МИНИСТЕРСТВО НАУКИ И ВЫСШЕГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ

РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ

Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное

учреждение высшего образования

«Луганский государственный университет имени Владимира Даля»

Колледж

Пособие по английскому языку для обучающихся 1 курса на основе учебника Spotlight 10

с грамматическими темами и упражнениями

(Сост. Батлук Е.Г., Сергеева О.В.)

CONTENT

UNIT 1 2

UNIT 2 16

UNIT 3 23

UNIT 4 31

UNIT 5 43

UNIT 6 50

UNIT 7 62

UNIT 8 68

UNIT 9 76

UNIT 10 83

UNIT 11 93

UNIT 12 100

UNIT 13 112

UNIT 14 119

UNIT 15 129

UNIT 16 138

UNIT 17 145

UNIT 1

Reading Practice

Teenagers

A Fiona , 16

Galway, Ireland

I’ve got lots of friends and we ‘re all into the same kind of things. We like watching TV , especially comedies and my all-time favourite is Father Ted . We love music , too and I’m really into indie bands like The Brave and the Arctic Monkeys. I try to go to as many gigs as I can. I’m not really into fashion. I can’t stand shopping and I couldn’t care less about designer labels.

B Josie , 16

Glasgow, Scotland

I really like shopping. I think it’s a relaxing , enjoyable pastime. So much so, I can spend hours window shopping in the city centre with my friends. H&M is my favourite clothes shop because you can also find great bargains there. I also like going to the cinema and I try to catch a film at least once a fortnight with my friend , Tom. Everyone my age is crazy about mobile phones and texting has become a new national pastime.

C Jamie, 16

Crystal Brook, Australia

I live with my family on a farm near a small town in South Australia. The countryside is beautiful around here and I go walking and horse riding a lot, but life is generally boring. I don’t fancy living here when I ‘m older and dream of going to live in a big city. My friend and I spend a lot of time on the Internet playing games and chatting and we watch DVDs. Of course, like all teenagers, we always have homework to do.

D Kim, 16

Vancouver, Canada

During the week I don’t do much in the evenings apart from my homework, so I really look forward to the weekends.

On Saturdays, I usually hang out with my friends down at the shopping mall where we check out the shops for new clothes , grab a bite to eat and watch a movie.

On Sundays, I usually go for a trip to the countryside with my parents I love that.

E Brandon , 16

Seattle, USA

I’m an activeperson . I hate TV. I find sitting in front of a TV screen a waste of I’m fascinated by the great outdoors.

I’m a skateboard fanatic and get to and from school every day on one.

At the weekends, I try to get out of the city and go rock climbing or paragliding.

Extreme sports are my passion. I think it’s important to look good too and I go for the sporty look.

F Emily , 16

London, England

I like keeping fit, buying expensive clothes and dance music.

I love going out climbing with my friends at the weekends – we dance all night.

I have two younger sisters, but we fight a lot because they always want to wear my clothes. That’s so annoying – I hate it when they do that.

Language Material

to hang out with friends- общаться, тусоваться с друзьями

to go clubbing- ходить в клуб

to send text messages- отправлять СМС

to surf the NET- просматривать сайты в интернете

to go window shopping- рассматривать витрины

to do extreme sport – стремиться выглядеть спортивно

to do voluntary work- выполнять волонтёрскую работу

to run errands- выполнять поручения

relaxing- расслабляющий

enjoyable-расслабляющий

to catch a film- попасть на фильм

to go for a sporty look- стремиться выглядеть спортивно

all-time favourite- на все времена пользующийся успехом

to be into fashion- увлекаться модой

pastime- развлечение

fortnight- 2 недели

to grab a bite- перекусить

passion- страсть

waste of time- пустая трата времени

bargain- товар со скидкой

annoying- надоедливый

to fancy- любить что –либо делать

Grammar Practice

Indefinitе

Exercises.

Present Indefinite.

1. Use the verb in the Present Indefinite Tense. Underline the predicate and translate the sentence from English into Russian.

1. My working day (to begin) at seven o clock.

2. I ( to get) up, (to switch) on the radio and (to do) my morning exercises.

3. It (to take) me 15 minutes.

4. At we (to have) breakfast.

5. My father and I (to leave) home at 8 o clock.

6. He (to take) a bus to his factory.

7. My mother (to be) a doctor, she (to leave) home at 9 o clock.

8. In the evening we (to gather) in the living room.

2. Underline the predicate, determine the tense, ask questions to the underlined words. Write a negative sentence.

1. Our teacher always speaks English in class.

2. We sometimes have English in the evening.

3. They do a lot of exercises at home.

4. My friends work at a school.

3. Translate these sentences from Russian into English using Present Indefinite Tense.

1. Обычно я работаю после обеда.

2. Мы работаем каждое утро.

3. Они не работают каждый день.

4. Вы работаете в школе? - Да, я работаю в школе.

5. Моя сестра не читает книг.

#1043;де живёт твой друг?

7. Когда встаёт твой брат?

Past Indefinite.

Exercises.

1. Write these regular verbs in Past Indefinite Tense.

to thank, to open, to watch, to look, to close, to work, to study, to translate, to continue, to finish, to discuss, to answer, to repeat, to copy.

2. Write these irregular verbs Past Indefinite Tense (смотри таблицу неправильных глаголов).

to be, to come, to leave, to meet, to think, to swim, to win, tо shut, to teach, to understand, to send, to feel, to fly.

3. Write this text in Past Indefinite Tense.

1. Boris wakes up when it is already light. 2. He looks at his watch. 3. It is a quarter to seven. 4. Boris jumps out of bed and runs to the bathroom. 5. He has just time to take a shower and drink a cup of tea, with bread and butter. 6. He is in a hurry to catch the 8 o’clock train. 7. At the railway station he meets three other boys from his group. 8. They all have small backpacks and fishing rods. 9. In less than an hour they get off the train at a small station near a wood. 10. They walk very quickly. 11. Soon they are on the shore of a lake. 12. The boys spend the whole day there fishing and swimming. 13. They return home late at night, tired but happy.

4. Underline the predicate, determine the tense, ask questions to the underlined words. Write a negative sentence.

1. They worked at a large factory 2 years ago.

2. My friend wrote an interesting article last month.

3. The students took exams in summer.

4. My parents were in the country yesterday.

5. His sister lived in that house ten years ago.

5. Use the verb in the Present, Past Indefinite Tense. Underline the predicate, determine the tense and translate the sentence from English into Russian.

1. His sister (to study) English every day.

2. She (to study) English two hours ago.

3. You (to come) home at 6 o clock yesterday?

4. You (to go) to bed at 10 o clock every day?

5. I (not to have) history lesson every day.

6. We (not to rest) yesterday.

6. Translate these sentences from Russian into English using Present or Past Indefinite Tense.

1. Кто навестил вас вчера? - Друзья моего сына. Мы были очень рады их видеть.

2. Я пришёл домой поздно и сразу же лёг спать.

3. Мы прочитали новый текст на уроке позавчера. Потом преподаватель задавал нам вопросы, а мы отвечали на них.

4. Вы любите играть в шахматы?- Да, но я редко играю в шахматы сейчас.

Future Indefinite.

Exercises

1. Underline the predicate, determine the tense, ask questions to the underlined words. Write a negative sentence.

1. I shall be in tomorrow morning.

2. Mary will forget about it.

3. He will remember us.

4. The children will go to the country next week.

2. Use the verb in the Present, Past, Future Indefinite Tense. Underline the predicate, determine the tense and translate the sentence from English into Russian.

1. I (to go) to bed at ten o clock every day.

2. I (to go) to bed at ten o clock yesterday.

3. I (to go) to bed at ten o clock tomorrow.

4. I ( not to do ) this work every day.

5. I (not to do ) this work yesterday.

6. I ( not to do) this work tomorrow.

7. When you (to leave) home for school every day?

8. When you (to leave) home for school yesterday?

9. When you (to leave) home for school tomorrow?

3. Translate these sentences from Russian into English using Present or Past, Future Indefinite Tense.

1. Мой брат ходит на работу каждый день.

2. Он ходит туда пешком.

3. Но вчера мой брат поехал на работу на автобусе.

4. На следующей недели он поедет в командировку.

Oral Practice

Teenagers

1. Find English equivalents in the text.

Отправиться за город; заниматься скалолазанием; великолепная природа; по крайней мере один раз в неделю; новое национальное развлечение; в основном скучная; увлекаться одними и теми же делами; все моего возраста; катание верхом на лошади; тусоваться с друзьями по торговому центру.

these sentences from Russian into English.

1 Я считаю, что поход по магазинам расслабляющее время провождение.

2 Многие подростки любят тусоваться со своими друзьями.

3 Многие мои друзья занимаются экстремальными видами спорта.

4 Хелен любит ходить в клуб. Это её страсть. Она может провести там всю ночь.

5 Ты любишь выполнять волонтёрскую работу и поручения для взрослых.

6Ты действительно следишь за модой?

7 Ты очарован великолепной природой?

8 Почему ты не пытаешься выехать за город на выходные?

9 Многие мои друзья могут часами осматривать витрины магазинов в центре города.

Test

these words from English into Russian.

1 passion

2 to hang out

3 to go window shopping

4 to run errands

5 to send text messages

6 trusting

7well-meaning

8 jealous

9 dedicated

10 caring

2. Translate these words from Russian into English.

1 стремиться иметь спортивный вид

2 выполнять волонтёрскую работу

3 надоедливый

4 пустая трата времени

5 ходить в развлекательный клуб

6 капризный

7 недоброжелательный

8 терпеливый

9 нечестный

10 верный

3. Translate these sentences from English into Russian.

1 love going clubbing with my friends at the weekends- we dance and sing all night.

2 On Sundays I usually go for a trip to the countryside with my friends. I love that.

3Julie cancelled our plans again.

4. Translate these sentences from Russian into English.

1Но твоя подруга выглядит такой милой и заботливой.

2 Я думаю , что поход по магазинам- расслабляющее время провождение.

3 Я провожу много времени в интернете играя в игры и болтая в чате.

UNIT 2

Reading Practice

Character qualities

Laura: What's the matter, Kim?

Kim: I've had enough!

Laura: What do you mean?

Kim: It's Julie - my so-called friend - she's cancelled our plans again. She's always doing it and it hurts my feeling.

Laura: But she looks so sweet and caring ...

Kim: That's what most people think ... but she only cares about herself and she only goes out with me when she has nothing better to do.

Laura: Oh, come on! Aren't you being a bit mean?

Kim: No ... she might be nice to you ... but she keeps letting me down.

Laura: Oh forget about why don't we rent a DVD?

Kim: any ideas?

Laura: There's that comedy ... you know ... what's it called? … Forever Friends.

Kim: Oh, perfect.

Language Material

loyal- верный

selfish-эгоистичный

aggressive- агрессивный

dedicated- преданный

trusting-честный

patient- терпеливый

mean- недоброжелательный

caring- заботливый

jealous- ревнивый

creative- творческий

moody- капризный

well-meaning- действующий из лучших побуждений

Grammar Practice

Test.

1. Use the verb in the Present, Past or Future Indefinite Tense. Underline the predicate, determine the tense and translate the sentence from English into Russian.

1. Boris ( to be ) at school now.
2. I ( to prepare ) fruit-salad for breakfast every day.
3. The students ( to see ) a good film last Sunday.

2. Underline the predicate, determine the tense, ask a question beginning with a word. Write a negative sentence .

1. My friend goes to the library every Wednesday ( Who … )
2. I played computer games yesterday ( W hen … )
3. Kate will see her friend tomorrow ( Whom … )

II

1. Use the verb in the Present, Past or Future Indefinite Tense. Underline the predicate, determine the tense and translate the sentence from English into Russian.

1. You ( to watch ) TV everyday ?
2. Tom ( to go ) to bed at IO o’clock yesterday.
3. The pupils ( to leave ) home for school at 5 o’clock tomorrow.

2. Underline the predicate, determine the tense, ask a question beginning with a word. Write a negative sentence .

He helped his mother yesterday. ( When… )

1. Her friends will be ready at 5 o’clock ( Who … )

3. My friend knows English very well ( How … )

…………………………………………………………………………………..

III

1. Use the verb in the Present, Past or Future Indefinite Tense. Underline the predicate, determine the tense and translate the sentence from English into Russian.

1. I ( to go ) to bed at ten o’clock every day.

2When you ( to leave) home for school yesterday?

3 He ( to read ) newspapers tomorrow

2. Underline the predicate, determine the tense, ask a question beginning with a word. Write a negative sentence .

1. Kate cooks dinner everyday ( Who… )
2. I shall eat ice-cream tomorrow. ( What … )
3. My brother played chess yesterday ( When … )

Причастие 1.

Participle 1.

4. Participle I

Обозначает (means) Перевод (translation)

Действие, которое происходит #1055;ричастием несов .вида на „щий”

одновременно с действием (вший)

сказуемого. reading-читающий

The Participle I means the action #1044;еепричастием несов .вида.на «я»

which is happening at the same (а)

time as the action of the reading-читая

predicate.

['predikit] #1055;ричастием несов. вида на «мый»

being read-читаемый

Functions

Exercises

Participle 1 Active Voice from these Verbs.

to meet, to tell, to find, to send, to give, to take, to read, to look, to go, to open, to close, to put, to copy, to copy out, to sit, to do , to come.

2. Underline Participle 1, determine its function. Translate from English into Russian.

1. Everybody looked at the dancing girl.

2. The man playing the piano is Kate’s uncle. 3. Entering the room, she turned on the light. 4. Coming to the theatre, she saw that the performance had already begun. 5. Looking out of the window, he saw his mother watering the flowers. 6. She went into the room, leaving the door open. 7. Running into the road, the young man stopped a taxi. 8. Looking through the newspaper, she noticed a photograph of her boss. 9. Working at his desk, he listened to a new CD. 10. Using chemicals, the firemen soon put out the fire in the forest.

Oral Practice

Character qualities

1. Find English equivalents in the dialogue.

1 с меня хватит;

2 мой так называемый друг;

3 это причиняет боль моим чувствам;

4 так думает большинство людей;

5 немного недоброжелателен

6 она продолжает разочаровывать меня

7 как она называется.

