290 лет РАН

290 Years of the Russian Academy of Sciences
1. History
end of XVI - early XVII centuries. - Florentine Accademia del Cimento (Italy)
1660 -1662 years. Royal Society (London) - British Academy of Sciences
1666 - Paris
1700 - Berlin
1724 – Saint - Petersburg
1739 - Stockholm
1739 - The Munich Academy of Sciences, etc.
Historical conditions creating RAS
Formation of European academies
January 22, 1724 at a meeting of the Senate approved the draft regulation on the establishment of the Academy of Sciences
January 28, 1724 published Decree on the establishment of the Senate of the Academy of Sciences:  "Telling inflict Academy, which would learn languages, as other sciences and arts and notable books translated to"
Historical conditions creating RAS
January 28, 1724     published Decree on the establishment of the Senate of the Academy of Sciences so February 8 (New Style) - Day of Russian Science
Historical conditions creating RAS
Tasks Academy of Sciences
 Translation workThe Academy has a research and educational institution: the University, and her high school
Peter I: «... it is impossible that here follow in other states adopted the image, but should look at the state of the local state"
Historical conditions creating RAS
Structure of the Academy of Sciences and Arts
Academy (directions work)
Mathematics class
geography and navigation
mechanics(2)
mathematics and astronomy
Physics class
anatomy
chemistry
botany
Theoretical and Experimental Physics
Humanities class
eloquence and antiquities
ancient and new stories
law, politics and ethics
department
department
department
Historical conditions creating RAS
Management Academy
 Emperor - the supreme head of the academy  President - elected   Secretary Academy - Conducting scientific correspondence   To control the material is often installed as director, his two deputies and one official who was in charge of money
Historical conditions creating RAS
The first president of the Academy of Sciences was appointed personal physician Lawrence Lavrentievich Blumentrost
The first president of the Academy
Drafter provisions for the establishment of the Academy of Sciences
Historical conditions creating RAS
The content of the Russian Academy
 Feature of the St. Petersburg Academy - created by the state and is on its contents (the Academy of Western Europe sought to discover themselves with publishing tools)
 Contents fell on cash of 24,912 rubles a year
 Academics - "quite a salary"
Historical conditions creating RAS
Official opening of the Academy
 The actual opening of the St. Petersburg Academy - in September 1725, when the first conference of academics Official opening -  in December 1725
 During 1724 - negotiations with foreign scientists to be invited to the service in St. Petersburg
Екатерина I
Historical conditions creating RAS
Museum
 Cabinet of Curiosities - (organized in 1714)   Russia's first museum
First establishment of Sciences
First (invited) Academicians
 The average age of academics - 24
Historical conditions creating RAS
Jacob Herman Joseph Delisle Georg Byulfinger Christians Martini Daniel Bernoulli Nicholas Bernoulli Friedrich Meyer Johann Duvernoy Johann Kohl Michelle Burgess
 Founded in 1714 by decree of Peter I
 Library
SOURCES: Library Apothecary order + + library Duke of Courland Gottorp library (books, Peter I received a gift from the Duke of Holstein)
 in 1725 transferred to the Academy of Sciences
First establishment of Sciences
Currently - Library of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Library
One of the largest libraries in the world, the main library of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS) with the status of a research institute in the field of library science, computer science, Book Science, scientific descriptions of the manuscripts, conservation and restoration of documents, security libraries and archives.
First establishment of Sciences
Since 1728 - "Comments on the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences" (Latin) - one of the leading scientific publications in Europe
Typography
In the years 1725-1726 have been established:
1)Physical Cabinet   with first class at the time devices
2)Mineralogical study
As he wrote in 1736, the famous French physicist Jean-Jacques de Meran Dort: "St. Petersburg Academy since its birth has risen to the height of the outstanding science, to which the Academy of Paris and London got just over sixty years of hard work"
First establishment of Sciences
Mid-1740s
First academicians of Russians
G.V .Richman
M.V. Lomonosov
V.K .Trediakovskii
First establishment of Sciences
Academic Project king - the ruler of illiterate country dared to participate in the development of world science and not just learn that to which were sometimes centuries in the West
Saint Petersburg - a symbol of what a genius monarch able to race against time in history that you can not enter as a result of a long maturation, and at once, one heroic jerk (idea, popular in the XVIII century.)
