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МИНИСТЕРСТВО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ СТАВРОПОЛЬСКОГО КРАЯ

ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ БЮДЖЕТНОЕ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОЕ УЧРЕЖДЕНИЕ

СРЕДНЕГО ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ

«ПРАСКОВЕЙСКИЙ СЕЛЬСКОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННЫЙ ТЕХНИКУМ»

ИНОСТРАННЫЙ ЯЗЫК

Учебное пособие для работы

с текстами по специальности

 для студентов 3, 4 курсов

 специальности: 260107 «Технология бродильных производств и виноделие»

         110401 «Агрономия»

         110812 «Технология производства и переработки                                                                                                                                                  

                       сельскохозяйственной продукции»            

Рассмотрено на заседании

предметно-цикловой комиссии

общеобразовательных дисциплин

Председатель:

______________ Михайлова Н.Г.

        2012 г.

Пособие рассчитано на обеспечение студентов необходимым уровнем теоретических и практических знаний  по специальности на иностранном языке. Оно включает в себя тексты по специальностям в соответствии с программой, утвержденной предметно-цикловой комиссией

Автор:   преподаватель иностранного языка МихайловаТ.А._____________

Рецензент: преподаватель иностранного языка

Глобина Л.А._____________

ВВЕДЕНИЕ

Изучение иностранных языков служит решению задач всестороннего воспитания и гармоничного развития личности, поднятию общего уровня знаний и культуры, способствует воспитанию студентов в духе прогрессивных идей.

Цель изучения иностранного языка в техникуме – дальнейшее совершенствование навыков чтения и перевода художественной литературы, специальной литературы, текстов повышенной трудности по специальности с помощью словаря, а также развитие навыков устной речи.

Методическая организация предлагаемого учебного материала является оптимальным сочетанием языковой и коммуникативной практики.

В нем систематизирован лексический материал подлежащий активному усвоению студентами 3, 4 курсов, с учетом наличия комплекса упражнений с использованием данных сопоставительного изучения языка и целенаправленной работы по расширению кругозора.

Формулировка заданий, содержание текстов, упражнений решают основные коммуникативные задачи: обеспечение максимальной мыслительной активности студентов, формирование адекватно коммуникативного поведения; формирование языковой компетенции.

    Учебно- методическое  пособие  содержит  материал, с помощью  которого  ведется целенаправленная  работа по  чтению текстов по специальности.  Данный  вид  деятельности  студентов   предполагает чтение  с пониманием  полного  содержания прочитанного.  Для  чтения  предлагаются   научные  тексты  с большим  содержанием  специальной  лексики.

     Пособие  состоит  из 22 текстов и  заданий  к ним: ответить  на  вопросы, выписать и выучить слова по специальности, написать английские эквиваленты.

Текст № 1

1. Переведите текст:

America is not a wine drinking nation. The average American drinks two bottles a year of table wine. In America the most popular beverage is milk, then follows soda and beer. But America is major wine producing nation. In the country are produced table wines and sparkling wines.

Let's talk about fortified wines. Fortified wines contain between 17 and 21 percent alcohol by volume. Fortified wines include Sherry, Port, Madeira, Marsala, Vermouth and various aperitifs are flavored with herbs. Fortified wines are dry or sweet. They are served before or after a meal and can be enjoyed any time during the day.

  2. Ответьте на вопросы:        

1. Is America a wine drinking nation?
2. What beverage is the most popular in America?
3. What wines produced in America?
4. How much percent alcohol do fortified wines contain?
5. Is Vermouth flavored with herbs?
6. When are fortified wines served?

Текст № 2

1. Переведите текст:

Wine doesn't even need special eguipment. You have glasses. You have a cockcrow. That's it. Your glasses for wine must be large and clear small glasses are not suitable, they have to be filled to the top. A wine-glass should never be more than half full.

A good wine-glass, in short, is a big one, clear and uncolored, with a stem and a round or roundish bowl, cupping in towards the top to embrace the wine's bouguet. A glass like this is perfect for any wine. A glass which is good for one wine is good for all wines.

