[ b ]

Звук [b] произносится как ослабленный русский звук [б].

Перед гласными звуками [e], [i], [i:], [ɜ:] и согласным звуком [j], звук [b] не смягчается.

1.

A British builder built a building of brown bricks,

A Bulgarian builder built a building of black bricks,

A Brazilian builder built a building of blue bricks.

But which building will be a bit bad?

2.

A brave biker booked a B&B in Brussels

With a big bath behind a blue basin in the bathroom,

With a brown wardrobe between the bath and the bed,

And a brick basement below the bedroom and the bathroom.

3.

Brothers Bean bought for their baby brother Bob’s birthday

A big box of black bees, a blue box of brown beetles,

And a big blue box of beautiful butterflies.

But which blue box is a bit bigger?

4.

When a big boss became a bit bored with Berlin branch of a bank

He booked a break on beautiful beaches in Biscay Bay.

But why did the big boss become a bit bored

And book the break in Biscay Bay?

5.

Bab bakes brown biscuits for her boyfriend Bob’s birthdays,

Bob buys and brings Bab big beautiful bunches.

But if Bab didn’t bake Bob brown biscuits,

Would Bob bring Bab big beautiful bunches?

[ n ]

В отличии от русского звука [н], который произносится при помощи языка, упирающегося в передние верхние зубы, английский звук [n] произносится с участием кончика языка, который касается тканей за передними верхними зубами, но не самих зубов. Английский [n] звучит менее энергично, чем русский звук [н]. Перед гласными звуками [e], [i], [i:], [ɜ:] и согласным звуком [j], звук [n] не смягчается.

1.

Ned nicknamed his nag Netty,

Net nicknamed her nag Neddy.

Is Ned’s nag nicknamed Netty?

Is Net’s nag nicknamed Neddy?

2.

Neither a neat knitter needs to knit

By next November nine new knittings,

No a neat needlewoman needs to needle

By next November nine new neckties.

3.

Ninety nice nestlings nestle in nine nests,

Nine nice nestlings nestle in ninety nests.

If ninety nice nestlings didn’t nestle in nine nests,

Would nine nice nestlings nestle in ninety nests?

4.

Nat’s nephew is naughtier than Nik’s niece,

Nik’s nephew is naughtier than Nat’s niece,

If Nat’s nephew wasn’t naughtier than Nik’s niece,

Would Nik’s nephew be naughtier than Nik’s niece?

5.

Nanny Nancy never naps at nights at her nineteen,

Nanny Nelly nid-nods at nights at her ninety.

If Nanny Nancy napped at nights at her nineteen,

Would Nanny Nelly nid-nod at nights at her ninety?

[ æ ]

Краткий гласный звук [æ] произносится с ощутимым напряжением. Качественно противопоставляется звуку [e]. Во избежание ошибочного произношения русского звука [э] вместо английского звука [æ], язык следует располагать низко во рту, как при произнесении русского звука [а]. Нижняя челюсть должна быть заметно опущена. При этом основная масса языка должна оставаться в передней части рта, а его кончик должен быть прижат к нижним зубам.

1.

Ann has a hat in her handbag,

Dan has a cap in his backpack.

If Ann didn’t have the hat in her handbag,

Would Dan have the cap in his backpack?

2.

Nat can translate from Italian to Spanish,

 Pat can translate from Spanish to Italian.

Can Pat translate from Italian to Spanish?

 Can Nat translate from Spanish to Italian?

3.

Mat has accidents travelling by tram,

Sam has accidents travelling by taxi.

If Mat didn’t have accidents travelling by tram,

Would Sam have accidents travelling by taxi?

4.

Mag has a salad with ham and carrot,

Sal has a salad with lamb and cabbage.

If Mag didn’t have the salad with ham and carrot,

Would Sal have the salad with lamb and cabbage?

5.

Alice Adam chats with attractive actors,

Andy Alan chats with attractive actresses.

If Alice Adam didn’t chat with attractive actors,

Would Andy Alan chat with attractive actresses?

[ ʧ ]

Звук [ʧ] произносится как русский звук [ч], но энергично и твёрдо, без какого бы то ни было смягчения. Для правильной артикуляции английского звука [ʧ], второй элемент [∫] следует произносить так же твёрдо, как русский звук [ш].

1.

A cheetah chases chancy in a chilly chine

Сhinchillas, chipmucks and chaffinches.

Which chase of the cheetah in the chilly chine is chancier:

Сhinchillas, chipmucks or chaffinches?

2.

A chinaman chaffers on the Change to cheapen china,

A chandler chaffers on the Change to cheapen chandlery.

If the chinaman didn’t chaffer on the Change to cheapen china,

Would the chandler chaffer to cheapen chandlery?

3.

A Chilean chess-player checks to a Chinese chess-player,

The Chinese chess-player checkmates to the Chilean.

If the Chilean chess-player didn’t check to the Chinese,

Would the Chinese chess-player checkmate to the Chilean?

4.

A charwoman chars a chamber with Chippendale furniture:

A chimney, chairs, china, pictures and armchairs.

If the chimney, chairs and china wasn’t in Chippendale,

Would the charwoman char the chamber with furniture?

5.

Chanters in a church chant cheerier than chanters in a chapel,

Chanters in the chapel chant chillier than in the church.

If the chanters in the church didn’t chant cheerier,

Would the chanters in the chapel chant chillier?

[ ŋ ]

Аналогов звуку [ŋ] в русском языке нет. Упрощённо, английский звук [ŋ] представляет собой звук [g], если произнести его через нос при полностью опущенном мягком нёбе. Так же как и для звука [g], при произношении звука [ŋ] задняя часть языка смыкается с мягким нёбом, но последнее при артикуляции звука [ŋ] полностью опущено, и воздух проходит не через рот, а через нос. Кончик языка при произнесении звука [ŋ] обязательно должен находиться у нижних зубов, а передняя и средняя части языка не касаться нёба. Следует избегать призвука [g] после звука [ŋ] и не подменять звук [ŋ] звуком [n].

1.

A single singer is walking along the bank

Singing a languishing song

And bringing pink pinks for his darling.

Is anything wrong with the single singer’s song?

2.

A young banker is thinking of giving

A thanking banquet at Thanksgiving.

Is the young banker thinking of something

For drinking at the Thanksgiving banquet?

3.

Uncle Frank being an angry hunks

Is dingdong looking among his belongings

For a dinky bank of hanky-panky including

Rings, bangles, hangers, anklets and earrings.

4.

An English banker is sinking clankingly

A long anchor at the brink of Hong Kong

Among concourse of alongshore plankton

Including conchs, winkles, anglers and congers.

5.

The English king is going to conquer Hungary,

The Hungarian king is going to conquer England.

If the English king wasn’t going to conquer Hungary,

Would the Hungarian king be going to conquer England?

[ a: ]

Долгий гласный звук [a:] произносится напряжённо. Своей протяжностью, характерной придавленностью корня языка во рту и низким тембром, английский [a:] напоминает звук, издаваемый при показе горла врачу. Для того, чтобы правильно произносить английский звук [a:], не делая его похожим на русский звук [a], следует как можно дальше отводить корень языка назад и вниз.

1.

Mark parks his car in a car park,

Bart parks his car in a dark park.

If Mark didn’t park his car in the car park,

Would Bart park his car in the dark park?

2.

Aunty Blanche asks after Aunty Margie,

Aunty Margie asks after Aunty Blanche.

If Aunty Blanche didn’t ask after Aunty Margie,

Would Aunty Margie ask after Aunty Blanche?

3.

Mark’s car’s faster than Bart’s car,

Bart’s car’s smarter than Mark’s car.

If Mark’s car wasn’t faster than Bart’s car,

Would Bart’s car be smarter than Mark’s car?

4.

In March Charles starts to plant tomatoes

In a large garden at half past one in the afternoon.

Charles can’t start to plant tomatoes

In a large garden at half past two in the afternoon.

5.

Mark’s father starts parties at half past five,

Bart’s father starts parties at half past six.

If Mark’s father didn’t start parties at half past five,

Would Bart’s father start parties at half past six?

[ d ]

Звук [d] произносится как ослабленный русский звук [д]. Перед гласными звуками [e], [i], [i:], [ɜ:] и согласным звуком [j], звук [d] не смягчается. Следует избегать призвука [ə] перед сочетаниями звука [d] со звуками [n] и [l], для чего образующейся между звуками [d] и [n] мгновенной паузе надлежит придавать носовую артикуляцию, а мгновенной паузе между звуками [d] и [l] соответственно боковую артикуляцию (по месту образования - между опущенными в одну сторону боковым краем языка и щекой).

1.

Dolly Dale dances with Davy Dail,

Davy Dail dates to Dolly Dale.

If Dolly Dale didn’t dance with Davy Dail,

Would Davy Dail date to Dolly Dale?

2.

Daisy’s Dad doesn’t have a driver,

So he drives his daughter daily to downtown.

If Daisy’s Dad had a driver,

Would he drive Daisy daily to downtown?

3.

Doris Draft designed a dark dress in December,

Today Doris Draft is designing a red dress.

Does Doris Draft understand

How it’s difficult to design different dresses?

4.

Dick got ten double DVDs and two digital devices

For a dozen dollars at a department store.

Is it a good idea to get DVDs and digital devices

At a department store?

5.

Deborah Deem described her dream to Doctor Dean,

Doctor Dean drew Deborah Deem’s dream in diagrams.

If Doctor Dean described his dream to Deborah Deem,

Could Deborah Deem draw Doctor Dean’s dream in diagrams? 

[ p ]

Звук [p] произносится как русский звук [п], но энергичнее и с придыханием перед гласными звуками. Перед гласными звуками [e], [i], [i:], [ɜ:] и согласным звуком [j], звук [p] не смягчается.

1.

Paolo Piccolli prepared for his presentation’s party

A pair of plates of pizzas with potatoes and pepper

And a pair of plates of pasta with prawns.

Which pair of plates pleased people at Paоlo’s party?

2.

The police picked up a pink packet with an MP3 player

And personal details in a peaceful place of a Prague’s park.

It was a Polly’s present from her parents.

The police put the packet to a post office.

3.

Pablo Picasso put off his palette, paintbox and paintbrushes

And painted with pen a picture of a peaceful place in Paris

With a pink palace and a paled park plenty of pretty plants.

What’s the possible picture’s price?

4.

A poor Polish pianist played popular plays from the past

For Portuguese prince and princess in a Paris’ palace.

The prince and princess paid the pianist plenty of pounds.

The poor Polish pianist put his purse in a pocket.

5.

The Polish president plays pool with the Portuguese president

In a peaceful place of the president’s palace in Prague.

The Polish president plays pool poorly,

But which pool player is the poorer partner?

[ e ]

Краткий гласный звук [е] произносится без напряжения. Английский звук [е] отчасти напоминает русский звук [э] в словах свет и эти, если его произносить очень кратко. Следует, однако, помнить о том, что согласные звуки перед английским звуком [е] не смягчаются. При произнесении английского звука [е], средняя часть языка поднята к нёбу выше, чем при произнесении русского звука [э], а расстояние между челюстями уже.

1.

Ten men mend seven hedges,

Seven men mend ten hedges.

If ten men didn’t mend seven hedges,

Would seven men mend ten hedges?

2.

Jen spent ten pence on a dress,

Jem spent seven pence on a sweater.

Can Jen spend seven pence on a dress?

Can Jem spend ten pence on a sweater?

3.

Fresh bread smells better than fresh eggs,

Fresh eggs smell better than fresh lemons.

If fresh bread didn’t smell better than fresh eggs,

Would fresh eggs smell better than fresh lemons?

4.

Pen never sends letters in red envelopes,

Peg never sends letters in yellow envelopes.

If Pen sent letters in red envelopes,

Would Peg send letters in yellow envelopes?

5.

Em and Ed’s friends presented them a desk,

Em and Ed’s relatives presented them a bed.

Which wedding present is more expensive:

The friends’ desk or the relatives’ bed?

[ f ]

Звук [f] произносится как русский звук [ф], но энергичнее и без участия верхней губы.

Перед гласными звуками [e], [i], [i:], [ɜ:] и согласным звуком [j], звук [f] не смягчается.

1.

The first fly flies forty-four feet,

The fourth fly flies forty-five feet,

The fifth fly flies fifty-four feet.

What fly flies fifty-five feet?

2.

The first flat is on the fifty-first floor,

The fourth flat is on the fifty-fourth floor,

The fifth flat is on the fifty-fifth floor.

Which flat is furnished finer, in fact?

3.

A fat Finnish fisher fried for a funny feast on Friday

Forty-four fries, forty-five flukes,

Fifty-four flitches and fifty-five flatfishes

Found freshly in a far fiord.

4.

Federico Fellini finished in February of the fifty-fifth

A film-farce far-famed in the fifties,

Featuring a famous French filmstar of the fifties,

Fixing fairly for her a fantastic fee!

5.

Frank’s father followed a fox’s footprints in a forest,

Fred’s father followed a ferret’s footprints in a field,

Phil’s father followed a frog’s footprints in a fen,

Whose footprints finished by the fence?

[ r ]

Звук [r] - очень слабый согласный, лишь условно сравниваемый с русским звуком [р]. Произносится звук [r] с положением органов речи, как для русского звука [ж], но щель, образуемая между поднятым кончиком языка и передней частью твёрдого нёба, несколько шире, чем для звука [ж]. Кончик языка загнут назад и не должен вибрировать. Вибрируют при произнесении английского звука [r] только голосовые связки. Средняя и задняя части языка остаются плоскими. Во избежании замены английского звука [r] русским звуком [р], следует помнить о том, что при образовании английского звука [r], язык не ударяется ни о зубы, ни о верхние ткани полости рта, оставаясь неподвижным.