2. Write synonyms to these words.

1 angry and violent

2 unkind to another person

3 caring only about themselves

4 calm

5 not truthful

6 kind and helpful during difficult or unhappy times

7 depressed without any warning

3. Answer the questions to the dialogue.

1 What’s the relationship between Kim and Julie?

2 Why is Kim angry?

3 What is the dialogue about?

UNIT 3

Reading Practice

Little women

As young readers like to know ‘how people look’, we will take this moment to give them a little sketch of the four sisters, who sat knitting away in the twilight while the December snow fell quietly outside and the fire crackled cheerfully within. It was a comfortable old room, though the carpet was faded and the furniture very plain; for a good picture or two hung on the walls, books filled the shelves, chrysanthemums and Christmas roses bloomed in the windows and a pleasant atmosphere of home-peace filled the room.

Meg, the eldest of the four, was sixteen, and very pretty, being plump and fair, with large eyes, plenty of soft, brown hair, a sweet mouth and white hands of which she was rather vain. Fifteen-year-old Jo was very tall, thin and brown, and reminded one of a colt; for she never seemed to know what to do with her long limbs, which were very much in her way. She had a decisive mouth, a comical nose and sharp, grey eyes, which appeared to see everything, and could be fierce, funny or thoughtful. Her long, thick hair was her one beauty; but it was usually bundled in a net, to be out of her way. Jo had round shoulders, big hands and feet, a fly-away look to her clothes and the uncomfortable appearance of a girl who was rapidly shooting up into a woman and didn’t like it. Elizabeth – or Beth, as everyone called her – was a rosy, smooth-haired, bright-eyed girl of thirteen, with a shy manner, a timid voice and a peaceful expression, which was seldom disturbed. Her father called her ‘Little Miss Tranquillity’, and the name suited her excellently; for she seemed to live in a happy world of her own, only venturing out to meet the few whom she trusted and loved. Amy, though the youngest, was a most important person – in her own opinion at least. A regular snow-maiden, with blue eyes and yellow hair curling on her shoulders, pale and slender, and always carrying herself like a young lady mindful of her manners. What the characters of the four sisters were, we will leave to he found out.

The clock struck six; and, having swept up the hearth, Beth put a pair of slippers down to warm. Somehow the sight of the old shoes had a good effect upon the girls; for mother was coming, and everyone brightened to welcome her. Meg stopped lecturing and lighted the lamp. Amy got out of the armchair without being asked, and Jo forgot how tired she was as she sat up to hold the slippers nearer to the fire.

They are quite worn out; Mother must have a new ;
‘I thought I’d get her some with my dollar,’ said Beth.
‘No, I shall!’ cried Amy.
‘I’m the ; began Meg, but Jo cut in with a decided:
‘l’m the man of the family now that papa is away, and I shall provide the slippers, for he told me to take special care of mother while he was ;
‘I’ll tell you what we’ll do,’ said Beth; ‘let’s each get her something for Christmas, and not get anything for ourselves.

Language Material

1 appearance- внешность

2 attractive- привлекательный

3 awkward- неуклюжий

4 to brighten- радовать

5 cheerfully- бодро, весело

6 delicate-looking- изящный

7 to fade- выгорать

8 fierce- жестокий, лютый

9 to lecture- поучать

10 mindful- заботливый , внимательный

11 peaceful- спокойный

12 to provide- обеспечивать

13 to reflect- отражать

14 to remind-напоминать

15 thoughtful- задумчивый

16 timid- робкий

17 to trust- доверять

Grammar Practice

Времена группы Continuous.

Времена группы Continuous употребляются для выражения длительного, незаконченного действия, происходящего в определенный момент настоящего, прошедшего, или будущего времени. Перевод на русский язык глаголом несовершенного вида.

Некоторые глаголы, выражающие чувства, восприятия и умственную деятельность, не употребляются во временах группы Continuous.

to love-любить

to like-нравиться

to want-хотеть

to wish-желать

to know-знать

to hear-слышать

to see-видеть

to feel-чувствовать

to understand-понимать

to be+Participle I

изменяется перевод на

по временам, русск.яз.

лицам,

числам

Exercises

Present Continuous.

1. Use the verb in the Present Continuous Tense. Underline the predicate, determine the tense and translate the sentence from English into Russian.

1. Peter (to write) a letter now. Peter is writing a letter now. ()

2. They (to listen) to music now.

3. The doctor ( to examine) the patient now.

4. I (to water) the flowers now.

2. Underline the predicate, determine the tense, ask a question beginning with a word. Write a negative sentence .

1. He is playing chess now. (-, Is )- He is not playing chess now. Is he playing chess now?

2. We are waiting for the bus now. (--, What )

3. My mother is cooking now. (--, Whose mother)

4. His friends are dancing now. (--, Who)

5. I am helping my mother now. (--, Whom)

Oral Practice

1. Which sister (Meg, Jo, Beth or Amy)……

1was always quiet and content?

2 felt awkward being a teenager?

3 was very attractive?

4 had an expressive face?

5 was comfortable spending time alone?

6 was delicate-looking and polite?

7 thought very highly of herself ?

2. Form compound adjectives from the following , as in the example. Find two examples in the text.

1 dark hair – dark-haired girl,

2 green eyes, 3 long legs,4 broad shoulders, 5 stiff neck,6 cold heart, 7 wide eyes 8 baby face , 9 kind heart, 10sharp tongue.

3 Complete the table with words from the text.

UNIT 4

Reading Practice.

Schools around the world.

А There are many types of schools in the world. Some are expensive, private boarding schools, like Rugby School in England where the game of rugby was invented! There are also some specialist schools, like drama schools, dance schools or the 40 acrobatic schools in Wuqiao, China. It might sound like fun, but, as 13-year-old Zhang Li explains, "Our training starts at 5:30 am. It's very hard, but these skills will help me earn a living when I ; There are also a wide range of school subjects at different schools. At Holden High School in the USA, subjects include comic book art, photography, song writing and yoga.
B. At a school in the Annapurna mountains in Nepal, classes don't start until 10 am because a lot of students have to walk for about an hour to get there. In Japan, it isn't unusual for students to spend two hours or more getting to school on public transport. "It's not so bad," says 15-year-old Keiko from Tokyo. "I sometimes sleep or study on the train, and it's a great way to catch up with my ;
C. The average school day in the UK and the US is hours for high school students. Students in Korea and Greece, however are not so lucky! After school they attend extra classes in private
schools. "On a typical day," says Jie Kim from Seoul, South Korea, "I don't get home until midnight, but if I don't study hard, I won't get into a good ;
D. All schools have rules, but sometimes they are really strict At Eton College, a very famous boys' boarding school in England, the students have a smart but very old-fashioned uniform with a long jacket, trousers and shirt In Japan, everyone has to participate in 'о soji', or the cleaning of the school, before they go home, whereas at Summerhill School in England, it's the students who make the rules!
E. So, is your school better or worse than schools in other parts of the world? No matter what your answer is, we shouldn't forget that 300 million children in the world don't have any schools to go to. So even if you'd like to change some things about your school, you really are one of the lucky ones!

Language Material

1 boarding school –школа-интернат, пансион

2 single sex school – школа раздельного обучения

3 co- educational school – школа совместного обучения

4 state school – государственная школа

5 specialist school – профильная школа

6 private school – частная школа

7 to invent – изобретать

8 training – обучение

9 skills – умения

10 public transport – общественный транспорт

11to catch up with – догонять

12 average – средний

13 to attend – посещать

14 strict – строгий

15 old-fashioned- старомодный

16 extra- curricular- внеклассный

17 facility – условие

Grammar Practice

PARTICIPLE2(P2)- ТРЕТЬЯ ФОРМА ГЛАГОЛА.

Regular Verbs—V+ed

Irregular Verbs—the third part of the table of irregular verbs.

To study—studied

To stop—stopped

To send—sent

To write – written

Discussed—обсуждённый,обсуждаемый,обсуждавшийся, обсуждающийся.

PARTICIPLE 2(P2)

1. имеет страдательное значение;
2. переводится причастием на –нный,-тый,-мый,-вшийся,-щийся.
3. в предложении имеет функцию определения.(attribute)

The discussed question was very interesting.

Обсуждённый вопрос был очень интересный.

The question discussed by them was very interesting.

Вопрос, обсуждённый ими был очень интересным.

Exercises.

Participle2 from these verbs.

to repeat, to translate, to read, to do, to make, to stop, to love, to tell, to get, to be, to ask, to know, to use.

2. Determine Participle 2, underline the predicate , determine the tense. Translate from English into Russian.

1. She put a plate of fried fish in front of me. 2. The coat bought last year is too small for me. 3. Nobody saw the things kept in that box. 4. We stopped before a shut door. 5. They saw overturned tables and chairs and pieces of broken glass all over the world. 6. This is a church built many years ago.

3. Where is Participle1, Participle2. Translate from English into Russian.

1. A letter sent from Kiev today will be in Moscow. He saw some people in the post office sending telegrams. When sending the telegram, she forgot to write her name.

2. A fish taken out of the water cannot live. A person taking a sunbath must be very careful. Taking a dictionary, he began to translate the text. 3. The word said by the student was not correct. The man standing at the door of the train carriage and saying goodbye to his friends is a well-known musician.

Oral Practice

1. Find English equivalents.

Но эти умения помогут нам; уборка школы; если я не буду учиться усердно; чтобы добраться в школу на общественном транспорте; широкий выбор школьных предметов.

from English into Russian.

Training, unusual, public transport, attend, strict, old-fashioned, smart.

these sentences from Russian into English.

1 Все школы имеют правила, иногда они очень строгие.

2 В мире существует много типов школ.

3 Средний школьный день в Великобритании и в США 6,5 часов для студентов старшей школы.

4 В Японии каждый учащийся должен участвовать в уборке школы.

5 В разных школах существует широкий спектр школьных предметов.

Test to the text “Schools around the world”

1. Translate these words from English into Russian.

1 boarding school

2 co-educational school

3 private school

4 extra-curricular

5 average

6 to catch up with

7 skills

8 to invent

2. Translate these words from Russian into English.

1 школа раздельного обучения

2 профильная школа

3 обучение

4 посещать

5 строгий

6 условие

7 старомодный

8 общественный транспорт

3. Translate these sentences from English into Russian.

1 All schools have rules, but sometimes they are strict.

2 At a school in Nepal classes don’t start until 10 o’clock.

3 At Eton college in England the students have a smart but old-fashioned uniform.

4. Translate these sentences from Russian into English.

1 В некоторых школах Англии учащиеся сами создают правила.

2 Многие учащиеся должны идти пешком около часа, чтобы добраться до школы.

3 В Японии каждый принимает участие в уборке школы перед тем как идти домой.

Reading Practice.

Three untypical schools

The diplomats of tomorrow
On 1st June 2006, Children's Day, the 'European House for the International Co-operation of Children' (Evdodemes) announced the establishment of three residential schools in the Gelendzhik, Moscow and Leningrad oblasts. Based on the idea of 'children's diplomacy', these schools hope to unite nations and peoples. The idea behind Evdodemes is that the children of today are the key to a peaceful future. While depressing reports of wars are a common feature on our TV screens and fill our newspaper columns, the school's aim is to educate children in a culture of peace and harmony. Apart from traditional school subjects, the students of this unique school will attend classes in negotiation and communication skills, as well as in the art of diplomacy and etiquette. They will also learn about the culture and history of other countries.

All this will help promote the main aim of Evdodemes, which is to help children make friends with other children from different religious, linguistic and racial backgrounds.

A special course for young men

In the Siberian city of Barnaul, a special programme has begun. Set up by the Altai Krai Regional Crisis Centre for Men and supported by the annual Man-Ecology-Health Exhibition, this new course has devised a number of ways to help male teenagers with problems. Participants learn how to assert and respect themselves. They go on camping trips, which are designed to improve their health, that include mountain hiking and campfire singsongs. Back in the city, informal meetings called 'evening couch parties' allow teenagers to sit around and talk in a relaxed atmosphere. All of these activities help them to realise who they are and what makes them special.

A school for everyone

On Horoshevskoye Avenue in Moscow, a new type of school will open shortly. What makes this school unique is the fact that it is not only intended for students, but it is designed for the needs of local citizens as well. Therefore the school will have an educational and a social purpose.

During the day, students will make use of the school's gyms, Internet facilities and concert halls, while in the evening these will be open to local residents of all ages.

The school will be equipped with the latest technology, and every classroom will have computers and widescreen digital monitors.

Language Material

1 to announce- объявлять

2 establishment- основание

3 to unite- объединять

4 a peaceful future- мирное будущее

5 aim-цель

6 apart from- кроме, не считая

7 background-происхождение

8 to set up- основывать

9 annual- ежегодный

10 to assert-защищать

11 to improve- улучшать

12 to realise- осознавать

13 shortly-вскоре

14 to intend- намереваться

15 widescreen- широкоэкранный

Grammar Practice

Perfect

Perfect( means an action completed before the present and connected with it or before definite moment in the past or future)

Exercises

1. Write these sentences in Present Perfect Tense. Underline the predicate. Translate from English into Russian.

1. The pupils are writing a dictation . – The pupils have already written a dictation. Ученики уже написали диктант.

2. I am learning a poem.

3. She is telling them an interesting story.

4. We are drinking water.

5. He is eating breakfast.

6. You are putting the dishes on the table.

2. Determine the tense. Ask a question to the underlined word. Write a negative sentence.

1. The pupils have already written a letter.

2. I have just eaten my breakfast.

3. Susan has already made a new dress for her birthday party.

3. Use the verbs in one of these tenses: Present Indefinite, Present Perfect, Present Continuous, Past Indefinite, Past Continuous. Underline the predicate, determine the tense, translate from English into Russian.

