Британские писатели в России

Муниципальное бюджетное общеобразовательное учреждение г. Мурманска

«Средняя общеобразовательная школа № 31 имени Л.В. Журина»

Проектная работа

Тема: «Британские писатели в России»

Проект выполнил Окрут Иван Ульянович

обучающийся 11 «Б» класса МБОУ г. Мурманска СОШ № 31

имени Л.В. Журина

Руководитель проекта: Ракова Светлана Валерьевна,

учитель английского языка МБОУ г. Мурманска

СОШ № 31 имени Л.В. Журина

Проект допущен к защите:

«23» апреля 20 22

Руководитель проекта:

Ракова С.В. /_________________________/

Мурманск

2022

Contents:

Introduction                                ………………………………….. p.3

§1 British Literature in Russia        ………………………………….  p.4-5

§2 What is British literature?        ………………………………………….. p.6-9

§3 British Writers and Their Works        …………………………………...p.10-23

Conclusion                 ………………………………………………. …p.24

Sources …………………………………………………………. …….. p.25-27

Appendix         …………………………………………………………. p.28 - 38

Introduction

Problem: Nowadays the interest to reading classical books has decreased in Russia. Books by British writers are rarely read by teenagers. Children and adolescents are familiar with only a small number of works studied in Literature classes at school. Students, most likely, are familiar only with screen versions of works, in which the image of the characters and the plot are often far from the original story.

Aim: to collect information about British literature, its history, British writers and their works

to get acquainted with works of British writers in order to expand understanding of the wonderful British literature, which gave the world a large number of original, vivid and recognizable images.

Purposes:

1. briefly study the history of the emergence of British literature in Russia;

     2. find out the works of British authours in the list of foreign literature writers proposed                          studying in Literature lessons at school in the Educational Standard for Basic General Education in order to sort out which authours are more or less familiar to students of secondary school in Russia;

3.create a database of works of British writers (annotations of their works) with an available access to reading in a mobile application in English and Russian (via QR code) – make up a poster;

4.present some samples of short works of British writers in English so that both students and teachers can refer to them if necessary, as well as to read other works by these authours using a mobile application on the phone (via a QR code);

Methods:

1. Observation of websites                

2. Studying and analysis of certain information

3. Collecting a database

4. Making a Power Point presentation

        §1

British Literature in Russia

The term British literature refers to the literary works of England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.The oldest British work known to mankind was written in the early Middle Ages (450 - 1066).

British literature became widespread in Russia in the 17th and 18th centuries during the reforms of Peter the Great. However, in Russia, few people spoke English and British books were taken in French and German and translated  into Russian.

Actually, people get to know with writers and their books when are taught at school.

Literature as a separate discipline began to be studied in the Soviet school from the mid-1930s. Close attention to the study of literature coincided with a sharp turn in the state ideology of the USSR. After the victory of the October Revolution, the literary struggle in our country turned out to be firmly connected with the political struggle. Political slogans were closely intertwined with aesthetic ones. Literature took a central place in the Soviet educational process. In the school curriculum, but, frankly speaking, only the works of domestic authors were studied.

The liberal era of the 1960s significantly expanded the horizons of extracurricular reading. The works of foreign authors are completely new for extracurricular reading: J. Rodari is studying in the 5th grade; older children are offered to read "The Gadfly" by E.L. Voynich. Innovative teachers read themselves and encourage students to read all the literature that they have missed in a few decades (Hemingway, Cronin, Aldridge), as well as modern Western works that have been translated into the USSR: “The Winter of Our Anxiety” (1961) by John Steinbeck, The Catcher in the Rye (1951) by Jerome Salinger, To Kill a Mockingbird (1960) by Harper Lee. There were very few books by British writers.

Perestroika dramatically changes the whole style of teaching.

Outside the school, the mass of readers, which, of course, included schoolchildren, was overwhelmed by a stream of previously unknown literature: these were works from Europe and America that had not previously been published in the USSR.

The democratic transformations in the Russian community that began in the mid-1980s subsequently had a serious impact on school curricula. With the abolition of ideological prohibitions, the best examples of world literature began to be included in the programs of all types of schools to a greater extent.

Solid methodological publications appeared, which made it possible to build a school course in Russian literature in conjunction with foreign classics. In these methodological manuals, which revealed in detail the ways of studying the work of Homer, Dante, Shakespeare, Cervantes, Rabelais, Moliere, Goethe, Byron, Balzac, Brecht, B.Shaw, Hemingway and others.

The creators of various concepts of philological education at school began to take into account the artistic consonances of Russian and Western classics to a greater extent. In particular, by devoting 20% ​​of the allotted time to experimentation (conducting lessons "at one's own discretion"), the programs ed. G.I. Belenky, A.G. Kutuzov. In fact, at that stage, it was classes in foreign literature that became experimental lessons.

With the development of humanitarian schools (with in-depth study of foreign languages ​​and historical and philological disciplines), fragments from the works of foreign authors and small lyrical texts began to be considered in the originals at foreign language lessons (in the textbooks of I.L. Bim, E.I. Passov). For schools of a philological profile, programs of optional classes (in Russian) in American and English literature (N.P. Mikhalskaya) were developed.

The school curriculum in literature in 2017 differs little from the program in 1991.

British and other foreign literature was introduced into the Russian school curriculum in 2004 by the Ministry of Education, the list of foreign literature is written in the Russian Standard of Basic General Education in Literature.

Nowadays foreign literature, including British literature, is presented at schools of Russia. Regrettably, some   works, which are read on the lessons, are presented fragmentarily – it is written in Federal Component of State Educational Standards for Primary General, Basic General and Secondary (Complete) General Education. (See Appendix №1)

English writers of the 17th-20th centuries are less popular today. It is strange, but not so long ago, during the times of stagnation, the Iron Curtain and the Cold War, schoolchildren knew and loved the English classics. And their parents spent a whole year collecting waste paper in order to get the opportunity to purchase the coveted volume of Jerome K. Jerome or Wilkie Collins for 20 kilograms of waste paper. Today, however, when asking who is Charles Dickens or Thomas Hardy, most often you will see only a puzzled look in response. Indeed, how can modern teenagers find it out if they don’t study them at school?!

Having studied Federal Component of State Educational Standards Basic General and Secondary (Complete) General Education in Literature, I found out that the following British writers are studied at school:

W. Shakespeare - Tragedies: "Romeo and Juliet" (in a school with a native (non-Russian) language of instruction - fragments) or "Hamlet" (in a school with a native (non-Russian) language of instruction - fragments).

2 sonnets of your choice.

J. G. Byron - 1 piece of choice

 R. Burns,

D. Defoe,

 A.K. Doyle

R. Kipling,

L. Carroll,

 J. Swift,

W. Scott,

R. L. Stevenson

G. Wells- 2 works of choice

W. Golding

A.K. Doyle

To sum up, there are only 12 writers in the course of 5-9 forms and 9 authors in the course of 10-11 forms are studied.

Of course, the list of British writers and their works is larger. Let’s get acquainted with some of them and their great works.

§2

What is British literature?

British literature is a centuries-old history, brilliant authors, unforgettable works that reflect the peculiarity of the national character. We grow with the books of these great writers, learn and develop with their help. It is impossible to convey the significance of British writers and their contribution to world literature. It is difficult to imagine a world without the works of Shakespeare, Dickens, Wilde and many others. English literature is divided into periods, in each of which their own writers and poets lived and created, in whose works certain events and facts from the history of the country were reflected. It is customary to distinguish the following periods in English literature:

1 period: early medieval or Anglo-Saxon period 450-1066

The works of this period are passed from mouth to mouth. They are characterized by the following features: fatality, juxtaposition of church and paganism, praise of heroes and successful battles.

The most important work of this period is the poem Beowulf, which has a national epic status in England.

2 period: Middle Ages: 1066 – 1500

Dominant genre: folk tales, chivalric romance, ballad Most famous authors and works: novels about the knights of the round table and King Arthur, ballads about Robin Hood, Geoffrey Chaucer The Canterbury Tales -didactic works (“Ormulum”, “Ode to Morals”), starting from the middle of the XIII century, there is a transition to more everyday genres (folk “Cuckoo Song”, “Bev from Amton”, “Horn” and “Havelock”). In the XIII-XIV centuries - the creation of chivalric novels about King Arthur and his knights. In 1469, Thomas Malory collected a whole collection of novels about the exploits of knights and his work "The Death of Arthur" became a monument of English literature of the late Middle Ages. The beginning of the development of the genre of folk poetry - ballads. Ballads about the brave robber Robin Hood are very popular. And finally, the second half of this period is considered a new page in the history of English literature and is associated with the name of Geoffrey Chaucer. If earlier it was customary to write works in Latin, then Chaucer was the first to write in English. His most famous work was The Canterbury Tales.

3 period: Renaissance or Renaissance: 1550 – 1660

The Renaissance begins with the development of the lyric genre, the leading role was assigned to poetry. Poets Philip Sidney and Edmund Spenser. One of the most notable writers during the reign of Henry VIII was the great writer and humanist Thomas More, famous for his 1516 book Utopia.

Dominant genre: sonnets, lyric works, plays for the theater Most famous authors and works: Thomas More "Utopia" (Utopia), William Shakespeare wrote 36 plays and about 200 sonnets.

1558-1603 - Literature under Elizabeth

This period is associated with the reign of Elizabeth I, medieval traditions and Renaissance optimism were mixed here. Poetry, prose and drama were the main styles that flourished during this period. However, the drama had a special flourishing. Notable writers of this period were Thomas Kidd, Robert Greene, Christopher Marlowe and a little later the greatest playwright William Shakespeare.

1603-1625 - literature under James I

A difficult and gloomy period associated with the reign of James I. During this period, works from prose and also drama were actively published. Also, the period was marked by the translation of the Bible, carried out on behalf of the king. At this time, Shakespeare and Johnson lived and worked, as well as John Donne, Francis Bacon, and Thomas Middleton.

