Учебные материалы для моих студентов

Министерство общего и профессионального образования

 Свердловской области  

Государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение

среднего профессионального образования                    

«Красноуфимский аграрный  колледж»

Пособие по английскому языку

для студентов I курса

Автор: И.В.Мишина, преподаватель иностранного языка высшей квалификационной категории

Рецензент: А.А.Мавлютова, преподаватель высшей квалификационной категории, председатель цикловой комиссии общих гуманитарных и социально – экономических дисциплин

Аннотация:

Данное пособие предназначено для студентов I курса (2 семестр), изучающих английский язык. В связи с переходом на новые стандарты, в соответствии с типовой программой, возникла необходимость введения тем, не изучавшихся ранее на 1 году обучения в колледже. Данные темы отсутствуют в учебниках, используемых в учебном процессе в настоящее время, поэтому возникла необходимость в создании методического пособия. Пособие может быть использовано не только при работе в классе, но и при самостоятельной работе студентов.

Содержание

Unit 1 TV against Theater ……………………………………5

Unit 2 The role of the mass media in our life ………………..6

Unit 3 Problems of Youth……………………………………...8

Unit 4 Generation Gap ………………………………………..9

Unit 5 Youth and unemployment …………………………….11

Unit 6 What is the Happiness? ……………………………….12

Unit 7 Health is above wealth ………………………………...14

Unit 1

1. Read and translate the following words.

2. Read the text and underline key words in it.

TV against Theater

It is obvious that TV and cinema have much more advantages then theater. Of course among these types of entertaining theater was the first, it has been existed from ancient times, long before television and cinema, and was very popular.

But with the coming of cinema the situation had changed. Of course it is much more expensive to shoot a movie then to show a theater performance, but the expenses will be compensated, because a lot of people want to see the movie. The movie is realistic, there are a lot of live decorations and costumes and a lot of stunts, that all attracts people's attention much more then the theater. In a movie it is possible to show a long period of time, different people and different places. The main advantage of cinema is the reality of the representation, which is impossible in theater. And now cinema is very popular, especially among young people, because there are a lot of new technologies now to make a film full of exciting stunts and decorations. There are a lot of cinemas now, where you can go in the evening to watch some new movie. It is convenient and entertaining. Theater nowadays is the form of a cultural outing, but young people do that very seldom.

It is hard to say, what is more popular between TV and cinema. Almost all people have a TV set at home, where one can watch some show, series or movies. Besides TV is the means of informing people, there a many news programs on TV. But it is much more exciting to watch a thrilling film on a large screen in the cinema. So we can say that the cinema is as popular as TV.

And with the coming of new high technologies we have a new convenient form of entertaining – internet. We can download any film, series or show we like from the net and watch it any time we wish, so much times we wish and all that at home, not leaving some other things to do. 

Marina Sokol

3. Divide the text into three parts: introduction, main part, conclusion.

4. Read the first paragraph, find the sentence which has the basic information.

5. Find facts that confirm the idea that the movie is very popular.

6. Translate the text into Russian.

7. Name information in this text which was surprising / new / useful / boring  for you. Why?

Unit 2

1. Read and translate the following words.

2. Read the first part of the text and underline key words in it.

The role of the mass media in our life

I

We can not imagine our life without mass media. Our Information Age is determined in many respects by the mass media. The mass media do not only spread the news, they impose certain values on contemporary men. The received information moulds the way of people's thinking. Sometimes information given by television, radio, newspapers and the Internet is contradictory and man must decide which one is more reliable. 
Previously it took news months to travel from one country to another; today it takes it only several seconds. People started to get news comparatively quickly with the appearance of newspapers. Newspapers are very important for a contemporary man. The choice of the newspapers is wide. Now all newspapers are classified into two groups; quality and popular. Quality newspapers are serious national papers intended for educated readers. Popular newspapers are tabloid, they are designed for common readers. Radio became widely used during World War I. At the turn of the 20th century TV became part of people's daily life. TV offers to its viewers current affairs programs, cultural programs, chat shows, sports programs, etc. It informs, educates and entertains men. The Internet is the recent innovation. It has broken the traditional frontiers and helps people to establish contacts. Due to the Internet I have found a lot friends in different countries, I have visited the greatest world museums and art galleries without leaving my apartment. The Internet is turning our planet into a global village. 
To have a comprehensive picture of what is going on, people must watch TV programmes, read newspapers and magazines, use the Internet, but do it selectively. 

