Муниципальное общеобразовательное учреждение

«Средняя общеобразовательная школа №8 Волжского района г. Саратова»

Artificial intelligence.

How it affects on our routine life.

Выполнила:

ученица 9 Б класса

МОУ «СОШ № 8»

Бухарбаева  Айсулу

Научный руководитель: учитель английского языка

 Аржанухина Ксения Анатольевна

г. Саратов

INTRODUCTION

The influence of neurosets and artificial intelligence on our lives becomes increasingly tangible every day. They help us solve many tasks, ranging from speech and image recognition and ending with different devices.

With neurosets we can improve the quality of life by optimizing the work of various systems such as transport, energy, medicine, etc. They can also help us in solving complex tasks that were previously unavailable for human beings.

However, it should be remembered that neural networks and artificial intelligence may have negative consequences if they are used incorrectly. It is therefore important to develop these technologies, taking into account ethical and social aspects, to benefit all people.

Contents:

Introduction………………………………………………………..…….2

1. The main part…………………………………………………………4

    1.1 History....................................................................................…4

    1.2 What is artificial intelligence (AI)………………...………….…..4

    1.3 How does AI work?………………......………………………….4

    1.4 What are the advantages and disadvantages of AI?..............…..6

            1.4.1 Advantages……….……………………………………….6

            1.4.2 Disadvantages………………………………………..…...7

    1.6 What are examples of AI technology and how it used today?....7

2. Supplement……………………………………………………….........10

       2.1 Survey……………………………………………………............10

Conclusion………………………………………………………….…….11

Sources…………………………………………………………...………11

PURPOSE

      The purpose of my project is to expand knowledge about Artificial intelligence and  make a plunge into some unexplored and fascinating facts.

HISTORY

       The term artificial intelligence was coined in 1956, but AI has become more popular today thanks to increased data volumes, advanced algorithms, and improvements in computing power and storage.

Early AI research in the 1950s explored topics like problem solving and symbolic methods. In the 1960s, the US Department of Defense took interest in this type of work and began training computers to mimic basic human reasoning. For example, the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) completed street mapping projects in the 1970s. And DARPA produced intelligent personal assistants in 2003, long before Siri, Alexa or Cortana were household names.

This early work paved the way for the automation and formal reasoning that we see in computers today, including decision support systems and smart search systems that can be designed to complement and augment human abilities.

While Hollywood movies and science fiction novels depict AI as human-like robots that take over the world, the current evolution of AI technologies isn’t that scary – or quite that smart. Instead, AI has evolved to provide many specific benefits in every industry.

WHAT IS ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI) 

        Artificial intelligence is the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. Specific applications of AI include expert systems, natural language processing, speech recognition and machine vision.

HOW DOES AI WORK?

         As became popular, vendors have been scrambling to promote how their products and services use it. Often, what they refer to as AI is simply a component of the technology, such as machine learning. AI requires a foundation of specialized hardware and software for writing and training machine learning algorithms. No single programming language is synonymous with AI, but Python, R, Java, C++ and Julia have features popular with AI developers.

In general, AI systems work by ingesting large amounts of labeled training data, analyzing the data for correlations and patterns, and using these patterns to make predictions about future states. In this way, a chatbot that is fed examples of text can learn to generate lifelike exchanges with people, or an image recognition tool can learn to identify and describe objects in images by reviewing millions of examples. New, rapidly improving generative AI techniques can create realistic text, images, music and other media.

AI programming focuses on cognitive skills that include the following:

• Learning. This aspect of AI programming focuses on acquiring data and creating rules for how to turn it into actionable information. The rules, which are called algorithms, provide computing devices with step-by-step instructions for how to complete a specific task.
• Reasoning. This aspect of AI programming focuses on choosing the right algorithm to reach a desired outcome.
• Self-correction. This aspect of AI programming is designed to continually fine-tune algorithms and ensure they provide the most accurate results possible.
• Creativity. This aspect of AI uses neural networks, rules-based systems, statistical methods and other AI techniques to generate new images, new text, new music and new ideas.

WHAT ARE ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE?

         Artificial neural networks and deep learning AI technologies are quickly evolving, primarily because AI can process large amounts of data much faster and make predictions more accurately than humanly possible.

While the huge volume of data created on a daily basis would bury a human researcher, AI applications using machine learning can take that data and quickly turn it into actionable information. As of this writing, a primary disadvantage of AI is that it is expensive to process the large amounts of data AI programming requires. As AI techniques are incorporated into more products and services, organizations must also be attuned to AI's potential to create biased and discriminatory systems, intentionally or inadvertently.

Advantages of AI

The following are some advantages of AI.

• Good at detail-oriented jobs. AI has proven to be just as good, if not better than doctors at diagnosing certain cancers, including breast cancer and melanoma.
• Reduced time for data-heavy tasks. AI is widely used in data-heavy industries, including banking and securities, pharma and insurance, to reduce the time it takes to analyze big data sets. Financial services, for example, routinely use AI to process loan applications and detect fraud.
• Saves labor and increases productivity. An example here is the use of warehouse automation, which grew during the pandemic and is expected to increase with the integration of AI and machine learning.
• Delivers consistent results. The best AI translation tools deliver high levels of consistency, offering even small businesses the ability to reach customers in their native language.
• Can improve customer satisfaction through personalization. AI can personalize content, messaging, ads, recommendations and websites to individual customers.
• AI-powered virtual agents are always available. AI programs do not need to sleep or take breaks, providing 24/7 service.