1. With whom you (to discuss) this question yesterday?

2. I (to see) this film this week.

3. My mother (to cook) dinner now.

4. Your brother (to return) from the north?—Yes, he (to come) a few days ago.

5. You (to be) to the Crimea? When (to be) you there?—I (to be) there in 1993.

6. When I (to come) home yesterday, the children (to run) and (to sing) merrily.

7. Where (to be ) your brother?—He just (to come) home. He (to take) a shower in the bathroom now

Oral Practice

1. Find English equivalents in the text.

Для нужд местных жителей; образовательная и социальная цель; для местных жителей всех возрастов; чтобы улучшить их здоровье; помочь юношам с их проблемами; подружиться с другими детьми; основанная на идеи «детской дипломатии»; умения вести переговоры; культура и история других стран.

2. Answer the questions to the text.

1What school will open on Horoshevskoye Avenue shortly?

2 What purpose will the school on Horoshevskoye Avenue have?

3 In what Siberian city has a special programme begun?

4 Where will three residential schools be established?

5 What classes will the students attend in these unique schools?

6 What else will the students learn in these schools?

3. Translate these sentences from Russian into English?

1 Все это поможет детям подружиться с другим детьми с разным религиозным, языковым и расовым происхождением.

2 В течение дня учащиеся будут использовать школьные спортивные залы, интернет, концертные залы.

3 Школа будет оборудована по последним технологиям.

4 Неформальные встречи позволят подросткам сидеть в кругу и беседовать в расслабляющей обстановке.

5Это все поможет распространять основную идею трех уникальных школ.

UNIT 5

Reading Practice

A square eyed generation

In the UK, teenagers watch 2 to 3 hours of TV per day, video games are played by a third of 13-year-olds every day and 75% of 5 to 16-year-olds have their own TV. What about teenagers in your country? Are they turning into anti-social, square-eyed couch potatoes? What other forms of entertainment do they enjoy? Let’s see what some teens from around the world had to say!

A “I think it’s totally unfair to label today’s teenagers as ‘the square-eyed generation’. Sure, I like to unwind on a Friday night with a good DVD, but one of my favourite things to do is go dancing at the famous London club ‘Ministry of ; You just can’t beat the atmosphere when the music’s blaring and everybody’s dancing!”

Suzy, 18, UK

B “To be honest, a lot of Mexican teenagers do spend too much time watching TV. Teenage soap operas or ‘telenovelas’ like ‘Rebelde’ have become really popular in recent years. The theme tunes in particular are usually really catchy! Members of the cast from these soaps sometimes even go on to record albums and become music stars!”

Maria, 15, Mexico

C “I have my own TV in my room, but my favourite thing to do is to go out to ‘karaoke’ with my friends. Most Japanese teenagers love karaoke. We rent a special room where we can sing along to all the latest music. It’s such a good laugh!”

Yoko, 17, Japan

D “Indian TV is OK, but I can take it or leave it. I prefer to go to the cinema to see ‘Bollywood’’ movies made by Indian directors. Bollywood movies are more like musicals really, with lots of singing, dancing and quite predictable storylines about things like love and family relationships. The Indian film industry now makes twice as many films as Hollywood you know!”

Sanjit, 16, India

E “I have to admit that I’m a bit of a video game addict. The graphics are incredible these days! I also like going to malls with my friends. I think it’s the best place to see and be seen, not just a place to spend money as many ;

Anya, 18, Russia

Language Material

1 addict- раб привычки, фанатик

2 to admit- признавать

3 to blare- громко играть

4 cast- актерский состав

5 catchy- привлекательный

6 to direct- руководить съемками

7 gripping- захватывающий

8 heading- заголовок

9 incredible- невероятный

10 mall- торговый центр

11 repetitive- повторяющийся

12 review- обзор

13 script- сценарий

14 to star- играть главную роль

15 unfair- несправедливый

16 to unwind- расслабиться

Grammar Practice

Past Perfect, Future Perfect

1. Write these sentences in one of these tenses Present Perfect, Past Perfect or Future Perfect. Underline the predicate, determine the tense, translate from English into Russian

1. They just (to write) letters. 2. What’s the matter? Why he (to stop)? 3. By two o’clock the teacher (to examine) all the students. 4. By eight o’clock yesterday I (to do) my homework.

5. You (to do) this work by next Sunday? 6. How many pages he (to read) by five o’clock tomorrow?

the predicate , determine the tense, ask a question to the underlined word, write a negative sentence.

1. Tom had returned from the cinema by 5 o clock.

2. I will have done my homework by 7 o ‘clock tomorrow.

3. Use the verb in one of these sentences: Past Indefinite, Past Continuous or Past Perfect. Translate from English into Russian.

1. By 8 o ‘clock yesterday I (to do) my homework and at 8 I (to play) the piano.

2. When I (to meet) Tom, he (to eat) the ice- cream.

3. When father (to come) home, we (cook) the mushrooms which we (to gather) in the wood.

4. I (to finish) my work at 7 o clock yesterday.

4. Use the verb in one of these sentences: Future Indefinite, Future Continuous, Future Perfect.

1. I ( to do) my homework at 6 o clock tomorrow.

2. My father (to come) home at 7 o clock tomorrow. I (to do) my work by the time he comes, and we (to go ) for a walk together.

5 . Write this sentence in all known tenses. (12 tenses). Underline the predicate, tense and translate from English into Russian.

1. He (to translate) this text. 2. The students (to write) a test.

Test.

1. Вариант.

the predicate, determine the tense, translate, write a negative sentence, ask a question beginning with a word.

1. By 9 o’clock yesterday my grandmother had washed the dishes.( Had, What)

2. By 11 o’ clock tomorrow the pupils will have finished this test. (Who, What)

3. I have seen this film this week. (Have, What)

2. Write this sentence in all known tenses. (12 tenses). Underline the predicate, tense and translate from English into Russian.

My parents (to gather) mushrooms.

2. Вариант.

1. Underline the predicate, determine the tense, translate, write a negative sentence, ask a question beginning with a word.

1. I have just eaten. (Have, Who)

2. My friend will have written the composition by Monday. (What, Who)

3. The rain had stopped by 9 o’clock yesterday.

2. Write this sentence in all known tenses. (12 tenses). Underline the predicate, tense and translate from English into Russian.

The boy (to sing ) a song.

Oral Practice

1. Read the teenagers’ comments in the text. Who:

1 says they aren’t mad about something?

2 uses a certain form of entertainment as a way to relax ?

3 enjoys something that many other young people enjoy too?

4 mentions actors becoming famous for something else?

5 can’t stop doing something?

2 .Translate these words and phrases.

Anti- social; couch potatoes; can’t beat; sing along; It’s a good laugh; I can’t take it or leave it; predictable storylines.

3. Translate these sentences from Russian into English.

1 Одно из любимых моих дел- заниматься танцами.

2 Много мексиканских подростков проводят слишком много время, смотря телевизор.

3 Я предпочитаю сходить в кинотеатр, чтобы посмотреть фильмы.

4 Я –фанат видеоигр.

5 Я также люблю ходить в торговые центры со своим друзьями.

6 Здесь мы можем петь вместе самую современную музыку.

Test

1 Translate these words from English into Russian.

1 to admit

2. cast
3. gripping
4. incredible
5. script
6. to unwind

2 Translate these words from Russian into English.

1 фанатик

2 громко играть

3 привлекательный

4. заголовок

5 обзор

6 играть главную роль

3 Translate these sentences from English into Russian.

1 It’s totally unfair to label today’s teenagers as ”the square-eyed generation”.

2 I prefer to go to the cinema to see “ Boolywood” movies made by Indian directors.

3I have my own TV in my room , but my favourite thing to do is to go out to “karaoke”.

4 Translate these sentences from Russian into English.

1 Мое любимое занятие- ходить танцевать в известном Лондонском клубе.

2 Большинство японских подростков любят караоке.

3 Я люблю расслабиться в пятницу вечером с хорошим CD.

UNIT 6

Reading Practice

A Perfect Day for a Carnival

Rachel and I looked out of the window as the train started moving slowly away from the platform. It was a cloudless summer day, not what you would expect after last night’s storm. “I don’t think you’ll be needing that!” I told Rachel, looking at her huge green and pink spotted umbrella. “It’s a beautiful day – perfect for the Notting Hill ;

It was still early when we reached Notting Hill. We wandered happily around the stalls and admired the beautifully decorated floats. By the time the parade began, thousands of people had lined the streets to watch it. People in multi-coloured costumes were dancing to the rhythm of funky Caribbean music while others were taking photographs. “Look at that costume,” I shouted to Rachel, but there was no answer. I looked around but she was nowhere in sight. I had no idea what to do!

Just as I was beginning to panic, there was a huge clap of thunder. Minutes later, it started to pour with rain. “Oh no, that’s all I need,” I thought anxiously, trying to find a place to take cover from the rain. It was just then that a familiar green and pink plastic object caught my eye. It was Rachel’s umbrella! Quickly, I moved towards it.

Dripping wet but relieved, we entered the first cafe we found. “Who would have thought” I said to Rachel as I took a sip of hot coffee, “that a sudden downpour would be good luck!” “Yes,” Rachel replied, smiling, “… without it you wouldn’t have spotted my special umbrella, Sarah!”

Language Material

1 to admire- восхищаться

2 anxiously- тревожно, с волнением

3 to drip- капать, стекать

4 float- украшенная платформа

5 spotted- пятнистый

6 stall- прилавок

7 to wander- бродить, блуждать

Grammar Practice

Noun

1. Имя существительное-- это часть речи, которая обозначает предмет и отвечает на вопрос

What is this? Who is this?

2. Имена существительные обычно сопровождаются артиклями или другими определителями.

the table, this table, with sugar.

3. Имена существительные имеют два числа : единственное и множественное.

a table--tables

4. Имеют два падежа: общий и притяжательный.

worker--worker’s bag

5. Род имён существительных в английском языке определяется не формой слова, а его значением.

she--имена существительные, обозначающие лиц женского пола (a woman, a girl);

he--- имена существительные, обозначающие лиц мужского пола (a man, a boy);

it--- имена существительные, обозначающие неодушевлённые предметы, название животных, младенец (a window, a cat, a baby).

6. Имена существительные бываю простые (a car), производные(freedom), сложные (bedroom).

7. В предложении имена существительные выполняют функции подлежащего, именной части сказуемого, дополнения, обстоятельства.

Множественное число существительных.

Plural = Singular + (e)s

Особые случаи образования множественного числа существительных.

Образование множественного числа сложных имён существительных.

1. Write these words in Plural.

1. A pen, a wall, a week, a clock, a ship, a library, a watch, a dress, a country, a glass, a leaf, a colony, a day, a potato, a fox, a Negro, an eye, a language, a place, a shelf, a key, a roof, a knife, a bush, a month, a journey.

2. A man, a tooth, a swine, a German, a Frenchman, a foot, a mouse, a deer, an ox.

3. A postman, a son-in - law (зять), a fisherman, a schoolgirl, a sister-in-law (невестка, жена брата), a text-book, a pocket-knife, a passer-by, a statesman, a woman-lecturer, an editor-in-chief (главный редактор).

2. Write these sentences in Plural.

Запомните.

this is ---these are

that is-- those are

there is-- there are

it is --they are

1. This is a spider. 2. Is the window open? 3. That goose is big. 4. It is not a bad egg. 5. That is a new supermarket in our town. 6. There is a library in the center of the town. 7. That woman is my cousin. She is a teacher. 8. This boy has a good coat. 9. There is a flower in the vase. 10. That sheep is small.

The Possessive Case of the Nouns. (Whose?)

( Притяжательный падеж существительных)

3. Write these expressions in the Possessive case.

1. The ball of the dog. 2. The skateboard of that man. 3. The songs of the children. 4. The wife of my brother. 5. The poems of Pushkin. 6. The new club of the workers. 7. The handbags of these women. 8. The room of the boys is large. 9. The name of this girl is Jane. 10. He was a friend of my cousins.

4. Translate these sentences from Russian into English using the Possessive case of the Nouns.

1. Глаза у кошки зелёные. 2. Игрушки детей в большом ящике. 3. День рождения моего отца в мае. 4. Это любимый торт моей мамы. 5. Как зовут того молодого человека? 6. Дайте мне тетради ваших учеников. 7. Принесите вещи детей. 8. Чья это сумка?-- Это сумка Тома. 9. Чьи это словари?--Это словари студентов. 10. Это бабушкино кресло.

Oral Practice

1 Read the story and answer the questions.

1 Where did the story take place?

2 Who were the main characters?

3 What was the weather like?

4 What happened in the end?

2 Number the events in the order they happened (1-10) .

A ….There was a violent storm.

B….. The procession began.

C….. The girls took a look around.

D… The girls arrived in Notting Hill.

E…. The girls had coffee together.

F …Sarah saw Rachel’s umbrella.

G… Thousands of people lined the streets.

H …. The girls travelled to London by train.

I … Sarah got separated from Rachel.

J….The girls were reunited.

Reading practice

A: Hi John. Where are you off to?

B: Oh I've got aerobics class tonight. Fancy coming along?

A: Me? Aerobics class? I don't think so.

B: Not extreme enough for you, I suppose!

A: That's right.

B: By the way, how did the skydiving go?

A: Great. I've got a few bruises but I just love it! It's such an amazing sport!

B: And so what's learning to fly a plane?

A: No, but I'm going white-water rafting this weekend.

B: Really? Where?

A: You know, the big river in the national park. Why don't you come along? We'll have a great time.

B: Me? No way! I'd rather swim with sharks than down a river in a rubber boat.

A: Well, why not just come and watch then?

B: I suppose I could. I know - I'll bring my camera.

A: Yeah. You could get some great shots.

B: OK. Well, I'd better get going. I'll call you about it later.

A: OK. Bye.

Language Material

1 come along- идти вместе

2 white-water rafting- сплав на плотах

3 not extreme enough for you- не достаточно экстремальный для меня

4 skydiving- затяжные прыжки с парашютом

5 rubber boat-резиновая лодка

6 shark- акула

7 fly a plane – управлять самолетом

8 get great action shots-получить отличные кадры (фото)

Oral Practice

1. Find English equivalents in the dialogue:

Куда ты идешь; я полагаю; я не думаю так ; между прочим; у меня несколько синяков; это очен8ь увлекательный спорт; и так что следующее; я смог бы сделать несколько великолепных кадров; я позже позвоню тебе по поводу этого.