1625-1649 - literature under Charles I

The works of writers of this period were distinguished by sophistication and elegance. During this period, a circle of so-called "Cavalier poets" arose, among which were Ben Jonson, Robert Herrick, Thomas Carew and others. Their poetry described the life of the upper class, and the main themes were: beauty, love, fidelity. They were witty and direct.

1649-1660 - protectorate period (or puritan interregnum)

The period is associated with the name of Oliver Cromwell. The political writings of Milton, Thomas Hobbs, and the writings of Andrew Marvel dominated this time. In September 1642, the Puritans closed the theaters out of moral and religious convictions. For the next 18 years, the theaters remained closed due to the lack of dramatic works written at that time.

4 period: neoclassicism: 1660 - 1785

Main Genre: Prose, Poetry, Novel Most Notable Authors and Works: John Milton Paradise Lost, Jonathan Swift Gulliver's Travels, Daniel Defoe Robinson Crusoe, Henry Fielding "Tom Jones" (The History of Tom Jones, a foundling" (1749)) The literature of the neoclassical period was greatly influenced by French literature. The literature of this time had a philosophical character, and also possessed the features of skepticism, wit, refinement and criticism. It is divided into several periods: 1660-1700 - the period of restoration This was the time of the restoration of the monarchy, the time of the triumph of reason and tolerance over religion and political passions. All this was marked by an abundance of prose and poetry and the emergence of a particular comedy of manners known as the "Restoration Comedies". It was during this period that John Milton wrote Paradise Lost and Paradise Regained. Other writers of this time were John Locke, John Dryden and John Wilmot, 2nd Earl of Rochester. 1700-1745 - Augustinian Period The prevailing characteristics of the literature of that time are sophistication, clarity and elegance. Notable Writers: Jonathan Swift, Alexander Pope, and Daniel Defoe. A significant contribution of this period was the publication of Defoe's first English novels, and the "character novel" Pamela, written by Samuel Richardson in 1740. 1745-1785 - Sentimentalism Literature reflected the worldview of the Enlightenment, writers began to emphasize instinct and feeling rather than reason and restraint. Increasing sympathy at this time aroused interest in the medieval ballad and folklore literature. The dominant authors of this period were Samuel Johnson, Edward Jung, James Thomson, Thomas Grey, in the period of late Sentimentalism, the emergence of the most talented singer of the people, Robert Burns.

5 period: romanticism: 1785 - 1830

Prevailing Genre: Poetry, Secular Romance, Birth of the Gothic Novel Most Notable Authors and Works: Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice, Sense and Sensibility, Lord Byron's The Travels of Charl Harold, Lake School Poets (William Wordsworth, Coleridge) , John Keats, Percy Shelley, Robert Burns, Walter Scott "Ivanhoe" (Ivanhoe),

Prevailing Genre: Poetry, Secular Romance, Birth of the Gothic Novel Most Notable Authors and Works: Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice, Sense and Sensibility, Lord Byron's The Travels of Charl Harold, Lake School Poets (William Wordsworth, Coleridge) , John Keats, Percy Shelley, Robert Burns, Walter Scott "Ivanhoe" (Ivanhoe), Mary Shelley "Frankenstein" (Frankenstein) Works are written with feeling, using a large number of symbols. Writers believed that literature should be rich in poetic images, it should be easy and accessible. Famous writers of that time were Jane Austen, Lord Byron, Walter Scott, the poets William Blake, Percy Bysshe Shelley, John Keats, the Lake School poets Samuel Taylor Coleridge, William Wordsworth. At this time, the Gothic style was born. Two of the most famous Gothic novelists are Ann Radcliffe and Mary Shelley.

6 period: Victorian era: 1830 - 1901

Predominant genre: novel Most famous authors and works: Charles Dickens (very many works, David Copperfield, Great Expectations, William Thackeray Vanity Fair, Robert Stevenson The Island Treasure Island, The Strange Case of Dr. Jackil and Mr. Hyde, Rudyard Kipling fairy tales Just So Stories, Arthur Conan Doyle (a lot of works, Notes on Sherlock Holmes), the Bronte sisters (Charlotte Bronte "Jane Eyre", Emily Bronte "Wuthering Heights", Anne Bronte "Agnes Grey", Oscar Wilde "The Portrait of Dorian Gray" (The Portrait of Dorian Gray), Thomas Hardy (Tess of the D'Urberville)

1830-1848 - early period The works of the early Victorian period are emotionally expressive, mostly describing the life of people from the middle class. Among the literary genres, the novel dominates. Volumetric novels are divided into many episodes, which are then published in newspapers, which made it possible to reduce their cost and thus make them accessible to the lower class. This method of attracting readers was resorted to by Charles Dickens, William Thackeray and Elizabeth Gaskell, also famous writers of this time Robert Stevenson, Arthur Conan Doyle, the Bronte sisters.

1848-1870 - Interim period

In 1848, a group of English artists, among whom was Dante Gabriel Rossetti, organized the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood. Their main goal was to return to the paintings the truthfulness, simplicity and commitment to religion that existed under Raphael. In turn, Rossetti and his literary circle carried these ideals into their works.

1870-1901 - late period For literature, this is a period of aestheticism and decadence. Oscar Wilde and other authors of this style insisted on experimentation and believed that art was categorically opposed to "natural" moral standards.

7 period: modernism: 1901 – 1960

1901 - 1914 - Literature under Edward VII The period is named after King Edward VII and spans the time from the death of Queen Victoria (1901) to the outbreak of the First World War (1914). At this time, the British Empire was at its height, and the rich were drowning in luxury. However, four-fifths of the English population lived in poverty. And the works of this period reflect these social conditions. Among the writers denouncing class injustice and selfishness of the upper class were such writers as George Bernard Shaw, Herbert Wells. Other writers of the time: Joseph Conrad, Rudyard Kipling, Henry James, E. M. Forster.

1910 - 1936 - literature under George V Many writers of the era of King Edward VII continue to write in this period. In addition to them, the so-called Georgians write, including such poets as Rupert Brooke and David Herbert Lawrence. In their poems they describe the beauty of rural landscapes, the tranquility and peace of nature. Writers of this period experiment with themes, forms and styles. Among them: James Joyce, D. Lawrence and Virginia Woolf. Playwrights: Noel Coward and Samuel Beckett.

1939 - 1960 - Literature during the Second World War and the post-war period The Second World War had a huge impact on the work of writers of that time. And subsequent generations grew up on stories about this terrible war. Wartime poets Sidney Keyes, David Gascoyne, Philip Larkin, Pat Barker also wrote about the war.

8 period: postmodernism 1960 - today

Predominant genre: novel Most famous authors and works: The 20th century was also very fruitful in the field of popular literature, the following names are probably well known to you: - Agatha Christie (1890-1976): "The Murder of Roger Ackroyd" and other detective stories. — Ian Fleming (1908-1964): James Bond novels — J. Tolkien (1892-1973): The Lord of the Rings — S. Lewis (1898-1963): Chronicles of Narnia — J.K. Rowling "Harry Potter" (Harry Potter) Postmodernism mixes literary genres and styles in an attempt to free itself from modernist forms. Unlike modernists, who took themselves and their work very seriously, postmodernists took everything with irony. The concept of "black humor" appears in the literature. Nevertheless, postmodernism borrows some features from its predecessor and even enhances them, this concerns pessimism and the desire for the avant-garde. The features of postmodernism are especially clearly reflected in the drama. So Samuel Beckett's play "Waiting for Godot" is a vivid example of the theater of the absurd and combines pessimistic philosophy and comedy.

§3

British Writers and Their Works

 Studying of British literature should be inextricably linked with the studying of the era, historical events and culture of its time.  Starting to read a book, do not be lazy and read the biography of the writer, get acquainted with the time when the work was created. Reading literature is not just an exciting activity, but also a great responsibility, because after reading something, we share our opinion with friends and relatives. Classical literature, which came out from the pen of the great creators of the word and plot, cannot be bad. Sometimes we just don't understand it.

Thomas Malory 

Sir Thomas Malory - English writer, author of the Book about King Arthur and his Valiant Knights of the Round Table - was born around 1405.

Apparently, Malory was born into a noble family in the county of Warwickshire at the beginning of the XV century. Little is known about his life: as a knight, he took part in the War of the Roses on the side of the Earl of Warwick.

He spent the last 20 years of his life in prison, where he created his novels. Obviously, in prison he had access to a significant number of manuscripts of his predecessors.

Malory gathered together Celtic tales, numerous legends and novels about King Arthur and the knights of the Round Table and, having reworked them, created compilation novels that reflected the moods of his time. It is believed that the main sources for Malory's works were French chivalric novels. Nevertheless, Malory managed to give his works an English flavor.

Sir Thomas Malory died on March 14, 1471 in Newgate Prison (Great Britain).

Based on his book "King Arthur. Knights of the round table. " the film "The First Knight" (1995) was shot.

William Shakespeare 

William Shakespeare was born in 1564, according to legend, on April 23, in Stratford-upon-Avon city, in the county of Yorkshire, in the center of England.

Shakespeare studied, most likely, at the local grammar school - one of the best provincial schools in England, where the sons of townspeople received a free education, studying Latin, Greek, history and literature. What Shakespeare did after graduation is unknown.

In 1593 Shakespeare published the poem "Venus and Adonis" in the fashionable erotic genre. The poem was an extraordinary success and was published eight times during the author's lifetime.

Shakespeare's plays testify to his diverse knowledge in the field of history, natural sciences, law, etc. All this, of course, he acquired, mainly while in London. While living in London, he often visited his hometown, and in 1612 he finally moved, abandoning the theater and his work as a playwright. In the spring of 1616, Shakespeare apparently fell seriously ill. On April 23, Shakespeare died and was buried in Stratford Parish Church. More than half of his plays were not published during his lifetime, for the first time they saw the light in the famous "First Folio" (1623).

