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ПРАКТИЧЕСКИХ РАБОТ

по дисциплине: Иностранный язык

09.02.05 Прикладная информатика

2 курс

Перечень

ПРАКТИЧЕСКИХ РАБОТ

по дисциплине: Иностранный язык

3 курс

Перечень

ПРАКТИЧЕСКИХ РАБОТ

по дисциплине: Иностранный язык

4 курс

1 курс

ПРАКТИЧЕСКАЯ РАБОТА № 1

Тема: Английский язык. Введение темы, новой лексики.

Цель: вспомнить и закрепить употребление времени Present S.

Задание: Раскрыть скобки

 Упражнение 1. Put the verbs in the Present Simple form.

1. One fly_____________ (to fly) , two flies _____________ (to fly).
2. One girl _____________ (to cry), four girls _____________ (to cry).
3. When a wolf _____________ (to see) the moon, it _____________ (to begin) to howl (выть).
4. Wolves and sheep _____________ (to be) never friends.
5. Our hens _____________ (to lay [откладывать]) a lot of eggs.
6. Boys _____________ (to fight) and_____________ (to shout).
7. That boy _____________ (to try) to catch some balls.
8. These girls _____________ (to try) to run away from an angry turkey.
9. If one goose _____________ (to have) one tooth, how many teeth _____________ (to have) thirteen geese?

Упражнение 2. Вставьте глаголы из скобок в форме Present Simple. Yan is at a summer camp in Poland. Write what he usually does in the camp. Put the verbs in bracket in the correct form.

He ________ (get) up at 7. He ________ (have) his English lesson every day. Не ________   (speak) English to his friends. He   ________  (play) board games in the afternoon. Sometimes he  ________  (swim) in the lake. He often  ________ (go) hiking. He sometimes  ________ (sit) by the camp fire in the evenings. He never  ________ (go) on a trip without his friends.

ПРАКТИЧЕСКАЯ РАБОТА № 2

Тема: Работа с текстом на тему “Работа в сфере ИТ”

Цель: познакомить студентов с л.е. по данной теме

Задание:

№1. Fill in the table

№2. Answer the question

What profession do you think is best in information technology? And why?

Information technology – often shortened to just IT – is a buzz phrase you’ve probably heard ad nauseum if you happen to work with IT personnel or went to school for anything related to computers. IT workers are highly specialized in their field, which is probably why they’re often just called “IT nerds.” They like what they do and understand it inside and out. IT workers are also essential to just about every modern business model. If a company relies on phones and emails, chances are that there’s an IT professional behind it all making sure the cogs in the machine function properly.

So what’s the real benefit of being the behind-the-scenes technological lifeblood of a company? Excellent pay is your reward, more often than not. As the economy finds its footing and more jobs open up, expect the requirements of IT professionals to be vast as ever. Curious what you might like to do and how much someone will pay you to do it? Consider these 10 leading fields and their median salary ranges.

1. IT consultant

Ranking number 13 on CNN’s most recent Best Jobs in America list, the work of being an IT consultant is as vague as it sounds. In this position, your job is to evaluate the systems and do the research that no one else entirely understands. As CNN puts it, everyone from local startups to the Fortune 500 companies need IT consultants to help them figure out the cheapest and fastest ways to run computers better.

Education: A bachelor’s degree in computer science definitely helps, like most positions on this list. CNN also recommends that an IT consultant specialize in a niche category to help focus on the kind of experience he or she gets.

Salary: $96,400, according to CNN.

2. Cloud architect

You’ve heard of cloud computing of course. Although that storage space existing in the ether can’t be touched literally, it still needs to be organized and given an architecture. That’s what this job is for.

Education: A bachelor’s degree.

Salary: $112,000, making it one of the highest paying IT jobs.

3. Computer forensic investigator

Computer crime detectives – The Best Schools reports that computer forensic investigators search for, identify and evaluate information from computer systems, often for trial evidence.

Education: TBS says that you’ll need a degree in computer forensics, information security or cyber security. Certification from a computer examiner board also helps.

Salary: $64,000 according to TBS.

4. Health IT specialist

Health IT is a blossoming field, especially with major changes going on in healthcare due to the Affordable Care Act and the gradual transition to electronic health records. Health IT specialists will mix computer knowledge will record-keeping skills, but specialties in medical coding, billing and cancer registry are also in demand, according to TBS.

Education: While some health IT jobs require only an associate degree and/or certification, supervisory technician positions call for bachelor’s and master’s degrees.

Salary: $45,000, according to TBS.

5. Mobile application developer

Chances are that you and most people you know have smartphones and/or tablet computers. According to CareerRealism, the use of mobile tech is predicted to exceed personal computers at some time in 2013, so businesses are more heavily relying on IT professionals with experience in this field than ever before. Using basic coding languages, developers will create programs for future iOS and Android devices.

Education: A bachelor’s in software engineering, computer science, mobile computer or related fields, according to TBS.

Salary: $90,000 with high growth outlook, reports TBS.

6. Web developer

Web developers are jacks of all trades. They create web pages, web applications and web content, but their skill​ set requires them to have excellent understanding of what makes a good operating system, what the average surfer finds visually stimulating and how to optimize sites for mobile tech, among numerous other skills. They also need proficiency in Web languages, like HTML and Javascript.

Education: TBS reports that the road to web design can be learned through accredited degree programs, but many web developers are self taught and use their “portfolios” to win positions.

Salary: $90,000, according to TBS.

7. Software engineer

Like video games? Want to design the next Facebook? This is for you. Software engineers are behind all the programs we run on our mobile devices and personal computers – and there is a very wide range of niche fields you can work in.

Education: According to TBS, a bachelor’s degree in software engineering or a related field is best.

Salary: $89,000 according to TBS.

8. Information technology vendor manager

Slightly more hands-off compared to some tech positions, vendor managers oversee supply when it comes to software and hardware. This can mean anything from Microsoft’s latest word processor to health IT programs for hospitals.

Education: Computer science degrees are helpful, but a deep understanding of business or even an MBA could clinch a job.

Salary: $88,000, reports TBS.

9. Geospatial professionals

Sound confusing? Geographic information systems are complicated, but exciting and getting moreso every day. GIS tech uses geographic data to evaluate and communicate trends and patterns in visually stylish and comprehensive ways, according to CareerRealism.

Education: Certificate programs and degrees both improve job outlook.

Salary: Up to $84,000, according to CareerRealism.

10. Data Modeler

Another position that translates poorly without jargon, these IT professionals create data designs and define relationships between data fields, according to TBS. Since any company’s data is vital, it’s modeling needs to work perfectly – a more complex task as reliance on computers grows.

Education: Bachelor’s degree in computer science, mathematics or IT – plus on-the-job experience, says TBS.

Salary: A hefty $103,000, according to TBS.

ПРАКТИЧЕСКАЯ РАБОТА № 3

Тема: Развитие письменной речи,  письмо другу

Цель: Вспомнить правила написания писем в английском языке

Задание: Написать письмо по образцу

A Letter To A Friend

Dear Sergey,

I have read your letter today. I am glad that you are fine! I am very happy that you successfully passed your Chinese exam. My congratulations! I know you had been studying hard to pass it.

Now, let me tell you my news.

As usual, I study deeply English and maths. My mathematics teacher moved to Germany for a year. That is why I have another teacher at the moment. But I like him as well.

I am doing well at English. I have been watching films in English every day for two months already. At the moment I am watching films with subtitles, but hopefully, soon I will be able to understand everything without them. I think, this is a very good way to enlarge one’s vocabulary.

I have recently been playing volleyball in the park. You know, I like this kind of sports. I have met a really nice girl there. Her name is Lena. Next time I am going to invite her to the cinema. It looks like I go to the park to see her rather than play volleyball )))

My brother has started to work in an interior design studio. He enjoys it a lot more than his previous job. My parents are planning to buy a new flat. This one is too small now.

Valera, Andrey and I often think about you. It is a pity that you had to go. It was so much fun when you were here. It is Andrey’s birthday soon. It is sad that we will have to celebrate it without you. I hope you will be able to come and visit us when it is my birthday.

Yesterday we met Sveta and Natasha. They gave their regards to you. They asked if you liked your new place. We told them that you did. By the way, Natasha dyed her hair black. She is a brunette now! It suits her, though.

Please give my regards to your mom, dad and sister! Come to visit us as soon as you have an opportunity! Do not forget to write! We miss you so much!

Wishing you best of luck!

ПРАКТИЧЕСКАЯ РАБОТА № 4

Тема: Английский язык в моей будущей профессии

Цель: познакомить студентов с л.е. по данной теме

Задание: читать текст

My future profession

I want to become a computer programmer. I am interested in computers. It is a whole new world.

Many people continue careers of their parents or grand parents but it is not the case with me. My mother is a teacher and my father is a doctor. But I don't want to be neither a teacher nor a doctor.

My favourite subjects in school are mathematics, physics, and, of course, computer science. I am not interested in such subjects as geography, biology or chemistry. My hobby is computer games and computer programming.

I have a computer at home and can spend hours working at it. It is much easier to do things on computer, for example to write a composition. You can change the text as many times as you want and you don't need to rewrite everything if you changed something.

I think that the profession of programmer can give many opportunities. Computers are the most rapidly changing sphere of modern technology. We are living in the age of information. And I think that the future is just filled with computers.

Today, in England or in the US people can work, go shopping or even go on dates sitting at their computers. In our country, computers have been used just for a short time.

So after I finish school I want to enter the university and study computer science.

ПРАКТИЧЕСКАЯ РАБОТА № 5

Тема: Географическое расположение Великобритании

Цель: познакомить студентов с л.е. по данной теме

Задание: читать текст

The British Isles consist of England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland, which make up the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland (Eire). It is situated between latitudes 50°N and 61°N, and has a great variety of natural landscapes, which have developed from different underlying rocks.

The youngest rocks are to the south and east of a line drawn from the mouth of the river Tees to the mouth of the river Exe.

There are three types of underlying rocks and all of them can be found in Great Britain. IGNEOUS rocks are formed from hot, molten material or MAGMA, which is found deep beneath the Earth’s crust. Magma is sometimes forced towards the surface. When it flows on the surface it is called LAVA. The largest outcrop of basalt, igneous lava, is the Antrim Plateau area of Northern Ireland. Granite is another igneous rock. It has cooled and solidified beneath the surface. Outcrops of granite exposed by erosion are found in Dartmoor and several areas of Scotland.

SEDIMENTARY rocks are made from eroded material, which is compressed and hardened into layers or STRATA:

COAL was mostly formed in the Carboniferous period (about 300 million years ago). It is carbon from remains of tropical swamps and forests. Coal is found to the north and west of Tees-Exe line.

SANDSTONE is cemented sand: old red and new red sandstone deposited in times of a hot desert climate. Sandstone is found in Exmoor, Midland Plain and Weald.

CHALK is formed from the remains of marine animals. Bands of chalk may be found across lowland England.

LIMESTONE is mixed remains of marine animals or chemical deposits. Harder older limestone - carboniferous limestone makes up parts of Pennines. Younger Jurassic limestones outcrop from Cotswolds to North York Moors.

CLAY is presented by fine deposits of silt and mud and may be found in vales of basins of southern and eastern England - London Basin and to the south of it.

METAMORPHIC rocks have been changed by heat and pressure (‘Metamorphosis’ means great change). Shale is changed to slate (e.g. in North Wales). In northern Scotland, gneisses and schists are the changed forms of igneous rocks.

The British Isles rise from the western edge of a broad continental shelf and are structurally a part of Europe. The same Earth movements influenced both the British Isles and the continent.

Three mountain-building periods have affected the rocks and the relief of the British Isles. The earliest, the Caledonian, produced the mountains of Wales, the Lake District and Scotland. A later period, Hercynian, folded the rocks of south-west England, the Midlands and South Wales to form a lower, more hilly relief.

The most recent movement, about 35 million years ago, centred on Alpine Europe, but “ripples” affected southern England. The SYNCLINES or downfolds of the London and Hampshire Basins were formed. The ANTICLINE or upfold of the Weald of Sussex and Kent was a result of these ripples.

WEATHERING, EROSION and DEPOSITION have added further variety to the physical geography of the British Isles.

The influences of the ICE AGE can be seen in many parts of the country. Glacial erosion moulded the mountains of highland Britain. Glacial deposits (moraines, outwash material and boulder clay) have been left over much of lowland England. Only the south of England was untouched by ice.

The melting of ice-sheets raised the sea-levels around Britain. Only 8000 years ago, England was finally separated from the continent of Europe. The rising sea-levels formed the inlets, creeks and natural harbours of the coast of southern and eastern England. The rias (drowned river valleys) of Devon and Cornwall and sea-loch or fiords of western Scotland were the result of rising sea-levels.

Relief.

In spite of the comparatively small area, the British Isles have a great variety of surface features. They reflect a long and complex geological history of the archipelago. Such complexity makes it difficult to describe the relief of the British Isles, but the usual way of dividing it is into “Highland Britain” and “Lowland Britain”. These two areas are separated by Tees-Exe line.

To the north and west of this line are hills and mountains that resisted weathering and erosion. Highland Britain comprises the entire Scotland, the Lake District, the Pennines, almost the whole of Wales and Cornwall peninsula.

The highest mountain of Great Britain is Ben Nevis (1343 m), that is in the Grampians in Western Scotland.

To the south and east of Tees-Exe line the rocks have been eroded into a plain, more often rolling than flat. The Lowlands are subdivided into the Midland plains and plains of East Anglia and South-East of England.

Scotland: Northern Highlands

The Grampians

Central Plain

Southern Uplands

The Cheviots separate England from Scotland.

England: The Cumbrians (Lake District)

The Pennines

Cornwall Upland

The Fenlands (the Fens)

The London Basin

The Midlands

The Hampshire Basin

The Weald

Wales: The Cambrians (Snowdon - 1085 m)

Wales is entirely an upland region. South Wales consists of a great plateau, which is a coalfield.

In Northern Ireland there is a Central Plain consisting mainly of limestone covered with bogs and pits and surrounded by mountains and uplands.

GLOSSARY:

anticline [′ ntiklain] = upfold антиклиналь, поднятие crust кора, корка

the Earth’s crust земная кора

deposit, n отложения, залежь,

месторождение

glacial deposits ледниковые отложения

moraine [m ′rein] морена

outwash material снесенный, смытый

материал

boulder [′bould ] clay валунная глина

deposit, v отлагаться,

накапливаться

deposition отложение, осадок

erosion эрозия

glacial erosion ледниковая эрозия

fiord = sea-loch узкий залив, фьорд

fold складывать(ся) в

складки

highlands нагорье, гористая

местность

Ice Age ледниковый период,

Четвертичное оледенение

mould = form образовывать,

формировать

mountain гора

mountain range горный хребет

mountain chain горная цепь

top of the mountain вершина горы

peak of the mountain пик

mountain-building periods горообразовательные

периоды

Caledonian [,k li′dounj n] Каледонский

Hercynian [h : ′sini n] Герцинский

Alpine [′ lpain] Альпийский

plain равнина

flat plain плоская равнина

rolling plain холмистая равнина

lowland низменность

upland возвышенность

plateau плато

ripple волна, отголосок

rock горная порода

underlying rocks породы, слагающие

рельеф, подстилающие

породы

igneous rocks [′i ni s] вулканические породы

basalt [′b s :lt] базальт

granite [′ r nit] гранит

sedimentary rocks осадочные породы

coal уголь

coalfield каменноугольный

бассейн

chalk мел

sandstone песчаник

limestone известняк

12

clay глина

metamorphic rocks [,met ′m :fik] метаморфические

породы

gneiss [nais] гнейс

schist [ ist], slate кристаллические

сланцы

sea-level уровень моря

syncline [,sink′lain] = downfold синклиналь, опуска- ние, прогиб

outcrop выход горных пород на

поверхность, обнажение

valley долина

weathering выветривание

ASSIGNMENTS:

1. Study the texts about Geology and Relief of Great Britain and be ready to discuss them.
2. Learn all the words and word combinations from the Glossary.
3. Learn all the geographical names of the relief and find them on the map.
4. Draw Tees-Exe line on your contour maps.
5. Plot all the names of the relief units on the contour maps.
6. Draw a line across southern England joining the Severn estuary with the Thames estuary. Label the line “Limit of ice during Ice Age”. Use your contour maps. Comment on the differences in relief to the north and to the south of this line.

EXERCISES:

1. Answer the following questions:

1. How can the variety of natural landscapes of Great Britain be explained?
2. What are the two parts of Britain divided by Tees-Exe line?
3. What types of underlying rocks do you know? Name them. What kinds of igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks can be found in Great Britain?
4. Where can the outcrops of different underlying rocks be found in Great Britain? Show them on the map.
5. Why are the British Isles structurally a part of Europe?
6. What mountain-building periods affected the rocks and the relief of the British Isles? What parts of Britain were folded during those periods?
7. Speak about the influences of Ice Age upon the relief of the British Isles.
8. Name the parts of Lowland Britain and show them on the map.
9. Name the parts of Highland Britain and show them on the map.
10. Describe the relief of

1. England
2. Scotland
3. Wales
4. Northern Ireland

Use your atlas and reference books to get additional information.

2. Give English equivalents to the following words and word combinations: породы, слагающие рельеф (подстилающие породы), вулканические, осадочные, метаморфические породы, месторождения, запасы, отложения, складывать в складки, выветривание, эрозия, ледниковая эрозия, периоды горообразования, синклиналь, антиклиналь, морена, уровень моря, равнины (плоские, холмистые), низменность, возвышенность, плато, нагорье, горные цепи, хребты, вершины, пики, долины.

3. Translate into English:

1. Линия, проведенная между устьями рек Тис и Экс, служит границей между возвышенной и низменной частями Великобритании.
2. Большое разнообразие ландшафтов Великобритании можно объяснить сложной геологической историей и различными подстилающими породами.
3. В результате герцинского горообразования сформировались горы юго-западной Англии, Мидленда и Южного Уэльса.
4. После таяния льдов Четвертичного оледенения произошло поднятие уровня моря и образование многочисленных заливов и фьордов.
5. Уэльс представляет собой возвышенный участок поверхности. БОльшая его часть лежит на высоте более 600 футов над уровнем моря, некоторые пики поднимаются выше 3000 футов, включая Сноудон (3560 футов). Южный Уэльс – плато, изрезанное долинами рек, в основе которого лежит Южноуэльсский каменноугольный бассейн.

Тема: Части Великобритании

Цель: познакомить студентов с л.е. по данной теме

Задание: читать текст

Geographic Regions of the United Kingdom

England is the largest of the four geographical regions making up the United Kingdom. It is bordered by Scotland to the north and Wales to the west and it has coastlines along Celtic, North and Irish Seas and the English Channel. Its total land area is 50,346 square miles (130,395 sq km) and a population of 55,977,000 people (2018 estimate). The capital and largest city of England (and the UK) is London. The topography of England consists mainly of gently rolling hills and lowlands. There are several large rivers in England and the most famous and longest of these is the Thames River that runs through London. 

England is separated from continental Europe 21 mile (34 km) English Channel but they are connected by the undersea Channel Tunnel.

Scotland is the second largest of the four regions making up the UK. It is located on the northern part of Great Britain and it borders England to the south and has coastlines along the North Sea, Atlantic Ocean, North Channel and Irish Sea. Its area is 30,414 square miles (78,772 sq km) and it has a population of 5,438,000 (2018 estimate). Scotland's area also includes almost 800 offshore islands. The capital of Scotland is Edinburgh but the largest city is Glasgow.

The topography of Scotland is varied and its northern portions have high mountain ranges, while the central portion consists of lowlands and the south has gently rolling hills and uplands. Despite its latitude, the climate of Scotland is temperate because of the Gulf Stream.