II

Nowadays the mass media have become daily and essential necessity with contemporary men. The mass media report about various aspects of life, they form and affect public opinion.
The mass media comprise newspapers, radio, TV and the Internet. In this or that form the mass media come into every home. 
The Internet was created in 1983. Since that time it has grown beyond its largely academic origin into an increasingly commercial and popular medium. The Internet connects many computer networks. The Internet has connected millions of computers throughout the world. 
Newspaper are usually issued daily, weekly, or at other regular times. They provide news, views, features, and other information of public interest and often carry advertising. The first English printed news book the "Weekly News" appeared in London in 1621. In 1771 Parliament agave journalists the right to report its proceedings. Newspapers come out to provide their readers with fresh news. Today people have a chance to have full information about political, economic and cultural events in their own country and abroad. 
Radio appeared earlier than TV. In 1901 ah Italian physicist named Guglielrno Marconi received wireless telegraphic messages sent from Cornwall to Newfoundland. It was hailed as a triumph. Radio underwent rapid improvement in the period before World War II. Today there are a lot of radio stations of many different types and so much variety. Talk shows and music programmes with disc jockeys are very popular. 
Now almost every family in the civilized world has a TV set. Television plays an important role in our society, not only as an entertainer and informant, but also because of the grip it has on many people. Television channels easily go into people's home taking in their time and life. 

3. Choose the sentences which describe groups of newspapers.

4. Find facts that confirm that TV informs, educates and entertains men.

5. Read and translate in writing the second part of the text.

Unit 3

1. Read the following words.

used to [ju:sttu(:)] — раньше, бывало (+ infinitive to talk about things that happened regularly in past, but have changed now)
teenager ['ti:n,eidз∂] — подросток, юноша
to worry ['wΛri] — беспокоить(ся), волновать(ся)
unemployment ['Λnim'ploim∂nt] — безработица
chain — цепь, цепочка
rasta (от rastafari — растафари (название секты ямайских негров))

to do one's best — сделать все от себя зависящее, проявить максимум энергии
to get on well with — ладить (с кем-л.)

2. Read the text find more unknown words and write them into your notebooks.

Problems of Youth

Life used to be fun for 'teenagers'. They used to have money to spend, and free time to spend it in. They used to wear teenage clothes, and meet in teenage coffee bars and discos. Some of them still do. But for many young people, life is harder now. Jobs are difficult to find. There's not so much money around. Things are more expensive, and it's hard to find a place to live. Teachers say that students work harder than they used to. They are less interested in politics, and more interested in passing exams. They know that good exam results may get them better jobs.
Most young people worry more about money than their parents did twenty years ago. They try to spend less and save more. They want to be able to get homes of their own one day.

For some, the answer to unemployment is to leave home and look for work in one of Britain's big cities. Every day hundreds of young people arrive in London from other parts of Britain, looking for jobs. Some find work, and stay. Others don't find it, and go home again, or join the many unemployed in London. There used to be one kind of teenage fashion, one style, one top pop group. Then, the girls all wore mini-skirts and everyone danced to the music of the Beatles and the Rolling Stones. But now an eighteen-year-old might be a punk, with green hair and chains round his legs, or a skin head, with short, short hair and right wing politics, or a 'rasta', with long uncombed hair and a love for Africa. There's a lot of different music around too. There's reggae, the West Indian sound, there's rock, there's heavy metal, country and western, and disco. All these kinds of music are played by different groups and listened to by different fans.

When you read the newspapers and watch the news on television, it's easy to get the idea that British young people are all unemployed, angry and in trouble. But that's not true. Three quarters of them do more or less what their parents did. They do their best at school, find some kind of work in the end, and get married in their early twenties. They get on well with their parents, and enjoy family life. They eat fish and chips, watch football on TV, go to the pub, and like reading about pop stars. After all, if they didn't, they wouldn't be British, would they?