Daniel Defoe 

Daniel Defoe is an English writer, essayist, journalist, founder of economic journalism, born around 1660 in Cripplegate. His father, a meat merchant, prepared him for a career as a pastor and sent him to the theological seminary, Morton Academy in Stoke Newington, where his son studied classical literature, as well as Latin and Greek. However, Daniel was attracted by a completely different path — commercial activity, trade.

Activity in literature began with pamphlets and satirical poems, as well as prose treatises on business issues. In 1701, Defoe wrote a pamphlet "A Pure-blooded Englishman", ridiculing the aristocracy. He gained incredible popularity: he was sold on the street, and all 80 thousand copies were immediately sold out. For the pamphlet, the authorities put him in prison until the execution of his sentence. While he was in prison, his commercial enterprise - a tile factory - collapsed.

Daniel Defoe also writes literary works tirelessly. In 1719, the book "The Life and Amazing Adventures of Robinson Crusoe" was published — a work that entered the treasury of world literature and brought the author a stunning success. On his wave, Defoe wrote in the same year "The Further Adventures of Robinson Crusoe".

He wrote more than half a thousand works, including the novels "The Joys and Sorrows of Mole Flanders" (1722), "The Happy Courtesan, or Roxanne" (1724), "The Life, adventures and piratical exploits of the famous Captain Singleton" (1720) and "The Story of Colonel Jack" (1722), the works "The Perfect English Merchant", "Sea Trade Atlas", "A General History of Piracy", "A journey around the island of Great Britain". Daniel Defoe died in April 1731 in London.

Jonathan Swift 

Jonathan Swift is a famous writer from Ireland. He was born in Dublin on November 30, 1667.

In 1686, Swift studied humanities and became a bachelor.  Initially, he wanted to continue his studies and get a master's degree.But the civil revolution changed the writer's plans, and in 1688 he left his native Ireland and moved to England. There he has been working as an assistant to William Temple for a long time, performing various kinds of assignments.

In 1699, after the death of his boss, Swift finds work in a small church parish near Dublin and leads a calm, peaceful lifestyle.

All this time Swift has been engaged in creativity, but there has not been much success. Only in 1704 he published the pamphlet "The Battle of Books" and the work "The Fairy Tale of the Butterfly", but he did not indicate his name. These publications brought him some popularity.

In 1726, he published his most famous work, "Travels to some remote countries of the world in four parts: the work of Lemuel Gulliver, first a surgeon, and then the captain of several ships." Many events in the book are a reflection of historical events in which the author himself took part.

In 1742, Swift had a stroke. And three years later he died. The writer was buried according to his will in Dublin next to his beloved Esther Johnson.

Walter Scott 

Walter Scott - the famous British writer of Scottish origin, the founder of the historical novel - was born in the Scottish capital, Edinburgh, on August 15, 1771.

In 1785 he was educated at the University of Edinburgh. Within the walls of this educational institution, he and a group of friends created a "Poetic Society", was fond of German poets, studied German. After university, Walter Scott acquires his own practice and at the same time begins to get involved in collecting old songs and ballads of Scotland. In the field of literature, he made his first appearance, translating in 1796 two poems by the German poet Burger.

During the 20-30s. he not only wrote novels ("Ivanhoe", "Quentin Dorward", "Robert, Count of Paris"), but also undertook a number of historical studies (published in 1829-1830 two volumes of "History of Scotland", nine-volume "Life of Napoleon".

Walter Scott's most famous novel is Ivanhoe. The novel was written in 1819 and became the writer's first novel about English history. Prior to that, Scott wrote colorful Scottish novels, which for the first time attracted public attention to his native history and culture of Scotland.

The novel was published without a signature and became known as a new work by the author of the novel "Waverley" (1814), the writer's first novel. Scott turned to historical novels at the age of 31, having already gained fame as an author of ballads and poems.

As a result of the first apoplexy that occurred in 1830, Walter Scott's right arm was paralyzed, followed by two more strokes. On September 21, 1832, he died of a heart attack in Abbotsford, Scotland; Dryburgh became the burial place.

Jane Austen 

Jane Austen was born on December 16, 1775 in Steventon in the family of a priest.

Since childhood, Jane has read many books by English novelists (Fielding, Richardson, Shakespeare).

Austen's literary career began in 1789. When she was only 14 years old, she wrote her first little-known work "Love and Friendship".

From 1811 to 1817, she wrote the novels "Sensibility Feelings" (1811), "Pride and Prejudice" (1811), "Northanger Abbey" (1818). The latter was published posthumously. The novel "Sanditon" remained unfinished.

The work "Pride and Prejudice" became very popular. He had film adaptations with the same name in 2005, 2003 and the 1995 TV series.

On July 8, 1817, Jane died in Winchester due to Addison's disease.

Mary Shelley

Mary Shelley (30 August 1797 – 1 February 1851) is the famous English writer. Mary was the daughter of the writer and philosopher W. Godwin and the writer Mary Wollstonecraft. In 1814, she became the common-law wife of the poet P. B. Shelley. In 1818, after the death of Shelley's first wife, he and Mary legalized their relationship with a church marriage. In 1822, the poet tragically died, and Mary devoted her life to editing his publications and raising their only son of four children, who did not die in infancy. She earned her living by literary work.

Mary Shelley wrote seven novels, six of which were published during her lifetime, and the last was published in 1859. The first novel, written by the writer at the age of 19 in 1818, became a famous classic work - "Frankenstein, or the Modern Prometheus". The novel describes a great achievement and a fatal mistake of human genius.

Mary Shelley's philosophical idea is the incomprehensibility of the mysteries of the universe and the danger of human interference in the laws of nature. In the 20th century, the Frankenstein monster stands alongside the famous vampire Dracula and becomes one of the most important symbols in Western mythology.

Mary Shelley died in London in 1851.

Charles Dickens                                                                  

Charles Dickens is an English writer, one of the greatest English-speaking prose writers of the XIX century, a classic of world literature. Charles Dickens was born on February 7, 1812 in the town of Landport.  From 1817 to 1823, the Dickens family lived in Chetham, where Charles began attending school. Financial troubles put an end to his childhood, because of which his father was put in prison, and 11-year-old Charles was forced to work for several months at a factory that produced wax. From 1824 to 1826 Charles studied at the private school "Vallington House Academy".

In 1833, in a monthly magazine, the writer published his first essay - "Lunch on Poplar Wok", signed with the pseudonym "Boz".  In 1836 he published the first sections of the novel "Posthumous Notes of the Pickwick Club", which had great success with readers. From 1837 to 1841 - the famous novels of Charles Dickens are published: "The Adventures of Oliver Twist", "The Life and Adventures of Nicholas Nickleby", "The Antiquities Shop", etc.

In the 1850s - the novels "Bleak House", "Hard Times" and "Baby Dorrit" were written. For some time Dickens worked as an editor of the magazine "Home Reading", in which he published his own compositions. After a conflict with publishers, he founded a similar magazine "All Year Round".

On June 9, 1870, fifty-eight-year-old Charles Dickens died of a stroke in Heidshill.

Charlotte Brontë

Charlotte Brontë (21 April 1816 – 31 March 1855) the English novelist and poet was born in the village of Hoert in Yorkshire on April 21, 1816 in the family of a local priest.

In 1846, Charlotte and her sisters Emily and Ann decided to seriously engage in literary activity. With their own money, the girls publish a collection of poems, but this book is not a commercial success. The novel Jane Eyre, published in 1847, brings unexpected fame to Bronte.

Along with fame, misfortune comes to Charlotte's family. At the end of the 40s, first her brother, and then two sisters, pass away one by one. This greatly undermines the girl's morale, but does not deprive her of the ability to write. In 1849, Bronte published a new novel "Shirley", and then — "The Town" (1853).

In 1854, Bronte married Arthur Bell Nicholls. At the same time, she begins working on her new novel "Emma", but manages to write only a few pages, as she soon becomes very ill and dies in March 1855.

Emily Brontë

Emily Brontë (30 July 1818 – 19 December 1848) is the English poet and novelist, born in the Yorkshire village of Hoet in the family of a poor local priest Patrick Bronte.

Despite the fact that Emily showed a penchant for writing in early childhood, her literary debut was the release, together with her sisters Ann and Charlotte, of a collection of poems published at the girls' personal expense only in 1846. This book was not a financial success, but Emily nevertheless continued her creative career, and in 1847 her novel Wuthering Heights was published.

During his lifetime, this work did not become widely known, and it was only at the end of the XIX century that it was recognized in literary circles. The same applies to the poetic work of Bronte, which is also now rated very highly, especially such poems of the poetess as "Remembrance" and "Prisoner".

Emily Bronte died at the age of thirty from consumption in the autumn of 1848. Two months earlier, the girl had lost her older brother Brenwell, who died of the same disease.

Anne Brontë  

Anne Brontë (17 January 1820 – 28 May 1849) was the youngest of the Bronte family's six children.

Along with her sisters, Ann wrote stories and poems from early childhood. Together with his sister Emily, they imagined in their fantasies a magical world called Gondal, filling it with characters and extraordinary adventures.

In 1846, Ann and her sisters, taking the pseudonym of the Bell Brothers, published a collection of poems and short stories, which included two novels directly written by Ann herself — "Agnes Gray" and "The Stranger from Wildfell Hall". The novel "Agnes Grey" is based on her personal life experience — working as a governess in the family. Ann Bronte published under the pseudonym Acton Bell.

Anne had a burning desire to see the sea in Scarborough, to go to a place where she had been before, but this trip could only come true in May. In company with Charlotte and a family friend, Ellen, Ann arrived in Scarborough on May 25, 1849 and died of tuberculosis three days later. Her body was buried at the local St. Mary's Cemetery.

Lewis Carroll 

Lewis Carroll is an English writer, mathematician, philosopher, clergyman, photographer.

Charles Latwidge Dodgson (real name of Lewis Carroll) was born on January 27, 1832 in the village of Darsbury, Cheshire.

At the age of 12, Charles entered a private grammar school, and after a while transferred to Rugby School, where he demonstrated his abilities in mathematics and theology.

In 1850, Charles was enrolled in the prestigious Christ Church College at Oxford University.