It remarkably hard to convince people that sediment in wine is harmless and natural. More than that, it is a good sign. It means that wine is natural and unhampered with. If wine has been pasteurized, put through fine filters or otherwise denatured it is possible to avoid sediment, either in the short run or the long. But it is no longer natural wine.

Red wine, especially, of any age should have a few black dregs in it. But stand a bottle of wine which you are going to open up in the kitchen twelve or even six hours ahead and the sediment will settle at the bottom.

     2. Ответьте на вопросы:

1. What glasses are suitable for wine?
2. Is it necessary to use different kinds of wine glasses? How do you think?
3. Is sediment in wine harmless and natural?
4. What do a few black dregs mean in red wine?
5. Is it possible to settle them at the bottom?

Текст № 3

  1. Переведите текст:

A wine label tells us where the wine comes from. The most wine names are place-names. There is an intimate connection between wine and geography. Evidently the characteristics of a wine are closely allied to the soil that produced it.

      Wine laws began to be established in Europe at the beginning of the century. These laws protected the wine consumer. The label on a bottle had to be a true indication of where the wine comes from. The label must show the way a wine is made, its alcoholic content, the grape varieties used.

      When you taste a wine the important thing to remember is not what the label looks like, but rather what it tells you about the   exact origin of the wine you have in your glass.

  2.Ответьте на вопросы:

l. What tells us a wine label?

2. Are the most wine names place-names?

3. Is there a connection   between   wine   and geography?

4. Did wine   laws protect the consumer?

5. What must show the label?

6. What do we remember while testing a wine?

Текст № 4

        1. Переведите текст:

Something about wine

Millions of people the world over drink wine as casually as we drink coffee or soda; yet many Americans still assume that wine drinking is a  complicated ritual, requiring speculated knowledge and elaborate equipment. Since air the equipment you rеallу need is a corkscrew and a glass, serving wine at dinner should be as simple as pouring a glass of beer.    

 America is not a wine drinking nation. In France, Italy, Spain and Portugal, for example wine is taken for granted as the daily beverage of its citizens. In America the most popular beverage is milk followed by soda and beer. The annual consumption of wine in France and Italy is more than 200 bottles per person: the average American drinks two bottles a year of table wine.     Nor is America a major wine producing nation, it has an annual production that amounts to less than 3 percent of the world's total. Argentina makes three times as much wine as America do, Russia twice as much.

2.Ответьте на вопросы:

1. Is wine drinking a complicated ritual? What does this ritual require?
2. Is America a wine-drinking nation?
3. Where is wine taken for granted?
4. What beverage is most popular in America?        

Текст № 5

1. Прочтите текст:

          Although Britain is the main export market for Australian wine the British have, sad to say, little respect for what they buy. Statistics say, that three bottles of fortified wine are drunk in Australia for every one of natural table wine and that the great wine country is addicted to beer. If they buy a bottle of Australian wine the odds are ten to one it will be sweet, heavy and dull in no way comparable with the wine they are used to from just over the Channel. There are fine wines, and they are poorly distributed, and very difficult for someone who is used to European wines to understand.

            For example, Riesling is the name of the great German grape; its name appears on Australian bottles. But it,s not Riesling, and does not taste of Riesling. If you want a real Riesling, you must ask for a Rhine Riesling.

            Most of the confusion arises from the use of European wine-names. Australians want their wine to be judged on its own merits. But this will only be possible when they will get what they have been asking for all along the respect, attention and the sales that they deserve.

2.  Выпишите и переведите подчеркнутые слова:
3. Найдите английские эквиваленты и выпишите их из текста:

1.вместо одной бутылки настоящего столового вина

2.увлекаться пивом

3.нет никакого сравнения

4.кто привык к европейским винам

5.по вкусу не похоже на…

4. Ответьте на вопросы:

1. What state is the main export market for Australian wines?
2. Are Australian wines well distributed?
3. Does Australian Riesling taste of a real Riesling?
4. What do Australian want?
5. When will their wines get respect and attention?