3. Divide the text into three parts: introduction, main part, conclusion

 4. Answer these questions
1.    What is the difference between the life of today's teenagers and their parents when they were in their teens?
2.    What do teachers say about today's students?
3.    What problems do teens have today? Is it difficult to solve them?
4.    What are the trends of today's youth fashion in clothes, music, ways of life?
5.    How does the mass media describe the young generation?
6.    What is the author's attitude to the young people?

Unit 4

1. Read the following words.

lifestyle — стиль жизни
piercing — пирсинг
tattoo — татуировка
relationship — отношение
view — взгляд
childhood — детство
to regard — рассматривать
to tend — иметь тенденцию
to prevent — предотвращать
wise — мудрый
false — ложный, фальшивый
wisdom — мудрость
illusion — бесполезная иллюзия
to disappear — исчезать

preferred form — предпочтительная форма
to express — выражать
advice — совет
right track — истинный, правильный путь
to fail — терпеть неудачу
to blame — обвинять
adult — взрослый
to socialize with — общаться с
dumpy— унылый
to settle — разрешать, урегулировать
peacefully — мирно
with loving care — с любовью
to do one's best — делать все возможное
to cope with — справляться с 

2. Read the text and underline key words in it.

Generation Gap

            Sometimes our parents don't understand us. They don't understand some problems and things which are very important in teens' life; for example, the lifestyles of young people, piercing, tattoos, drugs, sex, relationship with friends and teachers. So sometimes teens can't tell them about their private life. Some parents don't want to understand modern views, ideals and system of values.
Elderly people usually compare their childhood and youth with the present, and regard old times as better, always talking about "the good old days". The young people, on the other hand, tend to think their times as the best. Teens look at the world with fresh eyes. Everything is new, interesting to them. Sometimes they cannot solve their everyday problems. But they want to cope with them by themselves. So adults shouldn't prevent them from making their own mistakes.
People are said to come wiser with age. Sometimes it is true and sometimes it is not. I think that you can meet a wise man among the old as often as among the young. It is false that when old age wisdom has come, useless illusions have disappeared. Sometimes when we talk to adults, a monologue is a preferred form of expressing your ideas in such talks. That's why some teens don't like to talk to adults.
I think that it's in people's nature to give advice. It seems to people that giving advice they can help somebody or put somebody on the right track. But if a person takes their advice and fails, he can blame an adult all of his life. Our parents have their own ideas and views that their children don't share and understand. They think that their children won't find their place in life. They often say that now teens are very difficult to socialize with and dumpy. But children should settle all problems peacefully because they are their parents. They brought them up with loving care. And if children come to their parents for advice and help, they will do their best and help children to cope with problems and difficulties.

3. Read the text once again and choose the sentences which describe the main idea of the text

 4. Answer these questions

1. What is a generation gap? 
2. Why do teens tend to think their times as the best? 
3. Do you share this opinion? Why? 
4. Do you always follow your parents' advice? Why? 
5. Do you agree that people become wiser with age? Why? 6. Do you agree that it's in people's nature to give advice? Why?

7. Is it necessary for children to share their parents' ideas? Why? 
8. Is it necessary for children to understand their parents' ideas? Why? 
9. What about you? 
10. Do your parents do their best and help you to cope with problems and difficulties? 

5. Ask your group mate if he (she) has any problems with   parents.

Unit 5

1. Read and translate the interview with British young man about unemployment.

Youth and unemployment

- What do you know about unemployment?
- Unemployment is the condition of one who is capable of working, actively seeking work, but unable to find it. It is important to note, that to be considered unemployed a person must be an active member of the labour force and in search of work. Statistics on unemployment collected and analyzed by government labour offices in most countries is considered to be the chief indicator of economic health. In the United States an unemployment rate of two percent is often cited as a "base" rate.