1.

Ray raises rams on Roy’s ranch,

Roy raises rams on Ray’s ranch.

If Ray didn’t raise rams on Roy’s ranch,

Would Roy raise rams on Ray’s ranch?

2.

Rose Reed replants red roses,

And the red roses ramp around a rail.

If Rose Reed didn’t replant the red roses recently,

Would the red roses ramp around the rail?

3.

A rector refreshes in a refectory,

A referee refreshes in a restaurant.

If the rector didn’t refresh in a refectory,

Would the referee refresh in a restaurant?

4.

A rangy ragman in a red ragged raglan

Ranges around a rag fair with a red rag bag.

If the rangy ragman wasn’t in the red ragged raglan,

Would he range around the rag fair with the red rag bag?

5.

Rita replaces radish in a refection’s receipt,

Ruth replaces rice in a relish’s receipt.

If Rita didn’t replace radish in the refection’s receipt,

Would Ruth replace rice in the relish’s receipt?

[ I ]

Краткий гласный звук [I] произносится без напряжения. Качественно (по месту и способу артикуляции) и количественно (по долготе) противопоставляется долгому звуку [i:]. Английский звук [I] слегка напоминает безударный русский звук [и] в слове игра и ударный русский звук [и] после шипящих. Для правильной артикуляции звука [I], язык следует располагать во рту ниже, чем при произношении русского звука [и]. Согласные звуки перед звуком [I] не смягчаются, на что нужно обращать особое внимание. В то же время, английский звук [I] не должен походить на русский звук [ы].

1.

Kit babysits with Nik’s sister,

Nik babysits with Kit’s sister.

If Kit didn’t babysit with Nik’s sister,

Would Nik babysit with Kit’s sister?

2.

Mister Twister daily visits a busy city

With many office buildings.

 Is it easy to live in a busy city

With many office buildings?

3.

A pink sink is behind a big fridge,

The big fridge is in front of the pink sink.

If the pink sink wasn’t behind the big fridge,

Would the big fridge be in front of the pink sink?

4.

A single singer drinks milk in the morning,

A single artist drinks coffee for his dinner.

If the single singer didn’t drink milk in the morning,

Would the single artist drink coffee for his dinner?

5.

Village builders build bridges over rivers,

City builders build cinemas on hills.

If village builders didn’t build bridges over rivers,

Would city builders build cinemas on hills? 

[ g ]

Звук [g] произносится как ослабленный русский звук [г].

Перед гласными звуками [e], [i], [i:], [ɜ:] и согласным звуком [j], звук [g] не смягчается.

1.

Grace Gordon got a grey garlic and green gherkins

From a greengrocer to garnish a greasy grilled goose.

Are the grey garlic and the green gherkins

A good garnish for a greasy grilled goose?

2.

A grey gardener is going to go through a green gate

On green grass of a gorgeous garden, by a grey garage,

By garden-beds with gales to a glasshouse

To get some greenery for a glamour garden-party.

3.

Grey goats graze on green grass growing in a gorge,

Grey geese graze on green grass growing in a garden.

Which grass is greener: growing in the gorge

Or growing in the garden where the grey geese graze?

4.

Gregory Gael gathered his great-grandchildren

To give them a golf game on green grass of his garden.

Guess if Gregory Gael’s great-grandchildren got gay

From the golf game on green grass of his garden!

5.

A gay guide greets gladly in Greek groups of Greek guests

In Getty gallery gathering Goya, Gaugain and Van Gogh.

If Getty gallery didn’t gather Goya, Gaugain and Van Gogh

Would the gay guide greet gladly in Greek groups of guests?

[ s ]

Звук [s] напоминает русский звук [с], но произносится энергичнее. Язык, по сравнению с русским звуком [с], при произнесении английского звука [s] поднят кверху, и струя воздуха проходит между кончиком языка и тканями позади передних верхних зубов, а не между языком и самими зубами. Перед гласными звуками [e], [i], [i:], [ɜ:] и согласным звуком [j], звук [s] не смягчается.

1.

A single singer sings a sad song

About sixty-six sisters sitting by the sea at sunset.

If sixty-six sisters weren’t sitting by the sea,

Would the single singer sing the sad song about them?

2.

Cecil’s sisters send to Cecil’s sons in Seattle

Suitcases with sixty-six sweaters of “S” size.

If Cecil’s sons weren’t in Seattle,

Would Cecil’s sisters send them sixty-six sweaters?

3.

Some small restaurants in the centre of the city

Serve six sorts of seafood soups on Sundays.

Some small restaurants in the south of the city

Serve seven sorts of seafood soups on Saturdays.

4.

Sally’s sister spent sixty-six pence on sauces,

Sarah’s sister spent sixty-seven pence on sauces,

Susan’s sister spent seventy-six pence on sauces.

Whose sister spent seventy-seven pence on sauces?

5.

Sixty-six sisters sewed sixty-six silk skirts,

Sixty-seven sisters sewed sixty-seven silk skirts,

Seventy-six sisters sewed seventy-six silk skirts.

Did seventy-seven sisters sew seventy-seven silk skirts?

[ I: ]

Долгий гласный звук [i:] произносится напряжённо. Качественно и количественно противопоставляется краткому звуку [i]. Английский звук [i:] несколько напоминает русский звук [и] в слове ива, если произнести его напряжённо и протяжно. Согласные звуки перед звуком [i:] не смягчаются. Помимо долготы, английский звук [i:] отличается неоднородностью звучания на всём протяжении. При произнесении звука [i:] язык движется в полости рта вперёд в вверх.

1.

CD is cheaper than DVD,

DVD is cheaper than MP3,

MP3 is cheaper than TV,

Is CD cheaper than TV?

2.

Fifteen teens eat fifteen sweets,

Sixteen teens eat sixteen sweets.

If fifteen teens didn’t eat fifteen sweets,

Would sixteen teens eat sixteen sweets?

3.

Greek teachers teach speaking Greek,

Sweden teachers teach speaking Sweden.

If Greek teachers didn’t teach speaking Greek,

Would Sweden teachers teach speaking Sweden?

4.

Pete weekly leaves green field

To see the deep sea from a clean beach.

Does Pete feel sleepy on the clean beach

Seeing the deep sea each week?

5.

Eastern people eat meals in the evening

With meat, cheese, cream, sweets and tea.

Is it easy for Eastern people to eat in the evening

Meat, cheese, cream, sweets and tea?

[ ʤ ]

Звук [ʤ] произносится так же, как [ʧ], но с голосом, менее энергично и всегда со вторым мягким элементом [ʒ].

1.

Jean jellies ginger jam in June,

Jess jellies ginger jam in July.