Текст № 6

1. Прочитайте текст

Champagne

      Champagne has an incomparably fresh and delicate taste of grapes. There is hardly any sugar in it at all, but just enough to balance a slight acidity. Champagne has an extraordinarily smell- you can smell a bottle being opened in the next garden. Finally it has a perfect mill-race of pin-point bubbles. The total effect of the wine is one of richness, it is completely dry, and never cloys. No other wines have these qualities all together.

     The name of Champagne is borrowed by anything that wants to sound expensive. But it is one of the few world-famous wines which does not have an English name. It came from France.

     The vineyards of Champagne, a small county of French soil, are the nearest to Britain. It is neither majestic nor pretty country, but simply peaceful. The chalk soil is perfect for a clean, dry white wine. But being so far north the harvest is late, and the grapes are not over-full of sugar when they are picked. So they ferment slowly, and they are still in the last stages of fermentation when the winter begins. Cold weather stops the fermentation. But when the spring comes and the temperature of the wine slowly rises it begins to ferment again. It is used to make Champagne a sparkling wine.

2. Выпишите подчеркнутые слова и переведите их.
3. Переведите текст.
4. Ответьте письменно на вопросы:

1. Is there any sugar in Champagne?
2. Does Champagne have a smell?
3. Does it have an English smell?
4. Are the grapes full of sugar when they are picked?
5. What is used to make Champagne a sparkling wine?

Текст № 7

1. Прочитайте текст

How Wine is Made

     The difference between grape-juice, simple and sweet, and wine with all its qualities of keeping, of maturing and finally of inspiring, is the process of fermentation. Sugar in this process is transformed into alcohol: grape-juice becomes wine.

     Fermentation comes natural to grapes. Everything needed to make wine is there already when the grape has ripened on the vine.

     In the final stages of ripening yeast cells appear on the skin of the grape. This is their object, and turns it into alcohol.

     Only a grape has enough sugar for this to happen naturally. So-called wines are made from other fruit, but they all need extra sugar. About 30 per cent of the juice of ripe grape is sugar.

     The most important things about wine are pressing and fermentation. Large wine properties now have presses and mechanical crushers to break the grapes.  They press the grapes against the slatted sides and forces out their nice without crushing their pipes, which contain unwanted and evil-tasting substance. The biggest presses are in Champagne. They can press four tons of  grapes at a time.

    Fermentation is the process when the yeast cells get to work; it produce turbulent eruptions in the juice. Not only alcohol is made, but carbon dioxide gas is given off in large quantities.

   On an average there will be about 10 per cent of alcohol in red wine. 11 or so-in  white. There is no sugar in left and the wine is completely dry.

2. Ответьте на вопросы

1. When does grape-juice become wine?

2. How does termination come to grape?

3. What is the most important things about wine?

4. Where are the biggest presses?

5. How many percent of alcohol has wine?

Текст № 8

1.  Прочитайте текст.                          

Kinds of wine

     There are table wine, sparkling wine and fortified wine.

Wine in which alcohol concentration is about 15 percent and which is made without any diversions from natural processes we call a table wine, it is red or white or pink according to where the juice was separated from the skins before or after fermentation, and according to what color of grapes  it was made from.

     Techniques of making wine to stay sweet by keeping its natural sugar or making it to sparkle by keeping its natural gas and fermentation make up the three principal classes of wine: natural, sparkling and fortified.

     Champagne is the greatest and best-known sparkling wine. It is the question of bottling the wine before the fermentation is quite finished, so that some of the natural carbon dioxide is trapped in the bottle.

     Port is the typical fortified wine. The object is to make it as sweet as possible. It is done by starting the fermentation in the usual way until there at least 15 percent alcohol and then suddenly emptying grapes out of the tank where they are fermenting into a barrel a quarter full of brandy. The alcohol level is immediately raised to the point where the yeast cells are stupefied and can do no more.

     Half the sugar remains in wine. It is very strong and very sweet at the same time.

     Sherry is a fortified wine, but is made in a different way.

