

12. Have you undergone any operations? What for?

13.  Are your parents alive? What did they die of?

14. Do any of your children suffer from tuberculosis?

Diabetes? Alcoholism? Psychic diseases?

15. Are there any hereditary diseases in your family?

CASE HISTORY

Patient`s name _____________________________________

Sex: F   M

Age _____________________________________________

Date of birth ______________________________________

Family status ______________________________________

Home address _____________________________________

_________________________________________________

Home phone ______________________________________

Position __________________________________________

Allergies _________________________________________

Hereditary diseases _________________________________

_________________________________________________

Undergone operations _______________________________

Complains ________________________________________

_________________________________________________

Preliminary Diagnosis _______________________________

_________________________________________________

Date _____________________________________________

Signature _________________________________________

Список использованной литературы

1. Аванесьянц Э.М., Кахацкая Н.В., Английский язык для старших курсов, Москва, «Анми», 2001г.
2. Бартан О.О., Ондар Э.А., Тыва дылда эмнелге созулугу, Кызыл, Типография Республики Тыва, 2002г.
3. Вомянская О.А., Англо – русский словарь для специалистов-медиков, Москва, «ЧеРо», 2001г.
4. Тылкина С.А., Темчина Н.А., Пособие по английскому языку для медицинских училищ.