2 Which of the activities do you do/ play / go?

Gardening, white-water rafting, fishing, skydiving, martial arts, football, tennis, board games, snowboarding, archery, aerobics.

UNIT 7

Reading Practice

Teenage Fashion in the UK

The weather in the UK is well known for being cold and wet, but there is one thing that’s always hot and that’s the fashion! We spoke to three teenagers about their views on clothes and what they like wearing.

Jong (18)

“I think I’m reasonably well-dressed. I usually wear comfortable clothes that show a little bit of individuality. I love skateboarding, so most days you’ll find me in very baggy jeans, trainers and a hoodie; that’s a sweatshirt with a hood for those of you who don’t know! I’m not really bothered about brand names or logos. I tend to stick to cheaper clothes that won’t rip when I fall off my skateboard!”

Amy (17)

“I love keeping up with all the latest trends. It’s so easy to be fashionable these days as lots of top designers make clothes for the cheaper, high street shops. I spend too much time and money in all of them, but they are full of trendy, affordable clothes! So, what’s a girl supposed to do? Hit the shops of course!”

Liza 18)

“When it comes to fashion, I like to take my inspiration from many different places. Britain is a very multi-cultural place, so you see lots of different styles and trends all the time. I like picking up bargains at the street markets and second-hand shops. Then, I put these clothes together with things I have found on the high street. That way, I always stand out in a crowd! Young people today are so creative when it comes to fashion that pop stars are influenced by their style and not the other way round!”

Language material

1 reasonably well-dressed- довольно нарядный

2 individuality- индивидуальность

3 baggy – мешковатый

4 a hoodie- куртка с капюшоном

5 to bother about- беспокоиться о чём-либо

6 to tend to stick-стремиться придерживаться чего-либо

7 to keep up with- идти в ногу

8 a top designer- ведущий дизайнер

9 trendy- ультрамодный

10 affordable- доступный по ценам

11 inspiration- вдохновение

12 multi-cultural- многонациональный

13 to pick up bargains- дёшево покупать

14 to stand out in a crowd- выделяться из толпы

15 to influence- оказывать влияние

16 to hit the shops- опустошать магазины

Grammar practice

1. Personal Pronouns

Exercises

1. Write the pronouns in objective case.

1. These are very good exercises. Do (they) at home. 2. This engineer works with (I). I know (he) well. 3. Write these words out in your copy-books and learn (they). 4. Read this letter and translate (it) into English, please. 5. I know this girl. She works with (we).

Possessive Pronouns

Простая (присоединяемая) форма притяжательного местоимения подобно прилагательному употребляется в функции определения (стоит перед существительным)

This is my book .

Абсолютная (самостоятельная) форма притяжательного местоимения употребляется самостоятельно в функции подлежащего , составные части сказуемого ,дополнения.

Here is my copy-book. Вот моя тетрадь.

Where is yours (absolute)? Где твоя?

2. Translate these sentences from Russian into English.

1. Это ручка не моя может быть это ваша? 2. Можно мне пользоваться вашим учебником? Я свой оставил дома. 3. Я нашёл наши тетради. Где же их? 4. Не могли бы вы дать ей вашу книгу? Она забыла взять свою. 5. Я не могу пойти кататься на лыжах (to go skiing) . У меня нет лыж.-- Можете взять мои. Сегодня я не собираюсь идти на лыжах.

Oral Practice

1. Find English equivalents.

Оказывают влияние на поп звёзд своим стилем; очень многонациональное место; выделяться из толпы; большое количество различных стилей и трендов; полны ультрамодной доступной по средствам одежды; которая немного показывает индивидуальность; я стараюсь придерживаться более дешёвой одежды; это так легко быть модным сегодня; спортивная кофта; опустошать магазины.

2. Read the text again. Who (Amy, John , Lisa): Прочитайте текст снова. Кто это:

1 chooses clothes based on practical reasons?

2 likes to look different ?

3 has money to spend on trendy clothes?

4 doesn’t like dressing just to impress?

5 loves shopping?

3. Translate these sentences from Russian into English.

1. Я обычно ношу удобную одежду. 2. Моя подруга довольно нарядно одета.3. Ведущие дизайнеры создают одежду для более дешёвых магазинов и для более дорогих. 4. Молодые люди такие творческие, когда дело касается моды. 5. Мои друзья всегда выделяются из толпы. 6. Фионе нравиться покупать более дешёвую одежду на уличных рынках и в секонд хэндах. 7. Великобритания – это многонациональная страна. #1058;ебе нравиться опустошать магазины?

Test

1. Translate these words from English into Russian.

1. baggy
2. to tend
3. to pick up bargains
4. to influence
5. inspiration
6. reasonably well-dressed
7. to keep up with

2. Translate these words from Russian into English.

1. индивидуальность

2. опустошать магазины

3. выделяться из толпы

4. доступный по ценам

5. ультрамодный

6. ведущий дизайнер

7. куртка с капюшоном

8. многонациональный

3. Translate these sentences from English into Russian.

1. My friends always stand out in a crowd.
2. Top designers make clothes for the cheaper and high streets shops.

4. Translate these sentences from Russian into English.

1. Фиона либит покупать дешёвые вещи на уличных рынках и в секонд хэндах.
2. Ты любишь опустошать магазины?

UNIT 8

Reading Practice

Britain’s young consumers

There are over 9 million of them in Britain and they are the most powerful group of consumers. Who are they? Teenagers! A retailer’s ‘dream come true’. Each year they spend £6 billion.

Sweets and chocolates are still the number one best seller, but sales of mobile phone cards are catching up quickly, and they are expected to overtake sweets and chocolates very soon.

Modern technology is rapidly replacing traditional favourite pastimes such as board games and reading with video game consoles like PlayStation 2 and Xbox, which cost over £300. Quite a lot of teenagers have also joined clubs that involve extreme sports, such as gliding and parachuting. This means that parents are digging deeper into their pockets than ever before. They are handing out a massive £ billion to their teenagers every year, but is this enough? Obviously not, because this is only 60% of what they are spending!

Teenagers are making ends meet by doing odd jobs, such as helping with the chores around the house, delivering newspapers, and working weekends as sales assistants in shops. Although they earn and receive the same amount of money, girls spend more than boys.

How about you? Do you get enough money? Are you a big spender or a saver? Here is what some teenagers say:

1 ‘I can never resist buying the latest fashions, and I eat out with my friends at least once a week. I guess I’m quite rich for a teenager! I earn £50 a week from my weekend job, and my parents give me an extra £20.

(Patricia, 15, Swansea)

2 ‘I am a first year university student and I have to survive on my student loan, which is £70 a week. It’s not really enough. I had a credit card but I cut it up. I spend my money on snacks, bus fares, going to the gym and going ;

(Hayley, 19, Middlesex)

3‘I’m football crazy! I follow my team wherever they play. My parents give me £20 a week pocket money, and I earn an extra £40 a week helping my dad in his ;

(Lee, 14, Manchester)

4 ’I get £15 a week and I spend it on computer games, CDs, comics, going out – anything really. I can’t get a job at the moment because I’m studying for my ;

(Josh, 15, Enfield)

5‘I earn £20 a week by doing household chores for my parents. I’m mad about computer games and spend hours playing with my friends. My parents can’t afford to splash out on expensive things for me, so I save the money I earn from my Saturday ;

(Robert, 15, Kent)

6 ‘I get £10 a week. I enjoy going on shopping sprees and buying magazines. At the moment I’m saving up for a mobile ;

(Andy, 13, Devon)

Language Material

a consumer – потребитель

a retailer- розничный торговец

to catch up- догонять

to overtake- перегонять

to involve- включать

to dig deep in- тратить больше

obviously-очевидно

to make ends meet- сводить концы с концами

to lend- давать взаймы деньги

to borrow- занимать

household chores- домашние обязанности

to resist- устоять , воздержаться

to eat out- кушать вне дома

to survive- выживать

bus fare- плата за проезд на автобусе

a pocket money- карманные деньги

to afford- иметь возможность

to splash out- выкроить

shopping spree- поход по магазинам

to save up- копить

Grammar practice

Артикль – это служебное слово, которое употребляется перед существительным, оно безударно, и на русский язык не переводится.

The Definite Article

The Indefinite Article

No Article

Exercises

the article where is necessary.

1. My .....aunt are ....doctors. get up at 7 o’ clock in .... morning. 3. They go to ...bed at eleven o’clock. 4. I leave ...home at ...quarter past eight 5. Is there ...sofa in room? Yes, there sofa room. 6. Where --It is in ...corner of ...room left 7. There There is ...tea in ...glasses. 8. When do you watch ....TY. 9. ....TV-set is in 10. I have .....large writing-desk 11. There desk. do you do

the article where is necessary.

1. ....Russia occupies the eastern half of ...Europe and the northern third 2. ....climate part is severe. 3. I want to go York some day. 4. there are many long rivers: ....Ob.,..Irtysh. 5. ...Red Sea is between ....Africa and 6. ....Urals are not very high. Kazbek is ...highest peak is ...largest country in ... .world.

Oral Practice

1. Find English equivalents in the text.

Совершая походы по магазинам, я коплю на мобильный телефон, кушать в кафе (вне дома), я не могу получить работу, я зарабатываю дополнительно, не имеют возможности выкраивать деньги на дорогие вещи.

these words from Russian into English.

1Подростки ели сводят концы с концами . 2) Подростки- самая мощная группа покупателей. 3) Современные технологии быстро заменяют традиционные времяпровождения. 4) Я зарабатываю 20 фунтов в неделю, выполняя домашнюю работу для моих родственников.

these sentences from English into Russian.

1) The parents give Nick 20 pounds a week pocket money, and he earns an extra 40 pounds a week , helping his dad in his shop. 2) My parents cannot afford to splash out on expensive things for me , so I save the mone y, I earn from my Saturday job. 3) A lot of teenagers have also joined clubs that involve extreme sports. 4) At the moment my brother is saving up for a mobile phone.

Test

1. Translate these words from English into Russian.

1 to dig deep in one’s pocket

2 to overtake

3 to splash out

4 obviously

5 a retailer

6 to afford

7 household chores

2. Translate these words from Russian into English.

1 копить

2 плата за проезд в автобусе

3 выжить

4 занимать

5 воздержаться от чего-либо

6 сводить концы с концами

7. студенческий кредит

these sentences from English into Russian.

1 The parents give Nick 20 pounds a week pocket money and he earns an extra 40 pounds a week helping his dad in his shop.

2 My parents can’t afford to splash out on expensive things for me , so I save the money.

3 At the moment my brother is saving for a mobile phone.

4. Translate these sentences from Russian into English.

1 Подростки- самая мощная группа покупателей.

2 Современные технологии быстро заменяют традиционные времяпровождение.

3 Подростки ели сводят концы с концами, выполняя дополнительную работу.

UNIT 9

Reading Practice

Ballet at the Bolshoi.

A trip to the Bolshoi Theatre is an incredible experience, even before the performance begins. The theatre is a masterpiece of Russian neoclassical design. It seats over two thousand people in a realm of hanging chandeliers, gold decoration and red velvet furnishings.
The Bolshoi has a history that's almost as dramatic as one of its performances. The original theatre was Prince Urussov's Public Opera and Ballet Theatre, commissioned by Catherine the Great in 1776 and backed by the Englishman Michael Maddox.
The first disaster struck in 1805 when fire damaged it beyond repair. The architect, Osip Bove, designed a new building which opened in 1825. However, disaster struck again in 1853 when the theatre caught fire and the blaze raged for days. Almost all the interior was destroyed, but the outer walls remained more or less intact. The interior of the building was rebuilt in 1856 by the architect Albert Kavos.
The Bolshoi has always been associated with ballet, and it's the home of the Bolshoi Ballet troupe. It has hosted some of Russia's most famous performances and celebrated premieres by some of the best composers. Glinka's opera, A Life for the Tsar, premiered here on 7'" September. 1842, and Richard Wagner conducted a series of concerts here in 1863. In 1877, Tchaikovsky's Swan Lake was first performed here, and it remains a popular favourite. This century works by the composers Prokofiev and Shostakovich, as well as the 1960s hit, Spartacus, by Aram Khachaturyan were also performed at the Bolshoi Theatre.
The Bolshoi ballerinas, actors and opera singers may tour the world, but there's no better place to see the Bolshoi Theatre Company than right here in Moscow.

Language Material

1 incredible-невероятный

2 masterpiece- шедевр

3 realm-королевство

4 chandelier-люстра

5 performance- представление

6 disaster- бедствие

7 beyond repair- не подлежит ремонту

8 host-хозяин, владелец

9 conduct- дирижировать, проводить

Grammar Practice

Степени сравнения прилагательных

1. (такой же как)-the two parts of compared adjectives are

equal or the same in some way(сравнение одинаковых предметов).

The room is as clean as that room.

Эта комната такая же чистая как та комната.

2. not (не такой как)- negative of this.

It is not as hot today as it was yesterday.

Сегодня не так жарко как было вчера.

3. than (чем)-after comparatives of different things.(при сравнении разных предметов)

It is cheaper to go by car than to go by train.

Дешевле ехать на машине, чем на поезде.

4. the + comparative + the + comparative.(чем…тем)

The more we learn, the more we know.

Чем больше мы учим, тем больше мы знаем.

Exercises

1. Write these adjectives in comparative and superlative degree .

Hot, long, clever, fat, heavy, thin, new, wide, dirty, tall, dry, comfortable, important, difficult, interesting, good, much, bad, little, many, far.

2. Underline the adjective, determine the type of degree. Translate the sentence from English into Russian.

1. English is as difficult as German. 2. My composition is not as long as yours. 3. You can eat as much as you like. 4. The hotel isn’t as cheap as we Her brother is as intelligent as his The new cinema in our district is much bigger than the old What is your height? You are taller than me. 8. He was one of the most experienced workers at the factory. 9. I need a warmer coat. 10. This is the smallest room in our flat.

