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The aim: to analyze what modern contractions are ; to find the way they are used in the language; to prove the necessity of studying them. To reach the goal, I’m going to: to give a definition of contractions in general; to find out the main contractions in informal language; to find out the examples of usage of these phenomena in song lyrics.
Methods used: Analysis Comparison Opinion poll
What informal contractions are? a shortened form of a word or group of words, with the missing letters usually marked by an apostrophe; one apostrophe is used in a contraction no matter how many letters are removed.
Examples Example 1 Gonna - is a combination of going and to. "I'm gonna go to the movies tonight." “ Nothing's gonna change my love for you. I'm not gonna tell you. What are you gonna do?” Example 2 Wanna is the combination of the words want and to. "I wanna go to the movies. Do you wanna come along?" Do you want some tea? Do you wanna some tea? D'you wanna tea? D'ya wanna tea? Yawanna tea? Wanna tea?
Lazy words: are they really up to date? USA: Eminem ̶ Go to Sleep I ain’t gonna eat, I ain’t gonna sleep Ain’t gonna breathe, ‘till I see what you wanna see And what I wanna see Billie Eilish ̶ Ocean Eyes No fair, You really know how make me cry When you gimme those ocean eyes
Lazy words: are they really up to date? British: Dermot Kennedy ̶ Power Over Me I wanna be king of your story I wanna know who you are Ed Sheeran ̶ Happier Ain’t nobody hurt you like I hurt you But ain’t nobody love you like I do
Lazy words: are they really up to date? German: Scorpions ̶ Follow Your Heart To see a light in the dark You gotta follow your heart Scorpions ̶ Lonely Nights All those lonely nights I gotta fight for you, yes I do Yes I do
Survey Informal Contraction The meaning I ain’t gonna I’m not going 2. I wanna I want 3. Talk a lotta hem Talk a lot to them 4. You gotta You’ve got 5. What’s gotten What is going? 6. I feel kinda I feel kind of 7. You gimme You give me 8. Whatcha gonna do? What are you going to do? 9 . Saying c’mon c’mon Saying come on, come on 10. We gon ’ We are going 11. Lemme Let me 12. Dunno Don’t know
The questions: 1. Do you know them? 2. Do you know their meaning? 3. Do you use them? Would you like to use?
Schoolchildren (14-18)
students (18-15)
adult (26-55)
Live and learn
Thank you for your attention
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The UK banking system Until 1979, there was no special legislation in the UK; no one regulated banking. There was no official list of banks. In 1979, a banking law was passed. After that, banks should be “recognized” by the Bank of England. The Bank of England "recognizes" banks with an ideal reputation and with a wide range of services.
The Bank Of England The Bank of England is the central bank of the United Kingdom and the model on which most modern central banks are based. It has been privately owned from 1694 to 1946. The Bank became an independent public organization in 1998
Monetary Analysis and Statistic
Financial Stability
Other British banks Bank Headquarters Market value ( £bn ) HSBC Holdings Canary Wharf (London, England) 131 Lloyds Banking Group City of London (London, England) 40 Royal Bank of Scotland Group Edinburgh (Edinburgh, Scotland) 26.2 Barclays Canary Wharf (London, England) 25 Standard Chartered City of London (London, England) 22 .4
Offshore business Income tax rates (2018-2019): 20% on income from £ 11,851 to £ 46,350 40% on income from £ 46,351 to £ 150,000 45% on income above £ 15,000
It’s better to start from the term itself. Offshore means a country or a specific region with positive conditions for business. So to understand what offshore means, we should speak about the advantages of offshore companies: Simple registration of a new company Low taxes or no taxes Ability to have the anonymity of the actual owner of the enterprise Independence from the state where the activity is conducted.
Disadvantages of offshore What about the disadvantages of offshore. Well, among the disadvantages are : there is a risk of losing political support at home because of offshore business; many large companies refuse to work with offshore enterprises.
The world’s competition of fashion is huge. To make clothes at low prices, companies must keep costs down. They use offshore production to do this. Large companies make their products in developing countries where workers are paid much less than in developed counties .
Multinational companies are careful of their reputation for fairness, so they try hard to make sure local pay and conditions are legal. However, factory workers may actually only earn a few cents to make an item which would sell for hundreds of dollars. This low pay means low labour costs, and multinational company keeps most of the profit.
Multinational companies argue that they meet local employment laws and claim that they refuse to work with factories which don’t follow their rules. Critics, however, call these kinds of factories ‘sweetshops’. They argue that employers are made to do long hours of work, often in dangerous conditions and don’t get paid overtime.
Overseas manufacturing plants have been in the media because they sometimes employ children. Supporters argue that often school is too expensive for some children and that children who work in factories are protected from worse jobs on the streets or in the fields. However, critics of overseas production state that child labour is wrong. They claim that children should be full-time education rather than working in a factory.
I’ll speak about clothes production in offshore zones by using example of the film, which is called "The True Cost." It’s a documentary film directed by Andrew Morgan. So it is about fast fashion. The film discusses the lifes of low-paid workers in developing countries. Many brands put their production in "offshore zones" in such as India, Bangladesh, Cambodia, China and so on, because there is low takes and maximum profits. Factory owners are worried because if the clothes are not cheap enough, their factory may close. Morgan says that it’s the fact that the production of clothing gives a lot of money to the company, but the working conditions are awful in these countries. Also, workers have few rights, and they can be beaten. Some workers work in dangerous places, so it spoils their health.
Conclusion Offshore companies have long been part of the global economic system. If used correctly, they will become really useful for businessmen. If someone acts illegally, then he can have serious punishment. Of course, there are advantages of offshore, for example, you have comfortable conditions for business. But on the other hand, if you have an offshore company, then you may have a risk of losing political support. Perhaps in the future this term will not have a negative meaning.
Thanks for attention