Charles managed to get a bachelor's degree and won a competition to lecture in mathematics at his native college. He worked in this position for the next 26 years.

The turning point in the fate of the future writer was 1856. It was then that the leadership of Christchurch changed, and Henry Liddell became the director of the college. Charles quickly developed a friendship with him and his family. One of Sidel's daughters, Alice, inspired Charles to write a fabulous story that made him famous all over the world.

In 1865, he published the fairy tale "Alice in Wonderland", which instantly became very popular.

Without wasting time, Lewis Carroll began work on a sequel and in 1871 published Alice through the Looking Glass. Despite the fact that the books were written for children, the author touched upon many important philosophical problems in them. That is why Carroll's works have been so popular among adults and children for many years.

Later Lewis Carroll wrote other works: "The Hunt for the Snark", "The Story of the knots", "What the turtle said to Achilles" and others. But none of them could compete with the stories about the girl Alice.

Lewis Carroll died on January 14, 1898 at the age of 65. The cause of death was pneumonia.

Thomas Hardy

Thomas Hardy (2 June 1840 – 11 January 1928) was born in the tiny English village of Upper Bockhampton in 1840. The boy was educated at a church school in Dorchester. In 1862, the future poet received a diploma in architecture from King's College London.

After returning home to Dorchester, he wrote his first, but not in demand novel. At the age of 34 in Cornwall, he married Emma, a year later he published the novel "Desperate Hearts" without the author's name. For the next ten years he worked fruitfully and became a recognized professional writer. Fame came to him thanks to the fifth novel "Far from the madding crowd", which was first published in the magazine "Cornhill".

In 1885, he and his wife settled in Dorchester. He and Emma lived together in a new house, where there was no children's laughter. Now the object for the creation of short stories that he decided to write was his hometown. In his stories, he described the life and relationships of peasants. The novelist became famous among writers. Wessex Stories" (1888), "A Group of Noble Ladies" (1891) and "The Little Ironies of Life" (1894), are three collections of published short stories by Thomas Hardy.

A heart attack caused the death of his wife Emma in 1912. He no longer wrote short stories or novels. T. Hardy composed poems and poems about love for his wife. He remarried Florence Dugdale. The novelist died in 1928. His heart was buried separately from his body in the grave of his first wife.

Bram Stoker 

Bram (Abraham) Stoker was born on November 8, 1847 in Dublin, Ireland.

He has worked in a variety of genres. After the first novel, The Duties of Small Clerks in Ireland (1879), numerous books were published, including for children. Despite the success of some of them, such as "Snake Pass" (1890), "The Secret of the Sea" (1902), "Personal Memories of Henry Irving" (1906), "Lady in a Shroud" (1909) and "Lair of the White Worm" (1911), they are almost forgotten. Only the novel "Dracula", written in 1897, gained immortality. This book, far from being the first narrative about vampires, has become a true classic of the genre, its standard and has caused a rapid surge of worldwide fascination with the "vampire" theme, which has not subsided to this day. Stoker managed to create his own new, extraordinarily beautiful world based on various myths, stretching from the Middle Ages to the present day, from mysterious Transylvania to cozy London. And the main thing is to create a new mythical hero.

Stoker's Dracula has had many film adaptations with the appropriate title. Dracula (2020), Dracula's War (2017), Dracula (2014), Dracula (2013) and so on.

Bram Stoker died in London on April 20, 1912.

Robert Louis Stevenson 

Robert Louis Stevenson (13 November 1850 – 3 December 1894) Robert Louis Stevenson is a Scottish writer, the author of many famous adventure stories, best known for the work "Treasure Island". He was born on November 13, 1850 in Edinburgh, in the family of an engineer.

The writer's first book was printed with his father's money in 1866. It was a historical essay entitled "The Petland Uprising. Pages of history, 1666". A few years after a series of travels, Stevenson wrote an essay "The Road". And in 1878, a book with an essay "Journey into the country" was published. For a long time, Stevenson planned to write a novel, but nothing came out. The publication of the novel "Treasure Island" took place in 1883. Before that, he appeared in series in 1881-82 in the children's magazine "Young Folk" and did not have much success. Soon the novel brought Stevenson world fame.

After that, he wrote several more adventure works. These include "Kidnapped" (1886), "Black Arrow" (1888) and some others. In addition to novels, Stevenson composed 48 poems about childhood, which were included in the collection "Whistles". Since 1890, the writer lived on the islands of Samoa, where he continued his literary activity. It was there that he wrote a collection of short stories "Evening conversations on the Island". Stevenson's last work entitled "Weir Hermiston" remained unfinished. R. L. Stevenson died in Samoa in 1894 as a result of a stroke.

Oscar Wild 

Oscar was born on October 16, 1854 in Dublin in the family of a doctor.

From 1864 to 1871, Oscar spent time at the Royal School of Portora, graduating from which he was sent to Trinity College with a medal.

Wilde's first published collection of Poems was published in 1881. He worked as a journalist and also wrote many short stories at that time. In 1890, Wilde's novel "The Portrait of Dorian Gray" was published, which quickly found success.

The writer's wit was perfectly manifested in the comedies "The Ideal husband", "How important it is to be serious". In 1897, he settled in France, changing his name to Sebastian Melmotte, wrote "The Ballad of Reading Prison". On November 30, 1900, Wilde's biography was cut short as a result of an illness (meningitis).

Bernard Shaw 

Bernard Shaw (26 July 1856 – 2 November 1950) is the English writer. Born in Dublin. He is of Irish descent. In 1871 he graduated from high school in Dublin. In 1876 he moved to London, where he took up journalism and literature. One after another, his novels "Unreasonable Marriage", "The Love of an Artist", the plays "The Widower's House", "The Heartbreaker" are published. He was one of the founders and leaders of the social-reformist "Fabian Society".

In 1898, a collection of plays "Unpleasant Plays" appeared, which included the first plays by Bernard Shaw that did not find recognition. The most famous plays of the Show are "Pygmalion", "The House where hearts break", "St. John" (tragedy, interpretation of the story of Joan of Arc). In 1925 he received the Nobel Prize. Being a supporter of socialism, he welcomed the October Revolution in Russia. In 1931 he visited the USSR. He entered the history of literature as the creator of a drama-discussion, in the center of which is a clash of hostile ideologies, an uncompromising solution to socio—ethical problems. His creative activity was diverse: he wrote treatises, pamphlets, novels, plays, articles about music and theater. Bernard Shaw died in 1950 in Eyot St. Lawrence.

Jerome Klapka Jerome 

Jerome Klapka Jerome ( 2 May 1859 – 14 June 1927) is an English satirical writer, playwright, worked full–time in the Punch magazine, and also edited the magazines "Lazy" and "Today". The most famous works are "Three in a boat, not counting the dog", "Three on four wheels". He was born in Walsall in Staffordshire in the family of a hardware merchant and a preacher.

Success came to the aspiring writer in 1885, when he released his humorous novella "On Stage and behind the Stage". A year later, "Idle Thoughts of a lazy person" appeared. In 1888, he married Georgina Mariss. Immediately after the wedding, they went on a boat trip on the Thames. It is believed that this plot formed the basis of the story "Three in a boat, not counting the dog" (1889).

With the outbreak of the First World War, the writer wanted to volunteer to go to the front, but due to his age he was not taken there. Then he got a job in the French army as an ambulance driver. In 1926, the book of the writer's memoirs "My Life and Epoch" was published. In recent years, he spent a lot of time at his country house in Evilma. Jerome K. Jerome died in June 1927 due to a stroke.

Arthur Conan Doyle 

Sir Arthur Ignatius Conan Doyle was born on May 22, 1859 in Edinburgh in a family of Irish Catholics who had achievements in art and literature.

He enrolled at the University of Edinburgh in the medical department.

Doyle's first short story was called "The Secret of the Sassan Valley" and was written under the influence of the works of E. A. Poe and B. Garth. Soon his second story, "American History", was published. In 1880, he served for some time as a ship's doctor on a whaling ship. He later described his impressions of this trip in The Captain of the Polar Star. A year later, he received a bachelor's degree in medicine and seriously engaged in medical practice.

The greatest popularity of the writer was brought by the stories about the observant London detective Sherlock Holmes and his friend Watson. Readers were attracted by the irony of the detective and his spiritual aristocracy.

The writer died on July 7, 1930 as a result of a heart attack. A few years before that, he managed to publish an autobiographical book "Memories and Adventures".

James Matthew Barrie

James Barry is a Scottish playwright and novelist, author of the famous children's fairy tale "Peter Pan". He was born on May 9, 1860 in Kirriemuir and was the ninth child in the family of a weaver. He studied at Dumfries Academy, then at the University of Edinburgh.

He began his literary activity in 1885. In 1889, the writer published a series of stories from village life "Idyll of Old Licht" and a novel from the life of journalists "When a man is alone". Then Barry wrote the unsuccessful melodrama "It's Better to Die" (1888), the love-psychological novels "The Little Minister" (1891), "Sentimental Tommy" (1896) and its sequel "Tommy and Grizel" (1900), a book about his mother "Margaret Ogilvy" (1896).

Since 1897 Barry has been turning to drama. He is famous for "Quality Street" (1901), a comedy depicting England at the beginning of the XIX century. Barry's plays introduced him to the circle of outstanding playwrights of that time. In 1898 Barry met Sylvia and Arthur Davis. This acquaintance was the beginning of a long friendship between Barry and the Davis family. In 1894, he married a young actress, Mary Ansell, who played in one of his plays. The marriage was dissolved in 1909. The Barry couple had no children. After the deaths of Sylvia and Arthur Davis, Barry became the unofficial guardian of their children — five boys.

He died on June 19, 1937, leaving no direct heirs.

O. Henry (William Sidney Porter) )

O. Henry (1862-1910) was a world-famous writer, a recognized master of American short stories. He is famous for his short stories, which are filled with subtle humor and always with a bright unexpected ending.