3. Translate these sentences from Russian into English.

1. Эта работа легче, чем та. 2. Этот роман более увлекательный, чем тот. 3. Её сын такой же вежливый, как и она. 4. Эта работа такая же интересная, как твоя. 5. Это были самые счастливые дни в её жизни. 6. Мой папа - высокий мужчина. 7. Я считаю, что твоя бабушка самая добрая женщина.

Test.

1

1. Напишите прилагательные в сравнительной и превосходной степени.

Small, big, happy, cold, brave, far, thin, good, expensive, beautiful.

2. Переведите предложения на русский язык. Определите степень сравнения прилагательных

1. My room is as light as this one. 2. A footballmatch is not as exciting as a hockey match. 3. He is one of the most dangerous criminals in the world. 4. Nevsky Prospect is much more beautiful than our street.

2

1. Write these adjectives in comparative and superlative degree.

Warm, bad, heavy, fat, nice, much, wide, exciting, careful, new.

2. Underline the adjective, determine its degree. Translate from English into Russian.

1. Her eyes are greyer than mine. 2. He was the thinnest man in the village. 3. Johnny is not as rich as Don but he is younger and much happier. 4. Kate is as lazy as her brother.

Oral Practice

1. Find English equivalents

1 были исполнены

2 всегда ассоциировался

3 некоторые из самых известных композиторов

4 первое бедствие

5 в королевстве люстр

6 был разрушен

7 был восстановлен

8 но нет лучше места

2. Answer the questions to the text.

1 Is the Bolshoi Theatre a masterpiece of Russian neoclassical design ?

2 What was the name of the original theatre?

3 When did the first disaster strike?

4 When was the interior of the building rebuilt?

5 When did Richard Wagner conduct a series of concerts at the Bolshoi Theatre ?

6 When was Tchaikovsky’s Swan Lake first performed at the Bolshoi Theatre?

UNIT 10

Reading Practice

Great British Sporting Events

1. The Oxford and Cambridge Boat Race

The Boat Race is a rowing race along the River Thames. It takes place each spring on the River Thames. The 18 competitors (9 in each boat) must be students at Oxford or Cambridge University. They train extremely hard, six days a week for six months before the race.

В) The London Marathon

If you get out of breath running for the bus, then can you imagine running 26 miles (about 42 km)? Every year, usually in April, this is exactly what around 40,000 people do when they take part in the London Marathon. It’s a serious athletic event which offers big prize money for the winners, but the majority of runners do it for fun or to raise money for charity.

С) Royal Ascot

Royal Ascot is a 5-day horse racing event at the Ascot race course in Berkshire. Each year, about people buy tickets to watch the races. Ascot is very popular with members of the royal family and the rich and famous, but anyone is welcome to go. Royal Ascot is a fashion show too! TV presenters love to comment on what everyone’s wearing, especially the ladies’ smart hats!

D) Wimbledon

Anyone for tennis? Every June, the world’s oldest and most famous tennis championship takes place in Wimbledon in London. The tournament lasts for two weeks. Hundreds of spectators queue for hours for tickets to see the world’s top players compete. It’s not just the tennis they go for either! Strawberries and cream are the traditional snack at Wimbledon. 28,000 kilos of strawberries and 7,000 litres of cream are sold every year!

Language Material

1 competitor- участник соревнований

2 extremely- очень

3 get out of breath - запыхаться

4 take part in – принимать участие

5 offer- предложить

6 majority- большинство

7 raise money for charity- собирать деньги на благотворительность

8 spectator зритель

9 queue- очередь

10 compete- соревноваться

Grammar Practice

Модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты.

Модальные глаголы-- это глаголы, которые выражают не само действие, а отношение к этому действию.

Can, may, must, should.

Особенности модальных глаголов.

1. не изменяются по лицам, числам.

He can write well. I can swim.

2. употребляются в Рresent Indefinite, Past Indefinite: “must” только в Present Indefinite.

3. всегда употребляются с неопределённой формой глагола без «to»

I must go to the library.

4. в отрицательной и в вопросительной форме не имеют вспомогательных глаголов.

Мay I come in? No, you may not.

Can (could)

1. Обозначает

умение, физическую возможность

2. Перевод

мочь, уметь

Can=To be able to

Exercises.

1. Underline the predicates, tense, translate from English into Russian.

1. Her grandmother can knit very well.

2. Mike can run very fast.

3. Can you speak Spanish?

4. I can sing, but I cannot dance.

5. Can’t you wait till tomorrow morning?--I can wait, but toothache can’t.

6. Could you help me?

7. My mother could not go to the cinema yesterday, she was busy.

8. She will not be able to get to the airport on time.

9. I was not able to do this work yesterday.

10. He is able to write English well.

2. Disagree these sentences, ask questions.

1. He can skate well. (-, can, who, how)

2. They could work here yesterday. (-, could, who, where)

3. His mother was able to cook well. (-, was, how)

4. Nick will be able to do this work tomorrow. (--, will, who, what)

3. Translate these sentences from Russian into English.

1. Я умею говорить по- английски.

2. Мой папа не умеет говорить по- немецки.

3. В прошлом году я не умел кататься на лыжах.

4. Завтра я буду свободен и смогу помочь тебе.

May (Might)

#1054;бозначает.

Разрешение

2. Перевод.

Можно

May==to be allowed to

Exercises.

4. Underline the predicates. Tense. Translate from English into Russian.

1. May I invite Nick to our house? 2. Don’t go to the wood alone: you may lose your way. 3. You may not cross the street when the light is red 4. It stopped raining, and mother told us that we might go out. 5. We are allowed to stay at home. 6. The children were allowed to play hockey. 7. The girl will be allowed to buy this dress.

5. Disagree these sentences, ask questions.

1. The man might borrow this car.(-, might, who, what)

2. The students may take these text-books. (-, may, who, what)

3. She was allowed to wear this dress last week. (-, was, who, when)

4. The child is allowed to take this apple.

5. The students will be allowed to use vocabularies at the exam.

6. Translate from Russian into English using “can”, “;

1. Здесь курить нельзя. #1045;му не позволили курить у них в доме. 3. Мой брат умет хорошо говорить по-английски. 4. Дети умели плавать прошлым летом.

“Must”

1. Обозначает

1. обязанность, приказ

2. вынужденная необходимость

2. Перевод

должен, надо, нужно

Must= to have to

to be to

Exercises

7. Read and translate these sentences from English into Russian.

1. He must work systematically if he wants to know French well.

2. This child must spend more time out in the open air.

3. I have not written the composition . I shall have to write it on Sunday.

4. Mary has to go there.

5. They had to call the doctor because the grandmother was ill.

6. He was to tell her where to find us.

7. He is to come here at five o’clock.

8. They will be to stay here till Monday.

8. Disagree these sentences, ask questions.

1. The doctor must examine the child. (-, must, whom, who)

2. I had to go to the hospital to visit my aunt. (-, did, whom, who)

3. We were to get there before the others. (-,who, were, when)

4. Pete has to stay at home because it is cold. (-, does, why, who)

from Russian into English using “must, may, ;

1. Можно мне взять вашу книгу? 2. На уроке английского языка вы должны говорить только по- английски.3. Можно мне Вам задать вопрос? 4. Я не могу пойти с вами в кино, так как я очень занят. 5. Я должен сегодня поговорить со своим другом. 6. Вы умеете хорошо плавать?

Oral Practice……………

1. Read the text again/ Which event A, B, C or D?

1 offers a cash prize?

2 lasts the longest?

3 is attended by British royalty?

4 is a competition between two teams?

2. Translate these word combinations from English into Russian.

1 extremely hard 2 race course 3 presenters 4 to comment on 5 smart hats 6 the world’s top players 7 the traditional snack 8 are sold every year 8 hundreds of spectators queue 9 big prize money for winners.

3. Choose the correct words and translate these sentences from English into Russian.

1 The directors/ presenters of all the major TV channels comment on the fashions at Royal Ascot.

2 The spectators / audience cheer the tennis players on at Wimbledon .

3 About 40,000 competitors/ rowers run in the London Marathon each year.

UNIT 11

Reading Practice

Rainbow of Food

1. Red foods get you moving. They give you that extra boost when you really need it the most. What’s more, eating foods in this group will protect you from many serious illnesses and can keep older people active for longer. So, have you got a big game tonight? Is it your turn to do the gardening? Then go ahead and treat yourself to one or even two of your favourite red foods.
2. Orange foods are brain food. They help you keep your mind on things and really improve your powers of concentration. On the physical side, foods like mangoes, oranges and peaches have lots of vitamin C. This is important because that’s the vitamin that helps your body fight off infections. As everyone knows, carrots are also fantastic for your eyesight. After all, you’ve never seen a rabbit wearing glasses, have you?
3. Yellow foods are nature’s way of helping us to stay happy. They make you more optimistic. Imagine that you’re feeling a bit down in the dumps. Eat a banana and you’ll feel a bit better. Eat a couple of slices of pineapple and you’ll feel a smile coming on and by the time you finish your tall glass of lemonade, you’ll be grinning from ear to ear! What could be easier? Enjoying yellow foods is better for you, emotionally, than hearing the best jokes in the world. Broccoli, lettuce and cucumbers are all green foods. These foods are great when you want to relax, calm yourself down or keep your emotions under control. Green foods are good for you because they contain vitamins and minerals that keep your teeth and bones strong and healthy, so next time your mum tells you to eat all your peas don’t complain, just do it. Remember, mums always know what’s best for you, no matter how old you are!
4. You’ve had a hard day and now you just want to flop in front of the TV for a bit before you go to bed. When your tummy starts rumbling you go in search of a quick snack – but what should you eat? The best thing at this time of the day is something blue. Blue foods are soothing, both emotionally and physically, and prepare you for a good night’s rest. Say goodnight with a delicious bowl of blueberries or a handful of tasty raisins.
5. Shakespeare, Da Vinci and Picasso must have all been fans of purple foods. This is because fruits and vegetables like figs, prunes and beetroot make people more creative. If that isn’t a good enough reason to eat them, then think about this … purple foods can keep you looking young! Imagine being eighty years old, but looking as if you’re forty and just about to finish writing your second best-selling novel. Bring on the purple foods!

Language Material

1 boost-стимул, энергия

2 protect- защищать

3 brain-мозг

4 fight off- бороться

5 imagine- вообразить

6 grin широко улыбаться

7 keep emotions under control-контролировать эмоции

8 eyesight-зрение

9 complain-жаловаться

10 rumble- урчать

11 soothing- успокаивающий

12 handful- горсть

13 creative- творческий

Grammar Practice

Test.

1.Translate these sentences from Russian into English using modal verbs.

1. Можно мне войти?

2. Студенты должны выучить эти слова.

3. Мэри умеет рисовать хорошо.

2. Underline the predicates, determine the tense and translate from English into Russian. Disagree the sentence. Ask a question to the sentence, beginning with the word.

The father has to meet their friends here ( Whom… )

She could work well. ( Could ).

The child was allowed to select an apple. ( What … ).

2.

1. Translate these sentences from Russian into English using modal verbs.

Мой друг умеет хорошо бегать.

Разрешите мне выйти ?

Вы должны пойти в школу.

2. Underline the predicates, determine the tense and translate from English into Russian. Disagree the sentence. Ask a question to the sentence , beginning with the word.

My mother has to get up early every day. ( When… ).

We were allowed to take these books yesterday. ( Were … ).

Helen could count well. ( Who… ).

……………………………………;…………………………………………………..

1. Translate these sentences from Russian into English using modal verbs.

Они могут взять эти книги.

Ребёнок должен повторять слова за учителем.

Его сын умеет хорошо говорить по-английски.

2. Underline the predicates, determine the tense and translate from English into Russian. Disagree the sentence. Ask a question to the sentence , beginning with the word.

She is able to cook well. ( How … ).

They might play in the park . ( Where … )

He will have to work in the evening. ( When……. ).

Oral Practice……………

1. Find English equivalents in the text.

1 ты действительно нуждаешься в ней ;

2 от многих серьезных заболеваний;

3 твои силы концентрации;

4 с физиологической стороны;

5 бороться против инфекций ;

6 наслаждение едой желтого цвета;

7 что может быть легче;

8 когда ты хочешь расслабиться;

9 в поисках чего-нибудь быстро перекусить;

10 фанаты еды фиолетового цвета.

2. Find the verbs /phrases which mean :

1 eat or buy sth you really enjoy

2 get rid of

3 depressed and miserable

4 smiling broadly

5 looking for

3. Answer the questions to the text.

1 What foods get you moving?

2 Orange foods are brain food , aren’t they?

3 Do yellow foods make you more optimistic?

4 Are green foods or blue foods great when you want to relax?

5 Who must have all been fans of purple foods?

Test

1Translate fro English into Russian.

1 boot

2 fight off

3 keep emotion s

4 soothing

5handful

2 Translate these words from Russian into English.

1 защищать

2 вообразить

3 зрение

4 жаловаться

5 творческий

3 Translate these sentences from English into Russian.

1 Yellow foods are natives way of helping us to stay happy.

2 Purple foods make people more creative.

3 Green foods are great when you want to relax and keep your emotions under control.

4 Translate these sentences from Russian into English.

1 Еда оранжевого цвета- это еда мозга.

2 Еда красного цвета приводит тебя в движение.

3 Еда синего цвета- успокаивающая как эмоционально так и физически.

UNIT 12

Reading Practice

Beautiful Nepal!

Sun 5th April – Kathmandu

We arrived safely in a very foggy Kathmandu after our short but delayed flight from India. We caught a local bus to the hotel, passing street vendors, beggars, shoeshine boys and even a barber with his chair and cracked mirror out on the pavement! This morning we escaped the dust, noise and pollution of the city to visit the incredible Monkey Temple up in the hills. There really were hundreds of monkeys there —- they were running around everywhere. There were lots of steps to climb but it was worth it — the view of the snowy peaks of the Himalayas in the distance was absolutely breathtaking!