If Jean didn’t jelly ginger jam in June,

Could Jess jelly ginger jam in July?

2.

Judy Jones jigs with Jim James,

Jozy James jives with Job Jones.

If Judy Jones didn’t jig with Jim James,

Could Jozy James jive with Job Jones?

3.

A German jockey gentles a Gipsy gee-gee,

A Gipsy jockey gentles a German gee-gee.

If the German jockey didn’t gentle the Gipsy gee-gee,

Could the Gipsy jockey gentle the German gee-gee?

4.

John changed a jug of juice to a jar of gin,

Jane changed a jar of gin to a jug of juice.

If John didn’t change the jug of juice to the jar of gin,

Could Jane change the jar of gin to the jug of juice?

5.

Jack’s job is to jewel jewel-boxes with jasper,

Jeff’s job is to jewel jewel-cases with jet,

If Jack’s job wasn’t to jewel jewel-boxes with jasper,

Could Jeff’s job be to jewel jewel-cases with jet?

[ ∫ ]

Звук [∫] произносится как смягчённый русский звук [ш], но не настолько мягкий, как звук [щ]. Положение кончика языка, как при произнесении английского звука [s], но щель, в которую пропускается воздух, более широкая, а органы речи напряжены меньше.

1.

Sharon washed dishes in a dishwasher,

Next she washed shades in a washing machine.

Should she wash the dishes in the dishwasher

Before washing the shades in the washing machine?

2.

A shifty shopkeeper shut the shop’s shutters

To show on a shelf shabby shammy shoes.

Should the shifty shopkeeper shut the shop’s shutters

To show on the shelf the shabby shammy shoes?

3.

A shingly shore shelves to a shelly shelf,

A shelly shore shelves to a shingly shelf.

If the shingly shore didn’t shelve to the shelly shelf,

Would the shelly shore shelve to the shingly shelf?

4.

A sharp sheik and a shifty shah shared the shot

For a shindig in Sheraton with shrimps, sherbet and sherry.

Should a shilly-shally chef of Sheraton

Shirk the shindig with shrimps, sherbet and sherry?

5.

A shoeless shoeshine showed to a shoemaker

A shabby shoebox with shoehorns, shoelaces and shoepolish.

Should the shoeless shoeshine show to the shoemaker

The shabby shoebox with shoehorns, shoelaces and shoepolish?

  [ ɜ: ]

Долгий гласный звук [ɜ:] произносится напряжённо. Губы при произнесении звука [ɜ:] растянуты, зубы слегка обнажены. Согласные звуки перед звуком [ɜ:] не смягчаются. Английский звук [ɜ:] не должен напоминать русские звуки [о] и [э]. Именно звук [ɜ:], как правило, произносится носителями английского языка при обдумывании ответа или подборе нужного слова.

1.

German learners learn German words,

Turkish learners learn Turkish words.

If German learners didn’t learn German words,

Would Turkish learners learn Turkish words?

2.

The first skirt is dirtier than the third shirt,

The first shirt is dirtier than the third skirt.

If the first skirt wasn’t dirtier than the third shirt,

Would the first shirt be dirtier than the third skirt?

3.

Bert’s servant served for his thirty-first birthday

Thirty burgers and thirteen desserts.

Is it early for Bert’s servant to serve for his thirty-third birthday

Thirteen burgers and thirty desserts?

4.

German nurses earn more than Turkish nurses,

 Turkish nurses earn less than German nurses.

Do German nurses deserve more than Turkish nurses?

 Do Turkish nurses deserve less than German nurses?

5.

The first expert prefers desserts to burgers,

The third expert prefers burgers to desserts.

If the first expert didn’t prefer desserts to burgers,

Would the third expert prefer burgers to desserts?

[ h ]

Аналогов звуку [h] в русском языке нет. Согласный звук [h] представляет собой простой выдох без участия языка и округления губ -как при дуновении на стекло с целью почистить его. Звук [h] не является шумным и ни в коем случае не должен напоминать русский звук [х].

1.

Hugo Hall’s hobbyhorse is handball,

Harry Hill’s hobbyhorse is hockey.

If Hugo Hall’s hobbyhorse wasn’t handball,

How could Harry Hill’s hobbyhorse be hockey?

2.

A housewife who holds her house by herself,

Has a home help who helps her.

If the housewife didn’t hold her house by herself,

How could she have a home help who helps her?

3.

A hard-headed hunter hunts with a hawk,

A hard-hearted hunter hunts with a hound.

If the hard-headed hunter didn’t hunt with a hawk,

How could the hard-hearted hunter hunts with a hound?

4.

A heedful herd herds his herd on a hill,

A heedless herd herds his herd on a heath.

If the heedful herd didn’t herd his herd on the hill,

How could the heedless herd her herd on the heath?

5.

A hirsute hippie hitchhikes on highways,

A homeless hippie hoboеs on Hollywood hills.

If the hirsute hippie didn’t hitchhike on highways,

How could the homeless hippie hobo on Hollywood hills?

[ t ]

Звук [t] напоминает русский звук [т], но произносится энергичнее и с придыханием перед гласными звуками. По сравнению с русским звуком [т], при произнесении английского звука [t], кончик языка приподнят к тканям, расположенным позади передних зубов. Перед гласными звуками [e], [i], [i:], [ɜ:] и согласным звуком [j], звук [t] не смягчается. Следует избегать призвука [ə] перед сочетаниями со звуками [n] и [l], для чего образующийся между звуками [t] и [n] мгновенной паузе надлежит придавать носовую артикуляцию, а мгновенной паузе между звуками [t] и [l] соответственно боковую артикуляцию (по месту образования - между опущенными в одну сторону боковым краем языка и щекой).

1.

Terry teaches Technology from two to ten,

Tilly teaches Tennis from ten to twelve.

Which teaching takes more time:

Terry’s Technology or Tilly’s Tennis?

2.

Tim told Tom a true story about twenty-two tall trees

That Tim planted at a mountain top.

Is Tim’s story about twenty-two tall trees

At the mountain top totally true?

3.

Thomas takes a table in a Turkish restaurant

To taste twenty-two hot tomatoes.

If Thomas didn’t take a table in the Turkish restaurant,

Could he taste twenty-two hot tomatoes?

4.

Mister Twister put in a white suitcase

Two pairs of tweed trousers, eight white T-shirts,

Ten Turkish towels, twelve tweed coats, twenty white ties,

Twenty-two tick hats and twenty-eight white tops, too.

5.

It takes Ted twenty minutes to travel to town by tram,

It takes Toby twelve minutes to travel to town by train,

It takes Tony ten minutes to travel to town by taxi.

What a terrible transport system!

[ ɒ ]

Краткий гласный звук [ɒ] произносится без напряжения. Английский звук [ɒ] отчасти похож на русский звук [о] в слове конь, если его произносить не округляя и не выпячивая губы. При произнесении звука [ɒ], необходимо максимально отодвинуть назад язык, как при произнесении звука [a:], и, широко раскрывая рот, попытаться добиться минимального округления губ.