William Sidney Porter was born on September 11, 1862 in Greensboro (North Carolina) in the family of a doctor. At the age of three, he lost his mother, who died of tuberculosis, and was raised by his paternal aunt, who was the owner of a private school. After school, at the age of 16, he began working at his uncle's pharmacy, as a salesman and pharmacist. He studied quickly and got a pharmacist's license a year later.

The first literary experiments date back to the early 1880s. In April 1894, Porter began publishing the humorous weekly "The Rolling Stone" in Austin, almost entirely filling it with his own essays, jokes, poems and drawings. A year later, the magazine closed due to lack of funds.

In December, Porter was dismissed from the bank and brought to court in connection with the shortage. In February 1898, he was convicted of embezzlement and imprisoned in Columbus, Ohio, where he spent three years and four days.

In prison, Porter worked and wrote short stories, looking for a pseudonym. In the end, he opted for the option of O. Henry.

O. Henry's only novel, Cabbages and Kings, was published in 1904 (which is not a novel, but a collection of short stories united by a common place of action). It was followed by collections of short stories: The Four Million (1906), The Trimmed Lamp (1907), Heart of the West (1907), "The Voice of the City" (1908),  The Gentle Grafter (1908), Roads of Destiny (1909),  Options ( 1909), Strictly Business (1910) and Whirligigs (1910).

Porter died on June 5, 1910 in New York at the age of 47. He is buried in Asheville, North Carolina, at Riverside Cemetery.

Rudyard Kipling  

Joseph Rudyard Kipling is an English writer and poet, widely known for his works "The Jungle Book" and "Kim", as well as numerous poems.

Kipling was born in Bombay on December 30, 1865. When Kipling turned 5 years old, his parents decide to send him to an English private boarding school.

Already at a young age, Kipling begins to write his first stories. At this time, he is already studying at the Devon School. In 1883, the Civil Military Newspaper began publishing the writer's works.

In 1989, Rudyard Kipling published his first novel entitled "The Light went Out". During these years, he decides to settle in England, where he creates wonderful children's novels "The Jungle Book" and "The Second Jungle Book".

After in 1899, while in South Africa, Kipling meets Cecil Rhodes, who made a great impression on him, he writes one of his best novels, Kim.

Until the 1930s, Kipling continued to write short stories, but they are no longer as popular as the early works. The writer died in 1936 in London at the age of 70.

Herbert George Wells 

Herbert George Wells (21 September 1866 – 13 August 1946) is an English science fiction writer was born in a small town called Bromley.

In 1891, the writer married for the first time, and in 1893 began to engage in journalism professionally, regularly publishing his articles and essays. In 1895, Wells' first novel, The Time Machine, was published.

In the late 90s, the writer also created such novels as "The Island of Dr. Moreau" (1896), "The War of the Worlds" (1897) and "The Invisible Man" (1897). All these works brought him fame and commercial success.

Wells traveled a lot, including in Russia (1914), and often gave lectures.

The writer died on August 13, 1946 in London, leaving behind a rich creative legacy.

Alan Milne 

Alan Alexander Milne (1882-1956) - novelist, poet and playwright, classic of twentieth-century literature, author of the famous "Winnie the Pooh".

Alan Alexander Milne, an English writer of Scottish descent, spent his childhood in London. He attended a small private school owned by his father, John Milne.  A born pacifist, Milne was drafted into the Royal Army and served in France. Later he wrote the book "Peace with Honor", in which he condemned the war.

In 1926, the first version of a Bear with sawdust in its head (in English, a bear with very small brains) appeared - "Winnie the Pooh". The second part of the stories, "Now there are six of us", appeared in 1927, and the final part of the book "The House on the Downy Edge" - in 1928.

Before the publication of the books about Winnie-the-Pooh, Milne was already a fairly well-known playwright, but the success of Winnie-the-Pooh has acquired such proportions that Milne's other works are now practically unknown. Worldwide sales of books about Pooh Bear, translated into 25 languages, from 1924 to 1956 exceeded 7 million.

In 1952, Milne underwent brain surgery, after which he spent four years, until his death, at his estate in Cotchford, Sussex.

Agatha Christie 

Agatha Christie was born on September 15, 1890 in Torquay (Devon).  Agatha received a good home education, in particular, musical, and only fear of the stage prevented her from becoming a musician.

Agatha married for the first time on Christmas Day in 1914 to Colonel Archibald Christie, with whom she had been in love for several years - even when he was a lieutenant. They had a daughter, Rosalind.

In 1920, her first novel, The Mysterious Incident at Styles, was published. The manuscript of an unknown writer was taken only in the seventh publishing house, paying a very modest fee. The beginning of the creative path became very successful, the novel immediately made its author famous. Agatha Christie considered the novel "Ten Little Negroes" to be her best work.

For her services in the field of literary activity in 1971, Agatha Christie was awarded the title of Knight Dame of the Order of the British Empire.

From 1971 to 1974, the state of health deteriorated more and more, but the writer did not stop working.

 On January 12, 1976, she died while at her home in Wallingford.

R.R. Tolkien  

John Ronald Reuel Tolkien was born on January 3, 1892 in Bloemfontein, South Africa.

Tolkien began teaching at the University of Leeds in 1920, and a few years later became a professor at Oxford University. There he founded a writing group called The Inklings, which included writers such as C.S. Lewis and Owen Barfield. It was at Oxford, while checking student papers, that he suddenly wrote a short sentence about the Hobbit.

The novel was published in 1937 and was attributed to children's literature, although Tolkien himself claimed that the book was not intended for children.

Over the years, while working in scientific publications, Tolkien created a work that is considered his masterpiece - the Lord of the Rings series of books, partly inspired by ancient European myths, but with its own set of maps, knowledge and languages.

Tolkien released the first part of the book "The Fellowship of the Ring" in 1954; "The Two Towers" and "The Return of the King" in 1955, thus ending the trilogy. Books have become a rich literary find for readers, inhabited by elves, goblins, talking trees and other all kinds of fantastic creatures.

Tolkien died on September 2, 1973 at the age of 81.

Clive Staples Lewis 

He was born on November 29, 1898 in Belfast, Northern Ireland, but lived most of his life in England. He is an English and Irish writer, scholar and theologian. He is known for his works on medieval literature and Christian apologetics, as well as works of fiction in the fantasy genre. One of the representatives of the Oxford literary group "Inklings".

In 1919, under the pseudonym Clive Hamilton, he published a collection of poems, The Oppressed Spirit. In 1923 he received a bachelor's degree, later a master's degree and became a teacher of philology. From 1925-1954 he taught English language and literature at Magdalena College, Oxford. In 1926, under the same pseudonym, Clive Hamilton published a collection of poems "Dimer". In 1950-1955, the Chronicles of Narnia cycle was published, which brought Lewis world fame. In 1954 he moved to Cambridge, where he taught English language and literature at Magdalena College, and in 1955 became a member of the British Academy. In 1956, Lewis marries American Joy Davidman (1915-1960).In 1960, Lewis and Joy, together with friends, go to Greece, visit Athens, Mycenae, Rhodes, Heraklion and Knossos.

 In 1963, Clive Lewis stopped teaching due to heart problems and kidney disease. He died on November 22 of the same year, not having lived a week before his 65th birthday.

George Orwell 

George Orwell is a British writer and publicist. Real name Eric Arthur Blair. He was born on June 25, 1903 in India in the town of Mokhtari.

He studied at St. Cyprian's School, and attended Eton College until 1921. From 1922 to 1927, he served in the colonial police in Burma, then spent a long time in the UK and Europe, living by odd jobs, at the same time he began writing fiction and journalism.

In 1935, he took the pseudonym George Orwell.

In 1945, his satirical novel "Animal Farm" was published. It was dedicated to the rebirth of revolutionary views. A year before his death, the most important novel of his life, 1984, was published. In addition, he has written many essays and articles on the topic of socio-critical development of society.

J. Orwell died of tuberculosis in a London hospital on January 21, 1950.

Ian Fleming 

Ian Lancaster Fleming (1908 – 1964) was a journalist and writer who created a series of books about James Bond.

 Ian Lancaster was born on May 28, 1908 in London. Jan's father was a politician, a member of parliament. Ian Fleming received his first education in his biography at Eton College. After that, he continued his studies, entering the military academy. Up to this point, he was fond of literature, and after graduating from the academy, he began working as a journalist in a news agency. He worked in this position from 1931 to 1933. He left journalism after a trip to Moscow, where he was supposed to cover in the press the trial of those accused of espionage by the British.

But I couldn't live long without any occupation, journalism. So, in 1939, Lancaster went back to work. On the eve of the war, he began serving in the Navy. And during the Second World War, in the biography of Ian Fleming, he served in intelligence.

Fleming's first James Bond book was published in 1953. This book was followed by 13 more, two of which were collections of short stories. Among other famous works of Fleming: "Diamonds are eternal", "Doctor No", "From Russia with love". The last book was published in 1966 – "Octopus and sparks from the eyes."

Wilbert Audrey   

Wilbert Audrey was born in the English town of Romsey, Hampshire, on June 15, 1911 in the family of Lucy and Vere Audrey. He was educated at an Adventist School in West Lavington, Wiltshire. After completing his studies, from 1933 to 1936 Wilbert worked as a teacher at St. George's School in Jerusalem.

The locomotive characters that made Wilbur famous, and the first stories with their participation were invented by him in 1942 to entertain his son Christopher, who was seriously ill with measles at the age of two and a half years. Audrey didn't plan to do anything with his stories, but his wife thought otherwise. After the Second World War, these stories were published in a book called "Three Steam Locomotives".

In addition to his main series of "Railway Stories", Wilbert wrote other books, both fiction and non-fiction, including the story "Belinda the Beetle" about a red car and a guide for parents "Our Child begins to pray".

He died peacefully in Stroud, Gloucestershire, on 21 March 1997 at the age of 85.

