Национальные стереотипы британцев.
Опубликовано Вадрецкая Татьяна Михайловна
вкл 29.01.2015 - 20:16
Автор:
Демидова Елизавета.
Этот проект описывает основные отличительные черты британцев, их обычаии и традиции.
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ЗАПУСК
National Stereotypes of the British
ГБОУ СОШ № 1148 им. Ф.М. Достоевского
Проект“National Stereotypes of the British”
Автор: Демидова Лиза Руководитель проекта:Вадрецкая Татьяна Михайловна
Москва 2013
The aims of the work are: finding out some specific features of the British national character; - finding out the differences and similarities between the key features of the national character of each of the nation, which is a part of the United Kingdom (the English, the Scots, the Irish and the Welsh).
The English are a nation and ethnic group native to England, who speak English. The English identity is of early medieval origin, when they were known in Old English as the Anglecynn. England is now a country of the United Kingdom, and the majority of English people in England are British Citizens.
Historically, the English population is descended from several genetically similar peoples — the earlier Britons, the Germanic tribes that settled in the area, including Angles, Saxons, and Jutes, who founded what was to become England (from the Old English Englaland), and the later Vikings and Normans.
Following the Act of Union in 1707, in which the Kingdom of England became part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain, English customs and identity became closely aligned with British customs and identity.
Today the English people are the source of the English language, the parliamentary system, common law systems in many countries and a variety of the globe's most popular sports.
The English have been known for this trait and have been fighting against it for a long time. That is why in 16th century there was a tradition to go to the continent for educational trips which were called «Big tours». At the age of Elizabeth I the young people`s voyages were encouraged and even financed by the government: England needed knowledgeable people, who were familiar with the world and could bring new information – from the new sophisticated scientific and technological researches and discoveries to confidential knowledge about world`s political situation.
The English are said to be very hospitable and benevolent – and it is absolutely true. For example, if you ask someone, speaking bad English, how you can get to your destination, you will be instructed in detail where to go, brought there, and, traditionally, at parting called «dear» or «love». But such a politeness reduces neither the English`s feeling of national superiority, nor their prejudice against foreign things.
Goodwill
Prejudice against all strangers
One of the key features of English national character is their adherence to traditions, which is also called conservatism. Indeed, the English`s aspiration for preserving peculiarities of their mode of life and behavior, rituals, habits, customs and traditions distinguishes them from other nations, is often criticized by others, but, at the same time, attracts a lot of tourists.
There is a special law in England which forbids changing windows and doors in old buildings. This makes the English to live without double pane unit. Although, living in the cold is unpleasant, bathroom equipment, causing endless surprise of foreigners, brings much more discomfort. It is difficult to understand how anyone can feel comfortable to wash himself under two separate faucets with hot and cold water.
Another English national passion is tea. Though most people are drinking coffee now, special treatment for tea is still preserved. English literature tells a lot about enormous role of tea in the country`s life. In the detective books the man, who found the corpse, needs a cup of tea to keep fit, in romantic novels - tea heals broken hearts. It is being drunk by friends, noting the meeting, and by enemies to defuse the situation. Answering the question addressed to the children "What do they want more - tea or adventure?”, Peter Pan gets an immediate response: «First tea, please». Everyone knows that in England tea is drunk with milk - milk the first, tea at the top and no water. This tradition was so strong that the manufacturers put on packages of green, fruit and herbal tea, a warning («It is better to drink it without milk»)
The other weakness of the English is the weather of their country. All the jokes and derision, for which they are laughed at, is completely true. Every English conversation revolves around this theme, even semi-official letters from the organizations include mentions of good or bad weather. The main problem is that the British are convinced that their weather is very bad, changeable and unpredictable, and it defines many aspects of their life and character.
Conservatism
Hobbies
The Scottish people (Scots Gaelic: Albannaich), or Scots, are a nation and ethnic group native to Scotland. Historically they emerged from an amalgamation of the Celtic Picts (east) and Gaels (west), incorporating neighboring Britons to the south as well as invading Germanic peoples such as the Anglo-Saxons and the Norse. In modern use, "Scottish people" or "Scots" is used to refer to anyone whose linguistic, cultural, family ancestral or genetic origins are from within Scotland. The Latin word Scotti originally applied to a particular, 5th century, Goidelic tribe that inhabited Ireland. Though usually considered archaic or pejorative, the term Scotch has also been used for the Scottish people, but this use is now primarily by people outside of Scotland.