Tues 7th April – The Himalayas

We woke up yesterday morning feeling so excited! Finally the day we would begin our 2-day trekking excursion to the Himalayas had arrived! We took a small plane journey from Kathmandu and then trekked for hours up and down the rocky mountain trail. It was hot in the bright mountain sun but quite cold wherever there was some shade. You can’t imagine how spectacular the scenery was! We finally reached a village called Phakding where we put up our tent and camped outside a teahouse. We tried some local dishes, which were delicious, and then got into our sleeping bags. It got cold very quickly once the sun had gone down! I awoke the next morning to the most amazing sunrise I had ever seen! I took a walk down to the river where I ran into two young boys playing. They were really friendly. Nepalese villages are very poor, but everyone we met in the mountains seemed happy.

Thurs 9th April – Bhaktapur

Returning from the mountains, Kathmandu seemed even busier than when we left! We took a taxi to the ancient town of Bhaktapur today as we had heard that its annual festival Bisket Jatra was taking place. When we got there, we hired a guide, who took us to see the noisy tug-of-war contest that kicks off the festival every year. Apparently, the festival is based on a fairy tale and continues for days. It includes a wild parade, a candlelit procession and two more tugs-of-war! Later in the day, we went on a guided tour of Bhaktapur’s magnificent temples, then we went shopping for souvenirs. The city is full of craftsmen selling paintings and handicrafts. I bought some beautiful pottery and Jake found a fantastic pair of hand-made drums!

Sat 11th April – Home Sweet Home!

Jake and I finally put on our backpacks for the last time and flew home today after 5 weeks, 4 countries, 2 nasty viruses and countless temples, mountains, beaches and cheap campsites and hotels! I’ll never forget the amazing experiences I’ve had backpa ёcking through Asia, but right now I’m looking forward to some home comforts and a good night’s sleep…

Language Material

1 arrive- прибывать

2 delayed- задержанный , отложенный

3 beggar-нищий, попрошайка

4 pavement- тротуар

5 breathtaking- захватывающий дух

6 trekking excursion- экскурсия пешком

7 mountain trail- горная тропа

8 scenery- пейзаж

9 hire- нанимать

10 tug-of-war contest- конкурс перетягивания каната

11 kick off- начинать, давать старт

12handicraft- изделие ручной работы

13 craftsman- ремесленник

14 countless- бесчисленный

15 backpack- рюкзак, участвовать в туристическом походе

Grammar Practice

Infinitive

Инфинитив – это неличная форма глагола , которая обозначает действие или состояние безотносительно лица, к которому оно относится. Инфинитив совмещает в себе функции существительного и глагола.

I am afraid to dive.

He is afraid to dive.

They are afraid to dive.

Формы инфинитива

1. Инфинитив в форме Simple выражает действие, одновременное с действием основного глагола.

John is glad to see Susan. Джон рад видеть Сьюзен.

2. Инфинитив в форме Continuous не только обозначает действие, совпадающее по времени с действием глагола-сказуемого, но и указывает на его длительный характер.

They seem to be quarrelling. Кажется, они ссорятся (в данный момент).

3. Инфинитив в форме Perfect обозначает действие, которое свершилось раньше действия, выраженного глаголом-сказуемым.

I am glad to have seen you. Я рад, что увиделся с вами (действие уже свершилось).

4. Инфинитив в форме Perfect Continuous обозначает длительное действие, которое началось ранее другого действия, выраженного глаголом-сказуемым.

She seems to have been dressing for years. Кажется, она одевается уже сто лет.

Инфинитив, образованный от переходных глаголов, имеет также формы действительного и страдательного залога (Active and Passive Voice). Употребление этих форм зависит от того, само ли подлежащее выполняет действие, указанное инфинитивом (Active Voice), или действие направлено на подлежащее (Passive Voice).

I like to give presents to my friends (Active) and I also like to be given presents (Passive).

Отрицательная форма образуется с помощью отрицательной частицы, которая ставится перед инфинитивом: to do – not to do, to be – not to be, to read – not to read.

He told me not to go there alone. Try not to smoke.

Инфинитив очень широко употребляется в современном английском языке. Мы можем его встретить после:

Функции инфинитива в предложении:

1. Подлежащее: To travel is exciting.
2. Часть сказуемого: Our aim is to learn English well. You must study hard. It started to rain in the morning.
3. Дополнение: He will be pleased to help you.
4. Определение: I am sorry, I am the last to come.
5. Обстоятельство:

1. Обстоятельство цели: I have come to help you.

б) Обстоятельство следствия: It is too dark now to go for a walk.

в) Обстоятельство образа действия: He looked at me to show his interest.

Инфинитив в функции обстоятельства цели отвечает на вопросы What for? (зачем? Для чего?) For what purpose? (с какой целью?) и переводится союзами «чтобы» и «для того чтобы». Часто перед инфинитивом в этой функции употребляется союз «in order to» (для того чтобы):

I phoned you to discuss a very important problem. We came to the party in order to enjoy ourselves.

To-infinitive используется:

- для выражения цели. She went to the supermarket to buy some cheese.

- после определенных глаголов, которые относятся к будущему: agree, appear, decide, expect, hope, plan, promise, refuse, want.

I expect him to be here.

- после would like, would prefer, would love, например:

I would love to come to your party.

- после прилагательных, которые описывают чувства, желания, черты характера. I was sad to hear you were not feeling well.

- после toо\ enough: She is old enough to watch the film.

- после глаголов и выражений: ask, decide, explain, find out, learn, want, want to know.

- в выражениях: to tell you the truth, to be honest, to sum up, to begin with. To sum up, the government needs to take measures to deal with unemployment more effectively.

Инфинитив без «to»:

• после модальных глаголов. Sally can speak Portuguese fluently.
• после глаголов: let, make, see, hear, feel. The let him travel on his own.
• после выражений: had better, would rather. You had better put a jacket on.

После глагола help может использоваться инфинитив с to или без to. She helped me (to) carry the desk.

Exercises

1. Make up several sentences from each table.

“to” before the infinitive where it is necessary. Translate from English into Russian.

You look tired. You had better … go home. 2. I wanted … speak to Nick, but could not … find his telephone number. 3. It is time … get up. 4. Let me … help you with your homework. 5. I was planning … do a lot of things yesterday. 6. I’d like … speak to you.

3 . Translate from English into Russian.

1To do and to say are different things. 2To eat a lot is not good for health. 3 To love children is absolutely natural. 4 It is better first to think and to say. 5 It is not nice to shout at anybody . 6 It is important to discuss this matter today. 7 Who helped you to translate this article. 8 My friend’s idea is to sell his car and to buy a new one.

4. Translate from Russian into English using the Infinitive .

1 Учиться никогда не поздно. Курить- плохо для здоровья. 3 Я рад пригласить вас на вечер. 4 Я рад, что меня приглашают на вечер. 5 Мы взяли такси, чтобы приехать на вокзал.6 Погода была слишком хорошая, чтобы сидеть дома.

Oral Practice

1 Read the text again and decide if the statements are true or false. Correct the false statements.

1 The weather wasn’t very good when the travellers arrived in Kathmandu.

5. Kathmandu was clean and quiet .
6. The view from the Himalayas was great.
7. The two young boys asked the travellers for money .
8. Bhaktapur is a modern town.
9. Bisket Jatra takes place once a year.
10. Bisket Jatra lasts a week.
11. Jake and the author went back home by plane.
12. The author missed home .
13. The author didn’t sleep at all during the holiday.

2 Answer the questions .

1 What was the weather like in Kathmandu ? the Himalayas?

2 What means of transport did they use while in Nepal?

3 Where did they do and see in each place?

3 Complete the sentences using these words. Translate from English into Russian.

Pavement, annual, delayed, ancient, local, hired.

1 She arrived in London after a….flight from Lisbon.

2 The ….. dishes were delicious.

3 Have you ever been to the ….city of Machu Picchu?

4 Notting Hill Carnival is an ….festival in London.

5 They …a guide to show them around.

14. The …..was crowded with people.

Test

1 Translate these words from English into Russian.

1 arrive

2 beggar

3 breathtaking

4 mountain trail

5 hire

6. kick off

7 сraftsman

2 Translate these words from Russian into English.

1 отложенный

2 тротуар

3 экскурсия пешком

4 пейзаж

5 конкурс перетягивания каната

6 изделие ручной работы

7 бесчисленный

3 Translate these sentences from English into Russian.

1 This morning we escaped the dust , noise and pollution of the city to visit the incredible Monkey Temple up in the hills.

2 Returning from the mountains , Kathmandu seemed even busier then when we left .

3 The city is full of craftsmen selling paintings and handicrafts.

4Translate these words from Russian into English.

1 Вид снежных вершин Гималайских гор на расстоянии был захватывающим.

2 Я никогда е забуду удивительного опыта, который я приобрел , участвуя в туристических походах по Азии.

3 Вы не можете себе представить каким удивительным был пейзаж .

UNIT 13

Reading Practice

A Voyage up the Volga

We began our journey in the historic city of Volgograd with an inspirational trip to Mamayev Kurgan to see the enormous statue, The Motherland Calls. This city witnessed the full horror and heroism of World War II and the statue celebrates the enduring spirit of the Russian people. Then, we headed back to the centre, which has risen from the ashes to become a major crossroads of transportation, and strolled along the promenade by the river before boarding our boat to begin the adventure of a lifetime.

Over the next few days the boat stopped at many small villages, and we sailed past Saratov, Samara and Simbirsk. In every village there were small shops and street vendors selling clothes, matryoshka dolls and amber jewellery. It was a great chance to see rural life in Russia, and the people we met were incredibly hospitable. Back on the boat, we loved chatting with our new-found friends from all around the world.

The third day of our trip brought us to Kazan, where the Volga meets the Kazanka River. Kazan is half Russian, half Tartar and completely charming. In the upper part of the city, we visited the Kazan Kremlin, where we saw the amazing Annunciation Cathedral and the mysterious leaning Soyembika Tower. Then, in the lower part of the city, we visited some magnificent Muslim mosques.

As the river carried us further, Nizhny Novgorod came into view, standing on a high hill where the Volga meets the Oka River. The red brick towers of the grand Kremlin dominate the skyline and the Archangel Cathedral lies within its historic walls. From there we visited many of the city's famous abbeys, such as the Monastery of the Caves and the Annunciation Monastery.

We sailed onwards to Kostroma - a city that's almost as old as Moscow. The streets fan out from the central square, and we marvelled at the medieval peasant homes and the golden domes of the Ipatiev Monastery. The Epiphany Cathedral, with the 10"' century Byzantine icon. Our Lady of St Theodore, was also truly remarkable.

Finally, our voyage brought us to Yaroslavl. The 17h century red brick churches were delightful with their brightly tiled exteriors and fantastic frescos. At the Spaso-Preobrazhensky Monastery we saw many wonderful religious icons as well as the original manuscript of the Russian literary treasure, The Lay of Igor's Host. All too soon it was time to leave, but as we caught the train back to Moscow we knew that we had taken a journey that would live in our hearts forever.

Language Material

1 inspirational-вдохновляющий

2 enormous- громадный

3 the Mother Calls- Родина Зовет

4 witness- свидетельствовать

5 enduring- стойкий

6 ashes- пепел

7 crossroad перекресток-

8 stroll along- прогуляться по

9 marvel- удивляться

10 exteriors- экстерьеры

Grammar Practice

Perfect Continuous.

1. Perfect Continuous is an analytical form which is built up by means of the auxiliary verb to be in Perfect and the Participle I.

Have + been + Participle I (V + ing)

2. Perfect Continuous expresses an action in progress which began before the moment of speaking and continues into it. It uses the prepositions since , for . Времена группы Perfect Continuous обозначают действие, которое началось в указанный момент и совершается во второй момента, часто включая

его. Употребляются предлоги с (с тех пор, как), в течение (какого-то времени)

Времена группы Perfect Continuous в страдательном залоге НЕ употребляются ..

Exercises.

1. State the tense-form of the italicized verbs, then translate the sentences into Russian.

1. How long have you been doing this translation? 2. I have been waiting an hour and a half for you. 3. He ' s been working here since 1980. 4. He says he had been studying English for two years before he came to work here. 5. I was told your friend had been waiting half an hour before you rang me up . 6. I have not seen him since last month. What has he been doing ? 7. Since when has the man been sitting here? 8. How long has this question been under consideration? 9. "Have you known Sedov long? "" Yes, I ' ve known him since 1980. " 10. Why did not you look for the journal yourself? 11. What were you all looking for when I came in ? said he had looked for the magazine everywhere, but could not find I ' d been looking for my notebook the whole morning before I finally discovered it under the newspaper. 14. The tickets have not booked yet. 15. Call the children in. They ' ve been playing outside since early morning. 16. The passengers could not go into the compartment because their berths were being set up. 17. When the passengers went into the compartment, the porter was fixing a new lamp for them.

2. Translate these sentences from Russian into English. Underline the predicates, what tense.

1. Она читает книги каждый день. 2. Она читала эту книгу вчера. 3. Она будет читать эту книгу завтра. 4. Она читает эту книгу сейчас. 5. Она читала эту книгу в 6 часов вчера. 6. Она будет читать эту книгу с 7 до 8 дней. 7. Она уже прочитала эту книгу. 8. Она прочитала эту книгу к понедельнику. 9. Она прочитает эту книгу к пятнице.10. Она читает эту книгу с 2 часов. 11. Она читала эту книгу в течение двух часов, когда я пришёл. 11. Она будет читать эту книгу в течение двух часов, когда я приду.

Test

1вариант.

Copy out sentences in Perfect Continuous, underline the predicate, translate from English into Russian.

1. Where is your luggage? - I left it at the station.

2. Have you ever acted on the stage? - Yes, that's what I have been doing for the last six years.

3. Do not enter the bedroom. The child is sleeping there.

4. He began to write his composition at 3 o'clock.

5. How long have been waiting for me?

6. He will have been writing a letter for 2 hours when I come.

7. He has just approached the door when she entered.

8. He had been writing the composition for 3 hours when I came to see him.

9. The student had written the test by dinner- time.

10. The husband had been waiting for 13 minutes when at last he saw his wife at the end of the station.

2. Вариант.