2.Ответьте на вопросы:

1. What kinds of wine do you know?
2. What is table wine?
3. What is the typical fortified wine?
4. What is the greatest and best known sparkling wine?
5. How much sugar does remain in wine?

Текст №9

1. Выпишите подчеркнутые слова и переведите их.

     2.Прочтите и переведите текст:

What is wine

     Wine is the grape-juice. The difference between grape-juice, simple and sweet, and wine is the process of fermentation. When the sugar is transformed into alcohol: grape-juice becomes wine.

 roots of  the vine. It is the first of many strange and some- despite modern research- mysterious circumstances which go to make wine not only the most delicious, but the greatest drink in the world.

     Wine is the most pleasant subject to discuss. It is associated with the moment when people are at their best; with relaxation, leisurely meals and the free flow of ideas.

      The field of the subject of wine is never-ending. It embraces botany, chemistry, agriculture, carpentry and economics- any number of sciences whose names we do not even know.

      Wine brings you into friendly contact with some of the most skillful and devoted craftsmen, it leads you up paths of knowledge and by ways of expertise you would never glimpse without it.

      Wine has the most valuable quality that art has: it makes ideas, people, incidents, places, sensation seem large than life.

3. Ответьте на вопросы:

1. What is wine?
2. Where does vine the drop of liquid out of?
3. What is associated with the word “ wine”?
4. What does the field of the subject of wine embrace?
5. What quality has wine?

Текст №10

1. Переведите текст:

Wine and time

     It is wrong to assume that because a wine is older it is better. Tales of wonderful cobwebby old bottles have led to a general belief that age is in itself a good thing for wine. It is only partially true. There are wines which need a long time to mature. But there are others which are ruined by being kept for even as much as a year or two.

     As a rule, red wine needs more time to mature and reach its best; white wine needs less. The making of red wine, which involves the skins and the pips as well as the juice of the grapes, leaves extra substances dissolved; above all tannin. This gives the wine the quality of hardness, of drying up your mouth.

     These extras need time to resolve themselves, to carry out slow and obscure chemical changes which make all the difference in the world to the eventual glass of wine. The better the wine, the longer it takes.

     Its life-cycle is very like that of man. It develops until it riches maturity. It stays at its peak for longer or less long; it declines and grows feeble; it finally dies. When it is dead it corrupts and grows rotten.

     When a wine is bottled it has time to take, so to speak, a deep breath of oxygen from the air on its way from cask to bottle. Once in the bottle the air supply is short but it still, apparently, exists. Oxygen finds its way either through the cork or through the tiny space between cork and glass.

     2.Ответьте на вопросы:

1. Is it right or wrong to assume that age is a good thing for wine?
2. What wine needs more time to mature and what less?
3. What gives the wine the quality of hardness?
4.  Is wine better when the making is longer?
5. Is the life-cycle of wine very like that of man?

     3.Найдите английские эквиваленты и выпишите их из текста:

1.неверно предполагать, что……

2. частичная правда

3.изготовление вина

4.чем лучше…..,тем дольше….

5.жизненный путь,  цикл

Текст №11

1. Прочтите текст:

Wine in Britain

     There is no reason why wine should not be grown in England. At the present time there are only three commercial vineyards in small- scale production.

     The climate is more suitable for the vine than it is in the northern Rhine vineyards of Germany.

     Many years ago the Queen’s lands included the vineyards of Bordeaux. The best wine in the world was produced within sailing distance of England. During the three hundred years that Bordeaux belonged to England its wine was everyday English drink.

     The total cargo of wine in 1372 was three million gallons; about six bottles of claret per head for every man, woman and child in England, Wales and Scotland. Today of all table wines claret included English drink a bottle and a half each.

     In France wine means more than even beer to the British. Workmen start with wine for breakfast, and never stop drinking it until they go to bed.

     The following are the total wine drinking figures for the United Kingdom and France.

     Every man, woman and child in the United Kingdom-2.5 bottles a year.