1.

Rock concerts shock pop icons,

Pop concerts shock rock icons.

If rock concerts didn’t shock pop icons,

Would pop concerts shock rock icons?

2.

Rob often drops his wallet in shops,

Tom often drops his wallet at stops.

If Rob didn’t often drop his wallet in shops,

Would Tom often drop his wallet at stops?

3.

Dolly wants to watch novels on TV,

 Polly wants to watch horrors on TV.

If Dolly didn’t want to watch novels on TV,

 Would Polly want to watch horrors on TV?

4.

John locks his modern office at five o’clock,

Rolf locks his modern office at six o’clock.

If John didn’t lock his modern office at five o’clock,

Would Rolf lock his modern office at six o’clock?

5.

A box of olives costs more than a bottle of squash,

A bottle of squash costs less than a box of olives.

If a box of olives didn’t cost more than a bottle of squash,

Would a bottle of squash cost less than a box of olives? 

[ j ]

Звук [j] произносится как заметно ослабленный русский звук [й].

1.

US students are younger than UK junkers,

UK junkers are cuter than US students.

If US students weren’t younger than UK junkers,

Could UK junkers be cuter than US students?

2.

New Year’s menu usually uses

Cukes, onion, yoghurt, Yorkshire and cucumbers.

How can New Year’s menu usually use

Cukes, onion, yoghurt, Yorkshire and cucumbers?

3.

Yankee yachtsmen’s yachts yaw for one yard,

Yakut yachtsmen’s yachts yaw for two yards.

If Yankee yachtsmen’s yachts didn’t yaw for one yard,

Could Yakut yachtsmen’s yachts yaw for two yards?

4.

Uniformed yardmen yap with uniformed yardmasters,

Uniformed yardmasters yap with uniformed yardmen.

If uniformed yardmen didn’t yap with uniformed yardmasters,

Could uniformed yardmasters yap with uniformed yardmen?

5.

Yesterday a new newsagent introduced a newspaper

That continues to interview young popular musicians.

Why the new newsagent introduced the newspaper

That continues to interview young popular musicians?

[ θ ]

Аналогов звуку [θ] в русском языке нет. При произнесении сильного английского согласного звука [θ], язык лежит плоско во рту, и его кончик находится между передними верхними и нижними зубами. В образуемую таким способом щель между краем верхних зубов и кончиком языка, выдыхается воздух. Во избежании образования звука [f], зубы должны быть обнажены так, чтобы нижняя губа не касалась верхних зубов. Во избежание образования звука [s], кончик языка должен находиться между зубами, а сам язык оставаться плоским, особенно его передняя часть.

1.

Three thievish thieves thieve thirty things,

Thirty thievish thieves thieve three things.

If three thieves didn’t thieve thirty things,

Would thirty thieves thieve three things?

2.

Three therapists threw three thermometers

In three thick thickets of thorny thistle.

Why did three therapists throw three thermometers

In three thick thickets of thorny thistle?

3.

Thirty-three thousand and thirteen thinkers thought

Thirty-three thousand and thirteen thoughts.

Did thirteen thousand and thirty-three thinkers think

Thirteen thousand and thirty-three thoughts?

4.

Three theatres thrill thirty thousand of theatergoers

By thirty thousand thrilling thrillers on Thursdays.

Did thirty theatres thrill three thousand of theatergoers

By three thousand thrilling thrillers on Thursdays?

5.

The theme of thesis of theatrical theorists is theatre,

The theme of thesis of theological theorists is the theology,

If the theme of thesis of theatrical theorists was the theology,

Would the theme of thesis of theological theorists be theatre?

[ ɔ: ]

Долгий гласный звук [ɔ:] произносится напряжённо, при оттянутом назад языке и сильно округлённых губах. Следует избегать характерного для артикуляции русского звука [о] выпячивания губ, которое приводит к образованию несвойственного английскому звуку [ɔ:] призвука [у].

1.

All Paul’s daughters were born in Cork,

All Walt’s daughters were born in York.

Why were all Paul’s daughters born in Cork?

Why were all Walt’s daughters were born in York?

2.

Four explorers explore forty waterfalls,

 Forty explorers explore four waterfalls.

If four explorers didn’t explore forty waterfalls,

 Would forty explorers explore four waterfalls?

3.

Football’s a more important sport than baseball,

Baseball’s a less important sport than football.

If football wasn’t a more important sport than baseball,

Would baseball be a less important sport than football?

4.

A poor lord always goes for a walk

With a small Walkman at quarter to four in the morning.

Is the poor lord already bored with his walks

With a small Walkman at quarter to four in the morning?

5.

Dora’s daughter is taller than Nora’s daughter,

Nora’s daughter is shorter than Dora’s daughter.

If Dora’s daughter wasn’t taller than Nora’s daughter,

Would Nora’s daughter be shorter than Dora’s daughter?

[ ʒ ]

Звук [ʒ] произносится как смягчённый русский звук [ж], но не настолько мягкий, как в слове вожжи. Звук [ʒ] отличается от звука [∫] только использованием голоса при его произнесении.

1.

Beige lingerie is more usual than azure bijou,

Azure bijou is less usual than beige lingerie.

If beige lingerie wasn’t more usual than azure bijou,

Would azure bijou be less usual than beige lingerie?

2.

Leisured gigolos are as usual as casual concierges,

Casual gigolos are as unusual as leisured concierges.

If leisured gigolos were as unusual as casual concierges,

Would casual gigolos be as usual as leisured concierges?

3.

Caucasian userers usually measure their treasure,

Asian userers occasionally measure their treasure.

If Caucasian userers didn’t usually measure their treasure,

Could Asian userers occasionally measure their treasure?

4.

Visual revision of a fuselage for corrosion usually

Occasions garage, camouflage and demontage of the fuselage.

Could visual revision of a fuselage for corrosion casually

Occasion garage, camouflage and demontage of the fuselage?

5.

Liege bourgeois corteges are more luxurious than Bruges’,

Bruges bourgeois corteges are more prestigious than Liege’s.

If Liege bourgeois corteges weren’t more luxurious,

Would Bruges bourgeois corteges be more prestigious?

[ ð ]

Аналогов звуку [ð] в русском языке нет. Звук [ð] произносится так же, как звук [θ], но с голосом и менее энергично. Во избежании образования звука [v], зубы должны быть обнажены так, чтобы нижняя губа не касалась верхних зубов. Во избежании образования звука [z], кончик языка должен находиться между зубами, а сам язык оставаться плоским, особенно его передняя часть.

1.

These brothers bathe with those brothers,

Those brothers bathe with these brothers.

If these brothers didn’t bathe with those brothers,

Would those brothers bathe with these brothers?

2.

This leather’s smoother than that leather,

That leather’s smoother than this leather.