Wales is a region of the United Kingdom that is bordered by England to the east and the Atlantic Ocean and Irish Sea to the west. It has an area of 8,022 square miles (20,779 sq km) and a population of 2,999,300 people (2009 estimate). The capital and largest city of Wales is Cardiff with a metropolitan population of 3,139,500 (2018 estimate). Wales has a coastline of 746 miles (1,200 km) which includes the coastlines of its many offshore islands. The largest of these is Anglesey in the Irish Sea.

The topography of Wales consists mainly of mountains and its highest peak is Snowdon at 3,560 feet (1,085 m). Wales has a temperate, maritime climate and it is one of the wettest regions in Europe. Winters in Wales are mild and summers are warm.

Northern Ireland is a region of the United Kingdom that is located in the northern part of the island of Ireland. It borders the Republic of Ireland to the south and west and has coastlines along the Atlantic Ocean, North Channel, and Irish Sea. Northern Ireland has an area of 5,345 square miles (13,843 sq km), making it the smallest of the UK's regions. The population of Northern Ireland is 1,882,000 (2009 estimate) and the capital and largest city is Belfast.

The topography of Northern Ireland is varied and consists of both uplands and valleys. Lough Neagh is a large lake located in the center of Northern Ireland and with an area of 151 square miles (391 sq km) it is the largest lake in the British Isles.

Задание.

Озаглавь столбцы таблицы по содержанию текста и заполни таблицу

ПРАКТИЧЕСКАЯ РАБОТА № 6

Тема: Население, города Великобритании

Цель: познакомить студентов с л.е. по данной теме

Задание: читать текст

The largest cities of GB are: London, Birmingham, Glasgow, Liverpool, Manchester, Edinburgh, Coventry and Cardiff.

Birmingham is situated in the Midlands. It has the population over a million. This industrial region is called the Black Country. The plants of Birmingham, Coventry and Sheffield produce motor cars, railway carriages, light engineering products. Birmingham is impressive: glittering with ultramodern giant factories, hotels, restaurants, cafes, brilliant stores, beautiful cars and smart people. There is a fine art gallery in it. The public gardens are well kept, and there are lots of flowers there. Birmingham comes next in importance after London.

Coventry was greatly destroyed during World War II. Now it is quite modern. Coventry is of great interest because of the new cathedral (the old one was destroyed in 1940). The cathedral is a masterpiece of modern art. Coventry is the centre of the motor vehicle industry – the largest in the UK.

Edinburgh is the old capital of Scotland. It is one of the finest cities of GB, the centre of administration, where the Scottish Parliament sits. One of the most charming streets in Edinburgh is Princess Street, where the monument to Walter Scott (the Scott Memorial) is situated. Edinburgh is famous for its ancient Edinburgh Castle, Holyrood Palace, the official residence of English kings in Scotland, and the main church in the city – St Giles’s Cathedral.

Liverpool is one of the largest ports in the world. It is situate on the Mersey river. It is also an industrial centre of GB. Enterprises of nearly all branches of industry are situated in Liverpool: shipbuilding, textile industry, engineering, automobile industry, etc.

Glasgow, the industrial and commercial centre of GB, lies on the Clyde river. The river plays a significant role in the life of the city – it is the largest waterway in Britain. The population of Glasgow is over one million. Glasgow is supposed to possess more public gardens and parks than any other city in Britain. In one of this park there is the pride of Glasgow – its Art Gallery, with the wonderful collection of pictures. One of the oldest British universities is situated in Glasgow.

Cardiff, the capital and the main port of Wales, is a centre of shipbuilding, electronics and chemical industry. Cardiff is also a university city.

Stratford-on-Avon is the town where William Shakespeare, the great playwright and poet was born in 1564. The Royal Shakespeare Theatre and the Shakespeare Centre were built in the town.

Windsor is one of the most charming towns in England, and the Windsor Castle is the summer residence of the Queen. Construction of the Castle began in the eleventh century. The tourists are allowed to visit the Castle when the Queen is not in residence here. Just opposite the Castle the Eton College is situated. This College was intended for the 70 poorest orphans of the country. It soon became and is the most exclusive, the most aristocratic, the most famous and the most expensive school in the world.

Oxford and Cambridge are known all over the world as university towns. Both great universities are less than two hours journey from London by fast train. Admission to these universities is very difficult, but if a young man or a girl gets admission, gets through the exams, gets the degree – they are made for life! An Oxford or Cambridge degree is accompanied by all sorts of privileges. Oxford is not only an educational centre. It is the centre of motor car industry. Recent industrial development has so altered Oxford that Cambridge, as a city of fine architecture, is now more beautiful. In spring Cambridge is like a garden of flowers. Cambridge is a great centre of research.

ПРАКТИЧЕСКАЯ РАБОТА № 7

Тема: Климат Великобритании

Цель: познакомить студентов с л.е. по данной теме

Задание: читать текст

Before describing the climate of a country we should revise the difference between WEATHER and CLIMATE, study FACTORS which determine climate and all the necessary terms from the Glossary.

When we say WEATHER, we refer to daily changes in temperatures, winds, clouds and rains, etc. CLIMATE expresses the average of the atmospheric conditions of a given place, as recorded over a great many years.

There are several factors which determine climate. They are:

1. Latitude – the angle at which the sun’s rays strike the earth. It influences the amount of heat received by different parts of the earth. The general rule says: the higher the latitude the colder the climate. It’s usual to divide the earth into five climatic zones: two frigid, two temperate and one torrid, or tropical. Generally speaking, places in the temperate zones have a cool climate, and those in the frigid zones – a cold climate.
2. Influence of seas and oceans. Water warms less fast than land, but it gives up its heat much more slowly than land, that’s why the proximity of the sea has a great effect on the climate of a place. Areas situated close to the sea are said to have an insular or a maritime climate, and those which are far inland are said to have a continental climate. The main difference between these climates is the range of temperatures (that is the difference between the warmest and the coldest months of the year). The seasonal range of temperatures in places with continental climates is much greater than in places with insular or maritime climates.
3. Influence of ocean currents. E.g. The Gulf-Stream flows across the north Atlantic and affects the climate of the British Isles and Europe, bringing warmth and moisture in winter. In summer it has a cooling effect.
4. Influence of relief. With increasing altitude, temperature decreases (it falls by 1 degree Centigrade every 165 metres of height). Relative humidity increases with height, and so mountainous areas are more cloudy and damper. They have heavier precipitation than lowlands. Mountain ranges often form climatic barriers protecting plains from cold north winds.
5. Prevailing winds. Different types of winds (trade winds, monsoons, westerly, easterly winds, etc.) affect climate moving air masses in different directions (from high pressure areas to low pressure areas), bringing all types of weather.

GLOSSARY:

affect воздействовать, влиять

air masses воздушные массы

altitude высота над уровнем моря

anticyclone [, nti′saikloun] антициклон, область

высокого давления

average, adj. [′ v rid ] средний

average (mean) temperatures средние температуры

daily среднесуточные

monthly среднемесячные

annual or yearly среднегодовые

on average в среднем

average, v. находить, вычислять среднее

Centigrade scale шкала Цельсия

climate [k′laimit] климат

maritime climate морской климат

continental climate континентальный климат

insular climate островной климат

mild climate мягкий климат

equable climate [′ekw bl] ровный, равномерный климат

climatic zone климатический пояс, зона

frigid [′frid id] арктический, холодный

temperate умеренный

torrid = tropical тропический, жаркий

cyclone [saik′loun] = циклон, депрессия, область

depression = low pressure area пониженного давления

decrease уменьшать(ся), убывать

determine, be determined on определять(ся)

effect результат, следствие,

действие, эффект

humidity [hju(:)′miditi] влажность

increase расти, увеличивать(ся),

повышать(ся)

influence, n (over, upon) влияние, воздействие на

influence, v влиять, воздействовать

isotherm [′aiso(u) :m] изотерма

precipitation [pri,sipi′tei ( )n] осадки

rain дождь

snow снег

hail град

dew роса

rime иней, изморозь

sleet дождь со снегом

rainfall (snowfall) количество осадков в виде

дождя (в виде снега)

heavy rainfall высокое количество осадков

low rainfall низкое количество осадков

range амплитуда, диапазон, пределы,

зона, ряд

seasonal range of temperatures сезонный ход температур

wind ветер

trade wind пассат

monsoon муссон

westerly winds западные ветры

easterly winds восточные ветры

prevailing winds преобладающие ветры

ASSIGNMENTS AND EXERCISES:

1. Study the Glossary and the text above.
2. Answer the following questions:

1. What is WEATHER and CLIMATE? Explain the difference between two terms.
2. List all the factors which determine climate. Enlarge upon each of them. Give your own examples.
3. What is altitude?
4. What types of precipitation do you know? Name them.
5. What types of prevailing winds do you know? Name them and give your examples. What winds determine the climate of Moscow?
6. What type of climate does Great Britain enjoy?

3. Explain in English the meanings of the following words and word combinations: средние температуры, циклон, антициклон, шкала Цельсия, осадки, количество осадков, сезонный ход температур, пассат, муссон, преобладающие ветры, изотерма.
4. Give some general characteristics of

• maritime climate
• continental climate
• insular climate
• frigid zone
• temperate zone
• torrid zone.

Use your knowledge of Geography. Give your own examples.

5. Study the text below. Make up questions on the text. Describe the climate of Great Britain.

Variability is the most striking feature of the British weather. The weather can change daily and long settled periods are rare. Over a long period of time, the weather can be averaged out to give the climate.

The climate of the British Isles is temperate. The western part of Britain enjoys maritime climate (humid and cloudy) and as for the eastern and south – eastern England – its climate has certain of Europe's climatic attributes, including biting cold wind and snow showers in winter.

In general, the summers are warm and the winters are mild. There is a lack of extremes and the climate is equable.

The prevailing winds are south-westerly, although during the winter months easterly winds may blow and bring a cold, dry, continental type of weather.

The location of the British Isles explains the climate. The North Atlantic Drift is a warm ocean current which starts as the Gulf Stream off the coast of Mexico. ln winter it keeps the temperatures higher than at many other places on the same latitude. Away from the influence of the current, winter temperatures are lower, that's why Eastern Britain is cooler in January than Western Britain. In summer the Atlantic ocean has a cooling effect. Temperatures are higher away from the Atlantic. Eastern Britain is affected more by easterly airstreams from Europe and even Asia.

Annual rainfall decreases from west to east and increases with height. On average, June is the driest month all over Britain. May is the next driest in Eastern and Central England, but April is drier in parts on the west and north. The wettest months are October and December. Most heavy snow comes with easterly or north-easterly winds.

January is normally the coldest month of the year and July is normally the warmest month inland, while on the coast August is equally warm and the sea temperature is at its maximum. In July and August the sea is warm enough to bathe on the south coast. July's temperatures fall from south to north and increase from the coast inland. Along the south coast temperatures don't fall substantionally until late September, and the summer sunshine totals are generally highest in this area. Summer and early autumn (Indian summer) are fine and bright.

As for famous English fogs, they are more frequent in autumn and winter, particularly over the low-lying parts of the Midlands, where cold air gathers in hollows and in the polluted parts of the cities.

Relief also influences the climate of the country. Its influence may be represented by different climates of Highland and Lowland Britain. That is not only the northern position of Highland Britain but the altitudes of the mountains that form the climate of the region.

6. Describe the climate of:

• England
• Scotland
• Wales
• Northern Ireland.

Use the text and add some information form Climate maps of your atlas (temperatures, rainfall, etc.)

7. Find any story, a joke, an interesting dialogue or poem about the English climate or weather. Be ready to perform it at the lesson.
8. Translate into English:

1. На климат Великобритании влияют следующие факторы: расположение в умеренном поясе, близость теплого Северо-Атлантического течения, преобладающие юго-западные ветры, близость Евразии, а также расположение областей повышенного и пониженного давления и рельеф местности.
2. При поднятии в горы температура воздуха понижается, а относительная влажность повышается.
3. Разница между зимними и летними температурами в континентальном климате гораздо больше, чем в морском.
4. Изотермы – это линии, соединяющие точки с одинаковой температурой воздуха.
5. На климатических картах, используемых в Европе, температура обозначена по шкале Цельсия.
6. Знаменитые английские туманы чаще всего можно наблюдать осенью и зимой, особенно в низменных частях Мидленда.

ПРАКТИЧЕСКАЯ РАБОТА № 8

Тема: Политическое устройство страны

Цель: познакомить студентов с л.е. по данной теме

Задание: читать текст

Political system of great britain

Great Britain is a parliamentary monarchy. The Queen is at the head of the nation. She is the head of the system of justice and of the armed forces and temporal head of the Church of England. The Queen does not take part in politics, but the country is governed in her name. She summons the Parliament. Laws are made by Parliament and her Royal Assent is needed before any Bill becomes law as an Act of Parliament.

Parliament consists of the House of Lords and the House of Commons. The House of Lords (the Upper House) is presided over by the Lord Chancellor and is formed partly on an hereditary basis. It includes the English peers (lords), a certain number of elected Irish and Scottish peers and a number of the Bishops of the Church of England. The House of Commons (the Lower House) is elective. Each member of the House of Commons is elected from one of 635 areas, called constituencies. Elections are held every five years by secret ballot. The House of Commons is presided over by the Speaker.

Members of the House of Commons belong to different political parties. The main parliamentary parties are: the Conservative Party, the Labour Party, the Liberal Party. The Government is formed by the party that gains a majority in the House of Commons. The leader of that party becomes Prime Minister, the head of the Government. He forms his Cabinet from members of the House of Commons and the House of Lords. The Cabinet is collectively responsible for all Government decisions. It is answerable to Parliament. The second largest party normally becomes the official Opposition, with its own leader and shadow cabinet.

Local government is carried out by elected councils, representing local areas. They deal with housing, education, social services, police, fire brigades and many other services.

Vocabulary

ПРАКТИЧЕСКАЯ РАБОТА № 10

Тема: Соединенное королевство Великобритании и Северной Ирландии

Цель: научить студентов высказываться по теме (монологическая речь)

Задание: Прочитать текст и пересказать его.

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (the UK) occupies the British Isles and consists of 4 parts: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. The country has the population of 60 million people within the land area of 244 thousand square kilometers. The isles are washed by the Atlantic Ocean in the north and in the west and by the English Channel in the south. The UK is separated from continental Europe by the North Sea. Great Britain is separated from Northern Ireland by the Irish Sea and the North Channel.

There are many beautiful lakes and mountains in Scotland and England. The highest point in the Highlands is Ben Nevis (1 340 metres). The longest river flows in England, it is the Severn. The main attraction in the north of England is the Lake District. Thanks to the warm waters of Gulf Stream the island is very green and the British climate is mild. Local summers are rather hot and winters are not cold. As the weather is very changeable in Britain, it is the favourite topic for discussion with the British.

The capital of Great Britain is London. It stands on the Thames river. The country is a constitutional monarchy and officially the Queen is the Head of state. But it is ruled by the Prime Minister and the government. The legislative body is the Parliament which consists of the House of Lords and the House of Commons.

The UK is a highly developed industrial state. The chief industries are shipbuilding, fishing and mining, production of aircraft equipment, electronics, textile and chemicals. The country is the world’s largest exporter of iron and steel goods. The most important industrial cities of Great Britain are London, Birmingham, Manchester, Glasgow, Liverpool, Leeds, Edinburgh.

A lot of famous people were born and lived in Great Britain. Among them are Shakespeare, Newton, Churchill, Paul McCartney, Joanne Rowling, Sting, David Beckham and many others.

ПРАКТИЧЕСКАЯ РАБОТА № 11

Тема: Лондон, его части

Цель: познакомить студентов с л.е. по данной теме

Задание: читать текст

London is the capital of Great Britain, its political, economic and cultural centre. It’s one of the largest cities in the world. Its population is more than 9 million people. London is situated on the river Thames. It was founded more than two thousand years ago.

London is an ancient city. It appeared at the place where the Roman invaders decided to build a bridge over the Thames. There are four parts in London: West End, East End, the City and Westminster.

The City is the oldest part of London, its financial and business centre. There are many offices, companies and banks in this part of the capital. The heart of the City is the Stock Exchange. The Tower of London and St Paul’s Cathedral are situated in the City.

Westminster is also important part of the capital. It’s the administrative centre of London. The Houses of Parliament, the seat of the British Government, are there. Opposite the Houses of Parliament is Westminster Abbey where kings and queens have been crowned and many famous people were buried. The Houses of Parliament are often referred to as the Palace of Westminster.

The Towers of the Houses of Parliament stand high above the city. On the highest tower there is the largest clock in the country, Big Ben. Big Ben strikes every quarter of an hour.

To the west of Westminster is West End, the richest part of London. It is full of luxury hotels, super-markets, cinemas and concert-halls. In the centre of the West End the Trafalgar Square is situated with the famous statue of Lord Nelson.

To the east of Westminster is East End, an industrial district of the capital. Most of plants and factories are situated there.

The official London residence of the Queen is Buckingham Palace. The palace was built in 1703 by the Duke Buckingham. The daily ceremony of the Changing of the Guard takes place in its courtyard.

There are many museums in London. For example, the British Museum, the Natural History Museum, the Science Museum. The British Museum is the biggest museum in London. The museum is famous for its library — one of the richest in the world.

There are many beautiful parks in London. St James’s Park, Green Park, Hyde Park, and Kensington Gardens are linked together and form above 300 hectares of parkland in the heart of London.

ПРАКТИЧЕСКАЯ РАБОТА № 12

Тема: Достопримечательности Лондона

Цель: тренировать грамматический материал (артикль с географическими названиями)

Задание: Прочитать тест и проследить употребление определенного артикля

When we use the definite article THE:

The Houses of Parliament

The Tower of London

The British Museum

The London Eye

The Thames

The Bolshoi Theatre

The Kremlin

Trafalgar Square

Buckingham Palace

Tower Bridge

Westminster Abbey

Big Ben

Red Square

London draws people from all over the world. Some come on business, some come to study, to work or on holiday. London is naturally a very English city and it is very cosmopolitan, containing goods, food and entertainment, as well as people, from many countries of the world.

London spreads its influence over much of the southern areas of England; it gives work to millions of people who live not only in the inner city areas but in surrounding districts.

There is much in London which fascinates visitors and inspires the affection of Londoners: the splendor of the royal palaces and the Houses of Parliament, the dignity of St. Paul's Cathedral and many monuments and beautiful parks.

London shows examples of buildings that express all the different areas of its history.

Buckingham Palace is the official London residence of the Sovereign. The daily ceremony of the Changing of the Guards takes place in its courtyard. The palace was built in 1703 by the Duke of Buckingham.

Piccadilly Circus has become an important meeting point - for as well as sightseers. At its heart is a bronze fountain topped by a figure of a winded archer, known as Eros, the pagan god of love.

This area is now famous for its theatres, clubs and shops.

Whitehall is a street in central London running from Trafalgar Square to the Houses of Parliament and containing many important buildings and government offices, such as the Treasury, Admiralty and others. In the centre of the roadway stands the Cenotaph, the memorial to the fallen of both world wars. The Prime Minister's residence at No. 10 Downing Street is directly connected to Whitehall.

London is always full of life. The streets are crowded with traffic. High 'double-decker' buses rise above the smaller cars and vans.

The city of London today is the financial powerhouse of the country and one of the chief commercial centers of the western world.

The city has its own Lord Major, its own Government and its own police force. Here the medieval buildings stand side by side with modern glass high-rise offices.

The parks of London provide a welcome contrast to the great built-up areas. St.James's Park, Green Park, Hyde Park, and Kensington Gardens are linked together. They form 313 hectares of open parkland in the heart of London.

ПРАКТИЧЕСКАЯ РАБОТА № 13

Тема: Путешествие по Лондону

Цель: познакомить студентов с л.е. по данной теме

Задание: читать текст

London is the capital of Great Britain, its political, economic and cultural centre. It is one of the largest cities in the world. Its population is more than 11 000 000 people. London is situated on the river Thames.