     Every man, woman and child in France-160 bottles a year. But the doctors say that the medical benefits of wine are many and its disadvantages are few or none. It is an antiseptic, a stimulant to the appetite, wine can be a help of diabetes, anemia and heart trouble.

2.Ответьте на вопросы:

1. Are there any vineyards in England?
2. Where is climate more suitable for the wine?
3. Where were the best wine produced?
4. When and where was wine an everyday drink?
5. Is wine useful?

Текст №12

1.Выпишите подчеркнутые слова и переведите их.

2.Прочтите и переведите текст:

Wine in the Past

          It is not known who first discovered wine. Vitis Vinifera, which grows wine-grapes is a native of Persia. Wine was drunk in ancient Persia, in ancient Greece. It spread as our civilization spread, from East. Wine lies at the roots of our civilization. It is very important way you can say that wine was responsible for the establishing of stable society in Europe.

The knowledge of wine-making and vine-growing became almost a monopoly of the church in Europe. All the biggest and the best vineyards were owned and operated by religious houses.

 The wines were different in Past. Champagne was not sparkling; sherry was not fortified; we do not know where white wine was made and where red. It was Burgundy which decided what burgundy would be like, and Champagne which put the first bubbles into champagne.

People became farmers for sake of wine. Wine was a brilliantly successful transplantation from the Old World to the New. To South America it went with the conquistadors from Spain by the end of the 17th century, to California and Australia in the 19th century.

In California and Australia one winery makes “Champagne”, “port”, “claret” from the grapes of one vineyard, they tell that it is only a matter of planning the right variety of job and using the right techniques of verification.

3.Ответьте на вопросы:

1. Is it known who discovered wine?
2. What is Vitis Vinifera?
3. How did wine spread?
4. What did become a monopoly of the church in Europe?
5. How and when did wine come to the different countries?

Текст№ 13

1. Прочтите текст:

INTENSIVE TECHOLOGIES OF AGRICULTURE

There are two ways of increasing the yield of farm crops. They are the cultivation of new lands and the increase in yields per hectare1. In the recent past the first way was more popular. At present more agricultural are obtained by intensification of agricultural production.

Intensification is based on mechanization, electrification and chemization which are the main sources of progress in agriculture. Most of agricultural processes in crop production and animal husbandry are mechanized now. They are the preparation of the soil, planting and harvesting crops, feeding farm animals and cleaning livestock buildings. Chemization of agriculture is increased by higher production and use of  mineral fertilizers and other chemicals. They increase crop yields and quality.

Some other important intensive technologist are the development of better high-yielding2 varieties of crops, the application of most effective cultural practices3, the breeding of better rearm animals, the control of weeds, insects and diseases.

All intensification factors must be used in such a way4 as not to damage5 the land which is the  basis of agriculture.

Пояснение к тексту

1. Per hectare – с гектара; на гектар;
2. high-yielding – высокоурожайный;
3. Cultural practices – агротехнические приемы; агротехника.

2. Выпишите и переведите подчеркнутые слова.

3. Переведите текст.

4.Ответьте на вопросы:

1. How many ways of increasing the yield are there?
2. What are they?
3. What is intensification based on?
4. How must be used the all intensification factors?

        Текст№ 14

1. Прочтите текст:

Wheat is widely cultivated throughout the world. It is one of the most valuable chop paints. The countries leading in wheat production are the Russia, the United States, China, Canada, India, France and Italy.

Wheat is known to be adapted to different soil and climatic conditions.

Only rye, barley, potatoes and some other crops are grown under colder conditions than wheat.

The wheat plant is an annual. There are spring wheat varieties sown early in spring and harvested in the late summer. There are also winter wheat varieties sown in the fall and maturing early the following summer.

Wheat grows best when it is sown in a well-prepared, floe and mellow seedbed.

Sufficient moisture should be present for wheat seed to germinate quickly and for young plants to grow -well.

Most of the wheat grown is sown with a drill. The rate and depth of sowing are more accurate and uniform, with this method of sowing and less seed is requires.

To obtain more and higher-quality grain and to reduce labors cost farmers harvest wheat with combines Wheat is considered to be ready for combine harvesting when moisture content of the grain Is 14% or less.