1. Has his elder daughter been working here for a long time?

2. This man is a writer. He writes books.

3. My friend is running now.

4. He has been running for ten minutes without rest.

5. I do not think she had been wearing this dress long. It looked quite new.

6. His friend started learning English long ago.

7. My parents will have been cooking dinner for 2 hours when the guests come.

8. When did Petrov raise this question for the first time?

9. The children had been playing outside since early morning when the parents came.

10. The passengers could not go into the compartment because their berths were being set

Oral Practice

1. Find English Equivalents:

История города; стойкий дух русских людей; уличные продавцы; сельская жизнь; драгоценные изделия из янтаря; гостеприимный ; со всего мира; башни из красного камня; практически такой же старый как Москва; крестьянские дома средневековья; в наших сердцах; было время уезжать.

2. Answer the questions to the text.

1 What did Volgograd witness?

2 In every village there were small shops and street vendors , weren’t there ?

3 In what city does the Volga meet the Kazanka River?

4 Is Kazan half Russian half Tatar?

5 Where does the Volga meet the Oka River?

6 Where can you see the original manuscript of the Russian treasure ‘’ The Lay of Igor’s Host?

3. Fill the missing words.

1 Volgograd witnessed the full horror and heroism of …..

2 Back on the boat we loved chatting with our new-found friends from…..

3 We sailed ….to Kostroma.

4 The Archangel Cathedral lies within …….

5 At …… we saw the original manuscript of…….

UNIT 14

Reading Practice

3 things I couldn’t live without.

Sarah Tyson (New Zealand), age 16, high school student, likes: shopping & friends

"I'm not really into computers, gadgets and things like that, but I have to admit I really can't imagine life without my iPod®! It's amazing being able to store the whole of your music collection on one tiny device. I like to listen to it when I'm walking to and from school. Also, I'd find it almost impossible to be without my mobile phone. I just couldn't organise my social life without it, and my parents only allow me to stay out late on Saturday if I keep calling them. They want to know where I am. I've just bought a digital camera with my birthday money. It's fantastic. I've taken so many photos of my friends. In fact, I'm even considering a career as a ;

Andy Cooper (UK), age 19, Physics student, likes: music & video games

"I'm a complete techno freak, so it's hard to pick just three things I couldn't live without! Firstly, though, I guess no one these days can survive without their mobile. Mine has got quite a good voice recorder on jt so I often use it to record my university lectures so that I can listen to them again at home. It's really handy. The second thing I really love is the portable DVD player that I won in a competition last year. I'm studying at a university far away from my home town so it's really nice to be able to put on my headphones and watch movies on the long bus journey back. I'm a bit ashamed to admit it but I'm totally hooked on my PlayStation 2®! I know I'm 19 but I am still very keen on it. I can play for hours!

Tina Appleby (USA), age 33, accountant, likes: cinema & photography

"I'm a businesswoman so I suppose it goes without saying that I really couldn't live without my laptop and PDA. I'm not a naturally organised person so my PDA in particular really helps me out. I use it as a diary, I change documents on it when I'm on the move and yes, I even play games on it on the underground on my way to work! Jt keeps my whole life together to the extent that I would feel quite lost without it! And my laptop allows me to store all the information my clients need. I don't have to carry lots of heavy files when I visit them.

Apart from work, I've always had a passion for photography, so my absolute favourite gadget at the moment is my new digital camcorder. I'm having so much fun making home movies. I edit them using software on my laptop. It's a great ;

Language Material

1 gadget-техническая новинка

2 camcorder-видеокамера

3 convenient- удобный

4 device- устройство

5 digital camera-фотоаппарат

6 to edit- редактировать

7 embarrassed-смущенный

8 headphones- наушники

9 handy-удобный

10 impossible-невозможный

11 laptop- ноутбук

12 passion- страсть

13 PDA(personal digital assistant)- карманный персональный компьютер

14 techno freak- фанат техники

15voice recorder- диктофон

16 walkman-кассетный плейер

Grammar Practice

Passive Voice

В английском языке 2 залога действительный(Active Voice) ,страдательный(Passive Voice).

Глагол в действительном залоге показывает, что подлежащее само выполняет действие.

Глагол в страдательном залоге показывает, что подлежащее испытывает на себе воздействие со стороны.

To be+ Participle2

Способы перевода

1. при помощи глагола ,быть, в прошедшем или в будущем времени с причастием в прошедшем времени.

The work was done in time.

Эта работа была сделана во время.

2. глаголом в 3. лице единств, числа с окончанием ,ся, ,ться.

This work is done by the students well. Pr. Ind. P. V.

Эта работа выполняется студентами хорошо.

3. безличным предложением

This question was discussed at the Ind. P. V.

Этот вопрос был обсужден на собрании.

By- лицо, предмет, производящее действие.

This story was written by me.

Этот рассказ был написан мною.

With-указано орудие действия

Bread is cut with a knife.

Хлеб режется ножом.

Как переделать действительный залог в страдательный.

1. найти в предложении подлежащее, сказуемое, дополнение.

2. дополнение действительного залога сделать подлежащим страдательного залога.

3. сказуемое поставить в страдательный залог.

4. подлежащее действительного залога сделать дополнением страдательного залога.

Tolstoy wrote this book. P. V.

This book was written by Tolstoy. P. Ind. P.

The Passive Voice.

Exercises.

the predicate, tense, voice. Translate from English into Russian.

1. We study many interesting subjects at the university. Many interesting subjects are studied by us at the university.

2. They usually sent their children to camp for summer. The children were usually sent to camp for summer.

3. The rector will receive you at 3 o’clock. You will be received on Monday.

2. Determine the sentences in Passive Voice. Translate from English into Russian.

1. The delegation will be met at the station.

2. The delegation will be at the station at 5 o’clock.

3. The delegation is to be at the station at 5 o’clock.

4. The workers are installing their new equipment.

5. The workers are to install the new equipment.

6. The workers are told to install the new equipment.

the predicate, determine the tense , disagree the sentence and write questions to the underlined words.

1. This element was discovered in 1897.

2. He was asked two questions.

3. The article was written by my sister.

4.They were told a very strange story.

4. Use the verb in the correct form of the Passive Voice. Underline the predicate, determine the tense, translate from English into Russian.

meeting (to hold) next month.

2. The library (to close) at 6 o’clock yesterday.

3. A lot of experiments (to make) in this laboratory every year.

4. Great contributions (to make) by Russian scientists into the development of chemistry.

5. Write these sentences in the Passive Voice .

bought him a computer last year.

2. She changes her plans every hour.

3. They never tell me the news.

4. She will read the children a very interesting story next lesson.

5. They sold us the house very cheap.

6. Translate these sentences from Russian into English using the Passive Voice .

1. Эти предметы изучаются в школе.

2. Телеграмму пошлют завтра.

3. Наша страна омывается двумя океанами.

4. Ему помогли найти интересную работу.

5. Нам не сказали приносить учебники.

6. Нас не покажут по телевидению.

Oral Practice

Exercises

1. Make up word combinations Match the words in column A to those in column B . Then use them to complete the sentences below. Составить и записать словосочетания. Вставить данные словосочетания в предложения и перевести их.

A B

1. tiny a . recorder

2. digital b. phone

3. voice c. camera

4. modern d. life

5. mobile e. device

6 .social f. laptop

1. I couldn’t organise my………. without my……….

2. I can store my music collection on one ……….

3. My mobile phone has got a good ……..

4. I’ve just bought a ……with my birthday money.

5. I couldn’t live without my……..

the questions to the text..

1 Can you imagine your life without your computer , mobile phone, digital camera?

2Where can you store your music collection?

3Can you organise your social life without your mobile phone?

4What career are you considering?

5Are you a complete techno freak?

6. Has your mobile phone got a good voice recorder?
7. How can you use your portable DVD player?
8. Are you totally hooked on your PlayStation?

UNIT 15

Reading Practice

Use less stuff

Simply speaking, waste is anything thrown away or released into the environment. Unfortunately, a lot of waste can end up harming the environment. You can help protect the environment by learning about and practising the 3 Rs: REDUCE, RECYCLE and REUSE! We’ve come up with some practical ways of doing this…

CHOOSE TO REUSE

It’s not waste until you waste it! Think carefully about how you can reuse something before you throw it away. Make a compost heap in the garden with fruit and vegetable material – it will decompose and make good fertiliser for your plants. Also, if things break, try to repair them before you replace them. Remember that one man’s rubbish is another man’s treasure! If you buy a replacement for something you already have, give the old item to someone who can use it. Have your jeans got holes in the knees? Make new shorts out of them or give them to someone who needs them. Don’t throw away empty jars and bottles; rinse them out and use them to store other things.

TURN IT DOWN OR SWITCH IT OFF

Always switch off the lights when you leave an empty room, and use light bulbs that save energy. You can also switch off the cooker a few minutes earlier – there will still be enough heat to finish cooking the food. Why not take showers in cooler water and for shorter lengths of time? Finally, turn down the heating and put on warmer clothes if you’re cold.

BE A LEAN, GREEN SHOPPING MACHINE

Only buy what you really need and use all of it. Thinking about buying something new? Try the 30-day rule – only buy it if you still want it 30 days after you first saw it. At the supermarket, avoid buying things you do not need by writing a shopping list before you go and making sure you keep to it. Of course, you should also take your own bags to put the shopping in.

PUT PACKAGING ON A DIET

First things first; buy things with simple packaging that can easily be recycled. Better still, choose products with no packaging at all! Secondly, if you are preparing a packed lunch to eat at school, take a sandwich in a reusable lunch box, juice in a reusable bottle and a banana, rather than a sandwich in a plastic bag, or a carton of juice and biscuits which are each wrapped in silver paper and even more plastic. And finally … think BIG! One large box of cereal, for example, uses less packaging than several smaller ones and is usually a lot cheaper too!

SAVE ON PAPER

Try to cut down on the amount of paper you use. Use a computer and proofread your writing on the screen before you print it out. Use both sides of the paper and then recycle it. Remember that telephone calls and email messages don’t create paper waste.

GET OTHERS INVOLVED

Last but not least, encourage your friends to cut down on waste too! Swap magazines, books and clothes, send them a copy of this newsletter (on recycled paper, of course!) or start a ‘Use Less Stuff!’ campaign at your school!

Language Material

1 to release-выпускать

2 excessive packaging-избыточная упаковка

3 to wrap-обертывать

4 environment-окружающая среда

5 to encourage- воодушевлять

6 energy consumption-потребление энергии

7 to create-создавать

8 to swap-менять

9 fruit and vegetable peelings- фруктовые и овощные корки

10 to reduce-уменьшать

11 rubbish- мусор

12 to reuse-использовать многократно

13 to recycle- перерабатывать

14 burning of oil and coal- горение газа и нефти

15 to throw away-выбрасывать

16 to turn down-убавить

17 to waste-тратить

Grammar Practice

Participle I Perfect

1. обозначает

предшествования

2. Перевод

Деепричастием, деепричастным оборотом совершенного вида (прочитал, будучи прочитанным)

3. Функции в предложении.

Обстоятельства времени и причины (всегда без предлога)

Как переводит разные формы причастия на русский язык.

Exercises

1. Underline the Participles, what forms, translate from English into Russian.

1 . Being very ill, she could not go to school. 2. The first rays of the rising sun lit up the top of the hill .

3. The door bolted on the inside could not be opened. 4. Having descended the mountain, they heard a man calling for help. 5. The room facing the garden is much more comfortable than this one. 6. Flushed and excited, the boy came running to his mother. 7. The broken arm was examined by the doctor. 8. While being examined, the boy began crying. 9. Having prescribed the medicine, the doctor went away. 10. The medicine prescribed by the doctor was bitter. 11. While crossing the street, one should first look to the left and then to the right. 12. People watching a performance are called an audience.

2. Translate these word combinations from Russian into English.

1. строящий, строящийся, строя, построив, построенный, будучи построенным.

2. переводящий, переведённый. переводя, будучи переведенным.

3. давая ,написав, читающий, данный, прочитанный, будучи потерянным, взятый, взяв, пишущий, будучи принесённым.

3. Translate these sentences from Russian into English.

1. Артистка, рассказывающая детям сказки по радио, знаменитая на всю страну.

2. Рассказывая детям сказки, она говорит разными голосами, имитируя героев сказки.

3. Сказка, рассказанная няней, произвел на ребёнка большое впечатление.

4. Рассказав ребёнку сказку, она пожелала ему спокойной ночи.

Oral Practice

Exercises

1 Find English equivalents in the text:

1 количество бумаги

2 фольга

3 простая упаковка

4 список покупок

5 предметы, которые тебе не нужны

6 выключить печку

7 одеть более теплую одежду

8 за более короткий период времени

9 пустые банки

10 дырки на коленях

2. Translate these sentences from English into Russian.

1Think carefully about how you can reuse something before you throw it away.

2 Try to cut down on the amount of paper you use.

3Turn down the heating and put on warmer clothes.

3. Translate these sentences from Russian into English.

1Выключайте свет, когда вы покидаете пустую комнату.

2 Не выбрасывайте пустые банки и бутылки.

3 Покупай только то что тебе действительно нужно и ты всё это будешь использовать.

Test to the text “Use less Stuff”

1. Translate these words from English into Russian.

1 to release

2 excessive packaging

3 to wrap

4 environment

5 to encourage

6 energy consumption

7 to create

8 to swap

9 fruit and vegetable peelings

2. Translate these words from Russian into English.

1 уменьшать

2 мусор

3 многократно использовать

4 выключить

5 перерабатывать

6 горение нефти и угля

7 выбрасывать

8 убавить

9 тратить, расходовать

3. Translate these sentences from English into Russian.

1Think carefully about how you can reuse something before you throw it away.

2 Try to cut down on the amount of paper you use.

3Turn down the heating and put on warmer clothes.

4. Translate these sentences from Russian into English.

1Выключайте свет, когда вы покидаете пустую комнату.

2 Не выбрасывайте пустые банки и бутылки.

3 Покупай только то что тебе действительно нужно и ты всё это будешь использовать.

