"Политические метафоры"

Слайд 1

Слайд 2

Types of metaphors : Relating to the executive; Relating to legislation; Relating to elections; Relating to non-government organizations; Relating to the issues; Others.

Слайд 3

Relating to the executive: eminence grise ; figurehead; puppet government; star chamber.

Слайд 4

Relating to legislation: blank check; grandfather clause; poison pill; pork barrel legislation or patronage; rider.

Слайд 5

Relating to elections: character assassination; dark/black horse; landslide victory; muckraking; mudslinging; parachute candidate / carpetbagger; paper candidate; riding coattails; sacrificial lamb; stalking horse.

Слайд 6

Relating to non-government organizations: grassroots; astroturfing.

Слайд 7

Relating to the issues: wedge issue; third rail; straw man; sacred cow.

Слайд 8

Others: government in the sunshine; lame duck; melting pot; salad bowl.

Слайд 9

Eminence grise - literally, "grey man," from French. Colloquially, the power-behind-the-throne. An official close to the president or monarch who has so much power behind the scenes that he or she may double or serve as the monarch. Jean Léon Gerôme: L'Eminence Grise ист. Серое преосвященство (отец Джозеф – монах-францисканец, подручный и тайный агент кардинала Ришелье )

Слайд 10

Figurehead - a leader whose powers are entirely symbolic, such as a constitutional monarch

Слайд 11

Puppet government - a government that is manipulated by a foreign power for its own interests

Слайд 12

Star chamber - a secretive council or other group within a government that possesses the actual power, regardless of the government's overt form

Слайд 13

Blank check - legislation which is vaguely worded to the point where it can be widely exploited and abused

Слайд 14

Grandfather clause - A clause in legislation that forbids or regulates an activity so that those engaged in it are exempted from the ban

Слайд 15

Poison pill - a provision in an act or bill which defeat or undermines its initial purpose, or which make it politically unacceptable

Слайд 16

Pork barrel legislation or patronage - acts of government that blatantly favor special interest groups

Слайд 17

Rider - rider that attaches something new or unrelated to an existing bill. In legislative practice, a rider is an additional provision annexed to a bill under the consideration of a legislature, having little connection with the subject matter of the bill.

Слайд 18

Character assassination - spreading (usually) manufactured stories about a candidate with the intent to destroy his or her reputation in the eyes of the public

Слайд 19

Dark/black horse - a candidate who is largely ignored by opponents yet makes significant gains

Слайд 20

Landslide victory - a huge victory for one side

Слайд 21

Muckraking - uncovering and publicizing scandalous information about a person or organization

Слайд 22

Mudslinging - harsh partisan insults exchanged between candidates

Слайд 23

Parachute candidate / carpetbagger - a candidate who runs for election in an area which he or she is not a native resident or has no ties

Слайд 24

Paper candidate - a candidate who puts no effort into his campaign and is essentially just a name on the ballot

Слайд 25

Riding coattails - victories by local or state politicians because of the popularity of more powerful politicians

Слайд 26

Sacrificial lamb - a candidate who is put forward to run for office, by his party or others, but who has no chance of winning

Слайд 27

Stalking horse - a perceived front-runner candidate who unifies his or her opponents, usually within a single political party ( кандидатура, выдвигаемая на выборах для раскола оппозиции )

Слайд 28

Grassroots - a political movement driven by the constituents of a community

Слайд 29

Astroturfing - formal public relations campaigns in politics and advertising that seek to create the impression of being spontaneous, grassroots behavior

Слайд 30

Wedge issue - an issue which turns members of a party against each other

Слайд 31

Third rail - an issue which is so controversial, pursuing it or even attempting to address it could end one's political career

Слайд 32

Straw man - the practice of refuting an argument that is weaker than one's opponent actually offers, or which he simply has not put forth at all. A type of logical fallacy.

Слайд 33

Sacred cow - an institution which few dare question, because it is so revered

Слайд 34

Government in the sunshine - a government which keeps all its records and documents open and easily accessible by the public

Слайд 35

Lame duck - a politician who has lost an election, or who is serving his last term in an office where the law limits the number of times he may succeed himself, and is simply waiting for his term to expire

Слайд 36

Melting pot - a society in which all outsiders assimilate to one social norm

Слайд 37

Salad bowl - a society in which cultural groups retain their unique attributes (opposite of melting pot theory)

Слайд 38

Top Ten Metaphors of 2005

Слайд 39

Thank you for attention!!!