Мини-проект “A local wonder: Astrakhan Kremlin” (презентация 10 A класс)

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Mini-project: “A local wonder: Astrakhan miracle : T he Kremlin » The project was performed by the student of 10th form « А» of school №2 in Krasny Yar Burlibaeva Anel

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The Kremlin The Astrakhan Kremlin is a real fortress in Astrakhan, that was built in the place where, in 1558, Ivan the Terrible captured moved them a city. Situated on an island, washed by the waters of the Volga, the Kutum , the Tsarev and Erik Cossack. On the highest hill of the island - Rabbit hill, is situated the Kremlin (1580-1620; its builders - Michael Vel’yaminov , Day-lipped), is down along the left bank of the Volga near the seafront, with white stone walls, 4 and 3 passes deaf towers.

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The Kremlin bell tower is considered as one of the well-known symbols of the city of Astrakhan. Its silhouette is visible on 80 metres high Astrakhan virtually anywhere in the city. It towers over the main gates for passage of the Kremlin, which starting from the XVII century, coupled with the White Astrakhan citadel city. Extant description of a few of gate structures that previously existed on the site. The Kremlin Bell Tower

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ITS HISTORY In 1558 Russian master-lipped Day and Michael Vel’yaminov sent by the king of Moscow began to lead the construction of the Kremlin from stone. Bricks were brought from the ruins of the Golden City . Kremlin walls and the areas between them were strengthened with towers. The most powerful is the Crimean tower, located on the west side. The thickness of the walls is 3.5 meters. The tower has five tiers, 20 loopholes. Neither time nor men could not break the Crimean tower, it has been preserved in its original form . But very weak was Zhitnaya Tower. It had totally 9 loopholes. Before the tower there was located Rye yard - so was its name and poor service . The names of the Kremlin towers reveal to their history. Hierarchical is close to home bishop, Red – to beautiful ; Artillery is close to the artillery yard . As the population grew in Astrakhan , the east of the fort became a settlement with residential yards. By 1631, the area was enclosed by a stone wall and was called the White City. The stones of the Kremlin were the reliable protection for citizens.

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The new stone Astrakhan Kremlin retained the shape of a rectangular triangle pointing to the west. In general, the walls and towers resembled existing at that time the Kremlin central part of the Russian state. The walls and towers ended with two-horned teeth - the so-called "dovetail". The teeth were cut Pechura with loopholes - strelnitsa mounted combat to fire from arquebuses . The walls of the Astrakhan Kremlin had the latest time for the system of organization "fire fighting ". Originally the tower of the Astrakhan Kremlin had no names, they appeared more later. Totally Astrakhan Kremlin had eight towers, of which up to now travel three and four are deaf. Travel towers were of two types: "exit" - for riders, horse-drawn transportation and "vylaznye" - for the foot soldiers. Deaf called battle towers, which had appeared only in the territory of the Kremlin.

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The structure of the Kremlin Inside the Kremlin you can visit the following: Uspensky Cathedral (1698-1710, architect Dorofei Myakishev) - cubic, 5-headed, with a rich decor and facade with open arched gallery; Trinity Cathedral (XVI-XVIII centuries) The former Bishop's House (XVI-XVIII centuries) with Church Guardhouse (1807) Chapel of St. Cyril (XVII-XIX cc.), etc . Prechistensky Gate (Bell) Arsenal ( 1844) Consistory (1655, 1844 )

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Uspensky Cathedral

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Trinity Cathedral

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T he former Bishop's House with Church home

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Guardhouse

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Chapel of St. Cyril

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Prechistensky Gate

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Arsenal

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Consistory

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THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION !