мини-проект по теме "A local wonder: Saray-Batu"

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Mini-project : “A local wonder : Saray-Batu” The project was performed by the student of 10 th form "B " of school № 2 in Krasny Yar Iserkipova Zarina 2011-2012

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Saray Batu Saray Batu (Old Saray, Saray I, Saray al- Makhrous - "Palace God saved it ” «Богом хранимый» ) is the medieval city, the capital of the Golden Horde. It is located approximately 80 kilometers north of the modern city of Astrakhan, near the village of Selitrennoe Kharabalinsky district of the Astrakhan region.

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Geographical place The city was founded at the beginning of Genghis Khan Batu in 1250's. The first mention in the sources relates to 1254 - in the book of Franciscan Rubruck "Journey to the East" ("new city, built on ethylene Batu" [1]). In the beginning it was a bid nomadic, eventually developed into a city. Saray Batu was the chief political center of the Golden Horde, but the economic center, probably, was not immediately apparent. The first coins were issued here in about 30 years after its foundation, about 1282, when Mangu Khan Return.

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Appearance of this Ancient city City Saray is one of the most beautiful cities has reached extreme values on the level ground, filled with people, with beautiful markets and wide streets. Saray Batu stretches along the left bank of the river Akhtuba for 10-15 kilometers. Its area, according to the F.V. Ballod, was about 36 km² , which can be credible only if you take into account surrounding the city proper manors and estates, urban neighborhoods, with modern archaeological data, covered an area roughly equal to 10 km² .

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Importance of the city On the territory of our city was built the capital of the Golden Horde State Saray-Batu . Saray - Batu was one of the largest and most beautiful cities in the Golden Horde . Hands of the masters of prisoners built luxurious palaces and mosques, gardens, and sat forge weapons . Merchants from the Volga Bulgar, Central Asia, the Caucasus, the Crimea, Western Europe, from the distant Egypt and India came to Saray - Batu. The Khans couraged the development of trade and crafts, getting from this great income.

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History The city was huge. Some travelers, wanting to drive around town, they left one part of it early in the morning and reached the other end of the city closer to the night . The city had 13 mosques for congregational life . Besides these, there were many other mosques. On the highest hill on the shore stood Akhtuba Khan's palace. Legends say that this palace Batu-Khan was decorated with gold, so all the state and it became known as the Golden Horde.

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The archaeological findings As a result of archaeological excavations near the village of Selitrennoe the site of Saray - Batu was found a large workshop for the production of ceramics. There were excavated several furnaces, which were baked in a festive, colorful, eye pleasing color " irrigation", as archaeologists, dishes, bowls such as cups, jugs and lamps . There also were excavated a jewelry workshop for the production of beads, rings, bracelets, buttons , pendants .

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Archeology Saray Batu was located near the modern village Selitrennoe of Kharabalinsky area in Astrakhan region . At Selitrennoe during long-term excavations were uncovered layers of XIV-XV centuries . Layers of the XIII century are not available. There is a version of which the city barn was originally located near the modern city of Krasny Yar ( A.V. Pachkalov). In place of Krasny Yar assumes the existence of urban strata of the XIII century, moreover , is located next to the mound necropolis lighthouse hill, graves which date from the second half to the end of the XIII century. It is possible that the capital was moved to the area Selitrennoe only in 1330s. Fragments of titled decoration of the palace Chingizid . The Golden Horde , Saray-Batu city. Ceramic, over glaze painting, mosaics, gilding. Selitrennoe . Excavations 1980

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Modern times of Saray Batu In 2010 the Astrakhan region transferred film of the company "Mosfilm" which decorations were remaining in village Selitrennoe of Kharabalinsky area after the filming the Golden Horde of the fourteenth century, "St. Alexis." According to the decision of the Governor of the Astrakhan region A.A.Zhilkin this object has become a new tourist center of Astrakhan region with the name "Saray-Batu, the capital of the Golden Horde." Since the summer of 2011 this object was put into operation and the city of Saray-Batu hospitably opened its doors to tourists.

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Thank you for your attention !!!