The city is very old and beautiful. It was founded more than two thousand years ago. Traditionally London is divided into several parts: the City, the Westminster, the West End and the East End.

The City is the oldest part of London, its financial and business centre. The Westminster is the aristocratic official part of London. It includes Buckingham Palace, where the Queen lives, and the Houses of Parliament.

The West End is the most beautiful part of London. The best hotels, restaurants, shops, clubs, parks and houses are situated there.

The East End is an industrial district of London. There are many factories and the Port of London there.

London has many places of interest. One of them is the Houses of Parliament, the seat of the British Government. There one can see the famous Tower Clock Big Ben, the symbol of London. Big Ben is the real bell which strikes every quarter of an hour. Another place of interest is Buckingham Palace. It’s the residence of the Queen. There are many other places of interest in London: Trafalgar Square, Regent’s Park, Westminster Abbey and, of course, the British Museum. It’s impossible to describe all places of interest.

The best way to know London is to visit it.

ПРАКТИЧЕСКАЯ РАБОТА № 14

Тема: Схема образовательной системы.

Цель: познакомить студентов с л.е. по данной теме

Задание: читать текст

Education in the United States of America is compulsory for children from the age of 6 till 16 (or 18). It involves 12 years of schooling. A school year starts at the end of August or at the beginning of September and ends in late June or early July. The whole school year is divided into three terms/trimesters or four quarters. American students have winter, spring and summer holidays which last 2 or 3 weeks and 6 or 8 weeks, respectively. The length of the school year varies among the states as well as the day length. Students go to school 5 days a week.

The American education system consists of 3 basic components: elementary, secondary and higher education. There is also such a notion as preschool education. At the age of 4 or 5 children just get acquainted with the formal education in a nursery school. The preschool education programme aims to prepare children for elementary school through playing and help them to acquire the experience of association. It lasts for one year. Then they go to the first grade (or grade 1).

Elementary education starts when pupils are 6 years old. The programme of studies in the elementary school includes the following subjects: English, Arithmetic, Geography, History of the USA, Natural sciences, Physical Training, Singing, Drawing, wood or metal work. The education is mostly concentrated on the basic skills (speaking, reading, writing and arithmetic). Sometimes children also learn some foreign languages, general history and such new subjects as drug and sex education. The main goal of elementary education is the general intellectual, social and physical development of a pupil from 5 to 12 or 15 years old.

Secondary education begins when children move on to high or secondary school in the ninth grade, where they continue their studies until the twelfth grade. The secondary school curriculum is built around specific subjects rather than general skills. Although there is always a number of basic subjects in the curriculum: English, Mathematics, Science, Social Studies and Physical Education, the students have an opportunity to learn some elective subjects, which are not necessary for everybody. After the first two years of education they can select subjects according to their professional interests. The electives are to be connected with the students' future work or further education at university or college. Every high school has a special teacher — a guidance counselor who helps the students to choose these elective subjects. Moreover, he helps them with some social problems, too. The elective courses are different in various schools.

Members of each grade in high school have special names: students in the ninth grade are called freshmen, tenth graders are called sophomores, eleventh graders are juniors and as for twelfth graders, they are seniors.

After graduating from high schools the majority of the Americans go on studying at higher education establishments. In universities they have to study for four years to get a bachelor's degree. In order to get a master's degree they must study two years more and, besides, be engaged in a research work.

ПРАКТИЧЕСКАЯ РАБОТА № 15

Тема: Государственное образование

Цель: обзор времен в англ.языке

Задание: выполнить грамматические упражнения

Put the verbs into the present continuous:

Listen to the birds. They (sing) .

Look at that one. It (fly) high in the sky.

The other one (play) with a worm.

I feel happy because I (have) a good time here in these woods.

Put the verbs into the correct tense (simple present or present progressive)

Look! Sara (go) to the movies.

On her right hand, Sara (carry) her handbag.

The handbag (be) very beautiful.

Sara usually (put) on black shoes but now she (wear) white trainers.

And look, she (take) an umbrella.

Warning

ПРАКТИЧЕСКАЯ РАБОТА № 16

Тема: США (введение лексики)

Цель: научить студентов разбираться в грамматической теме причастие 1 и 2

Задание: выполнить грамматические упражнения

Упражнение 1 (повторение). Выберите подходящий вариант.

A: I’m so (exciting/ excited). I’ve just seen a very (interesting / interested) film.

B: Really? What was it?

A: It was a horror film called «The White Moon».

B: Oh, horror films are so (frightening/ frightened). I never watch them.

A: I’m very (surprised/ surprising), all my friends watch them.

B: Not me. I like romantic films.

Al: I’m always (bored/ boring) when I watch them. Give me a good comedy or a horror film. They are so (excited / exciting).

ПРАКТИЧЕСКАЯ РАБОТА № 17

Тема: география США

Цель: познакомить студентов с л.е. по данной теме

Задание: читать текст

Geographical Position of the USA

The USA occupies the central part of the North American continent. It borders on Canada in the north and Mexico in the south. It is washed by the Atlantic Ocean in the east, by the Pacific Ocean in the west and by the Gulf of Mexico in the south.

The present territory of the USA consists of three separate parts. The USA proper and Alaska are situated in North America. The Hawaii are situated in the central part of the Pacific Ocean.

The area of the country is about 9,400,000 km2. Its population is about 256 million people.

No general statement can be made about the landscape of the USA. It is a country of mountains and prairies, valleys and deserts. About one half of the territory in the west is occupied by the Cordilleras. In the east there are the Appalachian Mountains. Between these great mountain chains central and large valleys lie.

The Rocky Mountains extend from Alaska through Canada and the USA to Mexico. Together with the Sierra Nevada Mountains in California they have snow-capped peaks and clear mountain lakes.

The Great Lakes are situated in the north-east of the country. They are Lake Ontario, Lake Huron, Lake Erie, Lake Superior, Lake Michigan. The largest rivers of the USA are the Mississippi, the Missouri, the Columbia, the Colorado, and the Yukon. American rivers have very expressive names: the Snake River, the Milk River, the Green River, the Sweetwater River, the White River.

The USA has rich deposits of coal, oil, iron, zinc, copper, silver, phosphate rock, natural gas, uranium and nonferrous metals. 

ПРАКТИЧЕСКАЯ РАБОТА № 18

Тема: История США

Цель: познакомить студентов с л.е. по данной теме

Задание: читать текст

Brief History of the USA

The history of the USA dates back only to the 15th century. In the 15th century there was no USA at all. The present territory of the USA was divided among some countries. In the 15th — 16th centuries some territory of the USA belonged to Great Britain (northern and western lands); southern parts (California, Florida, New Mexico, Texas) belonged to Spain, then — to Mexico; the central part, the territory was called Louisiana — to France; Alaska was possessed by Russia; some territories remained to be under Indians control.

In 18th century there were only thirteen Britain's American colonies and they broke with Great Britain in 1776 and later were recognized as the new nation of the the United States of America, following the Treaty of Paris in 1783. During the 19th"and 20th centuries, 37 new states were added to the original 13 as the nation expanded their frontiers across the North American continent and acquired a number of overseas possessions.

There were three most dramatic experiences in the nation's history: the Civil War (1861-1865), the Great Depression of the 1930s and Vietnam War of the 1960s — 70s.

After its victories in World Wars I and II and the end of the Cold War in 1991, the USA remains the world's most powerful state. The economy is marked by steady growth, low unemployment and inflation, and great advances in technology.

Nowadays USA is world's third-largest country by size (after Russia and Canada) and by population (after China and India). It is about half the size of Russia or lightly larger than China or Brazil.

ПРАКТИЧЕСКАЯ РАБОТА № 19

Тема: Вашингтон

Цель: познакомить студентов с л.е. по данной теме

Задание: читать текст

Washington
Washington, the capital of the United States of America, is situated on the Potomac River in the District of Columbia. The district is a piece of land ten miles square and it does not belong to any separate state but to all the states. The district is named in honour of Columbus, the discoverer of America. The capital owes much to the first President of the USA -George Washington. It was G. Washington, who chose the place for the District and laid in 1790 the corner-stone of the Capitol, where Congress sits.
Washington is not the largest city in the USA. It has a population of 900 000 people. Washington is a one-industry town. That industry is government. It does not produce anything except very much scrap paper. Every day 25 railway cars leave Washington loaded with scrap paper.
Washington has many historical places. The largest and tallest among the buildings is the Capitol with its great House of Representatives and the Senate chamber. There are no skyscrapers in Washington because no other building must be taller than the Capitol. The White House is the President's residence. All American presidents except George Washington (the White House was not yet built in his time), have lived in the White House. It was built in 1799. It is a two-storied, white building.
Not far from the Capitol is the Washington Monument, which looks like a very big pencil. It rises 160 metres and is hollow inside. A special lift brings visitors to the top in 70 seconds from where they can enjoy a wonderful view of the whole city.
The Jefferson Memorial was built in memory of the third President of the USA, Thomas Jefferson, who was also the author of the Declaration of Independence. The memorial is surrounded by cherry-trees. The Lincoln Memorial devoted to the memory of the 16th President of the US, the author of the Emancipation Proclamation, which gave freedom to Negro slaves in America.
On the other bank of the Potomac lies the Arlington National Cemetery where President Kennedy was buried. American soldiers and officers, who died in World Wars I and II are buried there too.

ПРАКТИЧЕСКАЯ РАБОТА № 20

Тема: Путешествие по штатам США

Цель: познакомить студентов с л.е. по данной теме

Задание: читать текст

 Florida is one of the USA states. It is located in the south-eastern part of the USA. It is a peninsula territory. The capital of the state is Tallahassee. The total population of Florida is about 16,000,000. It occupies the 4th place in the USA according to the number of citizens. The total area of the state is about 58,500 square miles. The great deal of territory is covered by marshes.

It stretches from north to south on 447 miles and from east to west on 361 miles. The total length of the beaches is 663 miles.

The biggest city is Miami.

Written records about Florida date back to the arrival of the Spanish explorer and adventurer Juan Ponce de Leon in 1513. He called the area la Florida, in honour of Pascua florida («feast of the flowers»), Spain's Easter time celebration. Other Europeans may have reached Florida earlier, but no firm evidence of such achievement has been found.

Spain was not the only European nation that found Florida attractive. In 1562 the French explored the area. These French adventurers prompted Spain to accelerate her plans for colonization. In fact, in the beginning of the 17th century Spain's power over what is now the south-eastern United States was unquestioned.

Britain gained control of Florida in 1763 in exchange for Havana, Cuba, which the British had captured from Spain during the Seven Years' War (1756-63). Spain evacuated Florida after the exchange, leaving the province virtually empty. The British had ambitious plans for Florida.

It was split into two parts: East Florida and West Florida. The two Floridas remained loyal to Great Britain throughout the War for American Independence (1776-83); However, Spain, participating indirectly in the war, captured West Florida from the British in 1781. In 1784 it regained control of the rest of Florida as part of the peace treaty that ended the American Revolution.

When the British evacuated Florida, Spanish colonists as well as settlers from the newly formed United States came pouring in. Finally, after several official and unofficial U.S. military expeditions into the territory, Spain formally ceded Florida to the United States in 1821. Territorial Period began and on March 3, 1845 Florida became the twenty-seventh state of the United States.

Philadelphia is situated in the east of the USA. It is one of the few large cities in the United States to have an old and well-preserved city centre.

Philadelphia is an important city for American history: it was in fact to be the first capital city of the colonial states from 1790 till 1800 after their rebellion against the British government as well as being the birthplace of several famous men like Franklin, Jefferson and Washington.

In any case, «old», in the United States means that the historic buildings mostly date from the 18th century at the earliest. By 1774 Philadelphia had become the military, economic, and political centre of the colonies. The USA constitution was the first written constitution in the world adopted in this city in 1787. The Declaration of Independence was also proclaimed in 1776 here.

Many U.S. «firsts» were associated with the city of Philadelphia: first public school was opened in 1689. State's first newspaper was published here in 1719, America's first hospital was opened in 1755, and first American flag firstly appeared in Philadelphia in 1777.

There are many places of interest in Philadelphia, for example, the Independence National Historical Park. We can see many monuments there. One of them is the Liberty Bell. Now the Liberty Bell is a symbol of freedom. The sound of this Bell told people about the first public reading of the Declaration of Independence. It was in July, 1776.

Philadelphia is one of the cultural centres of the country. The Parkway is the cultural centre of Philadelphia. One can see the Philadelphia Museum of Art which is one of the greatest art museums in the world, College of Art, Academy of Sciences and the Academy of Fine Arts in Philadelphia.

There are many hotels, theatres, shops and museums in Philadelphia.

There is the Pennsylvania University in Philadelphia. This University has an interesting and big library.

Philadelphia is a beautiful city with many skyscrapers.

Today, Philadelphia's economy is one of the most diverse in the United States. It is based on a system of manufacturing, commercial, and technological activities, and on tourism. In the downtown area, there are many headquarters for major regional, national, and international corporations.

ПРАКТИЧЕСКАЯ РАБОТА № 21

Тема: Россия на карте мира

Цель: познакомить студентов с л.е. по данной теме

Задание: читать текст

People of different nationalities live on the territory of Russia. Russian is the state language. However, there are a lot of people speaking various dialects.

Approximately half of the territory of the country is covered with forests. Its flora and fauna are quite diverse.

Russia is agricultural and industrial country. Russia has a developed economy with enormous natural resources, particularly natural gas and oil. Russia is one of the leading countries in the space industry.

Russia is the country with great cultural heritage. There are historic and cultural monuments nearly in every city and town.

 ПРАКТИЧЕСКАЯ РАБОТА № 22

Тема: Москва столица России

Цель: познакомить студентов с л.е. по данной теме

Задание: читать текст

Moscow is the capital of Russia, its political, economic, commercial and cultural centre. It was founded 8 centuries ago by Prince Yuri Dolgoruky. Historians have accepted the year of 1147 as the start of Moscow's history.

Gradually the city became more and more powerful. In the 13th century Moscow was the centre of the straggle of Russian lands for the liberation from the tartar yoke. In the 16th century under Ivan the Terrible Moscow became the capital of the new united state. Though Peter the Great moved the capital to St Petersburg in 1712, Moscow remained the heart of Russia. That is why it became the main target of Napoleon's attack. Three-quarters of the city was destroyed by fire during Napoleon's occupation, but by the mid-19th century Moscow had been completely restored. After the October revolution Moscow became the capital again.

Now Moscow is one of the largest cities in Europe. Its total area is about nine hundred square kilometres (ancient Moscow occupied the territory of the present-day Kremlin). The population of the city is over 9 million.

Moscow is one of the most beautiful cities in the world. The heart of Moscow is Red Square. It has more historic associations than any other place in Moscow. The Kremlin and St Basil's Cathedral (Vasily Blazheny) are masterpieces of ancient Russian architecture.

The main Kremlin tower, the Spasskaya Tower, has become the symbol of the country. On the territory of the Kremlin you can see old cathedrals, the Bell Tower of Ivan the Great, the Tzar-Cannon and the Tzar-Bell, the biggest cannon and bell in the world. St Basil's Cathedral was built in the mid-16th century in memory of the victory over Kazan. There's a legend that Ivan the Terrible blinded the architects Barma and Postnik, because he didn't want them to create another masterpiece.

There are a lot of beautiful palaces, old mansions, cathedrals, churches and monuments in Moscow. Now Moscow is being reconstructed and we all hope that in a few years the city will become even more beautiful.

There are more than 100 museums in Moscow. The largest museums are the Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts and the State Tretyakov Gallery. Other unique museums in Moscow include the All-Russia Museum of Folk Arts, the Andrei Rublev Museum of Early Russian Art, Alexei Bakhrushin Theatre Museum, Mikhail Glinka Museum of Musical Culture and many others.

Moscow is famous for its theatres. The best-known of them is the Bolshoi Opera House. Drama theatres and studios are also very popular.

Moscow is a city of students. There are over 100 higher educational institutions in it. Moscow is the seat of the Russian Parliament (the Duma) and the centre of political life of the country.

 ПРАКТИЧЕСКАЯ РАБОТА № 23

Тема:  Государственная система РФ

Цель: познакомить студентов с л.е. по данной теме

Задание: читать текст

Political System of Russia

Russia is a democratic federative state based on rule of law and a republican form of government. State power in Russia is exercised by the President, the Federal Assembly, the Government and the courts.

One of the basic principles of constitutional government is the division of powers. In accordance with this principle, power must not be concentrated in the hands of one person or one institution, but must be divided among the legislative, executive and judicial branches of power. The division of powers requires that there be a clear delineation of responsibilities and a system of checks and balances so that each branch of power can offset the others.

The President is at the summit of the system of state power. He ensures that all the state institutions are able to carry out their responsibilities and keeps watching over them to ensure that no institution can encroach on another's prerogatives, attempt to usurp power in the country or take over another's powers.

The president of Russia is the governments chief executive, head of state, and most powerful official. The president is elected by the people to serve a four-year term. The president, with the approval of the lower house of parliament, appoints a prime minister to serve as head of government. The prime minister is the top-ranking official of a Council of Ministers (cabinet). The council carries out the operations of the government.

Each institution of state power is only partially responsible for enforcing the Constitution. Only the President has the responsibility of safeguarding the state system, the state's sovereignty and integrity overall. This is the guarantee that the other state institutions and officials can exercise their powers in a normal constitutional fashion.

The President's place in the state power system is tied to his constitutional prerogatives regarding, above all, the executive branch of power. Legally, the President is distanced from all the branches of power, but he nonetheless remains closer to the executive branch. This closeness is reflected in the specific constitutional powers the President exercises as head of state.

The origins of this constitutional situation lie in the particularities of the way the government is formed in Russia. The Constitution does not link the process of forming a government to the distribution of seats in parliament among the different political parties and fractions. In other words» the party with the majority in parliament could form the government, but the government does not have to be formed according to this principle. Both approaches would be in keeping with the Constitution. But a situation where the governments makeup does not reflect the parliamentary majority can be a source of problems for many aspects of the executive branch's work, especially law-making. Such problems could reduce the effectiveness of the executive branch's work and make it unable to resolve pressing tasks.

In order to overcome such a situation, the Constitution gives the President a number of powers that he can use on, an ongoing basis to influence the government's work. These powers include approving the structure of the federal executive bodies of power, appointing deputy prime ministers and ministers, the right to preside government meetings, exercise control over the lawfulness of the government's action, and direct subordination of the security ministries to the President. The President has the right to dismiss the government or to accept the Prime Ministers resignation, which automatically entails the resignation of the government as a whole.

The President works with two consultative bodies — the Security Council and the State Council. The President chairs these two councils. The system of Presidential power includes the Presidential Plenipotentiary Envoys in the Federal Districts.

 ПРАКТИЧЕСКАЯ РАБОТА № 24

Тема:  Образование в США

Цель: познакомить студентов с л.е. по данной теме

Задание: читать текст

Education in the USA

The American system of school education differs from the systems in other countries. There are state public schools, private elementary schools and private secondary schools. Public schools are free and private schools are feepaying. Each state has its own system of public schools.

Elementary education begins at the age of six or seven, when a child goes to the first grade (form). At the age of sixteen schoolchildren leave the elementary school and may continue their education at one of the secondary schools or high schools, as they call them.

The programme of studies in the school includes English, Arithmetic, Geography, History of the USA, Natural Sciences and, besides, Physical Training, Singing, Drawing, Wood or Metal Work, etc. Sometimes they learn a foreign language and general history. Beside giving general education some high schools teach subjects useful to those who hope to find jobs in industry and agriculture or who want to enter colleges or universities.

After graduating from secondary schools a growing number of Americans go on to higher education. The students do not take the same courses. During the first two years they follow a basic programme. It means that every student must select at least one course from each of the basic fields of study: English, Natural Sciences, Modern Languages, History or Physical Training. After the first two years every student can select subjects according to his professional interest.

The National Government gives no direct financial aid to the institutions of higher education. Students must pay a tuition fee. This creates a financial hardship for some people. Many students have to work to pay their expenses. The Americans place a high value on education. That’s why Kennedy said, “Our progress as a nation can be no swifter than our progress in education”.

 ПРАКТИЧЕСКАЯ РАБОТА № 25

Тема:  Театры

Цель: познакомить студентов с л.е. по данной теме

Задание: читать текст

Theater of the United States is based on the Western tradition that is mostly borrowed from the performance styles popular in Europe. Today, American theater is heavily interlaced with American literature, film, television, and music. Musical theater may be the most popular form: it is certainly the most colourful. Choreographed motions performed on stage have found their way onto movie and television screens. Broadway in New York City is generally considered the top of commercial US. Theater.

Broadway is a big, wide avenue that runs the entire length of Manhattan Island in New York City. It passes through the middle of the Theater district concentrated around Times Square. Broadway has given its name to those spectacular musical productions known as the Broadway play. The songs of Broadway composers such as Irving Berlin, Cole Porter, and Stephen Sondheim have become pop standards. No visit to New York City would be complete without seeing at least one Broadway musical production.

Another city of particular note is Chicago, which boasts the most diverse and dynamic theater scene in the country. Regional or resident theaters in the United States are professional theater companies outside of New York City that produce their own seasons. There is also community theater and showcase theater. Even tiny rural communities sometimes influence audiences with extravagant productions.

Словарь

to be borrowed from smth — заимствованный у кого-либо

to be heavily interlaced with smth — тесно связанный с чем-либо

choreographed motions — хореографические движения

to run the entire length of smth — простираться по всей длине чего-либо

spectacular — зрелищный, эффектный

the most diverse — самый разнообразный

a resident theater — постоянно действующий или местный (домашний) театр

to produce one’s seasons — ставить серии спектаклей или пьес

tiny rural communities — маленькие сельские (театральные) сообщества

extravagant productions — экстравагантные, феерические постановки

 ПРАКТИЧЕСКАЯ РАБОТА № 26

Тема:  Музыка и фильмы

Цель: научить студентов высказываться по теме (монологическая речь)

Задание: Прочитать текст и пересказать его.

Music in the USA      

Almost all American composers of note belong to the 20th century, and include such names as Charles Ives, Aaron Copland, Samuel Barber, Roger Sessions and Virgil Thomson. Edgard Varese and John Cage have gained fame as experimental composers.

It is through the development of popular music in the 20th century that the USA has dominated the western world. Jazz, a style of music created at the end of the 19th century by black Americans out of their gospel and blues songs, was being played all over the USA by both black and white musicians by the 1920s, and influenced the development of both dance music and popular songs in the 1930s and 1940s.

After the Second World War jazz and popular music developed in separate directions. Black musicians created a more sophisticated style called bebop. The rhythm and blues music that derived from jazz, combined with aspects of country and western music, developed into rock-n-roll in the 1950s with the music of Bill Haley, Chuck Berry, Elvis Presley, Buddy Holly and others.

In the 1960s some British groups, especially the Beatles and the Rolling Stones, became internationally famous and for a brief period popular music was dominated by developments in Britain. Since that time, rock has incorporated folk music, soul music has developed, and many social phenomena, such as drug culture, the civil rights movement and the peace movement, have found their expression in rock music.

The musical has also made an important contribution to popular music. Developing from the British music hall and American vaudeville early in the 20th century, composers such as George Gershwin, Cole Porter, Rodgers and Hammerstein, Stephen Sondheim and Leonard Bernstein on Broadway, and Ivor Novello, Noel Coward and more recently Andrew Lloyd Webber in Britain, have made the musical into one of the most important forms of popular music.

Cinema is much younger than theatre. It was born at the end of the 19th century. The first people who showed the first movies to a paying public were the Lumiere Btothers of France. They did this on the 20th February 1896 at the Grand Cafe, Boulevard des Capucines, Paris. This was the first cinema show and it was quickly followed by many others in all parts of the world. All the 1996 we celebrated the hundredth anniversary of cinematography.

The first films showed moving people and transport or newsreels of processions and wars, and short comedies. In 1901 France was the first country to produce a dramatic film, The Story of a Crime, which was followed by The Great Train Robbery in the United States in 1903.

At first, films were shown anywhere: in music halls, clubs and shops. By 1908, special film theatres were being built to give regular programmes. At this time cinema rapidly developed in both the New and the Old World. Charlie Chaplin made his first film, Making a living, in 1914 in the USA. At that time the world was crazy about Charlie, that was created by Charlie Spencer Chaplin. His Charlie, small and clumsy yet kind-hearted, generous and brave, has attracted the hearts of simple people in different countries. Sometimes they would stand in long queues to see a film with their favourite actor. The first films in the West were mainly melodramas or comedies.

Then, in 1927, Warner Brothers in Hollywood made the first film in which an actor sang and spoke. The film was called Jazz Singer. It opened a new era in films - the era of the “talkies”. The film mostly told its story with titles, but it had three songs and a short dialogue. There were long lines of people in front of the Warner Theatre in New York. The silent film was dead within a year. The first one hundred percent sound film. Lights of New York, appeared in 1928.

The first colour films were made in the 1930s, but the black-and-white films are made even today.

ПРАКТИЧЕСКАЯ РАБОТА № 27

Тема: Мой любимый английский певец

Цель: научить студентов высказываться по теме (монологическая речь)

Задание: Прочитать текст и пересказать его.

My favourite singer is Michael Jackson. I like his songs very much because they are full of energy and very melodic. I also like the way he dances.

There were nine children in Michael's family. They lived in a small fourroom house. Later he lived in a house which has seventeen rooms downstairs and sixteen rooms upstaires. It stands in 2,700 acres of ground. Besides the house there are guest houses, a golf course, a swimming pool, tennis courts, stables, gardens, lakes, forests and a zoo.

A lot of strange stories are told about Jackson. It's difficult to decide whether they are true or not. Michael never gave interviews and was rarely seen in public, except on stage. Certainly his behaviour may seem eccentric. In public he often wore a face mask to protect himself from germs, he slept inside an oxygen capsule, which he believed would help him to live longer. But his manager says that Jackson wasn't eccentric. He was just shy. Michael sang in public for the first time when he was five. Since that time he had always been in the public eye. And since that time he had been working like a grown-up.

There were times when he came home from school and he only had time to put his books and get ready for the studio. He often sang until late at night, even if it was past his bedtime. There was a park across the street from the studio, and Michael looked at the kids playing games. And he just stared at them in wonder — he couldn't imagine such freedom, such a carefree life.

He said about himself that in the crowd he was afraid, on stage he was safe. Off stage he felt happiest with animals and children. He was well-known for his childish tastes. It's not a secret that his favourite hero was Peter Pan.

Michael has been called "the child who never grew up", but I think he was a grown-up who was never allowed to be a child.

Whether he was crazy, childish, eccentric or just shy, he was no fool. He created a brilliantly successful image, he made a lot of money and spent it on the things he wanted. Who wouldn't like to do the same?

ПРАКТИЧЕСКАЯ РАБОТА № 28

Тема: Джон Рид

Цель: научить студентов разбираться в грамматической теме неличные формы глагола

Задание: выполнить грамматические упражнения

Упражнение 1 Определите функцию инфинитива (подлежащее, дополнение, определение, обстоятельство)

My decision to become a teacher was a conscious choice — Мое решение стать учителем было осознанным выбором.

To raise children is a hard job — Растить детей — трудная работа.

Sarah wears high-hill shoes to look taller — Сара носит туфли на высоком каблуке чтобы казаться выше.

The committee agreed to reevaluate the budget — Комитет согласился пересмотреть бюджет.

Упражнение 2 Определите часть речи ing-формы (причастие, деепричастие, герундий)

Breathing heavily, we reached the top of the hill — Тяжело дыша, мы добрались до вершины холма.

Breathing at high altitudes is natural for many kinds of birds — Дыхание на большой высоте естественно для многих видов птиц.

On average, patients breathing oxygen recovered faster — В среднем, пациенты, дышавшие кислородом, восстанавливались быстрее.

Упражнение 3 Составьте предложение по образцу, используя герундий или инфинитив

Example:

Я люблю давить пузырьки на упаковке — I, like, (to pop), bubble wrap.

I like popping bubble wrap.

Марк учится играть на гитаре — Mark, is learning, (to play) the guitar.

Мой отец наконец бросил курить — My dad, finally, stopped, (to smoke).

Продолжайте следить за уровнем кровяного давления — Keep, (to watch), your blood pressure.

Вы обещали позвонить мне — You, promised, (to call), me.

ПРАКТИЧЕСКАЯ РАБОТА № 29

Тема:  Марк Твен

Цель: научить студентов высказываться по теме (монологическая речь)

Задание: Прочитать текст и пересказать его.

Mark Twain was born in the state of Missouri in the United States in 1835. His father was an unsuccessful lawyer. The family seldom lived more than a year or two in the same town. That is why the future writer did not even finish secondary school. He went to work at the age of 12. For two years he worked for his elder brother's small newspaper both as a printer and reporter. In 1857 he became a pilot on the Mississipi river. He continued to write.

In 1876 he wrote "The Adventures of Tom Sawyer". The book was read by everybody, by the young and old and was translated into nearly every language in the world. "The Adventures of Tom Sawyer" was such a success that in 1884 he wrote "The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn", and then "Tom Sawyer Abroad" and "Tom Sawyer the Detective" in 1896. There were many other books written by Mark Twain. But his novels about Tom Sawyer and his friend Huckleberry Finn brought him world fame. Mark Twain's real name was Sammuel Clemens. He took his penname from the words "to mark" and "twain" which were used by leadsmen on the steamboats to mark the depth of two fathoms.

Mark Twain's stories enjoy widespread popularity. His characters are always well-drawn, his stories are true-to-life and the plots of his stories are skilfullybuilt up. Many years have passed since Mark Twain's death, but even now we enjoy reading his works. Besides being a humorist, Mark Twain is also a realist - the author of biting satires and bitterly critical pages revealing a good deal of the truth about American way of life.

ПРАКТИЧЕСКАЯ РАБОТА № 30

Тема:  Составление резюме

Цель: научить студентов разбираться в грамматической теме прошедшее совершенное время

Задание: выполнить грамматические упражнения

1. Поставьте глаголы из скобок в форму Past Perfect.

1. He never … (be) to Oxford before. (Он никогда раньше не был в Оксфорде.)
2. When I found my camera the butterfly already … (fly away). (Когда я нашел фотоаппарат, бабочка уже улетела.)
3. Sandra … (suffer) from pneumonia for many years. (Сандра страдала от пневмонии в течение многих лет.)
4. Tony … (not appear) on TV before that. (Тони никогда раньше не появлялся на ТВ.)
5. My cousin … (buy) the tickets before we came. (Мой кузен купил билеты до того, как мы пришли.)
6. I was too tired because my working day … (start) at six. (Я слишком устал, потому что мой рабочий день начался в шесть.)

2. Поставьте глаголы из скобок в форму Past Simple и Past Perfect, обращая внимание на последовательность действий.

Н-р:   When my mum … (appear), my father already … (start) the car.  – When my mum appeared, my father had already started the car. (Когда мама появилась, мой папа уже завел машину.)

1. When the police … (arrive), we already … (catch) the thief.
2. Jack … (finish) the test before the bell … (ring).
3. When Anna … (come) to say good-night, her children already … (fall asleep).
4. Scott already … (prepare) the dinner when her husband … (get) home from work.
5. When Brad and Susan … (get married), they … (know) each other for 3 years.
6. She … (not enjoy) the film because she … (read) the book before.
7. Our apartment … (be) in a mess because I … (have) a birthday party the night before.
8. We … (not go) to a restaurant because we … (spend) all our money on clothes.
9. Mary … (can’t go) skating after she … (break) her leg.
10. Larry … (be late) because he … (get stuck) in a traffic jam.

3. Составьте предложения, выбрав начало из первой части и окончание – из второй. Переведите получившиеся предложения.

Н-р:  1 - c    His parents were angry because he hadn’t phoned them for several months. (Его родители были рассержены, потому что он не звонил им несколько месяцев.)

I.

1. His parents were angry because …
2. The roses died because …
3. When we arrived at the cinema …
4. Bob was late for the train …
5. The electricity was switched off …
6. The student was happy …

 II.

1. because we hadn’t paid the bill.
2. the film had already started.
3. he hadn’t phoned them for several months.
4. because he had passed all his exams.
5. because he had forgotten his passport.
6. I hadn’t watered them for several weeks.

ПРАКТИЧЕСКАЯ РАБОТА № 31

Тема:  Получение предложения о работе, назначение на должность. Профессиональные качества, умения и навыки.

Цель: научить студентов разбираться в грамматической теме герундий

Задание: выполнить грамматические упражнения

Упражнение 3. Выберите предлог.

1. Read the rule … writing the exercise. (after, before, by the time)
2. Diana is fond … collecting posters of pop singers. (for, to, of)
3. Betty likes art very much and she is keen … visiting art galleries. (in, on, about)
4. Black is tired … painting the wall. He has been working for 5 hours. (of, after, for)
5. Susan is clever … learning English. (of, for, at)
6. I don’t understand how David can fish for hours … catching anything. (with, without, on)
7. Kate bought a book … buying an umbrella. (but, without, instead of)
8. … visiting the British Museum the tourists were very much impressed. (After, Before, Instead of)
9. I can’t get used … getting up early. ( for, with, to)
10. … hearing the news Mr White felt pleased. (On, With, By)
11. We were fascinated … Ella’s singing Russian songs. (by, about, on)
12. I like the idea … visiting St. Petersburg this summer. (of, to, about)
13. Jack answered the examiners’ questions … thinking and later he regretted it. (without, instead of, with)
14. Thank you … helping us In troubles. (about, by, for)
15. My friends and I dream … going to England. (to, of, for)
16. Children went for a walk … switching off the light. (with, without, before)
17. We were surprised … meeting Alice at the theatre. She was going to stay at home on that day. (at, by, with)
18. Sorry … interrupting you, but could you show me the way to the nearest cinema? (for, at, of)
19. We have improved our English  …   learning the new words and rules every day.  (by, for, with)
20. Pamela looking forward … visiting London again. (to, on, about)

ПРАКТИЧЕСКАЯ РАБОТА № 32

Тема:  Киноиндустрия США

Цель: научить студентов высказываться по теме (монологическая речь)

Задание: Прочитать текст и пересказать его.

Hollywood is a neighborhood in Los Angeles, California - situated west-northwest of Downtown Los Angeles. Due to its fame and cultural identity as the historical center of movie studios and movie stars, the word "Hollywood" is often used as a metonymy of American cinema, and is often interchangeably used to refer to the greater Los Angeles area in general. The nicknames StarStruck Town and Tinseltown refer to Hollywood and its movie industry. Today, much of the movie industry has dispersed into surrounding areas such as the Westside neighborhood, but significant auxiliary industries, such as editing, effects, props, post-production and lighting companies remain in Hollywood, as does the backlot of Paramount Pictures.Many historic Hollywood theaters are used as venues and concert stages to premiere major theatrical releases and host the Academy Awards. It is a popular destination for nightlife, tourism, and is home to the Hollywood Walk of Fame.

In 1853, one adobe hut stood in the place, that later became Hollywood.By 1870, an agricultural community flourished in the area with thriving crops of many common and exotic varieties. Hot in Hollywood etymology says that the name "Hollywood" comes from the rich reserves of native toyon or "California Holly", which covers the slopes by the clusters of berries every winter.

The first studio in Hollywood was founded by Centaur Company, located in New Jersey, who wanted to shoot westerns in California. They rented an abandoned roadside diner at 6121 Sunset Boulevard at the corner of Gower Street, and turned it into the studio in October 1911, calling it "Studio Nestor" in honor of the western branch of the company. Later the building became the film lab of Hollywood, which is now called« Hollywood Digital Laboratory ». The first feature film made in the Hollywood studio , in 1914, was the film "an Indian husband," created by Cecil B. DeMille and Oscar Apfel.

Hollywood Walk of Fame was founded in 1958 in honor of the artists working in the entertainment industry and the first star on the Walk - the famed actress Joanne Woodward - has left its mark on February 9, 1960.The rewarded receive a star on the basis of their achievements in a career in film, theater, radio, television, and / or music, as well as their contributions to charity.

After years of severe recession, when many Hollywood plots threatened with destruction, today Hollywood is experiencing rapid rebirth in order to increase the urban population. Many projects have been completed, focusing on Hollywood Boulevard. Complex "Hollywood and Highland" ( near Kodak Theatre) were the main catalyst for the reconstruction of the territory. As well as numerous fashionable bars, night clubs, shopping centers, opened on or around the Boulevard back to Hollywood as a center of nightlife in Los Angeles. Many old buildings became lofts and apartment buildings, Cosmo Loft - the first residential loft in Hollywood. Hotel «AW» is now being reconstructed at the intersection of Hollywood and Vine.

ПРАКТИЧЕСКАЯ РАБОТА № 33

Тема:  Мой любимый английский фильм

Цель: научить студентов высказываться по теме (монологическая речь)

Задание: Прочитать текст и пересказать его.

"Avatar" - my favourite film

People like different films: westerns, comedies, thrillers, actions, romantic stories. As for me, my favourite film is Avatar. The story impressed me very much. It is a fantastic film about another world. It isn’t like any other film I’ve ever seen.

A world-known James Cameron directed this amazing tale. He has been working on it for ten years. The main actor’s name is Sam Worthington. He plays the role of a marine soldier Jake Sully. Jake takes part in an experiment and turns into a native being. The action happens on the Planet Pandora. It’s a beautiful exciting place with wonderful nature and unusual native beings called the Navi. Jake wants to find the mines with exclusive minerals. He meets Neytiri (actress Zoe Saldana), one of Navi humanoids. In my opinion, the actors and the acting are brilliant. I recommend this film to everyone. It is a wonderful, unusual, actual story which helps to appreciate important things in our life because our real world is angry and cruel.

ПРАКТИЧЕСКАЯ РАБОТА № 34

Тема:  Газеты

Цель: научить студентов высказываться по теме (монологическая речь)

Задание: Прочитать текст и пересказать его.

There is no real national press in the USA as there are more than 85 newspapers published in 34 languages. There exist two main groups of newspapers: qualities and populars. Only 2 or 3 newspapers with the largest circulation tell their readers about some rumours or crimes.

Quality newspapers contain only reliable serious information. They may also publish cartoons. “The Wall Street Journal”, “The New York Daily News”, “The USA Today”, “The New York Times” have the largest circulation among the daily newspapers. The main function of press in America is to give objective information. The materials should be given in full volume and newspapers should give floor to all possible facts and opinions. There is also no secret information for the press.

The information is usually taken from the News Agencies. The largest and most famous of them are: Associated Press (AP) and United Press International (UPI). There also exist about 122 domestic and foreign news bureaus in the USA.

There are over 4000 monthly and 1300 weekly magazines in the USA. Among them are: “National Geographic”, “Reader’s Digest”, “Cosmopolitan”, “Time”, “Vogue” and others. Women’s magazines publish all sorts of recipes, stories about local or outstanding women, furnishing questions and other items.

Publishing books in America is rather a prosperous business. America is on the 9th place in the world by the books, published and read. Public libraries always organize book sales. Most newspapers and magazines publish chapters from the books of young authors.

3 курс

ПРАКТИЧЕСКАЯ РАБОТА № 1

Тема: Ежедневное использование компьютеров.

Цель: вспомнить и закрепить употребление неопределенного артикля

Задание: Познакомиться с топиком по теме

Computer: harm or benefit

There are many inventions. The computer is one of the most important. Nowadays people are discussing its usefulness. Some people say that computers are very useful, others don’t agree with it.

