Проект "В поисках идеального государства"

Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug-Yugra

Nizhnevartovsk Region

 The Conference “21st Century. In Pursuit Of Perfection”

In search of an ideal political state system

Maria Melnik,

Alina Granich,

11th form, school №2

The teacher:  L.V. Suvorova

Izluchinsk

2013

В поисках идеальной политической системы

Мельник Мария Сергеевна

Гранич Алина Юрьевна

11 класс

МБОУ «Излучинская ОСШ № 2»

Аннотация

        Данная работа посвящена изучению политических систем трех стран: Великобритании, США и России. В аспекте сегодняшнего времени рассматриваются их отличия и сходства, отмечаются положительные стороны каждой политической системы.   В исследовании сравниваются преимущества и недостатки таких политических устройств как парламентарная демократия, конституционная  монархия и федеративная республика. Целью работы является создание модели политической системы идеального государства. В результате работы авторы предлагают собственное видение модели политического устройства, приводят конкретные примеры прав подростков. Предлагаемая модель создана на основе сравнительного  анализа рассматриваемых политических систем, анкетирования среди учащихся, родителей и работников школы.

1. The plan of the research work:

The aim - ………………

The tasks: ……………

The methods: …………..

…………………………

 (план исследования согласно общим требованиям - должен содержать следующие разделы: проблема или вопрос, подлежащий исследованию, *гипотеза; *подробное описание метода; библиография (хотя бы три основные работы, относящиеся к предмету исследования). План исследований объемом не более четырех стандартных страниц печатается в порядке: стандартный заголовок, затем посередине слова «План исследований», ниже текст. *План исследования можно представить в форме таблицы (1 – 2 стр)

Content:

1. Introduction
2. The main part:

1. The political system of the USA.

2. The political system of the UK.

3. The political system of Russia.

4. The results of the survey.

5. The model of an ideal political state system.

3. Conclusion

I. The State system of any nation is not an artificial creation of some genius. It is nothing else but a work of many centuries, a product of national spirit, a political mentality and consciousness of people. It is quite clear that in the process of democratic state formation lots of problems  inevitably appear. Many of them already exist in our country. But can a considered usage of foreign experience help our country to build a really democratic state?  How does western democracy work? Is western democracy really democratic?

II.  1. Britain is a parliamentary democracy with a constitutional monarch. This means that Great Britain is governed by the Parliament and Queen Elizabeth the II is the head of state. But in fact she has no real power.  There are 3 branches of power in Great Britain: legislative, executive, judicial.  The legislative branch of power is exercised by the Houses of Parliament which consists of two chambers: the House of Lords and the House of Commons.  The executive branch of power is exercised by Prime Minister and his Cabinet. The Government is usually formed by the political party which is supported by the majority in the House of Commons. The Prime Minister chooses ministers and forms the Cabinet. There are two main political parties in Great Britain: the Conservative and the Labour parties. The judicial branch of power determines law and is independent of both legislative, executive branches. There is no written constitution in the UK.

2.  The United States of America is a presidential republic. The head of the state is the President who is elected by the people. The President must be at least 35 years old and must have lived in the USA for at least 14 years. In the USA two main political parties fight for the power:

the  Democratic Party and Republican  Party.  The legislative branch of power is the Congress.
It is made up of two parts: the Senate and the House of Representatives. There are 100 senators, two for each state. The House has 435 members, the number of Representatives from each state depends on its population. The President and his Administration represent the executive branch of the federal government. The judicial branch of government is the system of courts. Americans say, “The President proposes, but Congress disposes”. According to the US Constitution Congress, the Supreme Court and the President control each other. The system of checks and balances makes compromise necessary.

3. Russia is a presidential republic.  The Federal government consists of three branches: legislative, executive and judicial. The Federal Assembly represents the legislative power. It consists of 2 chambers: the Federation Council and the Duma.  The executive power in Russia belongs to the Government. The president appoints its head - the Prime minister. The judicial power belongs to the system of courts. The main law of our country is the Constitution which was adopted in 1993.

 It is clearly seen that the USA and Russia have much in common.

1. Both countries are presidential republics.

2. The head of the state in the USA and Russia is the President who is elected by the people.

3. In America the President must be elected every 4 years.  As for Russia, he works during 6 years. But they both can serve only two terms.

4. Comparing Russia and Great Britain, we will see that  the governments in these countries are headed by Prime Ministers.

 5. There are three branches of power in each country: legislative, executive and judicial.

6. The legislative branch in these countries consists of two parts.

7. The Federal Assembly, the Congress, the House of Commons are elected by people.

4. The results of the survey show that

5. What is the ideal state? Our state is a Parliamentary democracy. The head of the state is a President. The Government consists of the Prime Minister and the cabinet. The legislative branch of power is the Congress. It is made up of two parts: the Senate and the House of Representatives. The judicial branch of power is represented by the Supreme Court and the Constitutional Court. There are different political parties in our state.

In our opinion, the ideal state is generally a challenging goal, but it should be pursued. To approach to it as close as possible, all people must have equal rights and duties. Politicians must not have personal interest in business. In the ideal state nobody is allowed to live in poverty. Everybody is to have proper health care and education regardless of their income. As the great philosopher Plato said: “The ideal state is one which satisfies the requirement of justice”.