2. Выпишите и переведите подчеркнутые слова.

3. Переведите текст.

4.Ответьте на вопросы:

1. Where is wheat cultivated?
2. What condition does wheat need for its growth?
3. What varieties of wheat do you know?
4. When does wheat grow better?
5. When is wheat considered to be ready for combine harvesting?

        Текст№ 15

1. Прочтите текст:

CEREAL OR GRAIN CROPS

Cereals are those members of the grass family which produce edible seed. Wheat, barley, rye, oats, corn and rice are known to be most common and most valuable cereals. The cereals grown in the temperate zone are known as small grains. They are wheat, barley, oats acne rye. They may be spring or winter annuals. Corn and rice are warm season crops. They are to be seeded in spring or early summer and mature in the fall.

Of the cereals raised wheat, rice and com are the world's thee most important grain crops. Although rice is the main food of more people, wheat is the first in importance as to the area sown and the total annual production.

There are some reasons why cereals are considered to be the man's leading food source. They, produce food in a relatively short period of time, for they are annuals. In addition, they are adapted well to different soil and climatic conditions. Cultural practices required in growing grain crops are quite similar. Grain is easily drilled, harvested, cleaned and stored. All these operations are known to be highly mechanized.

For cereals to grow well they are to be grown on moderately fine and mellow seedbed supplied with enough moisture.

Though cereals do not supply much and vitamins, they are believed foreman a major source of people.

2. Выпишите и переведите подчеркнутые слова.

3. Переведите текст.

4.Ответьте на вопросы:

1. What is small grains?
2. What crops are warm season crops?
   3.   When are com and rice to be seeded?

Текст№ 16

1. Прочитайте текст:

In 1911 the Polish scientist Casimir Funk published a book in which he described experiments by means of which he extracted a substance. For this substance he gave а name. Vitamin ("Vita" for life, "amine" the name of a certain class of chemical compounds). The principal members of the vitamin groups are A, B, C, D. For the most part we obtain our vitamins directly from foods but there are amendments to the rules. The vitamins are very important for our life and essential for good health of the man.

Vitamin A is essential for eyes, nerves growth. Life without vitamin A is hardly worth while. Keen vegetables, milk, butter, fish, liver, fruits are rich in vitamin A.

Vitamin В is necessary for normal growth. There is probably some connection between  its growth and appetite-inducing properties.

Vitamin C. The citrus fruits (oranges, lemons, grapefruits) are sources of vitamin Tomatoes, raw cabbage and onions also contain vitamin C. Apples, bananas, carrots and potatoes contain some, but they are important sources only it eaten in large amounts. It the shortage of vitamin С causes scurvy, the teeth fall out, it the shortage is less, they rot out. Ascorbic known as vitamin С is the least stable of ail the vitamins.

Vitamin D is concerned in the laying down of calcium essential for the structure of bones and teeth. It is obtained from butter, fish, liver oils, etc. Although we get this vermin: food, it can also be manufactured in our body with the  aid of ultra-violet rays from the sun.

2. Выпишите и переведите подчеркнутые слова.

3. Переведите текст.

4.Ответьте на вопросы:

1. What vitamins are the principal members of vitamin groups?

2. Are vitamins very important for out life?
3. What food is rich in vitamin A?
4. What are the best sources of Vitamin C?
5. What vitamin can be manufactured in our body?
6. What are Vitamins used for?

        Текст№ 17

1. Прочтите текст:

FARMS IN ENGLAND

There are about 53,500 farms in this country. Most of the farms are small. These small farms are family farms. All the work on farm is done by the farmer and his family. The types of farms are different in different regions of this country. In the East most farmers grow different farm crops. In the West climate is good for the production of farm animals. There are many farms where farmers grow some crops and breed some farm animals. These farms are known as mixed farms.

Now the on the farms is highly mechanized. Different machines are used by the farmers.

The tendency in agricultural development of the country  is the disappearance (исчезновение) of small traditional farms as they cannot compete (конкурировать) with big industrial farms.