The computer is used in many spheres of human life. It operates technique, helps to project spaceships, transport, buildings… The role of the computer in our life is really great. We can use it to get much information, contact with people living very far away. There are also many teaching programs. People read books, listen to music, play games, watch films, and take part in competitions with the help of the computer. So you can work and relax with its help. Playing computer games people can take on a role of other people, and even travel to different unusual places.

But, if you spend much time with the computer, your health worsens. Your sight and bearing can suffer. Besides, some people may become computer addicted. They don’t want to spend time without the computer, to see friends, to go for walks.

So the computer can become a friend or an enemy. The computer will be useful if you don`t spend all day in front of it and have breaks every hour. And don’t forget that real life is more interesting than virtual one.

ПРАКТИЧЕСКАЯ РАБОТА № 2

Тема: Эпоха цифровых технологий

Цель: закрепить грамматическую тему отсутствие артикля

Задание: объясните случаи отсутствия артикля

1. It is time to go to bed.
2. A human body requires two classes of food: body-builders and heat-givers.
3. Dialectical materialism is the only way to scientific interpretation.
4. Barley is one of the oldest food-stuffs.
5. Perseverance overcomes difficulties.
6. This shop displays beautiful plate.
7. Old Ebbits looked at me in childlike wonder.
8. «No,» answered the old man with great dignity.
9. There came frightful days of snow and rain. He did not know when he made camp, when he broke camp.
10. There were alternate layers of water and ice skin; that was why he was in such panic.

ПРАКТИЧЕСКАЯ РАБОТА № 3

Тема: Виды компьютеров

Цель: Тренировать употребление артикля с географическими названиями

Задание: заполнить пропуски

1. I would like to visit ………..Northern Africa one day.
2. ……….Russia is a faraway country, where mostly bears live.
3. Last year I was in the USA and saw ………..Niagara Fall.
4. This winter we are going to ski in ……….Urals.
5. Every immigrant wants to see ………..America of his dream.
6. We went for a night walk to discover …………different New York.
7. They spent summer holidays on the popular resort at …………Black Sea.
8. ………Lake Baikal is the deepest lake in the world.
9. I am planning to go through …………Sahara on a motorbike.
10. In my childhood I used to spend summer in  ………….Crimea.

ПРАКТИЧЕСКАЯ РАБОТА № 4

Тема: Части из которых состоит компьютер 

Цель: употребление артикля со словом other

Задание: чтение текста

Англо-русский глоссарий по теме «Компьютер» (Computer)

Русско-английский глоссарий по теме «Компьютер» (Computer)

ПРАКТИЧЕСКАЯ РАБОТА № 5

Тема: Панель управления

Цель: познакомить студентов с л.е. по данной теме

Задание: читать текст

Motherboard

Now, the first thing is the motherboard. It's the basis of your computer. It's the first component installed in the system unit, and it holds all of the circuitry that ties the functions of the computer components together.

You can think of it like your car (which has many computer systems of its own). If you have a frame and tires, you've got a car (or you've got a system unit), but it won't take you very far! Now, add your engine - the motherboard - where all the systems tie in one way or another, and you've got the start of a working vehicle.

Central Processing Unit

The motherboard and circuitry need to have power. There is a power box included with your system unit, and you'll see a cord coming out of the back of your computer for that. The central processing unit, or the brains of the computer, sits on the motherboard and does actually have its own cooling fan. The processors now are so fast they need to be cooled down. All the instructions you give the computer - like a click of a mouse - go through the CPU, which processes in billions of cycles per second. Commonly installed processors have quad-cores, or four separate processors in one component. There are six-core and eight-core available, and the more advanced the technology the higher the cost. That's one of the choices you might need to make.

Memory, Cache, RAM, ROM

Next to the CPU sits the cache, or the temporary memory where things you are working on sit for quick interpretation by the CPU. The RAM chip is also near this location. Random-access memory is volatile, or temporary, memory. Whenever you turn on a program, its instructions are stored in RAM while the machine is on. Once you shut the machine down, both the cache and the RAM are completely cleared out. RAM storage is common at eight, ten or twelve gigabytes.

ROM, or read-only memory, is located here as well. This is a permanent, or non-volatile, memory. As soon as you turn on your computer, the start-up instructions that are stored in ROM begin to execute. Even when you turn it off, the instructions stored in ROM remain. So if you have a machine that runs Windows, as soon as you hit the power-up button, you'll get a short screen that might give you a message from the manufacturer. Then in the background you'll just see black and the Windows logo come through, and it will say 'Starting Windows.' What's going on there is that as soon as you hit the power button, your ROM is kicking in and starting up all those instructions for systems checks.

The part attached to the motherboard you're most likely to recognize is the hard drive. The hard drive doesn't sit directly on the motherboard, but it is connected to the circuitry by electrical wire. The hard drive stores software you've put in there like Firefox, WordPad or a music player. It also stores the data files those programs have created and used. Hard drive storage commonly begins at one terabyte now and goes up to two and a half terabytes.

ПРАКТИЧЕСКАЯ РАБОТА № 6

Тема: Панель управления. Множественное число существительных

Цель: научить студентов разбираться в грамматической теме

Задание: раскрыть скобки

Упражнение 1. Напишите данные существительные во множественном числе.

ПРИМЕР a hat – hats (одна шляпа – шляпы)

1. a cat –…
2. a box –…
3. a boy –…
4. a foot –…
5. a glass –…
6. a bus –…
7. a sock –…
8. a child –…
9. one man –…
10. one woman –…
11. one mouse –…
12. one house –…
13. one tooth –…
14. one goose –…
15. one sheep –…

Упражнение 2.  Запишите данные ниже существительные в соответствующие колонки таблицы.

a party, a banana, a room, a day, a fly, a knife, a sandwich, a university, a shelf, a play, a key, a taxi, a way, a tragedy, a language, a comedy, a parrot, a dog, a watch, a puppy.

ПРАКТИЧЕСКАЯ РАБОТА № 7

Тема: Клавиатура. Притяжательный падеж

Цель: научить студентов разбираться в грамматической теме

Задание: выполнить грамматические упражнения

1. Переведите словосочетания, используя притяжательный падеж существительных.

Например: отец Кэрол – Carol’s father

1. работа Джессики

2. имя доктора

3. машина Фрэнка

4. телевизор Ани

5. компьютер моих сыновей

6. дочь Марка и Виктории

7. словари Сюзанны

8. ключи моей сестры

9. сумки наших гостей

10. учитель моей дочери

2. Определите, чем является ‘s в предложениях – обозначением притяжательного падежа или сокращенной формой глагола is.

Например: Mrs. Smith is Maria’s mother. (Миссис Смит – мать Марии.) — ‘s обозначает притяжательный падеж

Maria’s a good girl. (Мария – хорошая девочка.) — ‘s обозначает сокращение глагола is (Maria is a good girl.)

1. He’s a businessman.

2. This is Paola’s uncle.

3. Winston’s 28.

4. George’s Italian.

5. Jane’s school is in the center of London.

6. Tony’s brother is a lawyer.

7. What’s her job?

8. Where are Tom’s friends?

9. Their son’s a police officer.

10. The dogs’ food is in the kitchen.

3. Прочитайте предложения о знаменитой семье актеров Брэда Питта и Анджелины Джоли. Определите родственные связи членов их семьи, используя притяжательный падеж.

Angelina and Brad are married. (Анджелина и Брэд женаты.) They have 6 children: 3 boys (Knox, Pex, Shiloh) and 3 girls (Vivienne, Maddox and Zahara).

1. Brad is … husband. (муж)

2. Angelina is … wife. (жена)

3. Knox is …son. (сын)

4. Vivienne is … daughter. (дочь)

5. Shiloh, Pex and Knox are … brothers. (братья)

ПРАКТИЧЕСКАЯ РАБОТА № 8

Тема: Компьютерная мышь. Местоимения any, no, every

Цель: научить студентов разбираться в грамматической теме

Задание: выполнить грамматические упражнения

Exercise 1. Write in a, an, some or any.

1. Is there _____ milk in the  crystal glass?

— No, there isn't _____ milk in the crystal glass

There's _____ juice in the crystal glass.

2. — Are there_____ sausages on the round plate?

-There aren't _____  sausages on the round plate.

There are _____ sandwiches on the round plate.

3. -Is there_____ glass on the wooden table?

— No, there isn't  _____ glass on the wooden  table.

There's _____ cup on the wooden table.

Exercise 2. Write in a, an, some, any.

1. There's ______angel on the top.
2. There are ______ornaments on the tree.
3. Are there ______lights on the tree?
4. There isn't ______Christmas tree in the house.
5. There's ______ jam on the wooden table.
6. Is there  ______bread in the basket?
7. There aren't  ______ vegetables in the fridge.

Exercise 3. Complete the sentences with some/any/no.

1. There is _______  tea in the crystal  glass, but it is very hot.
2. There is  _______  fresh milk in the fridge. I can't make porridge.
3. Are there ________  tasty apples in the bag?
4. There isn't _______  jam on the round plate.
5. There are _______  bananas on the wooden  table. They are yellow.
6. There is  ________ butter on the plate.
7. There is ________ cheese on the table, but there’re ____________ cheese sandwiches.
8. There isn't  _________ sausage on the table.
9. There are  ____________ potatoes in the bag.
10. There aren't ______________  bananas on the table, but there are ________  cucumbers there.

ПРАКТИЧЕСКАЯ РАБОТА № 9

Тема: Сканер. Использование (a) little, (a) few

Цель: научить студентов разбираться в грамматической теме

Задание: выполнить грамматические упражнения

1. Поставьте «+»  при правильном использовании «much» или «many», поставьте «-» - при неверном.

1. We don’t have many food in the house.
2. I can’t give you many information about the company.
3. I need much apples for the pie.
4. How many people are there in your office?
5. There is much wine in the
6. She doesn’t have many luggage.
7. My son earns much money now.
8. They saw many snow in the mountains.
9. I have tried diving many times in my life.
10. John will have much exams next year.

2. Используйте «much» или «many» для выражения «Сколько…?».

1. How … days?
2. How … sugar?
3. How … cigarettes?
4. How … work?
5. How … petrol?
6. How … children?
7. How … theatres?
8. How … juice?

ПРАКТИЧЕСКАЯ РАБОТА № 10

Тема: Цифровая камера. Использование предлогов

Цель: научить студентов разбираться в грамматической теме

Задание: выполнить грамматические упражнения

Упражнение 1. Вспомним постановку предлогов в адресах. Complete the sentences. Use on, at or in

Gary Clench lives ____ Brighton.

He lives _____ Clifton Street.

He lives ____ 33 Clifton Street.

His flat is ___ the second floor.

Carlos lives____Barcelona.

I live____Main Street.

I live ____109 Main Street.

Упражнение 2. Вставьте подходящий предлог места.

There's a strange woman standing ____ a tree. (под)

There's a motorbike ____ the car (перед) and a bicycle ____ it (позади), so the car is _____ the yellow motorbike and the bicycle.

There's a bus waiting ___ a bus stop.

There's a briefcase____ the desk. (под)

Can you see a camera ____ the drawer?

There's a large picture _____ the wall___  two  small

There are two bedrooms ____ the flat.

Santa Monica is ____Southern California.

I've got a poster of Kevin Costner_____my wall.

Heidelberg is____the River Neckar.

ПРАКТИЧЕСКАЯ РАБОТА № 11

Тема: Виды принтеров. Использование предлогов

Цель: научить студентов разбираться в грамматической теме

Задание: выполнить грамматические упражнения

Упражнение 3. Вставьте подходящий предлог места.

1. There's nobody waiting____the bus stop.
2. Meet me____the bus station.
3. I often have a coffee____the Calypso Cafe.
4. I'm a student____Brighton College.
5. Molly is____work at the moment.
6. He saw a nest ... the tree.
7. How many misprints are there ... this book?
8. Don’t sit ... the window.
9. Is the post-office close ... your house?
10. What subjects do you study ... school?

Упражнение 4. Заполни пропуски предлогами in, on, at, under.

I am ____ the classroom. I am not ___ the blackboard. I am ___ the desk.  There is a book ___ my desk. My pens and pencils are ___ my pencil-box. The pencil-box is ___ my bag. The bag is ___the desk.

 We’ve got flowers ____ our school park. Two pupils are sitting ___the tree ___ this park now.

In, at, at, on, in, in, under / near / beside, in, under, in

ПРАКТИЧЕСКАЯ РАБОТА № 12

Тема: Экраны компьютеров

Цель: познакомить студентов с л.е. по данной теме

Задание: читать текст

A computer is a programmable machine designed to automatically carry out a sequence of arithmetic or logical operations. The first use of the word "computer" was recorded in 1613, referring to a person who carried out calculations, or computations, and the word continued with the same meaning until the middle of the 20th century. From the end of the 19th century the word began to take on its more familiar meaning, a machine that carries out computations

In the beginning, computers were as big as a large room. It is only later that they have become smaller and smaller, accessible to anyone. This has given way to personal computers. Later developers created new applications to help users perform many things from word processing to image editing. A large scale of programs, some free and others costly, have opened new horizons in information technology.

Now computers have noticeable impact on social relations. They have enabled entirely new forms of social interaction, activities, and organizing. With the Internet, working with computers has become part of our daily lives thanks to its basic features such as widespread,usability and access. In addition to face to face communication that characterized humans for centuries, a new form of virtual communication has become more predominant.

ПРАКТИЧЕСКАЯ РАБОТА № 13

Тема: Как работает монитор экрана

Цель: познакомить студентов с л.е. по данной теме

Задание: читать текст

Компьютерное оборудование

Электронная почта

Использование компьютера

Интернет

Другие полезные слова

ПРАКТИЧЕСКАЯ РАБОТА № 14

Тема: Бережное использование монитора.

Цель: научить студентов разбираться в грамматической теме Present S., Past S

Задание: выполнить грамматические упражнения

English exercise "Present Simple vs. Past Simple"

1. She ……(go) to Australia in 1994 and she liked it very much. 

2. My father usually ….. (like) his steak well-done. 

3. The dog …… (eat) its toy last night. 

4. The policeman …..(talk) to the burglar yesterday. 

5. ….. (you /have) a test last week? 

6. I often see her mother but she never …. (speak) to me. 

7. The gentleman ….. (speak) to his servant 2 hours ago. 

8. The kangaroo always ….. (carry) its baby. 

9. My friend….. (talk) a lot every day. 

10. The man (drive) to the supermarket last weekend. 

11. My brothers ….. (leave) for England last week. 

12. My sisters ….. (leave) for England every year in June. 

13. I don't like that man because he often ….. (laugh) at me. 

14. Her sister never ….. (smoke). 

15. The cat usually …… (leave) its basket when it is hungry. 

ПРАКТИЧЕСКАЯ РАБОТА № 15

Тема: Устройства хранения информации

Цель: научить студентов разбираться в грамматической теме Futere S.

Задание: выполнить грамматические упражнения

Упражнение 1. Write in l’ll, we'll, he'll, she'll, they'll, it’ll.

1. I'd like to see animals. I think _______ go to the zoo today.
2. Wendy likes dinosaurs. I think _______ go to the Natural History Museum.
3. We like dancing. I think _______ go to the disco.
4. My parents want to buy presents. I think_______ go to the gift shop. '
5. Jim likes walking. I think_______ go to the park.
6. Put on your scarf and hat. I think _______ be cold today.
7. I want to watch a cartoon. I think _______ go to the cinema tomorrow.
8. Mike is ill. I don't think _______ go for a walk with him.

 Упражнение 2. Поставьте глаголы в скобках в форме Future Simple (Indefinite)

1. I think we_________ two return tickets. (to buy)
2. Kate  ___________ ten tomorrow. (to be)
3. My aunt  ___________ to Canada next summer. (to go)
4. I  _____________ you in the evening. (to phone)
5. I'm sure our 3-day tour __________ more than 5000 roubles. (to cost)

ПРАКТИЧЕСКАЯ РАБОТА № 16

Тема: CD/DVD Present Perfect

Цель: научить студентов разбираться в грамматической теме Present Perfect

Задание: выполнить грамматические упражнения

Put in the verbs in brackets into the gaps. Use Present Perfect.

1. They ….London this month. (leave)
2. He ….a lot of English papers. (bring)
3. She ….me about it. (tell)
4. I ….a long letter from father this week. (get)
5. She (just) ….; she will speak to you in a minute. (come)
6. I ….to Radio City. (be)
7. I think the director …..the town. (leave)
8. I ….my office. (paint)
9. We ….her since she arrived to our city. (know)
10. I …..your name. (forget)
11. He …..the door. (close)
12. He …..it since we left him. (do)
13. I …..him my last penny. (give)
14. This order …..to many misunderstandings. (lead)
15. He ….his name on my book. (write) 
16. She …..a new umbrella. (buy)
17. He ….my exercise over and over. (look)
18. I ….those books very cheaply. (buy) 
19. He ….for two months. (work)
20. She ….a new job. (find)
21. He ….very well. (speak)
22. The children ….the whole pudding. (eat)
23. You ….many detective stories. (read)
24. Our team ….the first prize. (win)
25. My little daughter ….her finger with a knife. (cut)

ПРАКТИЧЕСКАЯ РАБОТА № 17

Тема: Операционные системы. Present C.

Цель: научить студентов разбираться в грамматической теме Present C.

Задание: выполнить грамматические упражнения

Put the verbs into the present continuous:

Listen to the birds. They (sing) .

Look at that one. It (fly) high in the sky.

The other one (play) with a worm.

I feel happy because I (have) a good time here in these woods.

Put the verbs into the correct tense (simple present or present progressive)

Look! Sara (go) to the movies.

On her right hand, Sara (carry) her handbag.

The handbag (be) very beautiful.

Sara usually (put) on black shoes but now she (wear) white trainers.

And look, she (take) an umbrella.

Warning

ПРАКТИЧЕСКАЯ РАБОТА № 18

Тема: Компьютерные сети. Past S., Past Perfect

Цель: научить студентов разбираться в грамматической теме Past S., Past Perfect.

Задание: выполнить грамматические упражнения

Put the verbs in brackets into the gaps in the correct tense – Past Perfect or Simple Past.

1. After Fred  (to spend) his holiday in Italy he  (to want) to learn Italian.
2. Jill  (to phone) Dad at work before she  (to leave) for her trip.
3. Susan  (to turn on) the radio after she  (to wash) the dishes.
4. When she  (to arrive) the match already  (to start).
5. After the man  (to come) home he  (to feed) the cat.
6. Before he  (to sing) a song he  (to play) the guitar.
7. She  (to watch) a video after the children  (to go) to bed.
8. After Eric  (to make) breakfast he  (to phone) his friend.
9. I  (to be) very tired because I  (to study) too much.
10. They  (to ride) their bikes before they  (to meet) their friends.

ПРАКТИЧЕСКАЯ РАБОТА № 19

Тема: Информационные технологии и общество. Future Tense

Цель: научить студентов разбираться в грамматической теме Furure T.

