Эрнест Хэмингуэй

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Ernest Hemingway is an outstanding American novelist, short story writer and journalist of the 20th century . Hemingway was born in 1899 in Oak Park, Illinois , was a son of a country doctor. Hemingway worked as a reporter for the Kansas City Star after graduating from high school .

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During World War I he served as an ambulance driver in France and in the Italian infantry and was wounded just before his 19th birthday. Later, while working in Paris as a correspondent for the Toronto Star, he became involved with the expatriate literary and artistic circle surrounding Gertrude Stein.

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With the publication of « The Sun Also Rises » (1926), he was recognized as the spokesman of the lost generation' (so called by Gertrude Stein). The novel describes a group of expatriates living in postwar Paris. They are disillusioned and take psychological refuge in such immediate physical activities as eating, drinking, travelling — and love-making.

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His next important novel, « A Farewell to Arms » (1929), tells of a tragic wartime love affair between an ambulance driver and an English nurse.

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Hemingway also published such volumes of short stories as « Men without Women » (1927) and « Winner Takes Nothing » (1933), as well as « The Fifth Column »

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Hemingway's nonfiction works, « Death in the Afternoon » (1932), about bullfighting, and « Green Hills of Africa » (1935), about big-game hunting, glorify bravery. From his experience in the Spanish Civil War came Hemingway's great novel, « For Whom the Bell Tolls » (1940), which, describing an incident in the war, argues for human brotherhood.

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His novel « The Old Man and the Sea » (1952) celebrates the courage of an aged Cuban fisherman. Among Hemingway's other works are the novels « To Have and Have Not » (1937) and « Across the River and into the Trees » (1950); he also edited an anthology of stories, « Men at War » (1942).

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He was awarded the Nobel Prize for literature in 1954. Unwilling to live with the inevitable physical aging, Hemingway committed suicide, as his father had done under similar circumstances.