2. Переведите текст.

3. Ответьте на вопросы:

l. How many farms are in England?

2.What types of farms are in this country?

3.What do the farmers use on the farms?

        Текст№ 18

1. Прочтите текст:

WHAT IS AGRICULTURE

Agriculture is an important branch of economy. Economic growth of any country  depends bo  development of agriculture, which supplies people with food and clothing and industry  with raw materials.

The word “agre” is a lacing word. In means the cultivation of fields  in order to grow crops. Now agriculture also includes the use of Sand to breed farm animals.

We do not know when people began to grow crops. It was many thousand years ago. Now crop production and animal husbandry are highly developed branches of agriculture.

Life is impossible without plants. They play a highly important role in everyday life of people. Plants that are grown by farmers are known as farm crops. They are used for many different purposes. Most of them are used directly as food for people, some are consumed by farm animals, others are used in industry and medicine.

In order to increase crop yields and animal products our collective and state farms apply widely intensive technologies.

Пояснение к тексту

1. Depends on – зависит от
2. In order – чтобы; для того, чтобы

2. Выпишите и переведите подчеркнутые слова.

3. Переведите текст.

4.Ответьте на вопросы:

1. Is agriculture an important branch of economy?
2. What does depend on the development of agriculture?
   3.When did people begin to grow crops?

4. What are the plants used for?        
5. What do the farmers apply in order to increase crop yields and animal   products?

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Текст№ 19

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TWO BRANCHES OF AGRICULTURE

There are two main branches of agricultural production – crop  production and animal husbandry.

Crop  production is the practice of growing and harvesting crops. The most important crops grown by man are grain crops, vegetables and grasses. In order to obtain high yield crops are grown under favorable soil and climatic conditions.

 Animal husbandry is a branch of agriculture including the breeding of farm  animals and their use. Dairy and beef cattle, hogs, sheep, and poultry are widely bred throughout the world. Farm animals are highly important sources of food for man. They are kept for the production of such nutritious products as meat, milk and eggs.

Many crops grown by man are used in feeding overstock.  At the same time manure produced by farm animals is an important source for the maintenance  of soil fertility. Most of the nutrients taken by plants from the soil are thus returned. z manure, farmers improve the physical condition of the soil.

Thus, crop production and animal husbandry are closely connected with each other2.

Запомните

            2. Выпишите и переведите подчеркнутые слова.

3.Ответьте на вопросы:

1. What are the main branches of agricultural production?
2. What is crop production?
3. What does animal husbandry include?
4.   Where are many crops used?
5. How are crop production and animal husbandry connected?

Текст№ 20

1. Прочтите текст:

FROM SEED TO PLANT

1 вариант

Seed  starts to  germinate  only  under  certain   conditions.   The  optimum temperature at which seeds germinate best varies with different kinds of seed. The optimum temperature for the germination of wheat, for instance, is about 27 C. Cotton and corn germinate best at about 35°C.

Seeds of all crops need enough air for germination as oxygen (кислород), necessary for certain chemical reactions which take place in the plant food in the seed.

These reactions take place only when water is present. So, moisture is also necessary for the germination of seeds.

Thus, a seed does not germinate: 1) if the temperature is not proper. 2) in there is not enough moisture; and air in the soil.

PHOTOSYNTHESIS

2 вариант

The most important difference (различие) between plants and animals is that  plants can produce food in the leaves. The process by which plants produce their food is known as photosynthesis.

The conditions necessary for photosynthesis are light, CO2 (carbon dioxide), water some essential nutrients and proper temperature. Water and nutrients, required for  photosynthesis come from the soil through the roots. So leaves function well il plant has a highly-developed root system.

The word "photosynthesis" consists of two parts. "Photo" which is light and “synthesis" which is building so, photosynthesis is building with light.

2. Выпишите и переведите подчеркнутые слова.

3. Переведите текст.

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Текст№ 21

1 вариант

1. Прочтите текст:

Agriculture is the most important branch of economy in this country. It is highly developed.        Big farms are predominant in Denmark.

