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Mary I – is she a real «Bloody» Queen?
Armizonova Victoria; 9 b
2022
Mary I was the first crowned queen of England since 1553, the eldest daughter of Henry VIII by his marriage to Catherine of Aragon. Also, known as Mary the Bloody (or Bloody Mary), Mary the Catholic. Her reign is generally considered tyrannically and unsuccessful, and most historians told about Mary as a rabid Catholic, fiercely opposed to Protestant heresy and blindly in love with her Spanish husband. But is it true? What was she like, Bloody Mary, and what made her so?
When Henry and Anne Boleyn married, Mary was literally left all alone, locked within the four walls of her chambers. Historians speculate that it was this childhood trauma that made the future queen so cruel. Mary was born on February 18th in 1516, when her mother, Catherine of Aragon, queen of England, for thirty years was almost desperate to produce a viable. Her babies were either born dead or died after a few weeks. "The most precious jewel of my kingdom" was what her father would affectionately call her in her early childhood. However, the girl was not given too much attention: her parents often held feasts and various tournaments. So, the girl was not naughty. Maria was extraordinary good-looking, just doll-like in beauty. The upbringing of the princess was entrusted to the fathers of the church - the educational plan was drawn up by the Spanish humanist Vives. In addition to learning languages like French, Latin, and Greek, Maria spent a lot of time studying the works of Christian poets. But the great efforts of her studies were, of course, paid to religion. Faith became an integral part of her life.
In 1522 Mary's father, Henry VIII, married her to Charles V.
In 1525 Mary received the title of Princess of Wales and she officially became the head to the throne of England.
At the age of thirty-seven Mary became the queen of England. The country was excommunicated from the Catholic Church. Monasteries and churches were destroyed; the treasury was grabbed by Edward VI's cronies: England was plunged
into poverty. In the first instance, the queen set about restoring the Catholic faith in the country and the reconstruction of the ruined monasteries began. Catholicism once again became the state religion. While she embarked on duty and coin reforms, Mary was concerned about the state of the royal treasury. Under her reign there was a rebellion called the Thomas Wyatt Rebellion, the only rebellion during Mary's reign. Several thousand men traveled to London to overthrow Mary and put in her place the same Jane Grey who was still held in the Tower. Mary quickly gathered supporters ready to oppose the rebellion and gave a speech to the people. In her speech she assured the English that her marriage would help consolidate peace and order in the state. On February 10th the first trial of the rebels took place in London. So, in two days 180 people were condemned. On February 12th in 1548 the first gallows began to be built in London. On the same day Jane Grey and Guildford Dudley were secretly beheaded in the Tower courtyard.
More than anything, the new queen desired reunion with Rome and the restoration of the Pope as head of the church. Re-establishing ties with Rome would mean not only formal submission to the will of the Pope, but also a financial burden in the form of tax deductions. In 1555 the fires erupted in England - the queen resorted to the execution of heretics by burning, which meant the imminent persecution of Protestants. In just 5 years in power, Mary had sent 283 people to the stake.
In the autumn of 1558, the queen formally appointed her sister Elizabeth as her successor. On November 17th, Queen Mary Tudor died.
The results of Maria’s short reign can hardly be called deplorable. Mary I (Tudor) came to the power at a difficult time for the history of England. It was the period when the restoration of its financial well-being, brought to a decline by the reforms of previous predecessors, Henry VIII and Edward VI required the immediate implementation of some measures. The return of Catholicism was quite logical. Maria was a staunch Catholic who had been persecuted during the previous reign. This reform was the cause of much discontent, as well as the cause of "bloody"
decisions: a huge number of protesters were sent to the bonfire. But her actions finally strengthened Protestantism in England. Mary herself was no always cruel - she was intelligent, like the rest of the Tudors, educated, showing mercy to the afflicted and poor; but her desire to destroy Protestantism in the country, however, gave her nickname: “the Bloody one”. Looking closely at the results of Queen Mary Tudor’s financial policies, it’s necessary to say that this ruler was given too little time to prove her love for her country and her people.
Д.С.Лихачёв. Письма о добром и прекрасном: МОЛОДОСТЬ – ВСЯ ЖИЗНЬ
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