Задание: выполнить грамматические упражнения

1. The train at 11:45. (to leave)
2. We dinner at a nice restaurant on Saturday, but we have't booked a table yet. (to have)
3. My ski instructor believes it in the mountains tomorrow evening. (to snow)
4. On Sunday at 8 o'clock I my friend. (to meet)
5. They to London on Friday evening at 8:15. (to fly)
6. Wait! I you to the station. (to drive)
7. The English lesson at 8:45. (to start)
8. I my sister in April. (to see)

ПРАКТИЧЕСКАЯ РАБОТА № 20

Тема: Преимущества и недостатки использования ИТ

Цель: познакомить студентов с л.е. по данной теме

Задание: читать текст

Computer and its Advantages and Disadvantages

Advantages

Computers can quickly process huge amount of data. Computers can complete various tasks more effectively than most human-beings. It has automated complex tasks that were once considered boring and tedious for humans. Hence, Computer has greatly increased our efficiency to do various tasks. The advantages of computer is given below:

1. Stores data in digital format: Computers can store millions of pages of information in digital format.
2. Huge storage: We can store huge information. The present day hard-disks can store 100s of Gigabytes (GB) of information. Large businesses store their marketing and sales data in their computer systems. Even sensitive data of customers are securely protected in a computerized environment.
3. Play games: When it comes to games, the choices are almost unlimited.
4. Calculations: Businesses are increasingly using spreadsheets and other software as a tool for performing mathematical calculations.
5. Prepare and store official documents: You can use a word processing software to prepare, edit and save any text document. The concept of paperless offices is finally taking its shape. excel- calculations
6. Presentations: If your office demands that you prepare presentations, you can prepare it in a PowerPoint.
7. Internet: You can connect your computer to Internet and browse through huge data.  People use internet for various purposes. Students can use internet to download study materials. A research analyst can do market research over internet. A marketing person can gather relevant data across various geographical boundaries. A prospective customer can find a service provider over internet.
8. Multimedia: Computer can also be used as an entertainment device. We can play various multimedia applications such as music, video, etc.
9. Prepare books of accounts: With the help of accounting software, we can prepare our books of accounts.
10. Reduced cost: The introduction of computer has resulted into a reduction of cost to perform various complicated tasks.

Disadvantages

It is true that even computer is not free from defects. The disadvantages of computer is given below:

1. Ever changing technology: The technology that is new today, may soon become obsolete. We need to regularly upgrade the hardware and software in a computerized environment. This involves additional time and cost.
2. Increased manpower cost: The computer needs to be operated by skilled person. This has led to an increase in manpower cost for organizations. Due to the inherent risks, huge expenditure are made ensure data security.
3. Computer stops responding: At times the operating system of the computer may stop responding or functioning. Though this problem is generally solved by restarting the computer, but sometimes you may have to take the support of the technician.
4. Viruses: The threat of virus and malware attack always remains in the computerized environment. To cope up with these risks, various anti-virus software are available in the market. If you are using a good antivirus, you are almost sure that your private information and other sensitive data are secured.
5. Reduction in employment opportunity: The introduction of computers has negatively impacted the employability of computer illiterate people.

ПРАКТИЧЕСКАЯ РАБОТА № 21

Тема: Общение посредством ИТ

Цель: научить студентов разбираться в грамматической теме Present Perfect C.

Задание: выполнить грамматические упражнения

1. Поставьте глаголы из скобок в форму Present Perfect Continuous.

1. The vegetables … (boil) since 10 o’clock. (Овощи варятся с 10 часов.)
2. He … (wait) for her answer for six months. (Он ждет ее ответа в течение 6 месяцев.)
3. My sister … (send) job applications for 3 months. (Моя сестра рассылает заявления о приеме на работу в течение 3 месяцев.)
4. I … (try) to find my documents since last Sunday. (Я пытаюсь найти свои документы с прошлого воскресенья.)
5. They … (learn) Japanese for a couple of years. (Они изучают японский язык пару лет.)
6. Father … (drill) holes in the wall since noon. (Папа сверлит отверстия в стене с полудня.)
7. My brother … (play) computer games for 3 hours. (Мой брат играет на компьютере в течение 3 часов.)
8. I … (listen) to you very carefully. (Я слушаю тебя очень внимательно.)
9. He … (not take) his medicine for the last week. (Он не принимает лекарство в течение последней недели.)
10. We ... (save) the money for a holiday for a year. (Мы копим деньги на отпуск в течение года.)

2. Ответьте на вопросы, используя одно их предлагаемых ниже действий в Present Perfect Continuous.

Н-р:   Why are you angry? (Почему ты рассержен?) – Because I’ve been waiting for a bus for a long time. (Потому что я долго жду автобус.)

- wash the floors

- decorate a Christmas tree

- use expensive creams for a couple of years

- peel the onions

- make a snowman in the garden

- play football on the grass

1. Why are you angry?
2. Why is she crying? (Почему она плачет?)
3. Boys, why are your shorts dirty and green? (Мальчики, почему ваши шорты грязные и зеленые?)
4. Why are you sweating? (Почему ты потеешь?)
5. Why are your hands so cold? (Почему у тебя такие холодные руки?)
6. Why are the children so excited? (Почему дети так взволнованы?)
7. Why does she look so young? (Почему она выглядит так молодо?)

3. Поставьте в предложения for или since.

1. Bob has been playing hockey … he was a small boy.
2. She’s been driving that car … five years.
3. We have been planning our vacation … last month.
4. He has been talking on the phone … 8 o’clock.
5. You have been telling the same anecdotes … many years.
6. I have been feeling ill … a couple of days.

ПРАКТИЧЕСКАЯ РАБОТА № 22

Тема: Телекоммуникации

Цель: познакомить студентов с л.е. по данной теме

Задание: читать текст

Developing of Telecommunications           

I would like to tell you about telecommunications and their developing.

We can not deny the role of telecommunications in our life. The Internet, phones, telegraph, cell phones, radio, television are all the means of communication or telecommunication. Nowadays we live in information era, when information is the key and engine of progress. Our society needs perfect means of information exchange that is why all types of telecommunication are under the permanent developing.

Currently hundreds of millions of people use wireless communication means. Cell phone is no longer a symbol of prestige but a tool, which lets to use working time more effectively. Considering that the main service of a mobile connection operator is providing high quality connection, much attention in the telecommunication market is paid to the spectrum of services that cell network subscriber may receive.

Today we can easily connect to the Internet using our cell phone or to take a picture or to take a short movie, using our video cell phone.

Late in the nineteenth century, communication facilities were augmented by a new invention — telephone. In the USA its use expanded slowly and by 1900 the American Telephone and Telegraph Company controlled 855,000 telephones.

After 1900, telephone installations extended much more rapidly in all the wealthier countries. The number of telephones in use in the world grew at almost 100 per cent per decade. But long-distance telephone services gradually developed and began to compete with telegraphic business. A greater contribution to long-range communication came with the development of wireless technology.

Before the outbreak of the First World War wireless telegraphy was established as a means of regular communication with ships at sea and provided a valuable supplement to existing telegraph lines. In the next few years the telephone systems of all the chief countries were connected with each other by radio. Far more immediate was the influence that radio had through broadcasting and by television, which followed it at an interval of about twenty-five years.

Telephones are as much a part of infrastructure of our society as roads or electricity, and competition will make them cheaper. Losses from lower prices will be countered by higher usage. Most important of all, by cutting out the need to install costly cables and microwave transmitters, the new telephones could be a boon to the remote and poor regions of the earth. Even today, half the world's population lives more than two hours away from a telephone.

Satellite phones are not going to deliver all their benefits at once.

Lots of other new communication services — on-line film libraries, personal computers that can send video-clips and sound-bites as easily as they can be used for writing letters, terrestrial mobile-telephone systems cheap enough to replace old sets — are already technically possible.

ПРАКТИЧЕСКАЯ РАБОТА № 23

Тема: Интернет

Цель: познакомить студентов с л.е. по данной теме

Задание: читать текст

Топик Internet

Modern life is easy and fun. We have all the amenities. We do not need to go to the movies, because we have big TVs at home. The children have cell phones with large displays. Modern technology is useful and convenient. In my opinion, Internet is the most comfortable thing. Computers are also an important invention, but Internet is better than any other type of information. Originally, Internet was a military experiment in the USA of 60-s. But soon it became clear that everyone in the world can use it.

Everybody knows that the Internet is a global computer network, which embraces hundreds of millions of users all over the world. The Internet has already entered our ordinary life. It's hard to imagine our lives without Internet nowadays. It has become an important part of every person's life. It is clear that the accurate number of users can be counted fairly approximately, nobody knows exactly how many people use the Internet today, because there are hundreds of millions of users and their number is growing.

Nowadays, no one can deny the importance of the Internet. Sitting in front of a computer, clicking a mouse, you can shop, download many interesting films, books, read news about subject which is interesting for you, play computer games with other players, chat and send mails to your friends. Internet has drastically changed everything. Since the time of Internet appearance, many other media sources became unnecessary. You can find the information you're looking for in 5 seconds. It is very convenient for students, professionals, experts and all other people. From one side, it's great to have everything right here online, from the other side, it's a shame that people have stopped reading paper books and newspapers. Nowadays the most popular Internet service is e-mail. Most of the people use the network only for sending and receiving e-mail messages. They can do it either they are at home or in the internet clubs or at work. With the help of the internet people from different parts of the planet can communicate with each other and share information without leaving their home. It has become easier to meet like-minded people from all over the world and become friends with them.

There are many different Internet competitions for different subjects which give students the opportunity to participate even in international competitions. Thanks to the Internet, people can quickly sell, advertise and share knowledge, idea, and personal feelings. People enter the world of virtual reality to avoid everyday problems. In spite of all the good sides that Internet has, there are some drawbacks. First of all, they are viruses, which can be very dangerous for any computer. That's why it's good to have reliable anti-virus software installed. Other minus is the violent content. There is a lot of violence and cruelty online. People are suffering from inappropriate information on the Internet, because it is very hard to control information from the Internet. Although the Internet offers us large amount of information, its reliability is dubious because many untrue news stories can be posted and cause confusions to many people. It is very difficult for us to find out what websites are reliable and what are not. Also you can get blackmail or spam. I think that the Internet becomes a way of a person life and it is very harmful for our health. Many teenagers spend a long of time sitting at the computers and spoiling their eyes. I don't mean that I am against the Internet, but it should have reasonable limits.

ПРАКТИЧЕСКАЯ РАБОТА № 24

Тема: История интернета

Цель: познакомить студентов с л.е. по данной теме

Задание: читать текст

Which came first, the personal computer or the Internet? If you say “personal computer,” guess again.

The Internet as we know it may not have taken shape until the 1990s, well after Bill Gates revealed his first PC. So who invented the Internet? The timeline of the Internet actually traces all the way back to the Vietnam War era: 1969, to be exact. In that year, a team of defense engineers at the University of Los Angeles-California (UCLA) sent the first-ever instant message via computer to another team thousands of miles away at Stanford University.

From their work station in 3420 Boelter Hall, on the UCLA campus, the defense engineers had just set up the first node of Arpanet, a system funded by the Department of Defense’s Advance Research Projects Agency (ARPA). ARPA’s vision was for a system that would connect large computers at the Department of Defense’s various facilities so that they could share software, information, and storage space. UCLA would be one of its four main hubs—the University of Utah, SRI International, and UC-Santa Barbara would be the others.

In its short history the Internet has rapidly evolved from this simple, four-hub, military-only data grid to a planet-wide, universally accessed and accessible informational universe that we know and love today. But let’s face it: In history of information technology, a lot can happen in 44 years. Let’s take a look at a simple history of the Internet and recap some of the milestones that got us from there to here with a short Internet history timeline:

• 1974. The word “Internet” first appeared in print—in a DARPA-published Request for Comments document on TCP/IP, a new set of communications and networking protocols for managing data transmissions on the new system. TCP/IP is still integral to the present-day Internet. In the meantime, Arpanet was growing fast as more universities, science centers, and army installations got connected.
• 1976. Queen Elizabeth of England became the first head of state to send an email. Jimmy Carter followed suit and used email several times while campaigning.
• 1983. The Domain Name System (DNS) was invented. Whereas site’s names had been obtuse sequences of letters and numbers, they would now be easy-to-remember names with endings such as .gov, .edu, or .mil.
• 1985. The National Science Foundation (NSF) funded construction of Arpanet’s biggest upgrade yet: the NSFNET, a command hub of five supercomputers to serve as highways for all data traffic. NSFNET could transmit data at 56 kilobits per second—slower than some present-day modems.
• 1990. Tim Berners-Lee invented HTML and a text browser, as well as a hypertext graphical user interface (GUI) browser. Then he established the first successful communication between a Hypertext Transfer Protocol client and a server via the Internet. These inventions, put together, were the makings of Web pages as we know them today. Lee also made up the term “World Wide Web.” The synonym Information Superhighway would follow in a few more years.
• 1991. The NSF allowed commercial enterprises to use the Internet for the first time.
• 1994. Jeff Bezos founded Amazon. A whole new world of e-commerce was born.
• 1995. The NSF ceased funding the Internet altogether, leaving it a completely self-sustaining industry. Also noteworthy, Sun Microsystems first released Java, still an immensely popular Internet programming language to this day.
• 1998. Google opened its first office.
• 2004-2005. Facebook was launched in December 2004. YouTube debuted the next year. The social-media revolution had begun.
• 2006. Google CEO Eric Schmidt introduced the term “cloud computing” at an industry conference. “The Cloud” would become another synonym for the Internet soon thereafter.
• 2007. Mobile and smartphones technologies going commercial and growing rapidly. Consumers would no longer need a personal computer to go online. The Internet would be reachable wherever they could find a wireless signal.

From Arpanet and Information Superhighway to becoming a globalization enabler and a major driver behind the software outsourcing industry, the Internet has seen one transformation and expansion after another. Where it will head next is anyone’s guess. But you can be sure that great minds everywhere are hard at work on it.

ПРАКТИЧЕСКАЯ РАБОТА № 25

Тема: Электронная почта

Цель: научить студентов разбираться в грамматической теме Passive Voice.

Задание: выполнить грамматические упражнения

choose either the active or the passive form of the verb...and the correct tense!

1. That door …..(paint) yesterday.

2. Michelangelo ….(paint) the Sistine Chapel.

3. Michael Schumacher ….(drive) for Ferrari in 2003.

4. In the UK, everyone ….(drive) on the left.

5. Inter-city trains ….(usually/drive) by men.

6. The 'La Stampa' newspaper …..(read) by two million people in Italy.

7. My car ….(steal)! Call the police!!!!

8. The thieves ….(steal) the gold last week.

9. The Queen ….(open) the bridge tomorrow.

10. The bridge ….(destroy) by the storm last night.

11. I ….(learn) Japanese when I was in Tokyo.

12. I ….(teach) by an old Japanese man.

13. This letter ….(should/type), not handwritten!

14. The new secretary ….(type) at 100 wpm.

 ПРАКТИЧЕСКАЯ РАБОТА № 26

Тема: Всемирные киберпространства

Цель: научить студентов разбираться в грамматической теме Present S. Passive Voice.

Задание: выполнить грамматические упражнения.

1. The post (bring) every day.

2. The runners (give) their certificates after the race.

3. The books (collect) after each lesson.

4. Homework (do) every afternoon.

5. Apples (pick) in autumn.

7. Peter (ask) to run in the race.

8. The children (tell) to be quiet.

9. Books (keep) in a bookcase.

10. Fish (catch) in the sea.

 ПРАКТИЧЕСКАЯ РАБОТА № 27

Тема:  Skype

Цель: научить студентов разбираться в грамматической теме Future S. Passive Voice.

Задание: выполнить грамматические упражнения.

Rewrite the sentences in passive voice.

1. For ex. Jane will buy a new computer. - A new computer will be bought by Jane.
2. Her boyfriend will install it.
3. Millions of people will visit the museum.
4. Our boss will sign the contract.
5. You will not do it.
6. They will not show the new film.
7. He won't see Sue.
8. They will not ask him
9. Will the company employ a new worker?
10. Will the plumber repair the shower?

 ПРАКТИЧЕСКАЯ РАБОТА № 28

Тема:  Использование интернета

Цель: научить студентов разбираться в грамматической теме Past S. Passive Voice.

Задание: выполнить грамматические упражнения.

Rewrite the sentences in passive voice.

1. For ex. She sang a song. A song was sung by her.
2. Somebody hit me.
3. We stopped the bus.
4. A thief stole my car.
5. They didn't let him go.
6. She didn't win the prize.
7. They didn't make their beds.
8. I did not tell them.
9. Did you tell them?
10. Did he send the letter?

 ПРАКТИЧЕСКАЯ РАБОТА № 29

Тема:  Моя будущая профессия техник программист

Цель: научить студентов разбираться в грамматической теме Reported speech (косвенная речь)

Задание: выполнить грамматические упражнения.

1. Benjamin: "I often have a big hamburger."
   Benjamin says (that)  ….
2. Hannah: "They live in Boston."
   Hannah said (that) ….
3. Tyler: "Ian doesn't invite girls to his parties."
   Tyler told me (that)   ….
4. Dominic: "She understands Japanese."
   Dominic remarks (that)  …..
5. Sophia: "Bella doesn't collect stickers."
   Sophia explains (that)  ….
6. Robert: "Dennis often downloads the latest tunes."
   Robert added (that)   ….
7. Olivia: "Leroy is out riding his new waveboard today."
   Olivia explained (that)  …..
8. Luke: "I don't know what to do."
   Luke added (that)  ……
9. Lily: "Mr Jones is rude to Samantha."
   Lily thinks (that) ….       
10. James and David: "We have to go now."
    James and David tell me (that) …..

 ПРАКТИЧЕСКАЯ РАБОТА № 30

Тема:  Веб сайт

Цель: научить студентов высказываться по теме (монологическая речь)

Задание: Прочитать текст и пересказать его.

My Favourite Website

There are tons of websites on the Internet nowadays, which offer a wide range of possibilities. As an advanced user I check out dozens of sites every day. For example, if I want to listen to music, I open online radio sites. When I want to watch a film or a cartoon, I open online cinema sites. When I want to chat with friends, I use instant messengers or social networks. Sometime I use skype to video call my distant pals or relatives.

However, my favourite website is YouTube, because I can watch or download any types of video there. I can also share my favourite videos with the rest of the world. Everybody knows that it is the most popular video site in the world. I like it for three reasons. Firstly, I can listen to the music that I like on this site and watch the video clips of the new songs. Secondly, I can find almost every new movie or cartoon there. Thirdly, on YouTube I see the latest news that happened around the world.

In fact, in my free time I play in a music band, which was set by my friends. I play the drums, while my friends play the double bass and the guitar. People, who saw and heard our performance, say that we play good rock music. I often download the videos of our performance to YouTube and we get lots of positive feedback. In my opinion, this site has many advantages. One of them is that I can find the videos on any given topic: about pets, about sports, about cars, etc. The only disadvantage is the limit set on the length of videos. According to YouTube rules, the videos must be no longer than fifteen minutes.

ПРАКТИЧЕСКАЯ РАБОТА № 31

Тема:  Создание удивительного веб сайта 

Цель: научить студентов высказываться по теме (монологическая речь)

Задание: Прочитать текст и пересказать его.

20 Content Ideas for Your Website or Blog

Sometimes, coming up with new content for your website or blog can be a trying task. If this has proved true for you recently, worry not. Just when you think you’ve exhausted every possible form of content, we’re here to shine a light on some inspirational gems that will get that content flowing from your fingertips before you know it.

1. Write a beginner’s guide blog post about some aspect of your niche. These are hugely popular and can help establish you as an authority in your field.

2. Invite a guest post on your website. Get a guest blogger or friend to provide some insights on a topic, and post it right on your site. Be sure to note somewhere clearly that it’s just that (a guest post).

3. Start a ‘pic of the day/week/month’ content campaign. This can be so fun for your readers, and can keep them coming back for more.

4. Put your eyes on Pinterest – it’s full of inspiration and glorious content! We hear this one is pretty good…

5. Utilize social media tools like Buffer that offer content suggestions. That’s right – they do some of the work for you.

6. Create a new social media account – Instagram is great for fresh new photos and content. Once you’ve set up your new account, add it to your website with the corresponding social App in the Wix App Market.

7. Get positive testimonials from happy customers – this can be some of your most valuable info! If applicable, include the geographic location of the customer and show off your international status.

8. Ask your readers to participate in a survey. Generate lots of good content while getting some really valuable feedback.

9. Do a little online research to find out what’s trending, and write about it. Stick to the topics that correlate with your products, services, or brand.

10. Add an FAQ section to your site and answer your site visitors’ questions before they even ask them. Win-win!

11. Create a blog post like this one, with a numbered list of newsworthy topics that in some way tie into your business.

12. Use borrowed content from around the web like cool infographics, Youtube videos or anything else that makes sense with your niche. Just be sure to give credit where credit is due – claiming content that’s not yours as your own is a big no-no.

