Etymological doublets

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Etymological doublets are words, originating from the same etymological source, but differing in phonemic shape and in meaning.

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Shirt & Skirt Shirt is a native word, and skirt (as the initial sk suggests), is a Scandinavian borrowing. Their phonemic shape is different, and yet there is a certain resemblance which reflects their common origin. Their meanings are also different but easily associated: they both denote articles of clothing.

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Others are represented by two borrowings from different languages which are historically descended from the same root: senior (Lat.) — sir (Fr.), canal (Lat.) — channel (Fr.), captain (Lat.) — chieftan (Fr.). Still others were borrowed from the same language twice, but in different periods: corpse [ ko:ps ] (Norm. Fr.) — corps [ ko :] (Par. Fr.), travel (Norm. Fr.) — travail (Par. Fr.), cavalry (Norm. Fr.) — chivalry (Par. Fr.), gaol (Norm. Fr.) — jail (Par. Fr.).

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Etymological triplets ( i . e. groups of three words of common root) occur rarer, but here are at least two examples: hospital (Lat.) — hostel (Norm. Fr.) — hotel (Par. Fr.), to capture (Lat.) — to catch (Norm. Fr.) — to chase (Par. Fr.).

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A doublet may also consist of a shortened word and the one from which it was derived : history — story, fantasy — fancy, fanatic — fan, defence — fence, courtesy — curtsy, shadow — shade

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There are also etymological doublets which were borrowed from the same language during different historical periods, such as French doublets: gentil - любезный , благородный , etymological doublets are: gentle - мягкий , вежливый and genteel - благородный . From the French word gallant etymological doublets are : ‘gallant - храбрый and ga’llant - галантный , внимательный .

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Sometimes etymological doublets are the result of borrowing different grammatical forms of the same word, e.g. the Comparative degree of Latin «super» was «superior» which was borrowed into English with the meaning «high in some quality or rank». The Superlative degree (Latin « supremus »)in English «supreme» with the meaning «outstanding», «prominent». So «superior» and «supreme» are etymological doublets.

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Latino-French doublets Latin English from Latin English from French u ncia incht ounce moneta mint money c amera camera chamber

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Franco-French doublets doublets borrowed from different dialects of French Norman Paris canal channel captain chieftain catch chaise

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Scandinavian-English doublets Scandinavian English skirt shirt scabby shabby

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