Проектная работа по теме" Traditional costumes of the British Isles"

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IRISH TRADITIONAI COSTUMES

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Development stages of Irish clothing According to historians, changes in the Irish costume took a long time. From the Vikings, Irish sailors in very ancient times adopted trousers and the method of decorating a wool cloak with patterned braid. Pants were first made of soft leather, and then they began to sew from linen. Later, a warm knitted sweater became another national dress of the Northern Irish. The subsequent stratification of society divided the nation according to the degree of prosperity. Therefore, part of the population tried to stand out with its high-quality and bright clothes, as well as the richness of its decoration, using gold embroidery. But not even the entire elite of society could afford the clothes they liked, all the nuances were stipulated in the laws.

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Description of the outfit of men and women Even in ancient times, the Irish national costume was divided into male and female styles. There is almost no historical evidence of what a women's outfit looked like centuries ago. It is believed that the cut was made in such a way as to emphasize the chest and waist as much as possible, from which a fluffy flared skirt went down. Perhaps it was plain, green or another color, with a pattern in the form of stripes. The men dressed differently. Some wore a suit that consisted of trousers and a jacket, with a black tie being a must. And for another quality of traditional clothing, there was a plain kilt skirt or with a striped pattern. The colors of Irish clothing are green, orange and black.

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Scottish national Costumes

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History referenceAccording to various sources, the Scottish national costume owes its appearance and introduction to the masses of the highlanders, who at the end of the 16th century had extraordinary outerwear that looked like a modern raincoat-tent in its functionality. Its name has survived and is used to this day - a large kilt.For Scotland's mountain dwellers, this was not just clothing, but a multifunctional wardrobe item. It was made from a special woolen fabric in a cage called tartan. These were two huge canvases, sewn together and ranging in length from 4 to 8 meters. The width of the large kilt was calculated based on the height of the man, and reached one and a half meters so that the length of the finished product ended at the knee level.The versatility of this particular element of the national clothing of the Highland Scots was that, transforming from a cape-skirt, a large kilt could serve as a blanket, a blanket, as well as a classic cloak that covered the head and shoulders during bad weather.So, the fabric was wrapped around the waist, special pleats were manually collected from the back. This part was fixed with a wide leather strap. The other one was thrown over the shoulder and was attached to the clothes with the help of a special national buckle-brooch, decorated with the clan's coat of arms. The presence of a kiltspin pin, which in its shape resembled a sword and was worn on the hem of a kilt, in order to make it heavier in especially windy weather, was considered a special pride.Over time, the traditional Scottish costume has undergone minor changes. Today it has a very specific and well-established structure.

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WALLISH NATIONAL COSTUME

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Origin of Welsh costumeThe emergence of the Welsh national costume is associated with simple peasant clothing, which was popular in the 18-19th century. The isolated geographical position of Wales for a long time determined the features of the decoration and the fabrics inherent in the area, in contrast to the mainland of Great Britain, where they disappeared much earlier. Compared to Scotland, where men’s costume is better known, women in Wales wore typical folk clothing.The revival of costume traditionsThe revival of Welsh traditions began in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The state strongly supported the culture and customs of the indigenous people of Wales and promoted postcards and posters on which the well-established costume of these places was painted. The efforts were not in vain, and the national Welsh clothing has remained unchanged for more than a century. Today, you can see a Welshman in traditional decoration at festivals - Eistedfords, where, among other things, Welsh people perform folklore, dance, choral singing, poetry and music, which people from all over the United Kingdom come to listen to.

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TRADITIONAI ENGLISH COSTUMES For Morris dances

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There are several hypotheses about the origin of Morris.According to the first of them, the dance comes from the medieval Italian dance moreschi. The dance depicted the battle of the Saracen Moors and the Christian knights, so the participants blackened their faces, tied bells to their feet and pranced with fake swords. The dance was an indispensable attribute of balls and carnivals, and was also part of the repertoire of the commedia dell'arte. Today, the Moreska is preserved in its authentic form on the island of Korcula in Croatia.According to another version, the dance has pagan roots and arose on the basis of ancient, possibly even Proto-Indo-European rituals. This is evidenced by the similarity of Morris with the Romanian folk dance "calushul", where participants also decorate their clothes with ribbons and bells and swing sticks like swords, as well as its close connection with ancient agricultural holidays and traditions of ceremonial dress. Many Englishmen still believe that Morris brings good luck to both viewers and performersThe first written record of dance in England dates back to 1448 and records the payment of seven shillings to the Morris dancers 'Goldsmiths' Company in London. The modern name was fixed in the 17th century, before that the original name was widespread - English. Morisk dance, moreys daunce, morisse daunce. In the 16th century, one of the most famous dancers was William Camp, an actor at the Shakespeare Theater.Great credit for the detailed description and popularization of Morris belongs to the British folklorist Cecil Sharpe.