- What do you think about the problem of unemployment in Russia?
- The problem of the youth unemployment is one of the most important ones. The number of the young people looking for job is constantly increasing In Russia young people are looking for job not only for the sake of earning money, but because they want to be independent from their parents. Moreover, job gives the young people a chance to adjust themselves to the real life of adults and stir their ambitions.

- Is it possible for Russian school-leavers to find any job?
- Yes, it is. But unfortunately, they are able to find employment only for shorter than normal periods. School-leavers can be part- time workers, seasonal workers, day or casual workers. In general their job is not welcomed. Very often preference is given to adult people. To ensure a balance of working groups in our society the government should work out some social employment programmes.

- Is it easy to find a job for a graduate in Russia?
- It depends upon the ability of the person, his qualification and an element of luck by which he or she can find a job. Sometimes the graduates are overqualified for the jobs offered to them. But if the person is persistent he will always find the job he is looking for. Unfortunately not all the required professions are well paid Underpayment can also be regarded as a kind of unemployment Certainly to find a job for a student or a graduate is easier than for a school-leaver.

- Have you ever tried to apply for a job?
- No, I have not. But my friend have. And the results are not optimistic. Employees prefer to hire an undergraduate than a school-leaver, who can sit with a baby or wash dishes in a cafe.

- What are you going to do after finishing school?
- Unqualified jobs can be good for pupils or students. But if one wants to get a good job and reach something in this life one must continue education. I am going to enter the University. I want to become a journalist. Journalists are always at the forefront of the people's activity.

- Are your friends going to enter institutions of higher education?
- Some of them are going to enter universities, others are dreaming about colleges, others are intending to work and study at one and the same time.

- What do you know about the problem of unemployment in Europe?
- In Western Europe, unemployment is by far the most important issue. When presented with the choice of 15 different areas of concern, west European nations put unemployment either first or in the top three. Europeans felt that unemployment was the main cause of poverty. Elsewhere in the world, people were likely to choose lack of education as the main reason. Europeans also put great emphasis on insufficient welfare funding. People from the former eastern bloc put slightly less emphasis on unemployment and more on drug and alcohol abuse. These countries also tend to be more concerned about the environment than about economic growth.

2. Name information in this text which was surprising / new / useful / boring for you.  Why?

3. What questions would you ask your group mate about unemployment in your town?

Unit 6

1. Read and translate the following words.

 2. Read the text and underline key words in it.

What is the Happiness?

 What is the happiness? Hmmm... It's a difficult question and I'm definitely sure that happiness can't mean the same to all the people.

May be for elderly people who have lived a long life it's easier to find an answer for this question, but nevertheless I'll try to give my own understanding of this phenomenon.

Happiness is something that lives inside each of us, but not all the people are able to feel it. You can neither buy happiness, nor sell it; you can never win it in the lottery; the only way to be happy is to grow your happiness. Have you ever noticed that some people are always grumbling about their endless problems, dissatisfaction in life and even about the dull weather that annoys them? Such people see only dark sides in everything and it prevents them from being happy. But look at other people! At first sight they have nothing in life; they don't have stable jobs or their own apartments, but they are really happy; they meet every day with a smile, they laugh and receive pleasure from life. Isn't that great?

I personally appreciate such people and I believe that happiness is to live your life, to enjoy every day of your life, to be glad to every minute and to receive with thanks everything that life offers you. And even when it gives you hardships and difficulties, it gives you strength to overcome them. Happiness means to live your life in such a way that when retired you have something to remember and to be proud of, some pleasant moments that will always evoke a smile. 

I'm sure that I'm a happy person: I have many friends, loving parents, goals in my life, etc. As one of my friends says if you are not a handicapped person you are a really lucky and happy one. And I think that is true. I try to enjoy every day of my life and be happy all the time: to smile when I wake up because of the bright sun shining directly into my window, to feel happiness somewhere deep inside playing snowballs or swimming in the sea, to feel pleasure when I see a child happily laughing or when I look at a large rainbow after a downpour. So, be happy!