UNIT 16

Reading Practice

Lake Baikal

Lake Baikal, in eastern Siberia, is a miracle of nature. It’s the deepest lake on Earth and it contains more water than all the Great Lakes of America put together. It’s also the oldest lake on Earth and, after more than 25 million years, Lake Baikal is still growing at a rate of 2 cm a year. However, facts and figures fail to describe the breathtaking beauty of Baikal. The water is crystal clear, and when you can see the shimmering stones on the bottom of the lake it’s hard to believe they’re so deep down. But then this tranquillity can easily become a tempest. As the lake changes its mood, the wind rises and huge waves begin to roll across the surface.

Lake Baikal is surrounded by some magnificent mountain ranges, such as the Primorsky, Baikalsky and Barguzinsky. More than 300 rivers flow into Lake Baikal and only one river, the Angara, flows outwards. Of the 22 islands in the lake, the most famous is Olkhon Island, where they say the sun shines brightly for more than 300 days a year. Olkhon is a place of legend and wild spirits, and it’s home to the famous Shamanka, where shamans used to live in times gone by.

This environmental treasure also contains a wealth of biodiversity. Most of the 2,635 species of animals and plants discovered in and around Lake Baikal cannot be found anywhere else in the world. The lake is also the only breeding ground for the Baikal Seal and the Omul fish, on which they feed. In 1996, Baikal was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The total area of the site is million hectares, which includes the lake’s surface, three reserves, and two national parks, Pribaikalsky and Tunkinsky.

Today, this precious Russian jewel is threatened by the industry around its shores. We can only hope that future generations will be able to come here and enjoy Lake Baikal as much as we do.

Language Material

1 a miracle of nature- чудо природы

2 to contain- содержать

3 Great Lakes of America- Великие озера Америки

4 to fail to describe- не в состоянии описать

5 breathtaking- захватывающий дух

6 at a rate- в размере

7 shimmering- мерцающий

8 tranquillity- спокойствие

9 mountain range- горный хребет

10 wild spirit- дикий дух

11 treasure- сокровище

12 breeding ground- место выведения молодняка

13 to be declared- быть объявленным

14 reserve- заповедник

15 precious- драгоценный

16 jewel- сокровище

17 to be threatened- находится под угрозой

Grammar Practice

Test

1. Underline the participles, what participles, translate from English into Russian.

1. The dress bought at the department store was very beautiful.

2. While using a needle, you should be careful not to pick your finger.

3. Having read the story, she closed the book and put it on the shelf.

4. Being given the dictionaries, we could translate the article easily.

2. Underline the participles, what participles, translate from English into Russian.

1. Being translated into Russian, the book could be read by everybody.

2. The lost key was found at once.

3. The girl writing on the blackboard is our best pupil.

4. Having spent 20 years abroad, he was happy to be coming home.

3. Underline the participles, what participles, translate from English into Russian.

1. Having waited for some time in the hall, he was invited into the drawing room.

2. I think that the boy standing there is his brother.

3. Translate the words written on the blackboard.

4. Having been approved by the critics, the young author's story was accepted by a thick magazine.

Oral Practice

English equivalents in the text « Lake Baikal»

1 сокровище окружающей среды;

2 поверхность озера;

3 будущее поколение;

4 чудо природы ;

5 могут легко стать;

6 кататься по поверхности;

7 не могут описать;

8 великолепные горные цепи;

9. два национальных парка

2. Answer the questions to the text.

1. Where is Lake Baikal situated?

2 Is Lake Baikal the deepest lake on Earth?

3 What is Lake Baikal surrounded by?

4 How many rivers flow into Lake Baikal?

5 How many islands are there in the lake?

6 Most of the 2, 635 species of animals and plants were discovered in and around Lake Baikal , weren’t they?

7 What is Lake Baikal threatened by?

Test to the text

1 Translate these words from English into Russian.

1. miracle of nature

2. to fail to describe

3. shimmering

4. wild spirit

5. jewel

6. to be threatened

7. to be declared

8. tranquility

2Translate these words from Russian into English.

1 захватывающий дух

2. в размере

3. Великие Озера Америки

4. горный хребет

5. сокровище

6. заповедник

7. место выведения молодняка

8. драгоценный

3Translate these sentences from English into Russian.

1. Lake Baikal is threatened by the industry around its shores.

2. This environmental treasure also contains a wealth of biodiversity.

3The most famous island in the lake is Olkhon, where they say the sun shines brightly for 300 days a year.

3Translate these sentences from Russian into English.

1. Вода в озере Байкал –кристально чистая.

2. Озеро Байкал -самое старое озеро а землею

3 Мы можем только надеяться , что будущее поколение смогут наслаждаться озером Байкал.

UNIT 17

Reading Practice

Space

Russia is no stranger to space. Since the 1950s, Russians have been exploring space and have achieved a spectacular number of firsts. In:

1957 Sputnik 1 was the first satellite in space

1957 Laika was tye first animal to orbit the Earth

1961 Yuri Gagarin was the first person in space

1963 Valentina Tereshkova was tye first person to waik in space

1965 Aleksei Leonov was the first person to walk in space

1984 Svetlana Savitskaya was the first woman to walk in space

Russia's space programme continues to set itself new targets. At present it has three main aims. The first is to send three manned missions to the moon by 2015. The second objective is to build a permanent base on the Moon to tap its energy resources. And, last but not least, its third goal is to dispatch a Russian crew to Mars, also known as the 'Red Planet', between 2020 and 2030.

Of course, space travel does not come cheap. While the Russian government has given $2 billion to the programme, private investment is also needed. Some money has been raised through offering tourist trips into space. Russia was the first country to offer this type of travel, and to date four people have travelled as tourists into space, each paying $20 million for the privilege.

With its many firsts, Russia has been a pioneer in space exploration and has earned its place among the stars. Apart from technology and investment, the space programme needs cosmonauts. Do you aspire to new heights?

Language Material

1 space exploration- исследование космоса

2 to set- устанавливать

3 target- цель

4 aim- цель

5 objective-цель, скидка

6 to tap- выкачивать

7 satellite- спутник

8 manned mission- пилотируемая миссия

9 to dispatch- отправлять

10 crew- экипаж

11 privilege- привилегия

12 to earn- зарабатывать

Grammar Practice

Gerund .

Герундий-это неличная форма. которая сочетает в себе свойства глагола и существительного.

Формы герундием.

Способы перевода герундием на русский язык.

1. существительными.

Smoking is harmful .- Курение вредно.

2. Неопределённой формой глагола .

I like dancing .

Мне нравиться танцевать.

3 . Деепричастным оборотом.

On coming home Peter saw his friend.

Придя домой Пётр увидел своего друга.

He likes telling fairy tales. (G., Ind., AV) - Он любит рассказывать сказки .

He likes being told fairy tales. ( G ., Ind ., P . V ) - Он любит, когда ему рассказывают сказки.

He is proud of having spoken to this outstanding person. (G., Perf., AV) - Он гордится , что разговаривал с этим Выдающимся человеком .

He is proud of having been spoken to. ( G ., Perf ., P . V ) .-- Он гордится, что с ним поговорили.

Свойства герундием.

И. Герундий имеет следующие свойства глагола.

1. имеет 2 формы: Indefinite (одновременное действие), Perfect (предшествующие действие).

2. имеет 2 залога (Active Voice, Passive Voive) .

3 . может иметь прямое дополнение (без предлога).

Reading books is useful .-- Читать книги - полезно .

4 . может употребляться с наречием.

He likes walking slowly . - Он любит гулять медленно.

ИИ. Герундий имеет следующие свойства существительного.

1 . может иметь определение , выраженное притяжательным местоимения или существительным в притяжательном падеже. Это определение выражает НЕ принадлежность, а лицо, к которому относится действие, выраженное герундием.

We know of Popov's being the inventor of radio .-- Мы знаем, что Попов изобретатель радио.

2 . может иметь предлог .

We shall discuss it after reading .-- Мы обсудим это после чтения.

3 . выполняет в предложении функции существительного.

Функции герундием в предложении.

1. подлежащее

Reading is great help in study .

2. часть сказуемого после глаголов :

to stop, to begin, to finish, to continue, to go on ..

Go on reading .

3. определение с предлогами in , of , for .

I like his method of teaching little children.

4. прямое дополнение после глаголов :

to like, to need, to prefer, to remember, to enjoy.

He likes singing .

5. предложное дополнение после предлогов in , for from .

We are fond of reading English books.

6. обстоятельство после предлогов in, on, after, before, by, without, instead of.

After learning new words I began to watch TV.

He translated the text without using the dictionary.

Как отличить герундий от причастия и от глагольно существительного.

1. Герундий в отличие от существительного не имеет артикля и множественного числа.

Dancing (G., Ind., AV) - the dancing (Noun)

2. Причастие употребляется только в функции определения и обстоятельства всегда без предлога. Герундий в ЭТИХ функциях всегда с предлогом.

I watch TV lying on the sofa . (P1., AV).

I translated this text without using a dictionary. (G., Ind., AV)

3. Причастие указывает на действие, которое выполняет существительное.

a reading boy --читающий мальчик

4. герундий указывает на принадлежность предмета, выраженного существительным

reading m aterial --материал для чтения.

5. В функции подлежащего, прямого дополнения, сказуемого употребляется герундий.

6. Перед герундием может стоят притяжательной местоимение, а перед причастие имеется.

I do not mind your going there. ( G ., Ind ., A . V )

Я не возражаю, если вы пойдёте туда.

Exercises.

1. Underline the gerund, determine its form, voice. Translate from English into Russian.

1. She has always dreamt of living in a small house by the sea. 2. My mother likes cooking very much. 3. Mary hates being laughed at. 4. On being told the news, his sister turned pale. 5. The place is worth visiting. 6. Watching football matches may be exciting enough, but of course it is more exciting playing football. 6. She stopped coming to see us, and I wondered what had happened to her. 7. Can you remember having seen the man before. 8. After being corrected by the teacher, the student's papers were returned them. 9. I wondered at my mother's having allowed the journey.

10. She denied having been at home that Excuse my leaving you at such moment. 12. I avoided speaking to them about this matter.

2. Write the Gerund in Active or in Passive Voice. Translate from English into Russian.

1. He was always ready for (to help) people. 2. He was very glad of (to help) in his difficulty. 3. On (to allow) to leave the room, the children immediately ran out into the yard and began (to play). 4. The results of the experiment must be checked before (to publish). 5. Why do you avoid (to speak) to me. 6. She tried to avoid (to speak) to. 7. The doctor insisted on (to send) the sick man to hospital. 8. The child insisted on (to send) home at once.

3. Translate these sentences from Russian into English.

1 Я не могу перевести этот текст не посмотрев несколько слов в словаре.

2. Я посещу тебя когда приеду в Москву.

3. Нам нравится играть в футбол.

4. Ей нравится читать английские рассказы.

5. Прекратите разговаривать.

6. Продолжайте читать.

7. Играть в теннис очень интересно.

8. Он ушел из класса не сказал ни слова

4. Determine Participle 1, Gerund, Noun. Translate from English into Russian.

1. We sat by the riverside listening to the running of the water.

2. The cleaning of the room was done by the girls.

3. Working in the yard en is very good for the health of people.

4. Going home from the theatre, they were discussing the play they had seen.

5. You should think before speaking.

6. After finding the new word in the dictionary, I wrote it down and went on reading.

7. He spent much time on the copying of his literature lectures.

8. The students found the reading of English newspapers rather difficult at first.

9. Instead of going home after school, the girls went for a walk.

10. Chalk is used for writing on the blackboard.

Test

1

the Gerund, determine its form and voice. Translate the sentences from English into Russian.

1. The mother was surprised at her daughter having cleaned the room so quickly.

2. He gave up smoking a few years ago.

3. I was angry at being interrupted every other moment.

2. Translate the sentences from Russian into English using Gerund.

1. Когда она закончит писать сочинении?
2. Мы отложили обсуждение этого вопроса. ( to put off )

2

1. Underline the Gerund, determine its form and voice. Translate the sentences from English into Russian.

1. She said that she knew nothing about the door having been left open.
2. Jane Eyre was fond of reading.
3. I insist on being told the truth.

2. Translate the sentences from Russian into English using Gerund.

1. Дети перестали смеяться .

2. Спасибо за ваш приход.

3

1. Underline the Gerund, determine its form and voice. Translate the sentences from English into Russian.

1. She stopped coming to see us, and I wondered what happened to her.
2. They accuse him of having robbed the house.
3. She insisted on being allowed to go home .

2. Translate the sentences from Russian into English using Gerund.

1. Я перестала есть мясо. каждый день.

2. Простые меня, что я отрыла ваше письмо.

Oral Practice

English equivalents

1 Российская космическая программа;

2 космическое путешествие;

3 частные инвестиции также необходимы;

4 пионер в исследовании космоса;

5 кроме технологий и инвестиций;

6 этот тип путешествия;

7 отправить космический экипаж на Марс;

2. Ask questions to the sentence beginning with these words.

Russia’s space programme continues to set itself new targets.

3. Answer the questions to the text.

1 What is the first main aim of Russia’s space programme?

2 What is the third goal of Russia’s space programme?

3 What country was the first country to offer tourist trips into space?

2. Has Russia been a pioneer in space exploration?

Итоговая контрольная работа

1 Translate these words from English into Russian using our texts. Переведите слова с английского на русский , используя наши тексты.

1 headphones

2 handy

3 possession

4 distraction

5 to realize

6 to affect

7 mountain range

8 to be threatened

9 to dispatch

10 space exploration

2 Translate these words from Russian into English using our texts. Переведите слова с английского на русский , используя наши тексты.

1 ноутбук

2 смущенный

3 в определенной степени

4 безопасность

5 зависеть от

6 ядерная реакция

7 драгоценный

8 не в состоянии написать

9 спутник

10 пилотируемая миссия

3 Answer the questions. Ответьте на вопросы.

1 How many rivers flow into Lake Baikal?

2 What is Lake Baikal threatened by?

3 What is the first main aim of Russia’s space programme?

4 Can you imagine your life without your computer , mobile phone , digital camera?

4 Ask questions to the sentence beginning with these words. Задайте вопросы к предложению, начиная со слов в скобках.

Russia’s space programme continues to set itself new targets. (What 5