The country has very favorable (благоприятный) climate, soils and topography for farming. These factors stimulate crop growing and animal breeding. Most farm operations are highly mechanized, from preparation of the soil to harvesting crops and feeding animals. The use of fertilizers and other chemicals in crease crop vields and animal products.

England is the main importer of Denmark farm products. Animal products make up about 80% of the total agricultural export of the country.

2. Выпишите и переведите подчеркнутые слова.

3. Переведите текст.

4.Ответьте на вопросы:

1. What is agriculture for this country?

2.        What farms are predominant here?

3.What factors do stimulate the crop growing and animal breeding?

4. Are the most farm operations mechanized?
5. What do increase crop yields and animal products?

Crop growing in Japan

2 вариант

Most of Japan s land cannot be used for growing crops because it is mountainous (гористый). The land that can be used for crop cultivation is used intensively in order to provide people with food.

The best farm land is around Yokohama and Tokyo. The climate and soil here are good for growing crops.

Rice is the most important food for the Japanese people. They grow much rice. It is growa, in standing water in fields. When rice is mature (зрелый) the water is drained and the plants are harvested with special machines.

Another very important crop in this country is sweet potato. It is widely grown on the higher lands. There are also fields of other crops such as wheat, barley and corn.

2. Выпишите и переведите подчеркнутые слова.

3. Переведите текст.

4.Ответьте на вопросы:

1.        Why can t most land be used for growing crops?

2.        Where is the best land and good conditions for growing crops?

3. What crop is the most important food?
4. How is it grown?
5. What another crops are widely grown in this country?

Текст№ 22

1. Прочтите текст:

PLANT’S PARTS AND THEIR FUNCTIIONS

Plants are highly important sources of food for man and farm animals. They also supply people with clothing, shelter and many other things as well.

To obtain high yields of farm crops it is necessary to study the principal parts of the plant and their functions.

The principal parts of a plant are the root system and the above ground portion consisting of stems, leaves, flowers and seeds.

The root performs two main functions. It a absorbs plant nutrients as well as water form the soil and anchors the plant. There are two types of roots: fibrous roots and tap roots. All grain crops have fibrous roots. While tap roots are typical of legumes and root crops. Alfalfa and sugar beets are examples of crops having tap roots.

As to stems and leaves they are usually above the ground. To support leaves and to conduct water and nutrients from the roots to the leaves are the main functions of the stem. The food used by green plants is produced in the leaves through the process known as photosynthesis.

A flower is the part of the plant where seeds are produced. Thus, to produce seeds the plant must have flowers.

All parts of a plant must be developed well in order to function properly.

2. Выпишите и переведите подчеркнутые слова.

3. Переведите текст.

4.Ответьте на вопросы:

1. What is highly important sources of food for man and farm animals?
2. What is necessary to study to obtain high yields of farm crops?
3. What are the principal parts of a plant?
4. What are their functions?

Рецензия

на  учебно- методическое  пособие  по английскому  языку для работы с текстами по специальности, составленное  преподавателем  английского языка ГБОУ СПО «ПСХТ» Михайловой Т.А.

       Данное  пособие предназначено  для  студентов  специальностей: 260107 «Технология бродильных производств и виноделие», 110401 «Агрономия»,

 110812 «Технология производства и переработки сельскохозяйственной продукции».                                                                                                                                                      

      Оно  содержит  тексты  скорее  информативной , чем  коммуникативной  направленности. При этом  они  наполнены  новой  лексикой,  расширяющей  словарный  запас  студентов.

      Для  чтения  с пониманием основного  содержания необязательно  знание  всех  лексических  единиц и  грамматических  явлений. Здесь  важно  уловить  основную  мысль и  уметь  догадываться о  значении  незнакомых  слов  по контексту.

     Пособие  имеет  четкую , понятную  структуру. Задания  после   текстов  направлены  на  проверку  понимания  прочитанного.   Данное  пособие  формирует навыки  самостоятельного  чтения  с общим  пониманием содержания  и  извлечением  основной  информации.