Socio-cultural conditions of formation of science in Russia
Reforms of Peter I: Diagnosis of what is happening - the transformation of ancient Russia, the emergence of a new culture
Replacing the Boyar Duma Senate - boyars claim to sovereignty
Replacing Patriarchate Synod - no political competition with the church
 Branch of the concept of "state" of the identity of the ruler, the legitimization of the state from the standpoint of reason, not by religious
Socio-cultural conditions of formation of science in Russia
1714 decree on compulsory education for the nobility
 First time - "monsters" more than "normal" visitors
Creation Museum - Cabinet of Curiosities
Funds grew rapidly, but the order was not Little visitors
Creating a Library
 Compulsory education, domestic and overseas, did not give the nobility   significant stock of scientific knowledge; but it taught the nobility to the process   proficiency and involuntarily aroused appetite for knowledge (V.O.Kljuchevsky)
teenage could not marry until he received a certificate of completion of the course in elementary school
Socio-cultural conditions of formation of science in Russia
Historic buildings RAS:
Cabinet of Curiosities, view from Neva
The building of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences on Vasilevsky Island
2. Structure
For nearly three centuries of the Academy changed its objectives, status and structure. Now Academy is based on scientific branch and territorial basis and includes 11 offices and three regional branches and 15 regional scientific centers. The composition of the RAS is comprised of numerous institutions.
The clock on the building of Presidium of Russian Academy of Sciences
Offices Russian Academy of Sciences: Branch of Mathematical Sciences Branch of Physical Sciences Department of Power Engineering, Mechanics and Control Processes Computer Equipment and Technologies Department of Chemistry and Material Sciences Department of Biological Sciences Earth Sciences Branch Department of Social Sciences Department of History and Philology Department of Physiology and Fundamental Medicine Branch of global issues and international relations
Kazan Research Center Vladikavkaz Scientific Centre RAS and the Government of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania Dagestan Scientific Center RAS Kabardino-Balkar Scientific Center of RAS Kazan Scientific Center RAS Karelian Research Centre Kola Scientific Center RAS Nizhny Novgorod Scientific Center of RAS Samara Scientific Center of RAS St. Petersburg Scientific Center RAS Saratov Scientific Center of RAS Ufa Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences Southern Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences Scientific Center in Chernogolovka Pushchino Research Center of RAS Trinity Academy of Sciences Research Center
Regional scientific centers:
Members of the Russian Academy of Sciences are full members .  The main duty of the members of the Russian Academy of Sciences is to enrich science with new achievements . RAS members elected by the general meeting of the Russian Academy of Sciences akademii.Chleny elected for life. Full members of the Russian Academy of Sciences elected Scientists contributing scientific works of primary importance. Corresponding Members of the Russian Academy of Sciences elected scientists contributing outstanding scientific work . Following the elections in December 2011, consisted in RAS 531 full member .
3. Members of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Vladimir E. Forts - President of Russian Academy of Sciences (since 2007)
4) Guide
Petersburg Academy of Sciences 1724-1917: Pavlov, medicine, 1904, the first Russian Nobel laureate Nobel laureates were also honorary members of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences Mechnikov, medicine, 1908 and IA Bunin, literature, 1933.
5) Nobel Laureates
Academy of Sciences of the USSR NN Semenov, Chemistry, 1956 Tamm, physics, 1958 Frank, physicist, 1958 Cherenkov, physics, 1958 Landau, physicist, 1962 Basov, physicist, 1964 Prokhorov, physicist, 1964 Mikhail Sholokhov, Literature, 1965 Kantorovich, economics, 1975 Andrei Sakharov, the world, 1975 Kapitza, physics, 1978
Тамм.И.Е.
Nobel laureates:
Russian Academy of Sciences since 1991 Solzhenitsyn, literature, 1970 (elected a member of Russian Academy of Sciences in 1997) Alferov, physicist, 2000 AA Abrikosov, Physics, 2003 VL Ginzburg, Physics, 2003
Nobel Laureats:
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