3. Read the text once again and choose the sentences which describe the main idea of the text.

4. Find facts that confirm the idea that the happiness can't mean the same to all the people.

5. What is the happiness for you? Enter words in the figures given below.

Unit 7

1. Read and translate the following words.

2. Read the text and underline key words in it.

Health is above wealth

People nowadays are more health-conscious than they used to be. They understand that good health is above wealth.

To be healthy we should avoid different bad habits that can affect our health. In my opinion, smoking and drinking too much alcohol, are the worst ones. It's common knowledge that smoking and drinking can shorten our lives dramatically. Smoking, for example, causes a number of heart and lung diseases, such as pneumonia, emphysema and cancer. Besides, it makes your teeth yellow and skin unhealthy. Fortunately, in recent years smoking has received a lot of bad publicity, and fewer people smoke nowadays. Some companies don't employ people who are smokers. Smoking has been banned in most public places because everyone agrees it does harm to our health. I don't smoke, because I don't want to have unhealthy skin and teeth and die young.

Smoking and drinking are joined by less dangerous habits, such as skipping meals, eating unhealthy food, or even overeating. Of course, they are not quite as deadly as smoking or drinking alcohol, but they also affect our health.

If we eat too much, we'll become obese, and obesity leads to serious health problems. A lot of people like drinking coca cola and coffee, and enjoy pizzas and hamburgers. But what is tasty is not always healthy. Fast food makes you fat, that's why Americans are the fattest people in the world.

In recent years eating habits have undergone a change. People are encouraged to eat less fat and more fibre. Fat is believed to be one of the major causes of obesity and heart disease. High fibre and low fat foods can now be found in all shops and supermarkets. Salads, beans, and fruit have taken the place of steak and ice cream. The fashion for health food is growing all the time.

Many people feel they are too fat, even if their doctors disagree. And a lot of people try to improve their fitness. There are a lot of ways to lose weight and avoid gaining it. Perhaps the most popular of them is following a diet. If you want to lose weight, you should cut out snacks and desserts, and cut down on fat. People have also become more aware of calories, the energy value of food. Some people count the number of calories they eat every day; so that they can try to take in fewer calories and lose weight. This is called a calorie-controlled diet. Manufacturers are increasingly producing special foods with fewer calories for slimmers.

But excessive dieting may be dangerous, too. Some people refuse to eat meat as they consider it harmful. They say a vegetarian diet reduces the risk of cancer and vegetarians live longer than others. I can't agree with them, because meat is an excellent source of good nutrition. In my opinion, it's wrong to put down a food simply because excessive amounts can cause health problems. Consumed in moderate amounts, meat is perfectly good for our health.

To my mind, the only way to stay healthy and to keep fit is by going in for sports. Among the benefits of regular exercise are a healthier heart, stronger bones, quicker reaction times and more resistance to various illnesses. Besides, you can eat and drink as much as you want because you are burning it all off.

To be healthy, it is also very important to spend a lot of time in the open air. It is useful to go for a walk before going to bed, or to air the room.

I think it is very important to be fit and healthy, and it is necessary to take care of your health. Being fat, in fact, can cause real problems. It is harder for fat people to get a good job, or even to make friends. If you want to do well, you must be thin. That's why I go in for sports on a regular basis. I have been doing aerobics for three years and I feel great. I am not enthusiastic about strict dieting, but I try to eat only low-fat food, and fruit and vegetables which are rich in vitamins.

Personally I believe that regularity in life promotes our health. Sleeping eight or nine hours, getting up early, regular meals, a healthy diet and going in for sports is really a good way to live.

3. Read the text once again and name the issues raised in the text.

4. Enlarge the following statements:

People nowadays are more health-conscious…

To be healthy we should avoid….

If we eat too much…

If you want to lose weight, you should …

The only way to stay healthy and to keep fit is…

I think it is very important to be fit and healthy because….

5. Make a leaflet about healthy lifestyle.

Happiness

Резюме (в англоязычном мире используют термин Сurriculum Vitae или CV) - мощнейшее оружие в арсенале соискателя на получение того или иного места работы. 
Поэтому важно уметь грамотно составлять этот документ.

