Russian Presidents

 МБОУ  «Ухманская СОШ» Канашского района Чувашской Республики

Russian Presidents

                                                       Выполнила: ученица 9 класса,

                                             Петрова Ирина

Руководитель: Андреева Татьяна Николаевна,

                                                              учитель английского языка

Ухманы-  2013

Contents:

           1. Introduction.                                                                                    

           2. Russian presidents:

                   1) the first president

                    2) the second president              

                     3) the third president  

            3. My researches

           4. Conclusion.                                                                                      

            5. Literature.                                                                                        

1. Introduction

        The President of the Russian Federation is the head of the state, Supreme Commander-in-chief and holder of the highest office within the Russian Federation. However, he is not the head of the executive branch. The Government of Russia is the highest organ of executive power. The current president of Russia is Vladimir Putin.

        Before December 25, 1991 the head of the state was known as the President of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic.

       The election of the President is mainly regulated by the Presidential Election Law  and the Basic Guarantees of Electoral Rights (BGL).

       The Federation Council calls the presidential elections. If it does not call a presidential election that is due, the Central Election Commission will call the presidential election. The Election Day is the second Sunday of the month and the presidential electoral constituency is the territory of the Russian Federation as a whole.

        Each faction in the State Duma, the lower house of the Russian parliament has the right to nominate a candidate for the presidential elections. The minimum number of signatures for a presidential candidate fielded by a political party with no parliamentary representation is 100,000, down from 2 million before amendments to the law.

        The President is elected in a two-round system every six years, with a two consecutive term limitation. A candidate for office must be a citizen of the Russian Federation of at least 35 years old, and 'permanently lived' in Russia for at least 10 years. Prior to 2012, the term of office was four years. If no candidate wins by an absolute majority in the first round, a second election round is held between two candidates with the most votes. The last presidential election was in 2012, and the next is expected in 2018.  

2. Russian presidents

      There were only few elections of presidents  in Russia . We can name these names.

1) the first president

               Our first president was Boris Eltsin.

             He was  the first freely elected President of Russia  in  1991. On June, 12, 1991 Boris Yeltsin was elected as the first President of Russia with 57% of the vote, becoming the first popularly elected president . In June 1996 Boris Yeltsin was re-elected for a second term as President of the Russian Federation.

      Boris Yeltsin was born in a peasant family in the village of Butka, in the Talitsa district of Sverdlovsk Oblast in Russia on the February 1, 1931.  In 1991 he became the first popularly elected leader in the country’s history. Yeltsin attended the Urals Polytechnic Institute and worked at various construction projects in the Sverdlovsk oblast from 1955 to 1968, joining the Communist Party in 1961. In 1968 he began full-time work in the party and in 1976 became first secretary of the Sverdlovsk oblast party committee.

 Once Yeltsin took power, he moved to reform the newly capitalist and democratic country.  But Yeltsin never recovered his popularity after a series of economic and political crises in Russia in the 1990s. The Yeltsin era was marked by widespread corruption, economic collapse, and enormous political and social problems. After nine years as President, he decided that Russia needed a new leadership and resigned the position to Vladimir Putin. On 31st December 1999 President Yeltsin announced his retirement and appointed Vladimir Putin as his successor.

2) the second president

        Vladimir Putin was the second president of our country. In December 1999, Boris Yeltsin resigned as a president of Russia and appointed Putin acting president until official elections were held.  He became the  President in 1999, and was re-elected twice in 2000 and in 2004. Although he is widely criticized for human rights violations. In May 2008 he would become Russia's next Prime Minister as he was barred from running for another term as president. On March 4, 2012, Vladimir Putin was re-elected to the presidency, and he was inaugurated to his third term as Russia's president on May 7, 2012. Soon after taking office, he nominated Medvedev as a prime minister.

        Vladimir Putin was born on October 7, 1952 in Leningrad, USSR (now St.Petersburg, Russian Federation) into the family of a factory worker. While at school, he was fond of going  into sports and loved spy movies.

       Putin graduated from the International Law branch of the Law Department of the Leningrad State University in 1975. Upon graduation, he was sent to work for the national security agency known as the KGB.

        Vladimir Putin has been elected president of the Russian Federation for the third time. The inauguration ceremony took place at St.George’s Hall of the Moscow Kremlin on May 7, 2012. 

        In 1996 Putin moved to Moscow and in August became Deputy Chief of the Presidential Property Management Department headed by Pavel Borodin and shortly afterwards was appointed a chief of the Main Control Directorate of the Presidential Property Management Department.  In August 1999 he was appointed as a deputy prime minister.

     On December 31, 1999, President Boris Yeltsin unexpectedly resigned and, according to the constitution, Putin became Acting President of the Russian Federation.

      On March 26, 2000, Putin won in the first round of presidential elections with 52.94% of the vote. He was inaugurated as a president on May 7, 2000.

     On March 14, 2004, Putin was re-elected for a second term, receiving 71.31% of the vote.

      In April 2008, Putin was elected as a chairman of the United Russia Party. However, he didn’t become a member of the party.

    On May 7, 2008, Putin handed presidency to Medvedev.

     He served as a prime minister from May 8, 2008 to May 6, 2012.

     On March 4, 2012 Putin won the Russian presidential elections in the first round, with 63.6% of the vote. He speaks German and English fluently, and is a  Master of Sports in sambo and judo.

       He loves mountain skiing. Putin is married and has two daughters. He also has a much-loved pet, a female black Labrador Retriever named Koni.

3) the third president

        The third president was Dmitry Medvedev.  Dmitry Medvedev was born in Saint Petersburg, Russia, in 1965. He studied at the Saint Petersburg State University in law. He was appointed as Chairman of Gazprom by Vladimir Putin, in an effort to curb corruption. Medvedev is known as a sharp legal and business mind with an interest in economic reform. The son of university professors, he earned a law degree (1987) and then a doctorate (1990) at Leningrad State University. He became an assistant professor of law at the same school while also running his own consulting firms and working in local politics, where met Vladimir Putin. 

        In 2003 he was named Presidential Chief of Staff. In 2005 he was appointed as First Deputy Prime Minister. In 2008 he ran in the presidential elections and won with over 70% of the votes. The third  President of the Russian Federation was inaugurated on 7 May 2008. Medvedev was elected as a  President of Russia on 2 March 2008. According to the final election results, he won 70.28% (52,530,712) of votes with a turnout of over 69.78% of registered voters. The main other contenders, Gennady Zyuganov and Vladimir Zhirinovsky, received 17.72% and 9.35%, respectively. On May 7th 2012 he became the Prime Minister of Russia while Vladimir Putin became its president.

3. My researches

As of 2012 there were three former Presidents:

Do you trust our president

Who were the last 3 presidents of Russia  (B. Yeltsin, V. Putin, D. Medvedev )

Do you prefer the President or the Tsar in our country

4. Conclusion

4. Conclusion

            While working on the project I have learned many new facts about our presidents. I got more and more involved in the work and wanted to find some new and unknown things from their biographies.

I am sure the work I  have been doing as a citizen of our country is useful and necessary. I ought to know about our leaders. They are good examples of devotion to his people.

5. Literature

1. президент.рф

2. http://ru.wikipedia.org

3. http://www.kremlion.ru/president

4. http://images.yandex.ru