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Prevention of infectious diseases during the Great Patriotic War Профилактика инфекционных заболеваний в годы Великой Отечественной Войны Soloviova Elizabeth 3-d grade Tauras school Scientific supervisor: Petrova Irina Leonovna Saint-Petersburg city 2025

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Target of work : to identify the most basic methods of preventing infectious diseases during the Second World War. Work tasks: 1. To identify the most common infectious diseases. 2. Consider in detail each method of prevention of diseases. 3. To mark the names of famous medical workers who developed vaccines.

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Wars are always accompanied by epidemics and outbreakes of infections diseases

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There are many reasons: Mass migration of population Difficulties in burying dead people and animals Destruction of production and public facilities Shortage of medical workers and medicines

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From the first days of the war, unti -epidemic work became an important part of the activities of the Ministry of Defense

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Epidemics have claimed the lives of thousands of adults and children.

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Cholera. Eating dirty food, dirty water and unsanitary conditions. First signs: vomit, diarrhea, stomach pain

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Tyleramia Tularemia. The infection is spread by haves, rabbits and field mice. First signs: high temperature, fever, limph node pain. Began in 1942 near Stalingrad.

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Typhys The infection is spread by body lice and unsanitary conditions. First signs: skin rash, high temperature, headache, weakness

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Malaria. Was widespread in Western Siberia. First signs: sweating, high temperature, anemia.

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Pediculosis. Unsanitary conditions, dirty clothes, dirty hair, mass migration First signs : itching on the skin, irritability , head itching

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Various preventive measures were carried out. I propose to consider the most basic ones. Barrier method. The first barrier - new groups of soldiers were separate from the others. The second barrier: infectious patients stayed in field hospitals

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Bath and laundry units. Bath and desinfection trains were created. By February 1942 200 laundry units had been formed

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Food quality control. During military operations people tried to deliver food at least twice a day Food should be fresh and vitamin rich. The water was boiled and chlorinated . Pine needle infusion helped the body get vitamin C

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Actively grew vegetables: beets, carrots, turnips Soups were made from sorrel Yeast from wood - protein source. Production was at the Mikoyan factory.

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Penicilin In 1942 Zinaida Ermoleva developed penicillin. This saved hundreds of thousands of lives of Red Army soldiers.

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Vaccine In 1942 Alexey Vasilevich Pshenichnov developed a vaccine to prevent typhus

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Vaccine Gaiskiy Nikolay Akimovich developed a vaccine against tularemia.

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Polyvalent vaccine NIISI Two doctors, Nikolay Aleksandrov and Nina Gefen have created a polyvalent vaccine NIISI against seven infections

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Suffered from typhus During the Great Patriotic War about 136 thousand people suffered from typhus. More than 250 thousand people suffered tylaremia .

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The Soviet Medicine The experience of Soviet medicine during the war years served as an example for other countries.

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I finished my report. Thank you very much for your attention.

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List of used internet resources: https ://46.rospotrebnadzor.ru https://www.historymed.ru https://milmed.spb.ru https://tass.ru https://cgon.rospotrebnadzor.ru https://elibrary.ru