John Ronald Reul Tolkien

ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ БЮДЖЕТНОЕ ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОЕ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОЕ УЧРЕЖДЕНИЕ «САРОВСКИЙ ПОЛИТЕХНИЧЕСКИЙ ТЕХНИКУМ  ИМЕНИ ДВАЖДЫ ГЕРОЯ   СОЦИАЛИСТИЧЕСКОГО ТРУДА БОРИСА ГЛЕБОВИЧА МУЗРУКОВА»

John Ronald Reul Tolkien

Выполнил Прахов Максим,

студент группы ТЭ4-25

Саров, 2019 г.

John Ronald Reul Tolkien

Childhood

J.R.R Tolkien was born 3 January 1892 in Bloemfontein in the orange free state in South Africa. His parents arrived there not long before his birth. In 1896 his father died and the family returned to England. Their life was difficult .Mabel Tolkien taught her two children at home. Young Tolkien liked to draw landscapes and trees, but his favorite  lessons  were languages. He could read by the age of four and could write fluently  soon. His favonrite  book were "Alice in Wonderland" by Lewis Carrol. John's mother died in 1904 when she was only 34 years old.

Tolkien attended King Edward's School in Birmingham, and later St.Philip's School.

Youth

In 1911 Tolkien and three friends formed a semi-secret society they called the T.C.B.S (Tea club and Barrovian Society )

In simmer 1911 Tolkien went on a summer holiday in Switzerland and in October of the same year began studying at Exeter College, Oxford . He studied English Language and Literature.

The First World war

In 1915 he graduated from Oxford and then he elected not to immediately volunteer for the British Army .The United kingdom entered the First world war .He was then commissioned as a Temporary second lieutenant in Lancashire Fusiliers . On 3 November 1920, Tolkien was demobilized and left the army.

Career

His first civilian job after World War I was at the Oxford English Dictionary. He took up a post as Reader in English Language at the University of Leeds, and became the youngest professor there. He had four children in his family and "Hobbit" was written for them. It was published later in 1937.

Beowulf

In 1920-s Tolkien started transhtion of "Beowulf" which he finished in 1926, but the poem was not published. It was edited and published by his son in 2014, more than forty years after Tolkien s death and almost 90 years since its completion. Ten years after finishing his translation, Tolkien gave a highly acclaimed lecture on the work entitled "Beowulf: The Monsters and the Critics"

The Second World War

In the run-up to the Second World War,Tolkien was earmaiked as a codebreaker. In January

1939, he was asked to serve in the cryptographic department of the Foreign office in the event of national emergency. In October he was informed that his service s would not be reguired.

After the Second World War

In 1945, Tolkien moved to Merton College, Oxford, becoming the Merton Professor of English Language and Literature, in which post he remained until his retikement in 1959. He served as external examiner for University College, Dublin,  for many years. Tolkien completed " The Lord of the Rings" in 1948, close to a decade after the first sketches. Tolkien also translated the Book of Jonah for the Jerusalem Bible, which was published in 1966.

Family

The Tolkien had four children John Francis Reuel Tolkien , Michael  Hilary Reuel  Tolkien, Christopher John Reuel Tolkien and Priscilla Mary Anne Reuel Tolkien.

Tolkien was very devoted to hid children and seht them illustrated letters from Father Christmas when They were young. Each year more characters were added , such as the North Polar Bear , The show Man and various other.

Retirement and later years .

During his life in retirement . from 1959 up to hid death in 1973 , Tolkien received  steadily increasing public attention and literary fame . The sales of his books were so profitable that he regretted that he had not chosen early retirement . Fan attention became so intense that Tolkien had to take his phone number out of the public directory.

Final years

Tolkien was appointed by Queen Elizabeth ll a commander of the order of the British Empire in the 1972 New Year Honours  and  recieved   the  insignia of the orader at  Buckingham Palace

on 28 March 1972 . In the same yers oxford  University conferred upon him an honorary

Doctorate of Letters.

When Tolkien died on 2 September 1973 , at the age of 81 , he was buried in the same grave with his wife  at Wolvercote cemetery , oxford .