If this leather wasn’t smoother than that leather,

Would that leather be smoother than this leather?

3.

This brother’s together with that brother,

That brother’s together with this brother.

If this brother wasn’t together with that brother,

Would that brother be together with this brother?

4.

These clothes are rather for the southern weather,

Those clothes are rather for the northern weather.

If these clothes weren’t rather for the southern weather,

Would those clothes be rather for the northern weather?

5.

These brothers gather with their mother,

Those brothers gather with their father.

If these brothers didn’t gather with their mother,

Would those brothers gather with their father?

  [ ʊ ]

Краткий гласный звук [ʊ] произносится без напряжения. Качественно и количественно противопоставляется долгому [u:]. Основное его отличие от русского [у] заключается в том, что при произнесении [ʊ], губы почти не округляются и не выпячиваются.

1.

A cook’s bookshelf is full of cookbooks,

A bookman’s bookcase is full of good books.

If the cook’s bookshelf wasn’t full of cookbooks,

Would the bookman’s bookcase be full of good books?

2.

A good-looking woman cooks cookies

With sugar and gooseberry from a good cookbook.

If the cookbook wasn’t good,

Could the good-looking woman cook good cookies?

3.

Good fullers are good at fulling wool,

Good cooks are good at cooking cookies,

Good bookmen are good at footnoting books.

Could good booksellers be good at booking books?

4.

In July good-looking footballers full time footle

To good-looking booking-clerks at a booking-office.

Could the good-looking footballers full time footle

To the good-looking booking-clerks in a buffet?

5.

Cooks look for cookbooks on bookstalls,

Bookmen look for good books in bookshops.

Could cooks look for cookbooks in bookshops?

Could bookmen look for good books on bookstalls?

[ k ]

Звук [k] произносится как русский звук [к], но энергичнее и с придыханием перед гласными звуками. Перед гласными звуками [e], [i], [i:], [ɜ:] и согласным звуком [j], звук [k] не смягчается.

1.

Kate can calculate calories in a cup of coffee,

Carol can calculate calories in a cup of cacao.

Can Kate calculate calories in a cup of cacao?

Can Carol calculate calories in a cup of coffee?

2.

The café close to the chemist closes at one o’clock,

The café close to the castle closes at two o’clock,

The café close to the cathedral closes at three o’clock.

Can the café close to the cloister close at four o’clock?

3.

A cool captain in a cap and a cape cons calmly

Crafts with cargo keeping course to Calcutta.

If the cool captain wasn’t in the cap and the cape

Could he con calmly crafts with cargo to Calcutta?

4.

A clever cook cleans a cooker in a cozy kitchen

To cook crisp cookies on a clean cooker.

If the clever cook didn’t clean the cooker in the cozy kitchen

Can she cook crisp cookies on the clean cooker?

5.

A Canadian cannery can can carrots in cool cans,

A Columbian cannery can can cucumbers in cool cans,

Can the Canadian cannery can cucumbers in cool cans,

And can the Columbian cannery can carrots in cool cans?

[ v ]

Звук [v] произносится как ослабленный русский звук [в], но без участия верхней губы. Перед гласными звуками [e], [i], [i:], [ɜ:] и согласным звуком [j], звук [v] не смягчается.

1.

A very versed valuer valued the value

Of the vanished Venetian vase in Vatican.

Why did the very versed valuer  value the value

Of the Venetian vase vanished from Vatican?

2.

A village vet visits villagers in the vicinity

To vaccinate village calves from a virulent virus.

If the village vet didn’t visit villagers in the vicinity,

Could he vaccinate the village calves from the virulent virus?

3.

Vincent Voice vanquished Vivienne Vogue

With very vivid verses in a velvet valentine.

If did Vincent Voice versify his velleity in the velvet valentine,

To vanquish Vivienne Vogue?

4.

A very virtuous violinist vanned in a van to Vancouver

A viatic valise with a viol, a viola and a violin.

Was a venture for the very virtuous violinist to van in the van

The viatic valise with the viol, the viola and the violin?

5.

A very venal vinedresser views a vast valley

With vineries and vineyards to value the vintage.

If the very venal vinedresser didn’t view the vast valley,

Could he value the vintage of the vineries and vineyards?

[ u: ]

Долгий гласный звук [u:] произносится напряжённо. Качественно и количественно противопоставляется краткому звуку [ʊ]. Помимо долготы, английский звук [u:], как и звук [i:], отличается неоднородностью звучания на всём протяжении. При произнесении звука [u:], язык движется в полости рта назад и вверх. Губы в начальный момент заметно округлены и, по мере движения языка, округляются ещё сильнее. Во избежание замены английского звука [u:] русским звуком [у], при округлении губ, не следует их выпячивать.

1.

Ruth views ruined Pluto’s statues,

Luke views ruined Neptune’s statues.

If Ruth didn’t view ruined Pluto’s statues,

Would Luke view ruined Neptune’s statues?

2.

A school’s menu usually includes

Seafood soup, noodles and stewed fruit.

A university’s menu usually includes

Goose, cucumbers, mushrooms and fruit juice.

3.

There are two blue suits in Lew’s suitcase,

There are two blue shoes in Sue’s suitcase.

If there weren’t two blue suits in Lew’s suitcase,

Would there be two blue shoes in Sue’s suitcase?

4.

A cute beauty saloon usually uses

Perfume, shampoo and toothpaste produced in the US.

 Is it usual for a cute beauty saloon to use

Perfume, shampoo and toothpaste produced in the US?

5.

Judy’s room has a beautiful view of a pool,

Lucy’s room has a beautiful view of ruins.

If Judy’s room didn’t have a beautiful view of the pool,

Would Lucy’s room have a beautiful view of the ruins? 

[ l ]

В отличии от русского звука [л], английский звук [l] произносится с участием кончика языка, который касается тканей непосредственно за передними верхними зубами. Перед гласными звучит несколько мягче, но не так, как русский звук [ль]. В то же время, в положении не перед гласными звуками, английский звук [l] никогда не звучит так же твёрдо, как русский звук [л].

1.

A lass lays lacy lingerie up in lime,

A laundress lays lawny lingerie up in lily,

A lady-help lays linen lingerie up in lilac.

What lingerie does a landlady lay up in lavender?

2.

A loyal lackey in a laky livery lights

Lamps in a lobby later than lamps in a library.

If the loyal lackey wasn’t in the laky livery,

Would he light lamps in the lobby later than in the library?

3.

A limber lady-help laid lately in a little larder

Lots of lard, lamb, leek, liver, leaven, lentil,

Lettuce, limes, lemons, loaves and lobsters.

Does the lady-help like a lack of livelihood?

4.

A large lorry is a lot longer than a little lorry,

A little lorry is a lot lighter than a large lorry.

If the large lorry wasn’t longer than the little lorry,

Would the little lorry be lighter than the large lorry?

5.