Даже очень квалифицированные сотрудники часто получают отказ от работодателей, поскольку анкеты соискателей не соответствуют предъявляемым к ним требованиям.

Что нужно сделать, чтобы предполагаемый босс выбрал ваше резюме и предложил вам участвовать в отборочном конкурсе или прийти на собеседование?

Коротко да ясно, от того и прекрасно

При составлении резюме нужно избегать слишком сложных конструкций.

Помните: у вас есть буквально секунды на то, чтобы заинтересовать работодателя, читающего вашу анкету. 
И если она будет написана заумно, она может быть моментально отправлена в корзину.

Cтрогих правил, касающихся объема резюме, нет. 
И все же нужно стараться уместить информацию на одной странице формата A4.

Что нужно указать в анкете

Стандартное резюме начинается с личной информации (Personal information), то есть с сообщения

  имени и фамилии соискателя (Name & Surname)

  адреса (Address)

  контактных данных (Contact details).

Вся эта информация помещается в верхней части страницы.

Далее следуют данные о

  квалификации (Skills)

  опыте работы (Work experience)

  карьерных целях (Career goals).

В обратном хронологическом порядке указываются должности (Positions), которые соискатель занимал в последние годы, и достижения (Achievements) при выполнения тех или иных обязанностей.

В резюме также включают сведения об образовании (Education), интересах соискателя (Interests) и упоминают о наличии или возможности получения рекомендаций (References).

Чего делать не стоит

Не следует отправлять вместе с резюме свидетельства и удостоверения (за исключением случаев, когда этого требует работодатель). 
Как правило, подобного рода документы предъявляются соискателями во время собеседования.

Следующий совет может показаться банальным, и все же: не стоит пытаться выдумывать и указывать в анкете места трудоустройства, чтобы скрыть период, когда вы не работали.

Простейшая проверка данных может вскрыть обман и поставить крест на возможности получить желаемую работу.

Перед тем, как отправить работодателю анкету, внимательно прочитайте ее и проверьте, нет ли в ней орфографических ошибок. Они, как, впрочем, и пятна на листе с текстом резюме, сразу могут вызвать негативную реакцию у того, кто будет читать ваше CV.

Строго соблюдайте требования по предоставлению документов, которые указаны в объявлении о вакансии. Например, если отдел кадров желает получить от вас три или четыре копии резюме, именно столько экземпляров и нужно предоставить.

И последнее. В большинстве случаев к резюме прилагают сопроводительное письмо (Covering letter). В нем соискатель указывает желаемую должность и в нескольких предложениях излагает преимущества своей кандидатуры.

Объем сопроводительного письма не должен превышать одной страницы.

Образцы написания резюме и сопроводительного письма на английском языке представлены ниже.

  Подготовка к презентации

Многим из нас не нравится выступать с докладами или презентациями, а когда предстоит выступление на иностранном языке, это настоящий повод для волнения! Ниже мы перечислили основные этапы подготовки и проведения презентации на английском языке и надеемся, что этот материал поможет вам почувствовать уверенность в своих силах.

 Этапы проведения презентации:

 1) Подготовка.

2) Язык презентации.

3) Язык жестов.

1. ПОДГОТОВКА 

При подготовке выступления следует помнить, что это самый важный этап. Вам следует убедиться, что у вас есть вся необходимая информация и материалы. Итак, вам понадобится:

1. Вся информация по теме презентации
2. Информация о месте и времени проведения презентации
3. Грамотно оформленные визуальные средства
4. Карточки для тезисов
5. Необходимая лексика и терминология по теме презентации
6. Помощник, перед которым вы будете репетировать свое выступление

В первую очередь, вам необходимо отобрать ДЕЙСТВИТЕЛЬНО нужную информацию. Это поможет вам рассчитать продолжительность презентации, которая является одним из ключевых моментов. Доклад должен длиться не менее 5 минут и не более 20. За 5 минут вы не донесете сути и не успеете ответить на вопросы. Если выступление длится более 20 минут, вы рискуете потерять внимание и интерес аудитории. Убедитесь, что вы говорите то, что ДЕЙСТВИТЕЛЬНО хотите сказать. Любое отклонение от темы может увести аудиторию в сторону от существа вопроса. ОБЯЗАТЕЛЬНО положите перед собой часы и следите за временем, чтобы не отклоняться от регламента.

Во-вторых, письменно составьте план презентации, это поможет вам лучше понять логику доклада и доступность материала. В общих чертах план должен выглядеть так:

1.  Вступительное слово
2. Основная часть
3. Заключение
4. Вопросы

Затем следует заняться визуальными средствами. Если вы используете компьютер, убедитесь, что вы знаете, как пользоваться нужными вам программами. Проверьте правильность оформления таблиц и графиков и правильность использования слов – вы можете сделать это с помощью словаря, электронного переводчика или обратившись к носителю языка.         

Теперь вы готовы к тому, чтобы записать тезисы доклада на карточках. НЕ приносите с собой на презентацию полный текст выступления. Доклад нужно представлять, а не читать. На каждой карточке напишите подзаголовок и несколько ключевых тезисов, а также фразы, которые вы планируете использовать для управления вниманием аудитории (о них мы расскажем в разделе "Язык презентации"). Затем по ходу презентации зачитывайте подзаголовок и объясняйте суть каждого тезиса.

Перед выступлением следует убедиться, насколько хорошо вы знакомы со значением используемых слов, а также подумать над употреблением специальных терминов. Не все термины понятны широкой публике, и, если вы готовите деловую презентацию, необходимо удостовериться, знакома ли аудитория с терминами, которые используются в вашей сфере бизнеса. Также следует обратить внимание на слова, специфичные для вашей культуры и страны, значение которых аудитория может не знать.

Наконец, попросите кого-нибудь послушать вашу презентацию, лучше всего – носителя языка. Если это невозможно, пусть это будет ваш друг или коллега. Важно одно – кто-нибудь должен вас прослушать, чтобы вы имели представление о том, что значит выступать перед публикой. После этого вы можете выступить перед самим собой.

 2. ЯЗЫК ПРЕЗЕНТАЦИИ 
 

В этом разделе вы найдете слова, которые помогут вам начать презентацию, управлять вниманием аудитории, отвечать на вопросы и подводить итоги выступления. Использование этих фраз структурирует ваш доклад, поможет уложиться в регламент и придаст вам чувство уверенности.

Начало презентации

Лучше всего начать с приветствия аудитории, затем представиться, объявить тему презентации и определить время для вопросов. 

1.Good morning/afternoon/evening ladies and gentlemen….. 
2. My name is… I am …. 
3.Today I would like to talk with you about…. My aim for today’s presentation is to give you information about… 
4. Please feel free to interrupt me if there are any questions. 
Or 
If you have any questions, please feel free to ask me at the end of the presentation. 

Структура презентации 

После вступительного слова полезно ознакомить аудиторию с регламентом презентации, это облегчит восприятие слушателей и снимет возможное напряжение от мысли, что им придется слушать вас целый день!

First I would like to talk about….

Then I would like to take a look at…

Following that we should talk about…

Lastly we are going to discuss…

I would like to talk to you today about _____ for___minutes. 
Or 
We should be finished here today by____o’clock 

Управление аудиторией

Очень важно во время выступления акцентировать внимание аудитории на очередном пункте доклада. Благодаря этому вы будете управлять вниманием слушателей и помогать им следовать логике повествования.

Now we will look at….

I’d like now to discuss…

Let’s now talk about…

Let’s now turn to…

Let’s move on to…

That will bring us to our next point…

Moving on to our next point…

Firstly…

Secondly…

Thirdly…

Lastly…

Перед тем, как вам начнут задавать вопросы, нужно кратко подвести итоги выступления и обозначить ключевые моменты, чтобы аудитории стало предельно ясно, что вы хотели сказать. Этим вы избавите себя от лишних вопросов и повторно донесете информацию до невнимательных слушателей.

