VIKINGS.

Проектная работа

«VIKINGS»

ученика 7Б класса

ГБОУ СОШ № 629 г. Москвы

Отряскина Ярослава

Руководитель работы – учитель английского языка Баева М.Л.

Цели и задачи:

1. Изучить историю древнего народа – Викингов -  и изложить ее на английском языке.
2. Изучить культуру, язык, алфавит викингов.
3. Показать влияние народа Викингов на историю мира.
4. Рассказать о закате эпохи викингов.

VIKINGS

From the end of the eighth century to the Middle of the eleventh century the Vikings were one of the most important and powerful groups of people in  Europe. They came from the Scandinavian countries of Denmark, Norway and Sweden, but they travelled to other places. These include Iceland, Greenland, Great Britain, Ireland, France, Spain, North Africa, Russia, Turkey and North America.

Viking society

There were four different groups in Vikings society:

1 ROYAL FAILIES

2 CHIEFTAINS

3 KARL

4 THRALLS

Viking towns

But most Vikings stayed in their home countries of Norway, Denmark or Sweden and lived peaceful lives in Denmark, and in Germany and Birka  in  Sweden.

Towns were often near the sea or rivers, so ships could arrive easily. It was an important place for people to buy and sell lots of different objects, including clothes, food, plates, jewelers and many other useful things. Typical Viking houses were called longhouses.

They work as farmers, blacksmiths, carpenters, shipbuilders and weavers.

Vikings women

Viking women were more independent than women from other societies at that time. They could choose their own husbands, get divorced, receive money of their own and sometimes work. The women looked after the children. They made clothes and shoes.

They looked after the animals, milked the cows, made butter and cheese and did all the cooking.

Religion

Early Vikings believed in the power of the Scandinavian gods. Here are some of the most important gods:      

            Odin

        Thor

      Frey

   Freya

Sagas

The Vikings are famous for their stories, called sagas.

1 SAGAS ABOUT THE SAINTS.

2 SAGAS  ABOUT  THE  KINGS.

3 SAGAS ABOUT  FAILIES.

4 SAGAS ABOUT KNIGHTS.

5 SAGAS ABOUT LEGENDS.

One famous saga is Grettir saga.

Raiding and exploring

In the West:

We cannot be certain, but archaeologists believe that the Vikings arrived in North America. Today in the USA Americans celebrate 9 October as Leif Eriksson Day.

In the East:

Going east was very important for trade. Viking traders often travelled to Russia and down rives into East Europe, buying and selling many objects.

In the 9th century over 200 000 people lived there, and it was an important trade centre between Europe and the East.

At the first they wanted control of the area, so they often attacked it. They could not do that, because Constantinople was too big and powerful for them. Then they decided to start trading there and took thralls, furs, swords and many other objects to sell. They then bought objects to take back to Scandinavia, such as silk from China and India and silver coins from Arabia.

Warriors

The Vikings weren’t afraid of fighting as they believed that it was good to die bravely. When a warrior died in battle he went to live with Odin, the king of the gods.

They wanted a better life for themselves and their families. Others went on raids because they wanted to find new places to live.

These are their protective clothing, berserks and weapons:

Longships

They were good at the building very nice ships which they called Longships.

Language

People from Norway, Denmark and Sweden all spoke different languages, so we cannot say there was none Vikings language. But the Vikings used many words which are coon words in modern English.

Verbs: are, call, die, get, give, hit, take, want.

Nouns: egg, husband, ill, knife, leg, race, seat, sister, skirt, sky, window.  

Pronouns: they, their.

Vikings used the runic alphabet. It had twenty-four letters:

The end of the Vikings

The end of the Vikings power came slowly during the 11 century.

In Scandinavia the people generally lived in peace. Trade was still important as they travelled both east and west, but their time as dangerous warriors was over. Their great adventures became part of the sagas.