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Presentationby Chunosova Irina11 “A”
Aristotle
Aristotle (384 BC – 322 BC) was a Greek philosopher and polymath, a student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great.
His writings cover many subjects, including: physics; metaphysics; poetry; theater; music; logic; rhetoric; linguistics; politics; government; ethics; biology; zoology.
Together with Plato and Socrates (Plato's teacher), Aristotle is one of the most important founding figures in Western philosophy. Aristotle's writings were the first to create a comprehensive system of Western philosophy, encompassing morality, aesthetics, logic, science, politics, and metaphysics.
Plato
Socrates
Aristotle, whose name means "the best purpose," was born in Stageira, Chalcidice, in 384 BC, about 55 km east of modern-day Thessaloniki. His father Nicomachus was the personal physician to King Amyntas of Macedon. Although there is little information on Aristotle' childhood, he probably did spend some time then in the Macedonian palace, making his first connections with the Macedonian monarchy.
At about the age of eighteen, he went to Athens to continue his education at Plato's Academy. Aristotle remained at the academy for nearly twenty years before quitting Athens in 348/47 BC. While in Asia, Aristotle traveled with Theophrastus to the island of Lesbos, where together they researched the botany and zoology of the island. Soon Aristotle was invited by Philip II of Macedon to become the tutor to his son Alexander in 343 BC.
Alexander the Great (356 BC - 323 BC)
Aristotle was appointed as the head of the royal academy of Macedon. During that time he gave lessons not only to Alexander, but also to two other future kings: Ptolemy and Cassander. Aristotle encouraged Alexander toward eastern conquest, and his attitude towards Persia was unabashedly ethnocentric. In one famous example, he counsels Alexander to be 'a leader to the Greeks and a despot to the barbarians, to look after the former as after friends and relatives, and to deal with the latter as with beasts or plants‘.
By 335 BC he had returned to Athens, establishing his own school there known as the Lyceum. Aristotle conducted courses at the school for the next twelve years.
From 335 to 323 BC Aristotle wrote many dialogues, only fragments of which survived. His most important treatises include Physics, Metaphysics, Nicomachean Ethics, Politics, De Anima (On the Soul) and Poetics.
Aristotle not only studied almost every subject possible at the time, but made significant contributions to most of them. In physical science, Aristotle studied anatomy, astronomy, embryology, geography, geology, meteorology, physics and zoology. In philosophy, he wrote on aesthetics, ethics, government, metaphysics, politics, economics, psychology, rhetoric and theology. He also studied education, foreign customs, literature and poetry. His combined works constitute a virtual encyclopedia of Greek knowledge. It has been suggested that Aristotle was probably the last person to know everything there was to be known in his own time.
Aristotle died in Euboea of natural causes within the year (in 322 BC). Aristotle named chief executor his student Antipater and left a will in which he asked to be buried next to his wife.
Five elements Aristotle proposed a fifth element, aether, in addition to the four proposed earlier by Empedocles. Earth, which is cold and dry; this corresponds to the modern idea of a solid. Water, which is cold and wet; this corresponds to the modern idea of a liquid. Air, which is hot and wet; this corresponds to the modern idea of a gas. Fire, which is hot and dry; this corresponds to the modern idea of heat. Aether, which is the divine substance that makes up the heavenly spheres and heavenly bodies (stars and planets).
Optics Aristotle held more accurate theories on some optical concepts than other philosophers of his day. The earliest known written evidence of a camera obscura can be found in Aristotle's documentation of such a device in 350 BC in Problemata. Aristotle's apparatus contained a dark chamber that had a single small hole, or aperture, to allow for sunlight to enter. Aristotle used the device to make observations of the sun and noted that no matter what shape the hole was, the sun would still be correctly displayed as a round object. In modern cameras, this is analogous to the diaphragm. Aristotle also made the observation that when the distance between the aperture and the surface with the image increased, the image was magnified.
Logic With the Prior Analytics, Aristotle is credited with the earliest study of formal logic, and his conception of it was the dominant form of Western logic until 19th century advances in mathematical logic. Kant stated in the Critique of Pure Reason that Aristotle's theory of logic completely accounted for the core of deductive inference.
Conclusion
Aristotle was one of the first, who found the science. His discoveries are used by many scientists.
Resources: http://en.wikipedia.org http//images.yandex.ru

Welcome to Tambov city
Group 1
Chunusova
I.
Seleznev
A.
Potapova
I.
Tambov is one of Russia's main cultural and intellectual
centers
with a rich and interesting history.

Spaso-Preobrazhensky
(Transfiguration)
Cathedral (1694)

Tregulyaevsky

monastery
Pokrovskaya
Church

The Regional Drama Theater is Tambov's pride. Famous actors
N.Kh
.
Rybakov
, N.K.
Miloslavsky
, P.N.
Orlenev
and other outstanding people such as
Fedor

Chalyapin
, Maya
Plisetskaya
, and Dmitry Shostakovich performed on its stage

The best known museum is the Tambov Regional Local History Museum, which has a splendid fund of ethnographic materials, rare books from the 17th-19th centuries, unique collections of porcelain, weapons, Russian medals
,
and information on outstanding people whose life and works were associated with Tambov region.

The best thing about Tambov is its beautiful parks and squares. The most famous include the Victory park, Friendship Park, Park in the southern part of Tambov.