Scotland has seen migration and settlement of peoples at different periods in its history. The Dalriadic Gaels, the Picts and the Britons had respective origin myths, like most Middle Ages European peoples. Germanic people such as Angles and Saxons arrived beginning in the 7th century while the Norse settled many regions of Scotland from the 8th century onwards. In the High Middle Ages, from the reign of David I of Scotland, there was some emigration from France, England and the Low Countries to Scotland. Many famous Scottish family names, including those bearing the names which became Bruce, Balliol, Murray and Stewart came to Scotland at this time.
The Scot`s circumspection is well-known all over the world, but, if you point the Scot to his caution, he will make a wry face. Circumspect Scotsman is thinking, before saying something, so what is often seen as laconism, actually is a pause before saying a word. This pause can be caused by some things: they do not want to wound your feelings of not to be seen as a fool. The Scottish people have a long memory, so one embarrassing remark and a man will be hold up to shame forever. The Scots are very thrifty and they are watching after any coin they have. This habit was caused long time ago when they were waiting for carnage and because of it were hiding each coin. So do not be surprised, when you`re going to visit the Scot`s house, he tells you « Come in, come in. I hope, you have already had a dinner».
These two adjectives in the Scottish form of English persecute the Scots everywhere. The first – pawky (cunning, sly, ironic, derisive). The Scot, determined by this epithet, smiles makes a lot of jokes. The second – dour (stern, gloomy, gloomy). The Scot, determined by this epithet, is walking around with a gloomy expression on his face, has gloomy thoughts and expresses them gloomily. Combination of both these qualities - a great talent.
Circumspection
Scotland is a country with an intense national tradition, with its own national dances, festivals, poems and songs, which are well-known all over Britain, its own national food and drink, sport and manners.
There are a lot of festivals in Scotland, but, I think, the most great of them is the Edinburgh Festival. There you can see how musical and artistic the Scots are. The Festival is one of the biggest festivals in the world. It takes place annually during the last two weeks of August and the first week of September. The Edinburgh Festival brings top class performers of music (especially classical music), theatre, opera and dance from around the world to perform. The festival also hosts a series of visual art exhibitions, talks and workshops. It is ended by a splendid colourful Military Tattoo (an outdoor military show with music, usually at night), held on the parade grounds of Edinburgh Castle. It is a major attraction at Festival time.
Talking about the Scotts, you cannot forget about their national clothes and especially about the kilt. What is the kilt by itself? It is a knee-length garment with pleats at the rear, originating in the traditional dress of men and boys in the Scottish Highlands of the 16th century. Since the 19th century it has become associated with the wider culture of Scotland in general.
Traditions and customs
There is no other part of the British Isles where national spirit is stronger, national pride more intense or national traditions more cherished than in Wales. The Welsh still proudly wear their national dress on festive occasions; the Welsh language is still very much a living force and is taught side by side with English in schools; and Welshmen, who have a highly developed artistic sense, have a distinguished record in the realm of poetry, song and drama.
Have you noticed the number of Welsh place-names that begin with Llan — Llanbers, Llandudno, Llanfair? There are hundreds of them in Wales. In the dark days of the early Saxon occupation of England Christianity still lived on among the Welsh, and specially chosen men, the first Celtic saints, went from place to place teaching the Christian faith, preaching, organising little groups of believers, and starting centres of worship. These centres were called Hans (churches), and the Hans often took the name of the saint who started them or some other holy name; for example, Llandudno was the llan started by St Tudno, Llandewi was the llan of St Ddewi (David), Llanfair was the llan of Fair (Mary).Llanfairpwllgwyngyllgogerychwyrndrobwllllantysiliogogogoch is the name of a station in Anglesey. The name means: the church of St.Maryin a wood of hazel trees near a rapid of whirlpool and near Sttysilio`s cave not far from a red cave.The town is generally known as Llanfair.
Wales has been called «The Land of Songs». Truly, there is much literary, musical and dramatic activity in modern Wales. Special festivals are held to encourage Welsh music and literature. One of these festivals is The Royal National Eisteddfod. It is a bardic festival of music, literature and drama held alternately in North and South Wales every year during the first week of August. The progtamme male and mixed choirs, brass-band concerts, children`s events, drama, art and craft, and the ceremony of the Crowning of the Bard. The aim is to encourage the evolution of the Welsh language. Thousands of people attend this six-day competition of poets and singers.
Strange language
Love for festivals
The Irish people are an ethnic group who originate in Ireland, an island in northwestern Europe. Ireland has been populated for around 9,000 years (according to archaeological studies, see Prehistoric Ireland), with the Irish people's earliest ancestors recorded have legends of being descended from groups such as the Nemedians, Fomorians, Fir Bolg, Tuatha Dй Danann and the Milesians.
