Презентация Modern Technologies 11 класс

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Nanotechnology - the interdisciplinary field of fundamental and applied science and technology, which deals with the collection of theoretical basis and practical methods of investigation, analysis, and synthesis, as well as methods for the production and use of products with a given atomic structure by controlled manipulation of individual atoms and molecules.

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Today in the world there is no standard for how what nanotechnology is, what is nano . The European Commission set up a special group, which was given two years to ensure that the classification developed nano . Among the approaches to the definition of "nanotechnology" are the following: 1.In the Technical Committee under the nanotechnology means: A. knowledge and process management, as a rule, on a scale of 1 nm, but does not exclude the scale of less than 100 nanometers in one or more dimensions, when the commissioning of the size effect (phenomenon) leads to the possibility of new applications; B. Using the properties of objects and materials at the nanometer scale, which differ from those of the free atoms and molecules, as well as the bulk properties of a substance consisting of the atoms and molecules to create improved materials, devices, systems that implement these properties. 2.Soglasno "Concept of the Russian Federation works in the field of nanotechnology for the period up to 2010" Nanotechnology is defined as a set of methods and techniques that provide a controlled way to create and modify objects, including components with dimensions less than 100 nm in at least one dimension, and has resulted in a completely new quality, which they can be integrated into a fully functioning system of larger scale.

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The practical aspect of nanotechnology involves the production of devices and components necessary for the creation, processing and manipulation of atoms, molecules and nanoparticles . It is understood that it is not necessarily the object must have at least one linear dimension less than 100 nm - be it micro-objects, which is controlled by the atomic structure is created with a resolution at the level of individual atoms, or else contain a nano -objects. In a broader sense, the term also covers diagnosis, characterization and study of such objects.

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Nanotechnology and molecular technology in particular - new, very little studied discipline. Basic discoveries predicted in this area until you do. However, ongoing research has given practical results. The use of nanotechnology in advanced scientific achievements can attribute it to the high technology. The development of modern electronics is on the way to reduce the size of devices. On the other hand, the classical methods of production suited to its natural economic and technological barriers when the device size is reduced slightly, but the economic costs are increasing exponentially. Nanotechnology - the next logical step in the development of electronics and other high-tech industries.

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The latest achievements Nanomaterials Materials developed based on nanoparticles with unique characteristics resulting from the microscopic size of their constituents. Carbon nanotubes Fullerenes Graphene Nanocrystals Aerogel Airbrush Nanoakkumulyatory

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Carbon nanotubes - elongated cylindrical structure with a diameter of one to several tens of nanometers and lengths up to several centimeters, consisting of one or more rolled into a tube of hexagonal planes of graphite ( graphene ), and usually end with a hemispherical cap.

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Fullerenes - molecular compounds belonging to the class of allotropic forms of carbon (other - diamond, graphite and carbyne ) and is a closed convex polyhedron made of an even number of carbon atoms trehkoordinirovannyh .

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Graphene - a monolayer of carbon atoms, obtained in October 2004 at the University of Manchester (The University Of Manchester). Graphene can be used as a detector molecule (NO2), which allows to detect the arrival and departure of single molecules. The charge carriers in graphene have high mobility at room temperature, so that will solve the problem as soon as the formation of the band gap in this semimetal, discuss graphene as a promising material to replace silicon in integrated circuits.

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N anocrystals is sinteticheski material with incredible characteristics that mimic sapphire, emerald, opal, and many other precious and semi-precious stones.

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A erogel Is a very light porous material

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Airbrush - the hardest material

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Nanoakkumulyatory - at the beginning of 2005, Altair Nanotechnologies (USA) announced the creation of an innovative nanotechnology material for electrodes of lithium-ion batteries. Battery with Li4Ti5O12 electrodes are charging time 10-15 minutes. In February 2006, the company began production of the batteries at its plant in Indiana. In March 2006, Altairnano and Boshart Engineering Company signed an agreement to create a joint electric car. In May 2006, successfully completed the test car nanoakkumulyatorov . In July 2006, Altair Nanotechnologies has received the first order for lithium-ion batteries for electric vehicles.

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Research methods Due to the fact that nanotechnology - an interdisciplinary science for research using the same methods as the "classical" biology, chemistry, physics. One relatively new research methods in the field of nanotechnology is a scanning probe microscopy. Currently in the research labs are not only "classic" probe microscopes, and SPM in combination with optical microscopes, electron microscopes, spectrometers, Raman (Raman) scattering and fluorescence ultramicrotome (for the three-dimensional structure of the materials.)