A law lecturer labours in a little lab,

A letters lectuter labours in a large library.

If the law lecturer doesn’t labour in the little lab,

Would the letters lectuter labour in the large library?

[ w ]

Аналогов звуку [w] в русском языке нет. Английский звук [w] получается мгновенным пропусканием струи воздуха через щель, образуемую сильно округлёнными и слегка выпяченными губами. Зубы не касаются нижней губы. Звук [w] произносится очень кратко и слабо, губы совершают движение, как при задувании свечи.

1.

A washwoman warms water on Wednesdays

To wash woolen wear from a wooden wardrobe.

Why does the washwoman warm water on Wednesdays

To wash the woolen wear from the wooden wardrobe?

2.

We wear woolen wear in winter,

While we wear waterproofs in wet weather.

Why do we wear woolen wear in winter,

While we wear waterproofs in wet weather?

3.

A wide-awake warden walks weekly

Along the westward wall of a wax works.

Why does the wide-awake warden walks weekly

Along the westward wall of the wax works?

4.

A white wizard works wonders with a wand,

While a wicked witch works wonders with words.

Why does the white wizard work wonders with the wand,

While the wicked witch works wonders with the words?

5.

Whales want to wallow in warm waves,

While walruses want to wallow in white waves.

Why do the whales want to wallow in warm waves,

While the walruses want to wallow in white waves?

[ Λ ]

Краткий гласный звук [Λ] произносится напряжённо. Положение языка во рту, как при молчании. Английский звук [Λ] похож на русский звук [а], произносимый в первом предударном слоге после твёрдых согласных на месте русских букв а и о, как например в словах скала и кора. По сравнению с русским ударным звуком [а], при произнесении английского звука [Λ], язык отодвинут назад, а задняя его часть приподнята. Чрезмерно отодвинутый назад языка приведёт к образованию звука, близкого к английскому звуку [Λ], что будет являться грубой фонематической ошибкой, так как данные звуки нередко выполняют смыслоразличительную функцию.

1.

Sometimes for a Monday lunch

Someone cuts one onion and some cucumbers.

 Sometimes for a Sunday lunch

Someone cuts one onion and some mushrooms.

2.

A funny puppy runs in front of a pub,

A fluffy puppy runs in front of a club.

If the funny puppy didn’t run in front of the pub,

Would the fluffy puppy run in front of the club?

3.

Uncle Douglas comes in pubs on Mondays,

Uncle Humphry comes in clubs on Sundays.

If Uncle Douglas didn’t come in pubs on Mondays,

Would Uncle Humphry come in clubs on Sundays?

4.

Sometimes in summer months lucky hunters

Hurry up to hunt monkeys in a sunny jungle.

But if the jungle wasn’t sunny,

Would the lucky hunters hurry up to hunt monkeys?

5.

Douglas’ son is younger than Humphry’s brother,

Humphry’s son is younger than Douglas’ brother.

If Douglas’ son wasn’t younger than Humphry’s brother,

Would Humphry’s son be younger than Douglas’ brother?

[ m ]

Звук [m] произносится как ослабленный русский звук [м].

Перед гласными звуками [e], [i], [i:], [ɜ:] и согласным звуком [j], звук [m] не смягчается.

1.

A mad maid mixed for a morning meal

Maize, milk, meat, mint, mash, merry,

Melon, mango, marrow, mutton and mustard.

May the mad maid’s mister get a malady?

2.

A marine map-maker must mark on maps

Much more moles, mulls and marinas.

A martial map-maker must mark on maps

Much more marshes, meadows and massives.

3.

A merry miller mills millet at midday,

A morose miller mills millet at midnight.

If the merry miller didn’t mill millet at midday,

Would the morose miller mill millet at midnight?

4.

Mag’s mum may make marmalade of mango,

Mat’s mum may make marmalade of melon.

If Mag’s mum may not make marmalade of mango,

May Mat’s mum make marmalade of melon?

5.

A mighty mayor may miss a Monday meeting

To meet most of Military Ministry’s members.

If the mayor doesn’t meet the Military Ministry’s members,

May he miss the Monday morning meeting? 

[ z ]

Звук [z] произносится как ослабленный русский звук [з].

Отличается от русского звука [з] тем же, чем английский звук [s] от русского звука [с].

Перед гласными звуками [e], [i], [i:], [ɜ:] и согласным звуком [j], звук [z] не смягчается.

1.

A zealous musician visits Museum of Music

To examine an exhibit of the Beatles’ possessions.

If the exhibit didn’t possess the Beatles’ possessions,

Would his examinations be so pleasant?

2.

The Brazilian president always uses his position

To puzzle his wise opposition by refusing

Hesitating pauses as easy as praising phrases

And surprising examples in his presentations.

3.

An exacting blizzard in Wales on Tuesday

Caused freezing dozens thousand amazing roses.

Was rising prices on roses in Wales

A result of the exacting blizzard on Tuesday?

4.

The season of tourism in zones of Amazon in Brazil

Is always closed with hazes, breezes and drizzles.

Was a disaster for the season of tourism

In the zones of Amazon a blizzard on Tuesday?

5.

A Zulu zoologist visited Zurich zoo on Tuesday

To examine dozens noisy zebras, dozens lazy lizards

And dozens crazy chimpanzees from a desert on Zanzibar.

Was the Zulu zoologist exhausted as a result?

[ ə ]

Краткий нейтральный (образуемый языком в нейтральном положении) гласный звук [ə]   произносится без напряжения. Как и русский язык, английский язык характеризуется сильной качественной редукцией (ослабленным произношением гласных в безударных слогах). Так, звук, близкий английскому [ə], можно встретить во втором предударном и в двух заударных слогах в русских словах на месте гласных букв о, а и е после твёрдых согласных, например: садовод, даром, целиком. Ошибка при артикуляции английского [ə] возникает вследствие смешения парадигм редукции в английском и русском языках. Нейтральный гласный звук [ə] в английском встречается преимущественно в первом предударном и первом заударном слогах. Носители русского языка в первом и втором предударных слогах и втором заударном нередко произносят гласные, по степени качественной редукции близкие к русским. Частой ошибкой является произношение в первом предударном слоге английских слов русского [э] вместо [ə]. Для устранения этой ошибки необходимо не смещать язык в переднюю часть рта, сохраняя его в нейтральном срединном положении.

1.

Canada is colder than Korea,

Korea is hotter than Canada.

If Canada wasn’t colder than Korea,

Would Korea be hotter than Canada?

2.

Amazon is longer than Volga,

Volga is shorter than Amazon.

If Amazon wasn’t longer than Volga,

Would Volga be shorter than Amazon?

3.

Everest is higher than Olympus,

Olympus is lower than Everest.

If Everest wasn’t higher than Olympus,

Would Olympus be lower than Everest?

4.

Debora’s family is her father and mother,

Helena’s family is her sister and brother.