There have been many notable Irish people throughout history. The 6th century Irish monk and missionary Columbanus is regarded as one of the "fathers of Europe", followed by Kilian of Wьrzburg and Vergilius of Salzburg. The scientist Robert Boyle is considered the "father of chemistry". Famous Irish explorers include Brendan the Navigator, Ernest Shackleton, and Tom Crean.
As you can see the four parts of the UK represent four nations which are distinct from each other in almost every aspect of life. They are different. The long centuries of contact between the people of four nations of the British Isles have limited their significant differences. But they have not completely disappeared, and the Welsh, Scottish and Irish people feel their identity very strongly. There are lots of differences between the English, the Scottish, the Welsh and the Irish. Stereotypes are certainly not reliable descriptions of individual people but they still exist. So, the English are very conservative, hospitable and benevolent. They are great individualists. They have a sense of humor, but also a prejudice against foreigners. They love animals and they are proud of their nation. The Scotts are known to be independent, circumspect, reserved, they do not like to show their emotions, they have a strong sense of national identity, some people find them thoughtful and even sullen, also, they have a reputation for being very careful with money The Irish are supposed to be warlike, great lovers of literature, especially poetry, they love and value their traditions. Some people find them to be great talkers. The Welsh are considered to have great national pride, strong spirit, highly developed artistic sense. They are talented actors, dancers and great cherishers of national traditions. They are always known for their singing ability. But even if there are differences between these four nations, they will be always one great nation which respects it`s customs and traditions, loves music and poetry, and is one of the most mixed nations. But, I think, this mixture of differences and so alike rules, characters, customs and traditions, festivals, national clothes and etc. makes the British very respected by the other nations and attractive for tourists.
1. Майол, Э. «Эти странные англичане».2. V.N. Bogoditskaya, L.V. Khrusralyova The world of Britain, учебник английского языка для 10-11. М.: Издательство «Версия», 2000. 2- издание3. http://legenda-ol.livejournal.com/145384.html4. http://www.langust.ru/review/xenoeng2.shtml5 .http://enative.narod.ru/theory/methods/character.htm6. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish_people7. http://www.euro-education.ru/geography/ireland/character8. http://www.euro-education.ru/geography/scotland/character9. http://www.englishelp.ru/country-study/great-britain/170-the-welsh.html10. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welsh_people11. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_people12. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_people13. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilt
National Stereotypes of the British
ГБОУ СОШ № 1148 им. Ф.М. Достоевского
Проект“National Stereotypes of the British”
Автор: Демидова Лиза Руководитель проекта:Вадрецкая Татьяна Михайловна
Москва 2013
The aims of the work are: finding out some specific features of the British national character; - finding out the differences and similarities between the key features of the national character of each of the nation, which is a part of the United Kingdom (the English, the Scots, the Irish and the Welsh).
The English are a nation and ethnic group native to England, who speak English. The English identity is of early medieval origin, when they were known in Old English as the Anglecynn. England is now a country of the United Kingdom, and the majority of English people in England are British Citizens.
Historically, the English population is descended from several genetically similar peoples — the earlier Britons, the Germanic tribes that settled in the area, including Angles, Saxons, and Jutes, who founded what was to become England (from the Old English Englaland), and the later Vikings and Normans.
Following the Act of Union in 1707, in which the Kingdom of England became part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain, English customs and identity became closely aligned with British customs and identity.
Today the English people are the source of the English language, the parliamentary system, common law systems in many countries and a variety of the globe's most popular sports.
The English have been known for this trait and have been fighting against it for a long time. That is why in 16th century there was a tradition to go to the continent for educational trips which were called «Big tours». At the age of Elizabeth I the young people`s voyages were encouraged and even financed by the government: England needed knowledgeable people, who were familiar with the world and could bring new information – from the new sophisticated scientific and technological researches and discoveries to confidential knowledge about world`s political situation.
The English are said to be very hospitable and benevolent – and it is absolutely true. For example, if you ask someone, speaking bad English, how you can get to your destination, you will be instructed in detail where to go, brought there, and, traditionally, at parting called «dear» or «love». But such a politeness reduces neither the English`s feeling of national superiority, nor their prejudice against foreign things.
Goodwill
Prejudice against all strangers
One of the key features of English national character is their adherence to traditions, which is also called conservatism. Indeed, the English`s aspiration for preserving peculiarities of their mode of life and behavior, rituals, habits, customs and traditions distinguishes them from other nations, is often criticized by others, but, at the same time, attracts a lot of tourists.
There is a special law in England which forbids changing windows and doors in old buildings. This makes the English to live without double pane unit. Although, living in the cold is unpleasant, bathroom equipment, causing endless surprise of foreigners, brings much more discomfort. It is difficult to understand how anyone can feel comfortable to wash himself under two separate faucets with hot and cold water.
Another English national passion is tea. Though most people are drinking coffee now, special treatment for tea is still preserved. English literature tells a lot about enormous role of tea in the country`s life. In the detective books the man, who found the corpse, needs a cup of tea to keep fit, in romantic novels - tea heals broken hearts. It is being drunk by friends, noting the meeting, and by enemies to defuse the situation. Answering the question addressed to the children "What do they want more - tea or adventure?”, Peter Pan gets an immediate response: «First tea, please». Everyone knows that in England tea is drunk with milk - milk the first, tea at the top and no water. This tradition was so strong that the manufacturers put on packages of green, fruit and herbal tea, a warning («It is better to drink it without milk»)
The other weakness of the English is the weather of their country. All the jokes and derision, for which they are laughed at, is completely true. Every English conversation revolves around this theme, even semi-official letters from the organizations include mentions of good or bad weather. The main problem is that the British are convinced that their weather is very bad, changeable and unpredictable, and it defines many aspects of their life and character.
Conservatism
Hobbies
The Scottish people (Scots Gaelic: Albannaich), or Scots, are a nation and ethnic group native to Scotland. Historically they emerged from an amalgamation of the Celtic Picts (east) and Gaels (west), incorporating neighboring Britons to the south as well as invading Germanic peoples such as the Anglo-Saxons and the Norse. In modern use, "Scottish people" or "Scots" is used to refer to anyone whose linguistic, cultural, family ancestral or genetic origins are from within Scotland. The Latin word Scotti originally applied to a particular, 5th century, Goidelic tribe that inhabited Ireland. Though usually considered archaic or pejorative, the term Scotch has also been used for the Scottish people, but this use is now primarily by people outside of Scotland.
Scotland has seen migration and settlement of peoples at different periods in its history. The Dalriadic Gaels, the Picts and the Britons had respective origin myths, like most Middle Ages European peoples. Germanic people such as Angles and Saxons arrived beginning in the 7th century while the Norse settled many regions of Scotland from the 8th century onwards. In the High Middle Ages, from the reign of David I of Scotland, there was some emigration from France, England and the Low Countries to Scotland. Many famous Scottish family names, including those bearing the names which became Bruce, Balliol, Murray and Stewart came to Scotland at this time.
The Scot`s circumspection is well-known all over the world, but, if you point the Scot to his caution, he will make a wry face. Circumspect Scotsman is thinking, before saying something, so what is often seen as laconism, actually is a pause before saying a word. This pause can be caused by some things: they do not want to wound your feelings of not to be seen as a fool. The Scottish people have a long memory, so one embarrassing remark and a man will be hold up to shame forever. The Scots are very thrifty and they are watching after any coin they have. This habit was caused long time ago when they were waiting for carnage and because of it were hiding each coin. So do not be surprised, when you`re going to visit the Scot`s house, he tells you « Come in, come in. I hope, you have already had a dinner».
These two adjectives in the Scottish form of English persecute the Scots everywhere. The first – pawky (cunning, sly, ironic, derisive). The Scot, determined by this epithet, smiles makes a lot of jokes. The second – dour (stern, gloomy, gloomy). The Scot, determined by this epithet, is walking around with a gloomy expression on his face, has gloomy thoughts and expresses them gloomily. Combination of both these qualities - a great talent.
Circumspection
Scotland is a country with an intense national tradition, with its own national dances, festivals, poems and songs, which are well-known all over Britain, its own national food and drink, sport and manners.
There are a lot of festivals in Scotland, but, I think, the most great of them is the Edinburgh Festival. There you can see how musical and artistic the Scots are. The Festival is one of the biggest festivals in the world. It takes place annually during the last two weeks of August and the first week of September. The Edinburgh Festival brings top class performers of music (especially classical music), theatre, opera and dance from around the world to perform. The festival also hosts a series of visual art exhibitions, talks and workshops. It is ended by a splendid colourful Military Tattoo (an outdoor military show with music, usually at night), held on the parade grounds of Edinburgh Castle. It is a major attraction at Festival time.
Talking about the Scotts, you cannot forget about their national clothes and especially about the kilt. What is the kilt by itself? It is a knee-length garment with pleats at the rear, originating in the traditional dress of men and boys in the Scottish Highlands of the 16th century. Since the 19th century it has become associated with the wider culture of Scotland in general.
Traditions and customs
There is no other part of the British Isles where national spirit is stronger, national pride more intense or national traditions more cherished than in Wales. The Welsh still proudly wear their national dress on festive occasions; the Welsh language is still very much a living force and is taught side by side with English in schools; and Welshmen, who have a highly developed artistic sense, have a distinguished record in the realm of poetry, song and drama.
Have you noticed the number of Welsh place-names that begin with Llan — Llanbers, Llandudno, Llanfair? There are hundreds of them in Wales. In the dark days of the early Saxon occupation of England Christianity still lived on among the Welsh, and specially chosen men, the first Celtic saints, went from place to place teaching the Christian faith, preaching, organising little groups of believers, and starting centres of worship. These centres were called Hans (churches), and the Hans often took the name of the saint who started them or some other holy name; for example, Llandudno was the llan started by St Tudno, Llandewi was the llan of St Ddewi (David), Llanfair was the llan of Fair (Mary).Llanfairpwllgwyngyllgogerychwyrndrobwllllantysiliogogogoch is the name of a station in Anglesey. The name means: the church of St.Maryin a wood of hazel trees near a rapid of whirlpool and near Sttysilio`s cave not far from a red cave.The town is generally known as Llanfair.
Wales has been called «The Land of Songs». Truly, there is much literary, musical and dramatic activity in modern Wales. Special festivals are held to encourage Welsh music and literature. One of these festivals is The Royal National Eisteddfod. It is a bardic festival of music, literature and drama held alternately in North and South Wales every year during the first week of August. The progtamme male and mixed choirs, brass-band concerts, children`s events, drama, art and craft, and the ceremony of the Crowning of the Bard. The aim is to encourage the evolution of the Welsh language. Thousands of people attend this six-day competition of poets and singers.
Strange language
Love for festivals
The Irish people are an ethnic group who originate in Ireland, an island in northwestern Europe. Ireland has been populated for around 9,000 years (according to archaeological studies, see Prehistoric Ireland), with the Irish people's earliest ancestors recorded have legends of being descended from groups such as the Nemedians, Fomorians, Fir Bolg, Tuatha Dй Danann and the Milesians.
There have been many notable Irish people throughout history. The 6th century Irish monk and missionary Columbanus is regarded as one of the "fathers of Europe", followed by Kilian of Wьrzburg and Vergilius of Salzburg. The scientist Robert Boyle is considered the "father of chemistry". Famous Irish explorers include Brendan the Navigator, Ernest Shackleton, and Tom Crean.
As you can see the four parts of the UK represent four nations which are distinct from each other in almost every aspect of life. They are different. The long centuries of contact between the people of four nations of the British Isles have limited their significant differences. But they have not completely disappeared, and the Welsh, Scottish and Irish people feel their identity very strongly. There are lots of differences between the English, the Scottish, the Welsh and the Irish. Stereotypes are certainly not reliable descriptions of individual people but they still exist. So, the English are very conservative, hospitable and benevolent. They are great individualists. They have a sense of humor, but also a prejudice against foreigners. They love animals and they are proud of their nation. The Scotts are known to be independent, circumspect, reserved, they do not like to show their emotions, they have a strong sense of national identity, some people find them thoughtful and even sullen, also, they have a reputation for being very careful with money The Irish are supposed to be warlike, great lovers of literature, especially poetry, they love and value their traditions. Some people find them to be great talkers. The Welsh are considered to have great national pride, strong spirit, highly developed artistic sense. They are talented actors, dancers and great cherishers of national traditions. They are always known for their singing ability. But even if there are differences between these four nations, they will be always one great nation which respects it`s customs and traditions, loves music and poetry, and is one of the most mixed nations. But, I think, this mixture of differences and so alike rules, characters, customs and traditions, festivals, national clothes and etc. makes the British very respected by the other nations and attractive for tourists.
1. Майол, Э. «Эти странные англичане».2. V.N. Bogoditskaya, L.V. Khrusralyova The world of Britain, учебник английского языка для 10-11. М.: Издательство «Версия», 2000. 2- издание3. http://legenda-ol.livejournal.com/145384.html4. http://www.langust.ru/review/xenoeng2.shtml5 .http://enative.narod.ru/theory/methods/character.htm6. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish_people7. http://www.euro-education.ru/geography/ireland/character8. http://www.euro-education.ru/geography/scotland/character9. http://www.englishelp.ru/country-study/great-britain/170-the-welsh.html10. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welsh_people11. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_people12. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_people13. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilt
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