 Подведение итогов

I would just like to sum up the main points again…

If I could just summarize our main points before your questions. So, in conclusion…

Finally let me just sum up today’s main topics…  

Во время вопросов аудитории очень важно понимать, о чем именно вас спрашивают. Ниже приведены фразы, которые вы можете использовать в случае, если смысл вопроса вам не ясен.

 Объяснения

I’m sorry could you expand on that a little? Could you clarify your question for me?

I’m sorry I don’t think I’ve understood your question, could you rephrase it for me?

I think what you are asking is….

If I’ve understood you correctly you are asking about…

So you are asking about…

3. ЯЗЫК ЖЕСТОВ

Когда мы беспокоимся, мы часто не осознаем, как при этом выглядим. Обычно по внешнему виду человека можно сказать, спокоен он или нервничает. Приведенные ниже советы помогут вам контролировать язык жестов своего тела.

 Расслабьтесь!!! НЕ стойте, как робот. Сядьте или останьтесь стоять, но старайтесь выглядеть естественно.

Не зажимайтесь!!! Расправьте плечи, держите руки свободно и жестикулируйте так, как  делаете это при обычном разговоре.

Двигайтесь!!! Если вы стоите, не бойтесь сдвинуться с места, чтобы сменить слайд или подойти к таблице. Но не суетитесь и не вышагивайте!

Смотрите!!! Очень важно, куда обращен ваш взгляд. НЕ приковывайте его к карточкам,  распределите свое внимание на аудитории. Но не фиксируйте взгляд на одном человеке, люди это замечают.

Улыбайтесь!!! Не бойтесь улыбаться во время выступления, это снимет напряжение слушателей и поможет расслабиться вам.

Дышите!!! Делайте глубокий вдох перед каждым новым пунктом доклада, это погасит волнение и поможет вам спокойно продолжить выступление.

Следование вышеперечисленным рекомендациям поможет сделать вашу презентацию профессиональной и успешной. Но всегда помните, что мастерство приходит с практикой.

Составление письма на английском языке

Составление любого делового письма на английском языке подчиняется общим правилам: 

1. Весь текст разделяется на абзацы без использования красной строки.
2. В верхнем левом углу письма указывается полное имя отправителя или название компании с адресом.
3. Далее указывается имя адресата и название компании, которой письмо предназначено, а также ее адрес (с новой строки).
4. Дата отправления указывается тремя строками ниже или в верхнем правом углу письма.
5. Основной текст должен быть помещен в центральной части письма.
6. Главная мысль письма может начинаться с причины обращения: "I am writing to you to ..."
7. Обычно письмо заканчивается высказыванием благодарности   ("Thank you for your prompt help...") и приветствием "Yours sincerely," если автор знает имя адресата и 'Yours faithfully', если нет.
8. Четырьмя строками ниже ставится полное имя автора и должность.
9. Подпись автора ставится между приветствием и именем.

Образец делового письма на английском:

Mr Nikolay Roshin 
ABC-company 
Office 2002, Entrance 1B 
Tverskaya Street 
Moscow 
RUSSIA                                       20 June 2004

Dear Nikolay,

I'm writing to you in regard of your enquiry. Please find enclosed our information pack which contains our brochures and general details on our schools and summer centres.

In England we have two schools, Brighton and Bath, both beautiful locations which I am sure you and your students will like. Our schools are located in attractive premises in convenient, central positions. Brighton is a clean and safe town with a beautiful bay and countryside nearby. Bath is one of the most famous historic cities in England, famous for its Georgian architecture and Roman Baths. 

Accommodation is provided in host families chosen for the ability to provide comfortable homes, a friendly welcome and a suitable environment, in which students can practice English and enjoy their stay. We have full-time Activities Organisers responsible for sports, cultural activities and weekly excursions.

Please complete and return the enclosed registration form in order to receive more brochures and other promotional materials.

I look forward to hearing from you and later hope to welcome your students to our schools and summer centres.

Yours sincerely, 

Tomas Green 
Managing Director

Существуют стандартные выражения, часто употребляемые в деловой переписке на английском языке, использование которых придаст вежливый и официальный тон вашему посланию.