Страноведение.

Клементьева Юлия Николаевна
Опубликовано 24.11.2014 - 20:45 - Клементьева Юлия Николаевна

 

 

 Virginian Beginners

 

In 1606 the British king, James I gave to a group of businessmen a charter called the Virginia company of London. They were supposed to found a colony in America and look for gold. The 197 people who arrived on May 20, 1607 founded the first successful English settlement in Americas.

They settled near the river, which they called the James river for their king and built huts. They called this group of huts Jamestown. Most settlers believed that they could quickly find gold and return to England. But no gold was to be found. By December most settlers died because of diseases, starvation and Native Americans attacks and only 53 were alive.

On of the remaining settlers, John Smith, took charge. He started with trading with Indians for corn and beans for starving people. On one of his expeditions he was taken prisoner and the Indians were going to kill him. The legend says that Pocahontas, the tribal chief’s daughter saved him.

The London company continued to send supplies and more people to Virginia. In 1613 a young settler John Rolfe arrived and began to grow tobacco. In 1613 Rolfe  shipped the first load of tobacco to England. It was of a high quality and cost a lot. Soon most of the settlers were busy growing tobacco. They even  used it as money. The price of a good horse, for example, was sixteen pounds (7,3 kilos) of top quality tobacco.

In  1620 a group of people called Pilgrims decided to leave England. They didn’t have the same religion as their king and because of that the were fined and put into prison. They left the English port of  Plymouth and headed for Virginia, but the ship was blown off course and  on December 21, 160 landed in Cape Cod at a  place they called Plymouth. Other English Puritans followed the Pilgrims to America.

     The pilgrims ship Mayflower


10 years  later a group of almost a thousand colonists settled nearby in what became the Boston area. Later they combined with Plymouth colony under the name of Massachusetts.

By the year 1733, the English owned 13 colonies. The colonies stretched from New Hampshire in the north to Georgia in the south.

 

 

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The Tower of London

The Tower of London was built by William the Conqueror more than 900 years ago. It was a fortress, a palace and a prison. Two queens were executed here and two princes murdered. Today Tower is Britain’s most famous museum.  The displays of Tower show you ancient armour and weapons.

Also you can see the Crown Jewels. The Jewel House at the Tower is the home of the most valuable collection of  jewels in the world.

The St Edwards’Crown is used only for coronations of the kings and queens. It weighs over 2 kilograms.
         In the Tower you can see large black ravens. The legend says that if ravens disappear from Tower England will fall. So there is a special man who looks after

                

Westminster Abbey

Westminster Abbey has been the coronation place of all 39 English monarchs since William the Conqueror. Many of the monarchs and famous people are buried here. Westminster is a Gothic building of stone and glass. There are 1000 monuments in the Abbey.

 

                           

        Monument to Shakespeare in Westminster Abbey.

Buckingham Palace

Buckingham Palace is the home of English Queen. When the Queen is in the palace, you can see the flag over the palace. There are 600 rooms in it, post office, police station, cinema and pool.

Trafalgar Square


  Trafalgar square is a famous place of meeting people. There is Admiral Nelson’s column in the center of the square. Admiral Nelson’s statue stands on the top of it.  

On the north side of Trafalgar Square are the National Gallery and the National Portrait Gallery. The National Gallery was built in 1824. It contains one of the finest                                                         

At Christmas time people gather round a huge Christmas tree which is sent to Britain from Norway every year.



Предварительный просмотр:

A. Fill in the gaps with the appropriate words:

The Russian Federation is the 1) ….. country in the world. It lies both in 2) ….. and
3) …... Its area is more than 4) ….. square kilometers. The country is washed by twelve seas of three oceans: the Pacific, the Arctic and the Atlantic. Russia has 5) ….. time zones and includes many types of 6)….. from arctic in the north to subtropical in the south. In the middle of the country the climate is temperate and continental with 7) ….. winters and 8) ….. summers.

The 9) ….. of Russia is diverse and amazing. We have steppes in the south, plains and forests in the midland, 10) ….. and 11) ….. in the north and deserts in the east.

There are several 12) ….. in Russia: the Urals, the Caucasus and the Altai. The highest peak in Russia is Mount 13) ….. in the Caucasus mountain range.

There are over 14) ….. rivers on the territory of the country. The 15) ….. river in Europe is the Volga.

Russia is rich in beautiful lakes. 16) ….. is the world’s deepest lake. Its water is very clear you can see the 17) ….. of the lake through 30 -40 metres of water.

Russia is a parliamentary 18) …... The Head of the State is the 19) …... The population of Russia is about 20)….. people.

B. Ask six questions based on the text ( three special and free general)

C. Match two columns:

  1. The Kremlin
  2. Tsar Bell
  3. Monument to Minin and Pozharsky
  4. The Spasskaya Tower
  5. St. Basil’s Cathedral
  6. The State History Museum
  7. The Bolshoy Theatre


  1. is decorated with four horses driven by Apollo.
  2. is sixty-four metres high.
  3. was built after the victory over Kazan.
  4. is surrounded by a red-brick wall.
  5. who are the heroes of the war against Poland.
  6. weighs about two hundred tons.
  7. has a rich collection of documents, paintings and maps of ancient times.

D. Look at the coat of arms of Russia and label the parts.

E. Say if the statements are True or False. Correct the wrong statements.

  1. Moscow was founded by prince Andrei Dolgoruki.
  2. Moscow is situated on the banks of the River Moskva.
  3. The monument to Minin and Pozharsky is the  first statue put up in Moscow.
  4. You can see dramas and comedies in the Bolshoy theatre.
  5. The Tretyakov Gallery contains paintings of outstanding European artists.
  6. The architects of St. Basil’s cathedral are Barma and Postnic.
  7. Moscow got its name after the river.
  8. There are three monuments on Red Square: to Minin and Pozharsky, to Suvorov and to marshal Zhukov.

            F. Answer the questions about Petersburg.

  1. When was Petersburg founded?
  2. Who was it founded by?
  3. How many times has it been renamed?
  4. When was the name Saint-Petersburg returned to the city?
  5. How long was the city under the siege during the Great Patriotic War?
  6. What is the oldest park in Petersburg?
  7. Whose monument can you see there?
  8. What was the first building in Petersburg?
  9. Who is the Hermitage designed by?
  10. Why is Petersburg called the Venice of the North?

           G. Make up sentences from the words:

  1. Peter the Great , was founded, St. Petersburg, in 1703, by.
  2. from 1712, was, St. Petersburg, Russia, till 1918, the capital of.
  3. was built, swampy land, of the River Neva, the city, on the, at the mouth.
  4. three, renamed, the city, has been, times.
  5. during, a great deal, the city, suffered the Great Patriotic War.
  6. now, and scientific, St. Petersburg, is an, cultural, centre, industrial.
  7. the oldest, is, the Summer Garden, most fascinating, and, park.
  8. Peter,  the city,  with the, and, began, Fortress, Paul.
  9. Nevsky, is, street, of the city, Prospect, the main.
  10. famous for, our, is, also, its beautiful, city, white nights.