Презентация по теме: "Джаз"

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1700s – Music has always played an important role in African American culture. The roots of jazz can be traced back to the times of slavery where slave work songs were created in the form of “call-and-response.” To tell a story, and pass the time, a song leader would call out a line and the rest of the workers would res p ond to his call.

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1800s – During this era, America became known as the “land of opportunity.” Many Europeans immigrated to different American cities in search of fortune and a better life. With these immigrants came a variety of musical traditions as well, such as Irish gigs, German waltzes, and French quadrilles.The African American composer Scott Joplin combined these newly introduced European compositional styles with the rhythmic and melodic music of the black community. This became known as "ragtime."

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1900s – New Orleans played a great role in the evolution of jazz music in the 20th century. At this time, the people of New Orleans hailed from many different cultures. As new settlers arrived in New Orleans, musical traditions from all over the world began to unite. African American musicians merged European musical tradition with such music as blues, ragtime, and marching band to create a new style of music—jazz.

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1920s – African Americans began migrating to northern cities like Chicago and New York in search of better opportunity. With them, they brought the sounds of jazz and blues. Young Americans began to embrace this new style of music by listening and dancing to jazz and blues. This represented a rebellion against their parent’s old-fashioned views. Young women, known as "flappers," shocked their parents by cutting their hair and wearing shorter dresses.For the first time radios and record players were widely available in stores. This encouraged the popularity and growth of jazz music. Jazz went from being played only in New Orleans to becoming a staple of the American airwaves, dance halls, and homes.

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1930s – A new style of jazz, "big band swing," emerged. This became the most popular music of the 1930s and 40s. Because of its highly energetic beat, swing music brought people to the dance floor every night.

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1940s – Many jazz musicians were drafted to fight in World War II. A million African Americans served in the armed forces all because of the strict segregation that pervaded throughout the era. Because of this, bands were experiencing difficulties in finding musicians to perform in the dance halls.

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1970s – Present - Throughout the rest of the 20th century, jazz continued to evolve and take on new forms. The 1970’s saw the popularity of fusion; the 1980’s are known for acid jazz and its return to classic blues; the 1990’s introduced smooth jazz and retro swing.

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Louis Armstrong is regarded as the most influential musician in jazz history. He was born in poverty in New Orleans in 1901. His father was a workman, and his mother was a maid and a prostitute. His father abandoned the family soon after Louis’ birth. In the third grade, Armstrong dropped out of school. He spent his time roaming the red light district of Storyville with other boys. His delinquency eventually landed him in the Colored Waifs Home around age 12.

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This event was more of a blessing than a curse, as he was kept out of trouble and introduced to music. It was in the institution's band that he learned to play several instruments. He eventually settled on the cornet. As a teenager he set his heart upon becoming a musician, and he worked odd jobs while playing in a variety of bands. Armstrong’s talent quickly became recognized and he got a job as a professional musician on a steamboat. The job paid fifty dollars a week—the most money he had ever earned.

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In 1924, famous bandleader, Flecther Henderson, asked Armstrong to join his band in New York. He grew to mesmerize and captivate New York audiences with his musical style. He quickly became a major figure in the New York jazz scene.

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After spending one year in New York, Armstrong returned to Chicago. In 1926, he made his first recording under his own name; with a band he named The Hot Five.

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Armstrong is also known for creating the technique known as “scat singing.” This singing in nonsense syllables and improvised sound became a trend amongst jazz musicians in that time.

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It was not long before Armstrong reached international fame. When he moved back to New York in 1929, he performed on Broadway, played in movies, and recorded much more music. He continued to bring joy and inspiration to mass audiences through his music until his death in 1971.

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Bandleader and composer, Miles Davis’ music is regarded as the most important in the development of improvisational techniques. Born on May 26, 1926 in Alton, Illinois, Miles Dewey Davis belonged to a middle class family. He grew up playing in his high school band as well as in several local R&B groups. Noticing his love and talent for music, Davis' father sent him to Juliard to study music. He, however, did not spend much time there. Instead he dropped out to play with Charlie Parker's quintet from 1946 to 1948.

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Davis continued to play with different musicians throughout the 1940’s. The 1950’s, however, proved to be a trying time in his life. Addicted to heroine, Davis became a disappointing performer. Fortunately, he sought treatment for his addiction, and by the middle of the decade he began playing again. Davis formed his first quintet, comprised of himself, John Coltrane, Red Garland, Paul Chambers, and Philly Joe Jones. This group became very popular and recorded several essential albums such as Cookin', Steamin', Workin', and Relaxin'.

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Davis ended the decade by recording one of the best known jazz albums of all time, Kind of Blue. In the 1970’s, Davis realized that rock was quickly replacing jazz as the music of choice. In order to maintain h is career, Davis began to perform with an electronic band. From this was created Bitches Brew, the best-selling jazz album of all time. Davis’ music continued to evolve and inspire until his death on September 28, 1991.