Disadvantages of AI

The following are some disadvantages of AI.

• Expensive.
• Requires deep technical expertise.
• Limited supply of qualified workers to build AI tools.
• Reflects the biases of its training data, at scale.
• Lack of ability to generalize from one task to another.
• Eliminates human jobs, increasing unemployment rates.

WHAT ARE EXAMPLES OF AI AND HOW IS IT USED TODAY?

         AI is incorporated into a variety of different types of technology. Here are examples.

Robotics. This field of engineering focuses on the design and manufacturing of robots. Robots are often used to perform tasks that are difficult for humans to perform or perform consistently. For example, robots are used in car production assembly lines or by NASA to move large objects in space.

Text, image and audio generation. Generative AI techniques, which create various types of media from text prompts, are being applied extensively across businesses to create a seemingly limitless range of content types from photorealistic art to email responses and screenplays.

Online shopping and advertising. Artificial intelligence is widely used to provide personalised recommendations to people, based for example on their previous searches and purchases or other online behaviour. AI is hugely important in commerce: optimising products, planning inventory, logistics etc.

Web search. Search engines learn from the vast input of data, provided by their users to provide relevant search results.

Digital personal assistants. Smartphones use AI to provide services that are as relevant and personalised as possible. Virtual assistants answering questions, providing recommendations and helping organise daily routines have become ubiquitous.

Machine translations. Language translation software, either based on written or spoken text, relies on artificial intelligence to provide and improve translations. This also applies to functions such as automated subtitling.

Smart homes, cities and infrastructure. Smart thermostats learn from our behaviour to save energy, while developers of smart cities hope to regulate traffic to improve connectivity and reduce traffic jams.

Cars. While self-driving vehicles are not yet standard, cars already use Al-powered safety functions. Navigation is largely Al-powered.

Cybersecurity. AI systems can help recognise and fight cyberattacks and other cyber threats based on the continuous input of data, recognising patterns and backtracking the attacks.

Artificial intelligence against Covid-19. In the case of Covid-19, AI has been used in thermal imaging in airports and elsewhere. In medicine it can help recognise infection from computerised tomography lung scans. It has also been used to provide data to track the spread of the disease.

Fighting disinformation. Certain AI applications can detect fake news and disinformation by mining social media information, looking for words that are sensational or alarming and identifying which online sources are deemed authoritative.

Health. Researchers are studying how to use AI to analyse large quantities of health data and discover patterns that could lead to new discoveries in medicine and ways to improve individual diagnostics.

For example, researchers developed an AI program for answering emergency calls that promises to recognise a cardiac arrest during the call faster and more frequently than medical dispatchers.

Transport. AI could improve the safety, speed and efficiency of rail traffic by minimising wheel friction, maximising speed and enabling autonomous driving.

Food and farming. AI can be used in creating a sustainable food system: it can ensure healthier food by minimising the use of fertilisers, pesticides and irrigation; help productivity and reduce the environmental impact. Robots could remove weeds, lowering the use of herbicides, for example.

Many farms across the European Union already use AI to monitor the movement, temperature and feed consumption of their animals.

Public administration and services. Using a wide range of data and pattern recognition, AI could provide early warnings of natural disasters and allow for efficient preparation and mitigation of consequences.

Survey

I conducted a survey with a few questions among 20 students of my class. Results:

1. Are you using artificial intelligence?

Yes – 85% - 17 people

No – 15% - 3 people

2. Have you ever faced the negative consequences of using AI?

Yes – 50% - 10 people

No – 50% - 10 people

      3. Which type of AI do you use more often?

Text, image and audio generation – 73 out of 100

Navigation – 61 out of 100

Smart homes, cities and infrastructures – 48 out of 100

Digital personal assistants – 51 out of 100

Conclusion

Artificial intelligence has a significant impact on the various aspects of our life. It improves the quality of service, optimizes business processes, helps in medicine, transport, security and many other areas. However, with the development of AI there are new challenges such as ethical and security issues. It is therefore important to continue research and development in the field of AI to use its potential to improve people`s and address global problems.

Sources

1. URL: https://cloud.google.com/learn/what-is-artificial-intelligence
2. URL: https://icoverage.io/
3. Artificial Intelligence Basics A Non-Technical Introduction by Tom Taulli URL: https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-1-4842-5028-0
4. The History of Artificial Intelligence by Chris Smith,Brian McGuire, Ting Huang URL: https://courses.cs.washington.edu/courses/csep590/06au/projects/history-ai.pdf
5. Advantages of Artificial Intelligences Uploads and Digital Minds by Kaj Sotala URL: https://www.academia.edu/386600/Advantages_of_artificial_intelligences_uploads_and_digital_minds
6. URL: https://www.ibm.com/topics/artificial-intelligence
7. URL: https://www.britannica.com/technology/artificial-intelligence/Alan-Turing-and-the-beginning-of-AI
8. URL: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_intelligence