Roald Dahl 

Roald Dahl (13 September 1916 – 23 November 1990) was a British novelist, short story writer, poet, screenwriter, and fighter pilot. Born in Wales to Norwegian parents, Dahl served in the Royal Air Force during World War II, in which he became a flying ace and intelligence officer, rising to the rank of acting wing commander. He rose to prominence in the 1940s with works for both children and adults and became one of the world's best-selling authors. He has been referred to as "one of the greatest storytellers for children of the 20th century". Among his awards for contribution to literature, he received the World Fantasy Award for Life Achievement in 1983, and Children's Author of the Year from the British Book Awards in 1990. In 2008 The Times placed Dahl 16th on its list of "The 50 greatest British writers since 1945". Dahl's short stories are known for their unexpected endings and his children's books for their unsentimental, often very dark humour. His works for children include James and the Giant Peach, Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, Matilda, The Witches, Fantastic Mr Fox, The BFG, George's Marvellous Medicine, and The Twits. Adult works include Tales of the Unexpected and My Uncle Oswald.

J.K. Rolling 

J.K. Rolling is a British writer, screenwriter and film producer, best known as the author of the Harry Potter series of novels.

She was born on July 31, 1965 in the town of Yate (Gloucestershire).

Joan loved to tell fairy tales since childhood. She wrote her first fairy tale at the age of 5-6.

After graduation, she moved to London, where she briefly worked as a secretary-translator.

In 1990, she moved to Manchester. Soon the future writer moved to Portugal, where she taught English. In between classes, she composed her novel about a boy who studied at a magic school and was distinguished by extraordinary abilities.

When it came time to publish her work, Joan faced a lot of rejections. In the end, the book "Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone" was bought by Bloomsbury Publishing House.

After publication in the UK, Joan was talked about as a writer, and the book about Harry Potter won the Book of the Year award. When the publishing house "Arthur A. Levin / Educational Literature" bought the rights to the book for an impressive sum, the writer was able to quit teaching and devote herself entirely to writing.

Conclusion

In this work we have achieved all the purposes set in the beginning of the project. The database of biographical articles ofBritish writers and their works has been collected.

Actually, to make our project more solid, we should have done a quize on British literature among teenagers to find out their level of acquaintances of that literature. Regrettably, we haven’t got an opportunity to do it because of the paper problem. Instead, we’ve researched Federal Component of State Educational Standards for Basic General and Secondary (Complete) General Education to find out that only 12 British writers are taught in Literature lessons in 5-9 forms and 9 British writers are taught in Literature lessons in 10-11 forms. However, from several newspaper articles we have learnt that today's teenagers read no less than teenagers 20 years ago. They just read other literature. We are sure that reading books that have been tested by time and passed through the reader's choice of several generations is a sign of a literate, intellectual, erudite person.

Modern children are the generation of information technology. Our parents' generation is accustomed to holding a book in their hands. But 20 years ago there were no iPhones. The generation that grew up with gadgets in their hands is very different from the previous one. That is why we want to offer our teenagers to combine a good habit with a useful activity - reading.

Our Appendix contains abstracts of works and a QR code for a quick transition to the page of the selected work in Russian or English.

Sources

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2. Литературный календарь, https://clck.ru/faCxo
3. Интересные факты, https://clck.ru/faGLF
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9. Сайт литературы в кратком содержании, https://clck.ru/auJES
10. Сайт, посвященный Уильяму Шекспиру, https://shekspir450.jimdofree.com
11. Сайт литературы в кратком содержании, https://clck.ru/g4yzw
12. Сайт кратких содержаний и биографий, https://clck.ru/g4z2W 
13. Интересные факты вики, https://clck.ru/g4z2n
14. Интересные факты вики, https://clck.ru/g4z33
15. Сайт цитат, пословиц и поговорок, https://clck.ru/g4z3f 
16. Сайт биографии иностранных деятелей, https://clck.ru/gBkWD 
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18. Развивающий сайт для детей, https://allforchildren.ru/poetry/author126-miln.php
19. Сайт литературы в кратком содержании, https://kratkoe.com/agata-kristi-kratkaya-biografiya/ 
20.  Помощник при подготовке к урокам Образовака, https://clck.ru/gBrwC
21. Сайт литературы в кратком содержании, https://clck.ru/gBtmk
22. Журнал лаборатории и фантастики, https://fantlab.ru/autor335
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24. Сайт иностранных поэм, https://clck.ru/gBwH7
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26. Сайт сочинений и литературы в кратком содержании, https://www.allsoch.ru/gardi/ 
27. Учебные материалы для школьников и студентов по литературе и русскому языку, https://www.sdamna5.ru/robert_stivenson 
28. Сайт цитат, пословиц и поговорок, https://clck.ru/gCim3
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30. Учебные материалы для школьников и студентов по литературе и русскому языку, https://www.sdamna5.ru/sharlotta_bronte 
31. Сайт, посвященный сестрам Бронте, http://brontesisters.ru/sisters/ann
32. Учебные материалы для школьников и студентов по литературе и русскому языку, https://www.sdamna5.ru/emili_bronte
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34. Сайт для прочтения иностранной литературы с параллельным русским переводом, https://inlnk.ru/kXmw90
35. Сайт для прочтения иностранной литературы с параллельным русским переводом, https://inlnk.ru/yONwly
36. Сайт для прочтения иностранной литературы с параллельным русским переводом, https://inlnk.ru/Jj2Jwa 
37. Сайт для прочтения иностранной литературы с параллельным русским переводом, https://inlnk.ru/dnxQgw 
38. Сайт для прочтения иностранной литературы с параллельным русским переводом, https://inlnk.ru/YAjQxj 
39. Сайт для прочтения иностранной литературы с параллельным русским переводом, https://inlnk.ru/goNK3K
40. Сайт иностранных поэм, https://clck.ru/fb99p 
41. Сайт для прочтения иностранной литературы с параллельным русским переводом, https://inlnk.ru/LAN1RJ 
42. Сайт для прочтения иностранной литературы с параллельным русским переводом, https://clck.ru/fTcmM
43. Сайт для прочтения иностранной литературы с параллельным русским переводом, https://clck.ru/fTf9E 
44. Сайт для прочтения иностранной литературы с параллельным русским переводом, https://clck.ru/fTifd 
45. Сайт для прочтения иностранной литературы с параллельным русским переводом, https://inlnk.ru/4yP64d 
46. Сайт для прочтения иностранной литературы с параллельным русским переводом, https://clck.ru/fazcy 
47. Сайт для прочтения иностранной литературы с параллельным русским переводом, https://clck.ru/fTnXy 
48. Сайт для прочтения иностранной литературы с параллельным русским переводом, https://clck.ru/fTq5N 
49. Сайт для прочтения иностранной литературы с параллельным русским переводом, https://clck.ru/fTssE
50. Сайт для прочтения иностранной литературы с параллельным русским переводом, https://clck.ru/fTvJv
51. Сайт для прочтения иностранной литературы с параллельным русским переводом, https://clck.ru/fTxZP 
52. Сайт для прочтения иностранной литературы с параллельным русским переводом, https://clck.ru/fU2G5 
53. Сайт для прочтения иностранной литературы с параллельным русским переводом, https://clck.ru/fU55o 
54. Сайт для прочтения иностранной литературы с параллельным русским переводом, https://clck.ru/fVhqv 
55. Сайт для прочтения иностранной литературы с параллельным русским переводом, https://clck.ru/fVkhy 
56. Сайт для прочтения иностранной литературы с параллельным русским переводом, https://clck.ru/fVoiK 
57. Сайт для прочтения иностранной литературы с параллельным русским переводом, https://clck.ru/fVrt2 
58. Сайт для прочтения иностранной литературы с параллельным русским переводом, https://clck.ru/fVu32 
59. Сайт для прочтения иностранной литературы с параллельным русским переводом, https://clck.ru/fVx3R 
60. Сайт для прочтения иностранной литературы с параллельным русским переводом, https://clck.ru/fW2Ad
61. Сайт для прочтения иностранной литературы с параллельным русским переводом, https://clck.ru/fXSt4
62. Федеральный компонент
    государственного стандарта общего образования, https://rusobr.ru/fgos/fkgos2004.pdf
63. Гильдия словесников https://clck.ru/gMRmM
64. Вики Чтение. Взаимосвязи отечественной и зарубежной литератур в школьном курсе https://lit.wikireading.ru/48287
65. Новое литературное обозрение,  https://clck.ru/NVi2J
66. Генератор QR – кодов, http://qrcoder.ru/
67. Кликер, серьезный укорачиватель URL, https://clck.ru/

Appendix №1

МИНИСТЕРСТВО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ
РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ

ПРИКАЗ

от 5 марта 2004 года N 1089

Об утверждении федерального компонента государственных образовательных стандартов начального общего, основного общего и среднего (полного) общего образования

(с изменениями на 7 июня 2017 года)

Стандарт среднего (полного) общего образования
по литературе

Базовый уровень

Обязательный минимум содержания основных образовательных программ

Литературные произведения, предназначенные для обязательного изучения

Основными критериями отбора художественных произведений для изучения в школе являются их высокая художественная ценность, гуманистическая направленность, позитивное влияние на личность ученика, соответствие задачам его развития и возрастным особенностям, а также культурно-исторические традиции и богатый опыт отечественного образования.

Зарубежная литература

Проза

О.Бальзак, Г.Белль, О.Генри, У.Голдинг, Э.Т.А.Гофман, В.Гюго, Ч.Диккенс, Г.Ибсен, А.Камю, Ф.Кафка, Г.Г.Маркес, П.Мериме, М.Метерлинк, Г.Мопассан, У.С.Моэм, Д.Оруэлл, Э.А.По, Э.М.Ремарк, Ф.Стендаль, Дж.Сэлинджер, О.Уайльд, Г.Флобер, Э.Хемингуэй, Б.Шоу, У.Эко.

Произведения не менее трех авторов - по выбору.

Поэзия

Г..Аполлинер, Д.Г.Байрон, У.Блейк, Ш.Бодлер, П.Верлен, Э.Верхарн, Г.Гейне, А.Рембо, Р.М.Рильке, Т.С.Элиот.

Стихотворения не менее двух авторов - по выбору.