13. Write a blog post that highlights and lists (with links) all your previous articles on a particular topic. Along with being mostly comprised of content you’ve already created, it also gives your SEO ranking a nice boost.

14. Attend an event that has something to do with an aspect of your business. Grab some inspiration and write about it. Tip: sometimes it’s good to jot down notes so you don’t forget important quotes or details of the event as they happen.

15. Make a ‘hack’ post. Give insider quick tips on how to solve common issues your niche faces.

16. Talk to your friends. Let your peers know that you’re a bit stumped and see if some collaborative brainstorming doesn’t churn out some interesting ideas (it usually does).

17. Write about some of your biggest challenges, and how you overcame them. Share your success stories with your readers, but do your best not to brag. Also, remember to add the lesson learned.

18. Include a news section on your site. There are plenty of newsworthy moments that will happen to your business – it doesn’t necessarily need to be an article on the front page of one of the biggest publications out there. Be sure to share news articles about your business, as well as milestones met, like serving your 100th customer, for example.

19. Give your old content a facelift. If you wrote a blog post about something a couple of years ago, chances are the info needs to be updated. Create a new post based on the original, and be sure to add all the new details.

20. Pay your competition’s websites and social channels a visit. It’s a good idea to keep an eye on what your competitors are doing (right or wrong), and what content they are putting out that might inspire your own version.

ПРАКТИЧЕСКАЯ РАБОТА № 32

Тема:  Дизайн веб сайта

Цель: научить студентов высказываться по теме (монологическая речь)

Задание: Прочитать текст и пересказать его.

Sometimes you just can’t seem to come up with any ideas you like. We’ve all been there.

So I put together this list of ideas that you can choose from. These are all ideas that I’ve come up with that I know you’ll be able to use to successfully build a web application throughout this course.

And feel free to use any of these ideas as a jumping off point! Sometimes you just need to see a few examples before something great pops into your head.

You could build a web app…

• to track and browse through the movies you watch, giving them rankings and documenting your thoughts on each
• to track all the different craft beers you’ve had, from various different breweries, giving them ratings and including your notes about each
• to track the books you read (very much like #1)
• to help plan a night out with friends, crowdsourcing the date/time and choice of bar/restaurant
• to log your expenses and create budgets for different spending categories (entertainment, food, etc.)
• to store the current food/ingredients you have and help you build a grocery list, or come up with good recipes
• to help you remember to order/buy household items that you need to periodically purchase, like coffee, tea, or detergents

4 курс

ПРАКТИЧЕСКАЯ РАБОТА № 1

Тема: Разные страны и разные ландшафты

Цель: вспомнить и закрепить употребление артикля c географическими названиями

Задание: Выполнить задания по теме

Вставьте артикль “the” вместо точек там, где это необходимо:

… Andes are the mountains in … South America. … London is the capital of … United Kingdom. In summer lots of people prefer to go to … south. … Caribbean are situated to … southeast of … USA. … lake Baikal is the largest lake in the world. They plan to visit several countries during their vacation in … Europe: … France, … Italy, … Netherlands, … Spain. … Teide is the volcano on the largest island of … Canary Islands — … Tenerife. … Saint-Petersburg is considered to be the cultural capital of … Russian Federation. The channel between England and France is called … English Channel. … Lena leads to … Arctic Ocean. … Iberian Peninsula is divided between 3 states: … Portugal, … Spain and … Andorra. … Adriatic Sea separates … Italy from … Balkan Peninsula. … Sahara desert and … Kalahari desert are the largest deserts in … Africa. Ann had to cross … Atlantic Ocean to get from … Europe to … Argentine. Many rare and unusual animals live in … Australia. The northernmost point of … Russian Federation is … Cape Chelyuskin. … Mont Blanc is the mountain in … Europe between … France and … Italy. Nowadays some people prefer to spend winter in such hot countries as … Thailand. … Great Lakes consist of several lakes connected with each other: … Lake Superior, … Lake Michigan, … Lake Ontario, … Lake Huron and … Lake Erie. … Urals are very old mountains and are famous for their mineral resources.  

ПРАКТИЧЕСКАЯ РАБОТА № 2

Тема: Как географическое положение влияет на жизнь людей

Цель: познакомить студентов с л.е. по данной теме

Задание: читать текст

How Does Where People Live Affect Their Health?

Health has always been a fundamental social concern, but apprehension over health issues has escalated in recent years in the wake of extensive media coverage of disease outbreaks, the rapid spread of infectious diseases around the world, growing evidence of the health impacts of exposure to the by-products of industrialization, and anxieties about the availability and affordability of health care. Because environmental factors play a fundamental role in shaping human health, locational issues are of central importance to addressing health questions. A variety of place-based influences affect health, including physical circumstances (e.g. altitude, temperature regimes, and pollutants), social context (e.g., social networks, access to care, perception of risk behaviors), and economic conditions (e.g., quality of nutrition, access to health insurance). Because locational influences are myriad and constantly shifting, and because people themselves are moving around at unprecedented rates, understanding the health impacts of where people live is one of the most challenging, yet important, contemporary geographical problems.

The influence of location on health is clear even at the global scale. The best way to reduce the worldwide burden of disease may be to provide individuals with ready access to clean water, adequate nutrition, and rudimentary sanitation, yet the availability of these “big three” basic needs differs greatly from place to place. People’s access to immunization is perhaps the next most important variable in the health picture, yet access to immunization often depends on social circumstances and the distribution of health care facilities.

Much has been learned in the past about geographical influences on health through mapping the spread of diseases, access to care, and the treatment and prevention of illness. Coming more fully to terms with the impacts of location on human health, however, requires documenting, modeling, and predicting human health outcomes at individual- to population-level scales, while accounting for

• Human mobility (e.g., daily, weekly, seasonal, life course),
• Socioeconomic circumstance (e.g., income status, age, education, gender),
• Behavioral risk factors (e.g., smoking, drinking, drugs, diet),
• Changing environment (e.g., climate change, industrial development, urban expansion),
• Time course of disease (e.g., cancer latency, induction period),
• Genetics (e.g., determinants of predisposition to disease).

Addressing some of the major health challenges of the 21st century requires developing increasingly sophisticated theories, methods, visualizations, and tools that can help account for the intersecting impacts of these six variables in different locations.

The global resurgence of vector-borne diseases such as malaria, dengue fever, yellow fever, and Lyme disease (Gubler, 1998) highlights the need to enhance understanding of the geographical dimensions of disease occurrence and spread. Malaria alone kills an

ПРАКТИЧЕСКАЯ РАБОТА № 3

Тема: Компьютерная графика. Косвенная речь

Цель: научить студентов разбираться в грамматической теме

Задание: выполнить грамматические упражнения

Rewrite the direct speech as reported speech to complete the sentences.
Use contractions where possible.

1. 'I'll send you a postcard.' He told us that he ….us a postcard.
2. 'We've bought a new car.' They told me they ….a new car.
3. 'I don't speak German.' She said that she ….German.
4. 'You failed your art exam.' You said that we ….our art exam.
5. 'I can't drive.' He said ….drive.
6. 'You look nice.' He told me that I ….nice.
7. 'We're going ice-skating.' They said they ….ice-skating.
8. 'The students aren't listening to me.' The teacher said the students …to her.

ПРАКТИЧЕСКАЯ РАБОТА № 4

Тема: Создание графических фильмов

Цель: познакомить студентов с л.е. по данной теме

Задание: читать текст

You may already have everything you need to make a video. You need a computer and software, of course, but you also need some creative ideas for your videos. When you are stumped for a topic, turn to these tried-and-true video ideas to inspire movies that are fun to make and watch.

Everyone has a special talent, so why not share yours in a how-to video? Whether you're a great chef, painter or mathematician, you can make a video that shows the world how to do what you do best. How-to videos are also a great way to share your personality along with your skills, so let your personality shine through and have some fun while you're filming.

1. Documentary Video

Documentaries don't have to be long and boring. The most interesting stories are true stories, and short-form documentaries can tell those stories in a way that's easy to produce and engaging to watch.

2. Commercial Video

Commercials convey a memorable message in a short amount of time. You can make a commercial for your favorite business, product or politician or get silly and make phony commercials like they do on "Saturday Night Live."

3. Video Diary

If you're stuck for a video topic, why not just make a video about yourself? Make a video with your webcam and pour out your heart. It's a format that's worked for many of the biggest YouTube stars.

ПРАКТИЧЕСКАЯ РАБОТА № 5

Тема: Виды программного обеспечения

Цель: познакомить студентов с л.е. по данной теме

Задание: читать текст

The software update collection topic

Software updates is a hot topic and this collection thread covers how it works.

All phone models receive a software update every now and then and we always try to optimize the phone performance and features in every one of them.  But the most common questions are “When will I get the update?” or “When will next update be released?”.

First, to get a better understanding of how creating and launching new software updates works I strongly suggest that you read the articles published on Developer World.

There are two ways of updating your phone software. 

1.     Via phone, OTA (Over the Air).

Your phone has a built in application for updating your phone software. This application is called Update Center and can be found in your application drawer or via Settings > About phone > Software update. This application can scan for new software, notify about new software and also install new updates. But note that sometimes Update Center can only notify you about new phone software but not install it. This depends on the update itself and if it can be installed OTA or if the phone needs to be connected to a computer to perform the update. If this is the case you will be informed about that in the notification given to you by the Update Center application.

Update Center will also inform you about the size of a new software update. If it’s a larger update, connecting to a Wi-Fi network is always recommended before downloading the update. This way you can save download data from your network subscription and also download time.

If you don’t have access to any Wi-Fi network and experience problems doing a software update OTA please be aware of that some network operators doesn’t support FOTA (Firmware Over the Air). So if you’re trying to update your phone OTA via mobile networks make sure that your network operator supports FOTA. If yes and you still experience problems downloading the update check if your APN settings have any Proxy details that could block the download. You can check this in the following menu. Settings > More (Wireless & networks) > Mobile networks > APN or Access Point Names > Your Internet APN. Check if any details are set for Proxy and Proxy port. If yes you can try to delete them (temporarily) and save the APN. Now try downloading the update again.

2.     Via computer

You can use our program Xperia Companion to scan, install and repair phone software.

If you experience any problems doing a software update via computer, please check the following.

-       USB ports. If you don’t get any connection with the phone try to connect your USB cable to another USB port on your computer. If you’re using USB 3.0 ports make sure that you have installed the main board manufacturer drivers for them. Still not working please see the USB connection FAQ topic.

-       Internet connection. If your Internet connection is using a Proxy please check that the Proxy settings are correct in Xperia Companion by going to Settings for Xperia Companion in the top right corner > Proxy settings.

-       Firewall. Please make sure that no firewall blocks Internet communication. Check ignores list or temporarily disable the protection when doing the update.

-       Anti-Virus. Please check that no security software is blocking the program from running or communicating with the Internet.

If you get a message saying that your phone already has the latest software even if you have seen on the web that a later software version is available, this might not be an error. But as described above, it might not be released for your device just yet. Reasons for this please see beginning of this post.

If you have read the above, tried the tips and still experience any issue please feel free to participate in any of the ongoing discussion topics here on our forum. 

ПРАКТИЧЕСКАЯ РАБОТА № 6

Тема: Мультимедия. Инфинитив

Цель: научить студентов разбираться в грамматической теме

Задание: выполнить грамматические упражнения

 Exercise. 1. Fulfil the tasks using the Infinitive

A. State the function of the Infinitive in the sentence.

1.To find clothes to your taste is a difficult thing nowadays.

2. She likes to wear beautiful outfits.

3. His intention was to become a designer.

4. She can choose fitting and fashionable clothes.

5. She is pleased to be wearing such comfortable shoes.

6. She is said to look very stylish.

7. I am sorry not to have ironed your suit.

8. It seems to fit you very much.

9. There is not a dress to be fascinated with.

10. Such jacket is said to be out of fashion already.

11. To wear pencil skirts is not in my character.

ПРАКТИЧЕСКАЯ РАБОТА № 7

Тема: Программирование

Цель: научить студентов разбираться в грамматической теме

Задание: выполнить грамматические упражнения

A. Translate into English. (Переведите на английский язык.) 1. Я счастлив быть в Сан-Франциско. 2. Мне нужно работать сверхурочно. 3. Невозможно разговаривать по телефону с четырьмя людьми. 4. У тебя есть время помочь мне? 5. Шэрон хочет поехать в Канкун. 6. Питеру нужно еще время, чтобы закончить экзамен. 7. У меня нет времени смотреть телесериалы. 8. Я отказываюсь смотреть телесериалы. 9. Психологию трудно понять. 10. Фред хочет посетить Аляску.

B. Complete the following sentences by selecting the appropriate infinitive from the column on the right. (Закончите следующие предложения, выбирая подходящий инфинитив из правой колонки.) 1. San Francisco is a nice place __         a. to cook 2. The job of a teacher is __ students.     b. to visit 3. It is very easy __ spaghetti.                  с to pay 4. Sharon wants __ to the beach.             d. to teach 5. I need more money __ for my books.   e. to go 

ПРАКТИЧЕСКАЯ РАБОТА № 8

Тема: Язык программирования. Формы инфинитива 

Цель: научить студентов разбираться в грамматической теме

Задание: выполнить грамматические упражнения

C. Fill in the blanks using either an infinitive or a conjugated verb as required. (Заполните пропуски, используя инфинитив или спрягаемый глагол там, где это требуется.)                                              to need     –       to call      –    to make     –     to help     –     to go Have you ever made plans for a vacation? There are many things to do ahead of time. For example, it’s important (1) __ hotel reservations. It is also essential (2) __ the airline to make sure your flights are arranged. You also (3) __ to take appropriate clothing for the climate of your destination. Sometimes, it is a good idea (4) __ to a travel agent. They can (5) __ you solve any problems related to your trip.

D. Insert words from the column on the right to complete the sentences. (Чтобы закончить предложения, вставьте слова из правой колонки.) 1. The __ includes Saturday and Sunday              a. sitcom 2. Basketball and baseball are both __                  b. happy 3. She wasn’t sad. She was very __                      с weekend 4. A __ is a show that makes people laugh            d. sports 5. A __ has many actors and actresses                 e. soap opera

 E. Suggested activities. (Сделайте следующее:) 1. Напишите по-английски краткое описание Вашей любимой телепередачи. Включите сведения о времени показа, канале вещания, актерах, жанре передачи и т. п 2. Опишите по-английски сцену из телесериала

ПРАКТИЧЕСКАЯ РАБОТА № 9

Тема: Системные ошибки

Цель: научить студентов разбираться в грамматической теме (Gerund)

Задание: выполнить грамматические упражнения

Упражнение 2. Tick the correct item.

1 Greg enjoys … in the rain.

□ walk □ walking □ to walk

2. I’d like … Molly an e-mail now.

□ send □sending □ to send

3. What does Steve want ...?

□ do □ doing □ to do

4. The cold coach watched his team … football.

□ play □ playing □ to play

5. I prefer … detective stories.

□ read □ reading □ to read

6. Would you like something …?

□ drink □ drinking □ to drink

Упражнение 3. Use Infinitive or -ing form.

1. It was quite late when they saw Martin … (come) up the other side of the street. They saw him … (pause) in front of his house, … (look) up at it and … (knock) at the door.
2. My parents let me (stay) at Molly’s house last weekend. They agreed … (take) me to his place in the car and they made me (promise) to behave myself.
3. Mel hates (answer) the phone. And very often Mel just lets it … (ring).
4. At first Jenny enjoyed … (listen) to Steven but after a while she got tired of … (hear) the same story.
5. Polly can’t (go) to the cinema today. She’s busy … (study) for her exam, which is next week, but she’s decided … (take) a break and … (phone) Megan.
6. I tried … (listen) carefully and in order (not/show) how I was embarrassed, I did my best … (keep) the conversation … (go) on one topic and another.

ПРАКТИЧЕСКАЯ РАБОТА № 10

Тема: Решения компьютерных проблем. Причастие

Цель: научить студентов разбираться в грамматической теме

Задание: выполнить грамматические упражнения

1. Напишите следующие глаголы в форме причастий.

                Причастие I           Перфектное причастие I           Причастие II

work

read

leave

go

laugh

2. Распределите следующие предложения по группам.

1. The garden was full of children, laughing and shouting. (Сад был полон детей, смеющихся и кричащих.)
2. Could you pick up the broken glass? (Ты не мог бы поднять разбитый стакан?)
3. The woman sitting by the window stood up and left. (Женщина, сидевшая у окна, встала и ушла.)
4. I walked between the shelves loaded with books. (Я прошел между полками, нагруженными книгами.)
5. Be careful when crossing the road. (Будь осторожен, переходя дорогу.)
6. Having driven 200 kilometers he decided to have a rest. (Проехав 200 км, он решил отдохнуть.)
7. If invited, we will come. (Если нас пригласят, мы придем.)
8. I felt much better having said the truth. (Мне стало гораздо лучше, когда я сказал правду.)
9. He looked at me smiling. (Он взглянул на меня, улыбаясь.)
10. She had her hair cut. (Она подстригла свои волосы.)
11. Built by the best architect in town, the building was a masterpiece. (Построенное лучшим архитектором города, здание было шедевром.)
12. Not having seen each other for ages, they had much to talk about. (Не видя друг друга вечность, им было много о чем поговорить.)

Причастие I :

Перфектное причастие I :

Причастие II :

ПРАКТИЧЕСКАЯ РАБОТА № 11

Тема: Будущее информационных технологий

Цель: познакомить студентов с л.е. по данной теме

Задание: читать текст

What is the future of IT, and which technology is going to the rule the IT industry? originally appeared on Quora: the place to gain and share knowledge, empowering people to learn from others and better understand the world.

Answer by Jay Bazzinotti, studied at Framingham State University, on Quora:

The biggest challenge to IT in the future is security. Security could negatively impact connectivity to public networks. If these problems cannot be successfully addressed, I envision a time of closed, private networks and less information sharing. The risks now are so great and getting worse every day that we even see foreign governments toppling superpowers the way Russia toppled the US and put its puppet in charge because of weak controls and poor security.

The biggest problem isn’t the machines, it’s the people involved at every level, inside and out. I worked in computer security for many years and I can see it’s almost hopeless. In my last role I surveyed hospital security in the US. In many cases IT didn’t even rescind authentication privileges of employees fired for as long as six months. The biggest threats are not from the outside - they are insider threats, both innocent and malicious. Even well meaning people in Government, for example, leave lap tops with classified information on buses by accident. People in the office find security too inconvenient and find ways to get around it. Malicious people shoulder-surf or use social engineering. In a previous job we had a “White Hat” hacker who socially-engineered himself into a secure control room of a nuclear power plant.

And this doesn’t even take into account the plethora of tools being used by malicious individuals and governments to defeat security, steal money and information and set themselves up to blackmail businesses and other leaders. AI will not solve this problem because the biggest issue isn’t the machines. The weakness is in the people. And unless we can find some way to eliminate or ameliorate that problem, then the future of IT, at least in the public domain, is going to change to a more locked-up state. I have even thought that devolution to something like SNA architecture is possible because at least air-gapped internal networks are harder to compromise and easier to secure from insider threats.