If Debora’s family wasn’t her father and mother,

Would Helena’s family be her sister and brother?

5.

Jonathan addresses his letters to Nicholas,

Nicholas addresses his letters to Jonathan.

If Jonathan didn’t address his letters to Nicholas,

Would Nicholas address his letters to Jonathan?

Лингвострановедческая викторина (Landeskunde)

1. Carl Bosch war ein deutscher …..

1. Musikant    3) Schriftsteller
2. Schauspieler   4) Chemiker

                                                Richtige Antwort: Chemiker

2. Er/ Sie erhielt den Nobelpreis für Cemie 1907 für seine Untersucungen und die Entdeckung der zellfreien Gärung.

1. Otto Hahn
2. Carl Bosch
3. Eduard Buchner
4. Marie Curie

                                                    Richtige Antwort:  Eduard Buchner

3. Otto Hahn war ein deutscher Chemiker und Pionier  …….

  1) die Medizin

  2) der  Diphtherie

3) der Radiochemie

4) die Hygiene

                                                                    Richtige Antwort: der Radiochemie

4.   Fritz Haber wurde 1919 den Nobelpreis für Chemie für ….. zuerkannt.

1. für seine Untersuchungen der Farbstoffe im Pflanzenreich  
2. für seine Forschung zur Katalyse                                                      
3. für die Synthese von Ammoniak aus dessen Elementen
4. für seine Beiträge zur Immunologie

Richtige Antwort:  für die Synthese   von Ammoniak aus dessen Elementen

5. Der deutsche Chemiker, Glastechniker und Unternehmer gilt als "Begründer der neuzeitlichen Glastechnik".

1) Friedrich Otto Schott

2) Wilhelm Ostwald

3) Carl Bosch

4) Karl Waldemar Ziegler

Richtige Antwort: 1.

6. Er erforschte freie organische Radikale, Fettalkohole und metallorganische Verbindungen. Die von ihm entdeckten metallorganischen Mischkatalysatoren auf Titanbasis wurden und werden zur industriellen Herstellung von Plasten, z. B. Polyethylen (PE) und Polypropylen (PP) verwendet.

1) Friedrich Otto Schott

2) Wilhelm Ostwald

3) Karl Waldemar Ziegler

4) Carl Bosch

Richtige Antwort: 3.

7. Max von Pettenkofer gilt als erster ... .

1) Glastechniker Deutschlands

2) Hygieniker Deutschlands

3) Begründer der Physikalischen Chemie

4) Industrieller Deutschlands

Richtige Antwort: 2.

 8. Dieser Chemiker ( Diese Chemikerin)  wurde am 8. März 1879 in Frankfurt am Main geboren und starb am 28. Juli 1968 im Alter von 89 Jahren in Göttingen.

1. Marie Curie

2. Otto Hahn

3. Alfred Nobel

4. Lois Pasteur

Richtige Antwort: 2.

  8. Er war nicht nur als Chemiker bekannt, sondern auch als Arzt:

1. Robert Bunsen

2.  Justus von Liebig

3. Paul Ehrlich

4. Otto Hahn

Richtige Antwort: 2.

9. Er war einer der bedeutendsten deutschen Chemiker, der als Begründer der Organischen Chemie, Agrikulturchemie und Ernährungsphysiologie gilt.

1. Justus von Liebig

2. Otto Hahn

3. Michael Faraday

4. Robert Bunsen

10. Der deutsche Chemiker, der ab 1859 mit Gustav Robert Kirchhoff die Spektralanalyse entwickelte.

1) Justus von Liebig

2) Michael Faraday

3) Robert Bunsen

4) Alfred Nobel

Richtige Antwort: 3

11. Welcher deutsche Chemiker hat für die künstliche Darstellung vom Ammoniak erhielt?

1) Conrad Rontgen

2) Rudolf Diesel

3) Otto Hahn

4) Karl Bosch

Richtige Antwort: 4

12. Er war ein deutsch – schwedischer Chemiker, entdeckte Chlor, Mangan, Sauerstoff.

1) Felix Hoffman

2) Carl Wilhelm Scheele

3) Justus von Liebig

4) Julius Lothar von Meyer

Richtige Antwort: 2

13. Er war ein deutscher Apotheker und Alchemist. Er ist der Entdecker des Phosphors.

1. Hennig Brand
2. Felix Hoffman
3. Otto Hahn
4. Marie Kurie

Richtige Antwort: 1

14. Max Bodenstein  war ein deutscher ... Er war Begründer der Kinetik.

1. Chemiker
2. Physiker
3. Physikochemiker
4. Maler

Richtige Antwort: 3

15. Von … entwickelte die erste Indigosynthese (Farbstoff).

1. Adolf von Baeyer
2. Otto Hahn
3. Hennig Brand
4. Alfred Nobel.

Richtige Antwort: 1

16. In welchem Jahr bekam Paul Ehrlich das Nobelpreis für Medizin „als Anerkennung ihrer Arbeiten über die Immunität“.

1. 1906
2. 1908
3. 1912
4. 1915

Richtige Antwort: 2

17) Der französische Wissenschaftler gilt als Vater der modernen Chemie. Er bewies, dass Wasser eine Verbindung aus Wasserstoff und Sauerstoff, und Luft eine Verbindung aus Sauerstoff und Stickstoff ist

1) Antoine Laurent de Lavoisier

2)         Otto Hahn

3)         Marie Kurie

4) Carl Wilhelm Scheele

Richtig- antoine

18) ……… experimentiere mit Säuren, Salzen und Basen, erforschte deren Leitfähigkeit und Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit und entdeckte dabei Affinitätskonstanten („Ostwaldsche Verdünnungsgesetz“). Der berühmte deutsche Wissenschaftler beschäftigte sich auch intensiv mit Brennstoffzellen und Katalysatoren. 1909 erhielt er den Chemie-Nobelpreis.

1) Wilhelm Ostwald(richtig)

2) Rudolf Diesel

3) Otto Hahn

4) Karl Bosch

19) Linus Pauling forschte mit Elektronen und biologischen Molekülen und fand deren chemische Bindungen in der Natur. Er gilt als einer der Väter der Quantenchemie und wurde 1954 mit dem Nobelpreis für Chemie sowie 1962 mit dem Friedens-Nobelpreis ausgezeichnet.

1) Linus Pauling(richtig)

2) Wilhelm Ostwald

3) Antoine Laurent de Lavoisier

4) Robert Koch

20) Der Geistliche und bis heute relativ unbekannte Chemiker isolierte Gase durch Einsatz von Quecksilber; entdeckte dadurch Sauerstoff, Salzsäure und Lachgas (Stickstoffoxid). …….. mischte auch Wasser mit Kohlensäure und erfand dadurch zufällig unser heutiges Mineralwasser.

1) Joseph Priestley( richtig)

2) Robert Koch

3) Wilhelm Ostwald

4) Antoine Laurent de Lavoisier

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