В образовательных учреждениях с родным (нерусским) языком обучения все крупные по объему произведения зарубежной литературы изучаются во фрагментах.

Стандарт среднего (полного) общего образования по литературе

Профильный уровень

Зарубежная литература

Проза

О.Бальзак, Г.Белль, О.Генри, У.Голдинг, Э.Т.А.Гофман, В.Гюго, Ч.Диккенс, Г.Ибсен, А.Камю, Ф.Кафка, Г.Г.Маркес, П.Мериме, М.Метерлинк, Г.Мопассан, У.С.Моэм, Д.Оруэлл, Э.А.По, Э.М.Ремарк, Ф.Стендаль, Дж.Сэлинджер, О.Уайльд, Г.Флобер, Э.Хемингуэй, Б.Шоу, У.Эко.

Произведения не менее трех авторов - по выбору.

Поэзия

Г.Аполлинер, Д.Г.Байрон, У.Блейк, Ш.Бодлер, П.Верлен, Э.Верхарн, Г.Гейне, А.Рембо, Р.М.Рильке, Т.С.Элиот.

Стихотворения не менее трех авторов - по выбору.

В образовательных учреждениях с родным (нерусским) языком обучения все крупные по объему произведения зарубежной литературы изучаются во фрагментах.

СТАНДАРТ ОСНОВНОГО ОБЩЕГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ ПО ЛИТЕРАТУРЕ

Зарубежная литература

Гомер "Илиада", "Одиссея" (фрагменты).

 АНТИЧНАЯ ЛИРИКА ДВА СТИХОТВОРЕНИЯ ПО ВЫБОРУ.

ДАНТЕ "БОЖЕСТВЕННАЯ КОМЕДИЯ" (ФРАГМЕНТЫ).

 М. СЕРВАНТЕС РОМАН "ДОН КИХОТ" (ФРАГМЕНТЫ).

 У. Шекспир Трагедии: "Ромео и Джульетта", "Гамлет" (в образовательных учреждениях с родным (нерусским) языком обучения обе трагедии изучаются в сокращении). ДВА СОНЕТА ПО ВЫБОРУ.

 Ж.Б. Мольер Одна комедия по выбору.

 И.В. Гете "Фауст" (фрагменты).

Ф. ШИЛЛЕР ОДНО ПРОИЗВЕДЕНИЕ ПО ВЫБОРУ.

Э.Т.А. ГОФМАН ОДНО ПРОИЗВЕДЕНИЕ ПО ВЫБОРУ.

ДЖ.Г. БАЙРОН ОДНО ПРОИЗВЕДЕНИЕ ПО ВЫБОРУ.

 П. МЕРИМЕ ОДНО ПРОИЗВЕДЕНИЕ ПО ВЫБОРУ.

Э.А. ПО ОДНО ПРОИЗВЕДЕНИЕ ПО ВЫБОРУ.

О. ГЕНРИ ОДНО ПРОИЗВЕДЕНИЕ ПО ВЫБОРУ.

Д. ЛОНДОН ОДНО ПРОИЗВЕДЕНИЕ ПО ВЫБОРУ.

А. СЕНТ-ЭКЗЮПЕРИ СКАЗКА "МАЛЕНЬКИЙ ПРИНЦ".

Х.К. АНДЕРСЕН, Р. БЕРНС, У. БЛЕЙК, Р. БРЭДБЕРИ, Ж. ВЕРН, Ф. ВИЙОН, Г. ГЕЙНЕ, У. ГОЛДИНГ, В. ГЮГО,

Д. ДЕФО, А.К. ДОЙЛ, Р. КИПЛИНГ, Л. КЭРРОЛЛ, Ф. КУПЕР, ДЖ. СВИФТ, ДЖ. СЭЛИНДЖЕР, В. СКОТТ,

Р.Л. СТИВЕНСОН, М. ТВЕН, Э. ХЕМИНГУЭЙ.

ПРОИЗВЕДЕНИЯ НЕ МЕНЕЕ ТРЕХ АВТОРОВ ПО ВЫБОРУ. В образовательных учреждениях с родным (нерусским) языком обучения все большие по объему произведения изучаются во фрагментах

Appendix №2

Literature for Children

"The Adventures of Oliver Twist”

By Charles Dickens

https://inlnk.ru/ZZo6p4 

The novel "The Adventures of Oliver Twist" (1838) is the story of an orphan boy who was born in a workhouse and forced to live in the London slums. Young Oliver meets meanness and nobility, crime and integrity on his way.

With all his heart, the author is attached to his young hero and helps him pass incredible life trials. Dickens makes the reader think about cruelty and injustice, about what he himself could not come to terms with until the end of his life.

"The Jungle Book"

By Rudyard Kipling

https://inlnk.ru/kXmw90

More than a hundred years have passed since the publication of the "Jungle Book", but readers' interest in the life of a human cub in the world of the wild jungle does not weaken.

Stories about friendship and devotion, wisdom, nobility and justice, in which Mowgli's interlocutors and teachers are Baloo the bear, Bagheera the panther, Akela the wolf, Kaa the boa constrictor, have become favorite among readers of all countries and ages.

“The Happy Prince”

By Oscar Wild 

https://inlnk.ru/yONwly 

The Fairy tail "The Happy Prince” is about the beautiful statue of the Happy Prince who gave his gold and precious stones to the poor and destitute. And the bird helped him in this. This fairy tale teaches kindness, nobility and responsiveness, which is sometimes so lacking in the modern world!

"Alice in Wonderland"

By Lewis Carol  

https://inlnk.ru/Jj2Jwa 

Probably, each of us at least once thought about the existence of a parallel universe inhabited by mysterious antipodes. Where walking on your head is a common thing, where an ordinary March rabbit occupies a prominent place in society, where the most incredible and absurd things come true...

"There are a lot of unclear things in a strange country, you can get confused and get lost ...— - the words from Vysotsky's song for the edification of the little girl Alice sound in unison with the thread of the narrative. Lewis Carroll gives you a feel for the main law of the dialectic of life - the unity and struggle of opposites right here, in a small and very strange place.

“Peter Pan”

By James Matthew Barrie

https://inlnk.ru/dnxQgw 

This is a magical story about a flying boy who did not want to grow up at all. One day Peter Pan flew into the window of the nursery where the girl Wendy and her two brothers, John and Michael, lived. The fairy-tale boy made friends with the guys, and together they went to a far, far island. There they met mermaids, fairies, Indians and even pirates with their insidious leader Hook!

“Gulliver’s Travels”

By Jonathan Swift

https://inlnk.ru/YAjQxj 

Adventurous traveler Gulliver swims through the uncharted waters of the seas and oceans. One day, a storm crashes his ship, leaving the sailor unconscious on the shore of a mysterious country. Waking up, the sailor finds himself a huge giant surrounded by little men trying to tie him and chain him to the ground. Having easily got rid of the fetters, Gulliver finds himself drawn into the epicenter of a civil war that began because of a mere trifle. Jonathan Swift's satirical fiction novel Gulliver's Travels vividly and wittily ridicules human and social vices.

 “Winnie-the-Pooh”

By Alan A. Milne

https://inlnk.ru/goNK3K 

Winnie-the-Pooh is a rather fat bear cub who loves to eat more than anything else in the world. And besides that, he composes songs, puffs, snuffles and chants for all occasions. Let Winnie-the-Pooh is not a very smart bear, but every hopeless situation he finds himself in turns into a real adventure for everyone!

Revolting Rhymes. “Ciderella”

By Roald Dahl

https://clck.ru/fb99p 

In Cinderella, the plot stayed true to the original tale until one of the ugly sisters switches her shoe with the one Cinderella left behind at the ball. However, when the prince sees that the shoe fits one of the sisters, he decides not to marry her, and instead chops off her head on the spot while she is standing. When the prince removes the head of the second sister and makes to do the same to Cindy, she wishes to be married instead to a decent man. Her fairy godmother grants this wish and marries her to a simple, regular jam-maker.

Adventure Stories

“The Life and Amazing Adventures of Robinson Crusoe”

By Daniel Defoe

https://inlnk.ru/LAN1RJ 

The Life and amazing Adventures of Robinson Crusoe is a novel by the English writer Daniel Defoe, written as a fictional autobiography, nevertheless based on real events that happened to the Scottish sailor Alexander Selkirk, who spent four years on a desert island. The hero of the novel, Robinson Crusoe will have to escape in a shipwreck and then live alone on the island for more than 20 years. This is a book about courage and the will to live, about perseverance and friendship, wisdom and optimism.

“Animal Farm: A Fairy Story”

By George Orwell

https://clck.ru/fTcmM 

An ironic and at the same time sad story about the desecration of the ideas of socialism by tyrants is told by the author in the form of a fairy tale, where animals of an ordinary British farm act as people. Every animal and every bird is a socio-political type that we can meet in our time, despite the fact that the narrative reflects the events in Russia in the first half of the twentieth century.

Fantasy

“Lord of the Ring”

By R.R. Tolkien

https://clck.ru/fTf9E 

“The Lord of the Rings” by John Tolkien tells about the Great War for the Ring, a war that lasted for thousands of years. The one who has mastered the Ring gains power over all the living and the dead, but at the same time must serve Evil!

The young hobbit Frodo has the fate to destroy the Ring. He goes through Mordor to the fiery Mountain of Fate, in which the ring was cast — only there, in the infernal heat, it can be destroyed.

Frodo and his friends (including elves, dwarves and humans) are confronted by Sauron, who wants to get back his precious Ring and gain power over the world.

“Chronicles of Narnia”

By Clive Staples Lewes

 https://clck.ru/fTifd 

In this cycle, the reader gets acquainted with the magical world of Narnia, a world in which magic works, a world in which animals talk, a world in which amazing creatures live, a world that only children can get into.