ПРАКТИЧЕСКАЯ РАБОТА № 12

Тема: Нанотехнологии

Цель: познакомить студентов с л.е. по данной теме

Задание: читать текст

Nanotechnology will make us healthy and wealthy though not necessarily wise. In a few decades, thisemerging manufacturing technology will let us inexpensively arrange atoms and molecules in most ofthe ways permitted by physical law. It will let us make supercomputers that fit on the head of a pin andfleets of medical nanorobots smaller than a human cell able to eliminate cancer, infections, cloggedarteries, and even old age. People will look back on this era with the same feelings we have towardmedieval times — when technology was primitive and almost everyone lived in poverty and died young.
Besides computers billions of times more powerful than today's, and new medical capabilities that willheal and cure in cases that are now viewed as utterly hopeless, this new and very precise way offabricating products will also eliminate the pollution from current manufacturing methods. Molecularmanufacturing will make exactly what it is supposed to make, no more and no less, and therefore won't
make pollutants.
When nanotechnology pioneer Eric Drexler first dared to publish this vision back in the early 1980s, theresponse was skeptical, at best It seemed too good to be true, and many scientists pronounced thewhole thing impossible. But the laws of physics care little for either our hopes or our fears, andsubsequent analysis kept returning the same answer: it will take time, but it is not only possible butalmost unavoidable.
The progress of technology around the world has already given us more precise, less expensivemanufacturing technologies that can make an unprecedented diversity of new products. Nowhere isthis more evident than in computer hardware: computational power has increased exponentially whilethe finest feature sizes have steadily shrunk into the deep submicron range.

ПРАКТИЧЕСКАЯ РАБОТА № 13

Тема: Искусственный интеллект

Цель: познакомить студентов с л.е. по данной теме

Задание: читать текст

Nanotechnology is the skill of building very small machines by using computer technology.

In the future, nanotechnologies could help doctors detect disease earlier, target drugs to exact locations in the body, and give us new ways to grow and repair body tissue. But what will this «mini» medicine be like?

Media images often show extremely small submarines shooting through the blood, but this vision of nano-sized health care is unlikely to become a reality. Scaled-down metal machines won’t work on the nano-scale.

But nanomachines actually already exist inside you. They are large molecules, like the enzymes that help power your body, and the ribosomes that make the proteins to form your hair and nails. They are present inside the cells of your body, they just don’t look like our idea of machines.

But they are designed to work on the nanoscale. If we could learn to copy their designs, we might be able to build nano-sized robots to help heal our bodies.

The arrival of nanomachines that could help repair our bodies is a long way off. Before we can design these devices, we need to understand how things work on this tiny scale. Most of this research is still at a very early stage.

Scientists at Oxford University are studying how the tails, or «flagella», of some bacteria work. This type of tiny motor could be used in future as a propeller for delivering drugs around the body.

A lot of current work is focused on developing sensors that detect diseases and tiny capsules that take medicines to where they’re needed most in the body.

But it could be a long time before we see the benefits. All new medicines have to go through long trials to make sure they’re safe. So we’ll probably have to wait years for most nano sized healthcare to reach doctors’ surgeries and hospitals.

However, cosmetics and beauty companies are already using this tiny technology to big effect. Skin scientists have designed nano-sized «containers» that can carry a product’s active ingredients deep into your skin, where they work most effectively.

And some sunscreens now contain zinc oxide nanoparticles. These protect you from the Sun’s rays but, unlike larger particles, they don’t give you that chalky look.

Some people are concerned that putting such small particles into our bodies may cause us harm.

The tiny size of nanoparticles means they don’t have the same properties as larger particles of the same material. So a chemical that is safe in its normal state might actually be harmful in its nano-form. Then again, it might remain harmless. We don’t really know yet.

ПРАКТИЧЕСКАЯ РАБОТА № 14

Тема: Интернет покупки

Цель: познакомить студентов с л.е. по данной теме

Задание: читать текст

Modern information technologies have influenced greatly people’s lifestyle and their daily routine. Today we can do shopping not only at markets and stores but also on the Internet. There is a great variety of online shops on the Internet and they sell all kinds of goods: from cars or airplane tickets to books or food. You can buy anything just with a few clicks of the mouse. The first online store appeared in England in 1979. And since then shopping online has become really popular and widely-used. Currently the largest world online corporations are “Amazon” and “eBay”.

It is often faster and cheaper to buy online. For instance, finding and buying books on a website is easier and more convenient than walking around a large bookstore. Moreover, customers save not only their time but money as well: warehouses are normally cheaper than shops, so online companies offer lower prices even when delivery charges are included. Although shipping a small number of items from another country could be sometimes quite expensive.

It goes without saying that not all products can be purchased online as easy as books. People prefer to try on clothes, for example, to feel the quality and choose the right size. So they often go shopping first, choose the product in stores and then place an order for it online, having found some attractive discount.

Online shopping is also an ideal way of buying goods for extremely busy people or for the disabled. Online stores are usually available 24 hours a day. All you need is the Internet access and a valid method of payment: credit cards, electronic money or cash on delivery.

The main disadvantage of online shopping is insecurity. There is always a small risk that your financial and personal information might be exploited by hackers. Other frustrating disadvantages are additional costs for delivery and long waiting time, up to several weeks. Besides, online shopping is a bit risky because you can get goods of bad quality, broken or even wrong items.

As we can see, shopping on the Internet has both advantages and disadvantages. To my mind, it is a very useful and convenient invention. We should just be careful when choosing a website and placing orders.

ПРАКТИЧЕСКАЯ РАБОТА № 15

Тема: Развитие компьютерных технологий в США

Цель: познакомить студентов с л.е. по данной теме

Задание: читать текст

ПРАКТИЧЕСКАЯ РАБОТА № 16

Тема: Электронные деньги

Цель: познакомить студентов с л.е. по данной теме

Задание: читать текст

Lately computers have filled our life. Now they are almost in each family. We have got used to them and we do not imagine our leisure without this miracle-machine.

With the help of computers the Internet has entered into our life. It became an integral part of a life of each person. Now people cannot live a day without checking of mail and visiting their favourite sites. The Internet is not only the assistant in daily work, it is also the other world in which there are mail boxes, libraries, photo galleries, games, shops. By means of the Internet people can travel to different cities, visit tourist places, communicate with people.

Recently many people ask a question: " Is the Internet harmful or useful? ". I think, that on this question there is no certain answer. In fact on the one hand the Internet is a very good and useful thing. And on the other hand it has many negative functions: dependence, the waste of time, money, health.

Certainly, the Internet can be the excellent assistant in information search. But if we spend a lot of time on the Internet we`ll have some problems. We lose a touch with the real world, get in a full dependence on a computer. I think, that it is important to learn to distinguish a side between a real life and a life on the Internet. For that it is necessary to understand, what is really important on the Internet and what is not . And then the Internet will be not the terrible enemy, but the indispensable assistant.

ПРАКТИЧЕСКАЯ РАБОТА № 17

Тема: Безопасность в сети Интернет. Причастие 2

Цель: научить студентов разбираться в грамматической теме

Задание: выполнить грамматические упражнения

Раскройте скобки, употребив причастие прошедшего времени. Переведите.

1. The letter (to write) by him was very long. 
2. We are interested in the goods (to produce) by this factory. 
3. She didn’t understand the word (to say) by him. 
4. He didn’t see the things (to keep) in her box. 
5. I don’t like the video (to buy) yesterday. 
6. This is the house (to build) many years ago. 
7. The question (to put) to the professor was important. 
8. When (to offer) to work abroad, he refused. 
9. The article on agriculture (to publish) in this magazine was written by Smith. 
10. You can get the book (to recommend) by our teacher in the library. 
11. When (to use) for building purposes, concrete is very important. 
12. When (to complete) the new building will accommodate 3000 students.

ПРАКТИЧЕСКАЯ РАБОТА № 18

Тема: Безопасность электронной почты

Цель: научить студентов разбираться в грамматической теме

Задание: выполнить грамматические упражнения

Упражнение 1. 
Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на причастия настоящего времени.

1. The girl standing at the window is my sister. 
2. Having been sent to the wrong address the letter didn’t rich him. 
3. He sat in the arm-chair thinking. 
4. She came up to us breathing heavily. 
5. The hall was full of laughing people. 
6. The singing girl was about fourteen. 
7. Having read the book I gave it to Pete. 
8. The large building being built in our street is a new school – house. 
9. Having finished the experiment the students left the laboratory. 
10. Being busy, he postponed his trip. 
11. Having been written long ago, the manuscript was impossible to read. 
12. Having been built of concrete, the house was always cold in winter.

Упражнение 2. 
Раскройте скобки, употребив причастие настоящего времени в активной и пассивной форме.

1. (To impress) by the film, they kept silent. 
2. (To lose) the book, the student couldn’t remember the topic. 
3. He spent the whole day (to read) a book. 
4. (To travel) around America for a month, she returned to England. 
5. He watched Mike (to go) out of the door and (to cross) the street. 
6. The question (to discuss) now is very important. 
7. (To pack) in the beautiful box the flowers looked very lovely. 
8. (To descent) the mountains, they heard a man calling for help. 
9. (To reject) by everybody he became a monk. 
10. (To show) the wrong direction, the travelers soon lost their way.

Упражнение 3. 
Раскройте скобки, употребив Indefinite или Perfect Participle I. Переведите.

1. (To write) out all the words, I started to learn them. 
2. (To buy) food, they left supermarket. 
3. (to bark) dog doesn’t bite. 
4. She entered the room (to smile). 
5. (To drink) coffee she was talking to her friend. 
6. (To find) the keys, we were able to open the door. 
7. (To make) the report, Tom left the room. 
8. (To see) her he raised his hat. 
9. My task (to finish), I went to bed. 
10. While (to learn) the pronunciation of the words we learned their meaning.

ПРАКТИЧЕСКАЯ РАБОТА № 19

Тема: Киберпреступления

Цель: научить студентов разбираться в грамматической теме

Задание: выполнить грамматические упражнения

Переведите на английский язык, используя причастие настоящего времени в активной или пассивной форме.

1. Ему нравится статья, которую сейчас обсуждают?

2. Войдя в комнату, он быстро подошел к окну.

3. Девочка, играющая в саду, моя сестра.

4. Здание, которое строят в нашем районе, будет новым бассейном.

5. Мальчик, которого сейчас спрашивают, мой двоюродный брат.

6. Зная английский язык, ты можешь общаться с людьми разных стран.

7. Она сидела на скамейке, читая книгу.

8. Мой дедушка посадил цветы, которые сейчас поливают.

9. Читая статью в английском журнале, я выписал новые слова.

10. Когда ее спросили о цветах, она сказала, что уже убрала их

ПРАКТИЧЕСКАЯ РАБОТА № 20

Тема: Компьютерное пиратство

Цель: познакомить студентов с л.е. по данной теме

Задание: читать текст

Computers in Our Life (2)

Computer addicts are the minority of computer users but there is no doubt that more and more young people are computer literate. Computer studies is a subject in many schools and many young people have personal computers. About one in three hundred computer owners spend almost all their time using computers.

Ninety six per cent of them are males of all ages. All of them spend an average of twenty hours per week on home computers. The majority of the adults also use computers at work. All the computer addicts are very intelligent. They have been interested in science and technology from a very early age, and they are usually very shy people who like being alone.

Usage of computers gives them confidence. They love debugging and solving problems, developing programs and love learning programming languages. They learnt to communicate with other users through computer networks and the people they met in school and work think of them as of computer experts. A few spend their time "hacking" and one addict left a message on a computer of Buckingham House.

A survey in a school showed that fewer girls are interested in computers because girls are less likely to have a computer. Even if they have one, they use them less frequently than boys. Possibly it is because we think of computers as something to do with maths and science, which are traditionally "male" subjects. Possibly it is because most of the computer teachers are men, who give the girls less attention. Possibly parents think it is less important for girls to have computer skills.

Some parents worry about computer games because they think their children won't be able to communicate with real people in the real world. But parents do not need to worry. According to research computer addicts usually do well after they have left school.

Parents also do not need to worry that computer addiction will make their children become unfriendly and unable to communicate with people. It is not the computer that makes them shy. In fact, what they know about computers improves their social lives. They become experts and others come to them for help and advice.

For most children computer games are a craze. Like any other craze, such as skate-boarding, the craze is short-lived. It provides harmless fun and a chance to escape.

If we didn't have these computer addicts, we wouldn't have modern technology. They are the inventors of tomorrow.

ПРАКТИЧЕСКАЯ РАБОТА № 21

Тема: Профессии в сфере ИТ

Цель: познакомить студентов с л.е. по данной теме

Задание: читать текст

I began to think about my future profession a long time ago. Profession depends largely on the nature of a person. I selected the speciality of a public servant, which was a responsible decision. Person working in this field has to be pretty serious , attentive, focused and organized. He or she should be able to find the approach to people, know what would be better for them and try to meet the needs of the individual and society as a whole. I try to cultivate these qualities, as well as moral and spiritual basis, which is fundamental for professionals of civil service. Future job should be interesting and a person should like it, because this is an important part of happiness in life. State and municipal management is a relatively new specialty in the market of educational services. 
Civil service is a prestigious and stable occupation. It provides long-term employment and career growth, depending on the contribution of individual. This is a wide field for creative activity, there will be an opportunity to express yourself and demonstrate an unconventional thinking, because at the moment transformations take place in the sphere of state and municipal management. Today, the profession of a civil servant is marked by every third man as an attractive, and by every second person - as a prestigious one. 
The recognition of the rights and freedoms of a citizen is the highest value of the modern state, therefore, the profession of a civil servant assumes the recognition and observance of these rights as the first of its responsibilities. Choosing this career, I understand that I should serve the interests of civil society in the first place. I really want to find myself, get pleasure from my job , and, in exchange, sincere gratitude for my work.

ПРАКТИЧЕСКАЯ РАБОТА № 22

Тема: Профессия старшего программиста

Цель: познакомить студентов с л.е. по данной теме

Задание: читать текст

ПРАКТИЧЕСКАЯ РАБОТА № 23

Тема: Составление резюме

Цель: познакомить студентов с л.е. по данной теме

Задание: читать текст

Personal information (личная информация)

Olga M. Pavlova

(сначала имя, потом первая буква отчества с точкой, фамилия)

Ul. Sadovaya, 24, d. 2, kv. 44, Moscow

Tel:1234567

(можно дописать cell — мобильный и home — домашний)

Objective (цель)

To obtain a position of an office-manager in an established company.

(Получить должность офис-менеджера в стабильной компании)

Education (образование)

2006 — 2010 Bachelor in Economics, Institute of Economics and International Relations, Rostov-on-Don (Rostov-na-Donu)

Бакалавр экономики, Институт экономики и внешнеэкономических связей, г Ростов-на-Дону

Employment Experience (опыт работы)

2010 — 2012 Office-Manager, Gulliver Corporation,Moscow

2010 — 2012 Офис-Менеджер, Корпорация «Гулливер», Москва

Responsibilities (обязанности)

Organized training and orientation of new staff;

Обучение и ознакомление персонала с новыми обязанностями;

Maintained office services by controlling correspondence, preparing payroll;

Координация работы офиса: ведение корреспонденции, подготовка платежных ведомостей

Designed filing systems and maintained them up-to-date.

Разработка и обновление системы регистрации документов

Skills (навыки)

Microsoft Office, Excel, Power Point

(Записывает компьютерные навыки)

English — Intermediate, German — fluent

Английский — средний уровень, немецкий — свободное владение

References (рекомендации)

References are available upon request.

Рекомендации предоставляются по требованию.

ПРАКТИЧЕСКАЯ РАБОТА № 24

Тема: Профессиональные качества программиста

Цель: познакомить студентов с л.е. по данной теме

Задание: читать текст

What Skills Do You Need to Get a Good Job?       

Making a positive career choice is a problem which worries many people nowadays. What am I good at? How can I find a well-paid job? What kind of knowledge and what traits of character should I have to succeed? These are the questions that people often ask themselves. Nowadays employers demand perfect knowledge, work experience, a range of transferable skills and such qualities as efficiency, punctuality, practicality, creativity and many others. If you want to get a good job, you must convince your employer that you are the best candidate for it. Choosing your future job you should take into consideration your interests, abilities and opportunities. Besides, you should know your employer's requirements.

If you want to become a good specialist, to keep your job and to get a promotion, you should be competent. Competence is a requirement for a person to properly perform a specific job. In other words, it is a combination of knowledge, skills and behavior, the ability to perform a specific role. Today executives and managers don't only speak of skills and qualifications of their employees, but of their competencies that measure a person's appropriateness for a particular job. There are a lot of competencies but as a rule they are divided into two large groups: technical competencies and personal competencies. Technical competencies comprise the skills and knowledge that are essential in order for a person to do a particular job appropriately (for example word processing). Personal competencies include characteristics that people use together with their technical competencies in order to do their work well (for example, initiative and sociability). Competence development is a long process that requires training and personal development. Competence grows through experience.

The ability to make the right decision is crucial in the world of business. A well considered decision will lead your team to success; a poor decision can result into failure. A good employee should demonstrate problem-solving capability and think about what is to be achieved and how it is to be achieved. Many companies need people who can work effectively in different countries and cultures, in other words, people who can function in a global context. Therefore it is important to develop intercultural competence. This requirement stems from the mass globalization of business and the development of cross-cultural contacts. Intercultural competence is the ability to understand people of other cultures and to work effectively with them. A person must remember that the traditions and customs that he or she is used to may be inadmissible in another country. That is why one should be aware of intercultural differences to avoid mistakes, misunderstanding or offence and to achieve one's business goals.

Negotiating is part and parcel of working life that is why negotiating skills are essential no matter what kind of job a person has. The most important thing is to take into consideration your personal style and your partner's expectations and reaction. You should be calm, reasonable, self-confident and convincing. You should try to win your partner's favour and make him trust you. It is useful to take into account all details: your speech, body language, physical contact, eye contact, etc.

Relationship-building is a new popular term that means building good relationships with partners and clients. You should understand their needs and respect their rights. You should also maintain good relationships with supervisors and peers. It is very important to handle appropriately criticism and complaints, to deal respectfully with cultural and racial diversity and never to engage in harassment of any kind.

Modern life is full of stress that is why it is essential to be able to cope with stress and fatigue. When a person is busy achieving his aspirations, he often forgets about work-life balance. Many people suffer from the conflict between work and family. They are too much preoccupied with their career and they have no time for rest, pleasure and spiritual development. Don't forget that if you want to make a career, you should be healthy and happy. And if you want to be healthy and happy, you should not forget a simple rule: don't overwork, take breaks and remember that we work to live but not vice versa.
 

1. Complete each sentence (A—H) with one of the endings (1—8):
A. Nowadays employers demand
B. Competence is
C. Today executives and managers don't only speak of skills and qualifications of their employees, but of
D. Competence development is a long process that requires
E. A good employee should demonstrate problem-solving capability and think about
F. Intercultural competence is the ability
G. Relationship-building is a new popular term that means
H. Modern life is full of stress that is why it is essential to be able

1. their competencies that measure a person's appropriateness for a particular job.
2. to understand people of other cultures and to work effectively with them.
3. a combination of knowledge, skills and behavior, the ability to perform a specific role.
4. what is to be achieved and how it is to be achieved.
5. to cope with stress and fatigue.
6. perfect knowledge, work experience, a range of transferable skills and such qualities as efficiency, punctuality, practicality, creativity and many others.
7. building good relationships with partners and clients.
8. training and personal development.

2. Make a short summary of the text (5—7 sentences)

3. Read and translate the following proverbs and sayings. Explain their meaning
• Business is the salt of life.
• A bird is known by his note, the man by his work.
• He works best who knows his trade.
• Business first, pleasure afterwards.
• If you won't work you shan't eat.
• All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.
• A bad workman quarrels with his tools.
• Jack of all trades is master to none.
• No sweet without some sweat.
• Busiest men find the most time.

4. Answer the questions
1) Why is it difficult to make a positive career choice?
2) What should a person do if he or she wants to get a good job?
3) What should you take into consideration choosing your future job?
4) Why is it important to be competent?
5) How many groups of competencies do you know? Say a few words about them.
6) Why is the ability to make the right decision crucial in the world of business?
7) What does the expression 'to function in a global context' mean?
8) Why is it important to develop intercultural competence?
9) Are negotiating skills essential in business/in everyday life? Why?
10) What are the secrets of successful negotiating?
11) What does the term 'relationship-building' mean?
12) Why do many people suffer from the conflict between work and family nowadays? What are the ways to solve this problem?