“Harry Potter”

By J.K. Rolling

https://inlnk.ru/4yP64d 

J. K. Rowling's book "Harry Potter" describes the amazing adventures of an orphan boy who, at the age of eleven, learned that he was inextricably linked with the secret magical world. He goes to study at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft, where he learns the basics of magic and makes loyal friends. Harry also learns that a cruel and evil sorcerer lives in this magical world, who killed his parents. The young wizard will face a dangerous opponent who decided to destroy him at all costs.

“Dracula”

        By Bram Stocker         

https://clck.ru/fazcy 

Bram Stoker's novel is a well—known classic of the vampire genre, and his Count Dracula is a truly immortal being who has survived many film adaptations and has become the embodiment of all the most insidious and mysterious that human imagination is capable of. You will hear five voices telling about their nightmarish encounters with Dracula. The girl Lucy, who received a fatal bite and gradually becomes a vampire, her lover, restless with despair, a courageous doctor who recognizes ominous symptoms… Excerpts from their diaries and letters step by step will bring you closer to solving the sinister mystery.

Love and Romantic stories/Dramas

 “Romeo and Juliet”

By William Shakespeare

https://clck.ru/fTnXy 

Two families of the glorious city of Verona - the Montagues and the Capulets - are at war with each other. But it so happened that Romeo Montague and Juliet Capulet fell in love with each other and decided to marry.

“Pride and Prejudice”

By Jane Austin

https://clck.ru/fTq5N 

There are five daughters in the poor Bennett family, the mother dreams only of how to marry them off. A wealthy young gentleman named Mr. Bingley settles nearby, along with a bachelor and wealthy friend, Mr. Darcy. Bingley meets his eldest daughter Jane and a mutual sympathy arises between them. In turn, Elizabeth managed to win Darcy's heart. But to an energetic beauty, he seems arrogant and self-satisfied, and the difference in their social status seemed too big. Only gradually does Elizabeth overcome her prejudice, and Mr. Darcy forgets about pride, and true love unites them.

The Tenant of Wildfell Hall

By Anne Brontë

 https://clck.ru/fTssE 

In the gloomy Wildfell Hall, a long-abandoned old house, a young woman in black suddenly appears - lonely, independent and beautiful. The neighbors are dying of curiosity, but the beautiful stranger is in no hurry to reveal the secret of her past...

“Tess of the d'Urbervilles”

By Thomas Hardy

 https://clck.ru/fTvJv 

The young beauty, the daughter of an impoverished descendant of an ancient aristocratic family, seemed created for happiness. But suffering haunts Tess, she becomes a victim of a voluptuous bourgeois, loses a child, experiences the betrayal of her husband... "Once a victim is a victim for life! That's the law!" - she says, but rebellion is brewing in her soul...

“Pygmalion”

By Bernard Shaw

https://clck.ru/fTxZP 

On the streets of London, Colonel Pickering accidentally meets Professor of phonetics Henry Higgins. At the same time, Higgins sees a simple flower girl who does not have any secular upbringing. The next day, she comes to Higgins' house and, posing as Eliza Doolittle, wants to take phonetics lessons.

“Jane Eyre”

By Charlotte Brontë

https://clck.ru/fU2G5 

The story of the orphan Jane, who at an early age was left without parents in the care of her evil aunt Mrs. Reed, later sent to a poor boarding school for education, and at a more mature age earned her living as a governess and teacher. This is a touching story of the heroine's difficult childhood and growing up, her thoughts, feelings, joys and sorrows; and, of course, the story of the gradual emergence and maturation of romantic feelings, feelings that engulfed and moved the heroine despite age, social and material barriers.

Wuthering Heights

By Emily Brontë

https://clck.ru/fU55o 

The work is a story that the housekeeper Ellen Dean tells to her host's guest, the story of which she witnessed throughout her life. This story unfolds on the wastelands of Yorkshire, its heroes are the inhabitants of two neighboring estates — the Manor of Skvortsov and Wuthering Heights. And the beginning of the described events was laid by one seemingly kind and harmless act: the owner of one of the estates rescued and sheltered a small street boy. If only he knew what a stormy cycle of events this would lead to...

Detective Stories

“Ten Little Negroes”

By Agatha Christie

https://clck.ru/fVhqv 

Ten unrelated people in a mansion on a secluded island... Who summoned them here with a mysterious invitation? Why is someone killing them, one by one, in the most incredible ways? Why is everything happening so closely intertwined with a funny nursery rhyme?... 

“Casino Royale”

By Ian Fleming

https://clck.ru/fVkhy 

This is Ian Fleming's first novel about Agent 007. It tells about the confrontation between James Bond and a Russian spy nicknamed Le Chiffre, an invincible professional and gambler. Bond's goal is to beat Le Chiffre with a bang at the casino table and get him out of the big spy game. Lady Luck favors James, and his opponent falls into a bad luck streak. But not everyone likes to play by the rules, and Bond, carried away by a beautiful female agent, falls into a trap from which there seems to be no escape?

“The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes”

By Arthur Conan Doyle

https://clck.ru/fVoiK 

A noble and fearless fighter against Evil, the owner of a sharp mind and extraordinary powers of observation, with the help of his deductive method, detective Sherlock Holmes solves the most intricate puzzles, often saving human lives. He brilliantly reincarnates, has an acting gift and knows how to put a spectacular point at the end of each brilliantly conducted investigation.

“Kings and cabbage”

By O. Henry

https://clck.ru/fVrt2 

The events of the story, made up of individual stories, take place in a fictional small Latin American republic called "Anchuria", mainly in one of its coastal towns of Coralio. Its president ran away with a huge state sum, as for the republic, in the company of a young American singer. Their path ran through this town and it is in this town that the trace of the stolen money is lost.

Novels

“Three Men in a Boat (To Say Nothing of the Dog)”

By Jerome Klapka Jerome

 https://clck.ru/fVu32 

Stories about the travels of three carefree English gentlemen who set sail on the Thames with their pet fox terrier Montmorency. Funny misunderstandings, funny collisions and situations full of comedy, from which the characters come out, invariably preserving a truly British sense of self-esteem, and today amaze with their originality and unfading humor.

Science Fiction

“The War of the Worlds”

By Herbert George Wells

https://clck.ru/fVx3R 

By the end of the 19th century, most astronomers all over the Earth were inclined to believe that nothing more than primitive forms of life could exist on Mars. But, one day, bright flashes began to occur on Mars and streams of fire rushed to Earth, which were nothing more than space capsules aimed at the territory of Britain. Now the earthlings will have to see for themselves the level of development of the Martians. And Earth can get the unenviable status of a colonized planet.

“Frankenstein”

By Mary Shelley

 https://clck.ru/fW2Ad 

The novel tells about the life and works of Victor von Frankenstein, who was able to revive life in a human body assembled from parts of deceased people. However, seeing that his creation turned out to be ugly and monstrous, the scientist renounces him and leaves the city in which he lived and worked.

Historical Novel

“The Knights of the Round Table”

By Thomas Malory

The Knights of the Round Table were the central component of King Arthur's reign in Camelot. During medieval times, knights were soldiers who were born to noble families, such as the families of kings, dukes, earls, and barons. They were men of honor, courage, and dignity who protected damsels in distress, went on dangerous quests, and fought for their country. They had the best armor and weapons and received great training for battle. During times of peace, knights engaged in various activities including jousting, hunting, and acts of chivalry. The Knights of the Round Table vowed to protect others and live an honorable life.

“Ivanhoe”

                By Walter Scott

https://clck.ru/fXSt4

Ivanhoe is a historical novel by Walter Scott, first published in late 1819 in three volumes, one of the Waverley novels. At the time it was written it represented a shift by Scott away from fairly realistic novels set in Scotland in the comparatively recent past, to a somewhat fanciful depiction of medieval England. It has proved to be one of the best known and most influential of Scott's novels.

Appendix № 3

Roald Dahl

Little Red riding Hood and the Wolf (1982)

As soon as Wolf began to feel
That he would like a decent meal,
He went and knocked on Grandma’s door.
When Grandma opened it, she saw
The sharp white teeth, the horrid grin,
And Wolfie said, “May I come in?”
Poor Grandmamma was terrified,
“He’s going to eat me up!” she cried.
And she was absolutely right.
He ate her up in one big bite.
But Grandmamma was small and tough,
And Wolfie wailed, “That’s not enough!
I haven’t yet begun to feel
That I have had a decent meal!”
He ran around the kitchen yelping,
“I’ve got to have a second helping!”
Then added with a frightful leer,
“I’m therefore going to wait right here
Till Little Miss Red Riding Hood
Comes home from walking in the wood.”
He quickly put on Grandma’s clothes,
(Of course he hadn’t eaten those).
He dressed himself in coat and hat.
He put on shoes, and after that
He even brushed and curled his hair,
Then sat himself in Grandma’s chair.
In came the little girl in red.
She stopped. She stared. And then she said,

“What great big ears you have, Grandma.”
“All the better to hear you with,” the Wolf replied.
“What great big eyes you have, Grandma.”
said Little Red Riding Hood.
“All the better to see you with,” the Wolf replied.

He sat there watching her and smiled.
He thought, I’m going to eat this child.
Compared with her old Grandmamma
She’s going to taste like caviar.

Then Little Red Riding Hood said, “But Grandma,
what a lovely great big furry coat you have on.”

“That’s wrong!” cried Wolf. “Have you forgot
To tell me what BIG TEETH I’ve got?
Ah well, no matter what you say,
I’m going to eat you anyway.”
The small girl smiles. One eyelid flickers.
She whips a pistol from her knickers.
She aims it at the creature’s head
And bang bang bang, she shoots him dead.
A few weeks later, in the wood,
I came across Miss Riding Hood.
But what a change! No cloak of red,
No silly hood upon her head.
She said, “Hello, and do please note
My lovely furry wolfskin coat.”

-  Little Red Riding Hood and the Wolf cartoon in English        

- Roald Dahl is reading his rhyme Little Red Riding Hood and the Wolf

 Cinderella poem in English

- Cinderella cartoon in English

 - The Three Little Pigs poem in English

- The Three Little Pigs cartoon in English

- Roald Dahl Audio Book-James and the Giant Peach-Knowledge Hub