Англоязычные страны
методическая разработка

Пояснительная записка:

Целью данного курса является развитие коммуникативной компетенции, достаточной для ведения беседы на английском языке по изучаемым темам. Структура курса представляет собой цикл занятий по темам, содержащим новый лексический материал. В курс включены разнообразные коммуникативно-направленные задания, предоставляющие возможность активно использовать изученный материал в речи. Кроме того, предлагаются варианты проверочных заданий для осуществления текущего контроля.

Тема 1: «Англоязычные страны»

1. 1. Великобритания

1.2.  Канада

1.3. Австралия

1.4. Новая Зеландия

1.5. Южная Африка

                            План работы

1. Ознакомиться с новой лексикой;
2. Прочитать текст;

2. Выполнитьзадания «Geographical Position and Climate», «Political       system of Great Britain»;
3. Просмотреть презентации;
4. Выполнить задания, представленные в презентациях;
5. Ознакомительное чтение: Новая Зеландия, Южная Африка;
6. Ответить на контрольные вопросы.

Домашнее задание:

1. Выучить новую лексику;
2. Подготовить устное сообщение по теме : «Великобритания», «Канада»;
3. Создание проектов, презентаций по изучаемым темам.

Great Britain

                                           Geographical Position and Climate

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is situated on the British Isles - a large group of islands separated from the continent by the English Channel. The British Isles consist of two large islands - Great Britain and Ireland that are separated by the Irish Sea, and a lot of small islands.

The country is washed by the North Sea and the Atlantic Ocean.

Historically the territory of the UK is divided into four parts: England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. The total area of the United Kingdom is 244 thousand square kilometers.

Great Britain enjoys the humid and mild marine climate with warm winters and cool summers and a lot of rainfall throughout the year.

Great Britain has wet and quite warm winters due to mild south-west winds. Much warmth is brought from the equatorial regions by the Gulf Stream. The nature of Great Britain is greatly affected by the sea.

The mountains cover the greater part of northern, western and middle Great Britain. The Highlands of Scotland occupy most of the land to the north-west of Glasgow. There is situated Ben Nevis, 1343 m, the highest mountain of the British Isles. The northern and middle parts of England are occupied by the Pennines and nearly the whole of Wales - by the Cambrians. The south-eastern part of England is lowland.

The rivers of Britain are short; most of them flow eastwards. The rivers seldom freeze in winter. Many of the rivers are joined together by canals. This system of rivers and canals provides a good means of cheap water transport. Most of the large British ports are located in the estuaries of the rivers. The most important rivers are the Severn, the Thames, the Tyne, the Trent, the Mersey and the Clyde.

The lakes in Britain are small, but many of them are famous for their beauty. The Lake District in the north of England is one of the most popular places for holidays in Great Britain.

Task

Great Britain. Geographical position & climate.

1. Fill in the blanks with the correct words from the list:

Irish, divided, mild marine, warmth, estuaries, lowland, Thames, total, provides, occupied, humid, island, square, connected, nature, mountain, famous.

1. Most of the largest sea-ports of Great Britain are situated in the ______________.
2. Great Britain enjoys the______________ and______________ climate.
3. Ben Nevis is the highest______________ of the British Isles.
4.  The______________ of Great Britain is greatly affected by the sea.
5.  Historically the territory of the UK is______________ into four parts.
6.  The______________ Sea lies between Great Britain and Ireland.
7. The south-eastern part of England is______________.
8.  London stands on the river______________.
9.  The______________ area of the United Kingdom is 244 thousand kilometers.
10.  Nearly the whole of Wales is______________ by the Cambrians.
11. Great Britain is the largest______________ of the British Isles.
12.  Many British lakes are        for______________ their beauty.
13.  The system of rivers______________ by canals______________ a good means of water transport.
14.  The Gulf Stream brings much______________ from the equatorial regions.

2. Say if the following statements are true or false:

1.  Most of the rivers in Britain flow westwards. ___
2.  The country is separated from the continent by the English Channel. ___        
3.  The mountains and uplands cover the greater part of Great Britain. ___
4.  The UK consists of three parts. ___        
5.  The rivers of Britain are short and shallow. ___        
6.  The country is washed by the Pacific Ocean. ___        
7.  The Pennines are a group of islands. ___        
8.  Mount Ben Nevis is situated in Scotland. ___        
9.  The Lake District is in the south of England. ___        
10.  Winters in Britain are usually wet and quite warm. ___        

3. Give the English equivalents for the following Russian words and phrases:

1. атмосферные осадки
2. остров
3. низменность
4.  королевство
5.  морской климат
6.  горы
7.  озера
8.  Гольфстрим
9.  природа
10.  обеспечивать
11.  устье реки
12.  состоять из
13.  полная площадь
14.  известный
15.  мягкий, умеренный

Great Britain. Political system

Great Britain is a parliamentary monarchy. Officially, the head of the state is the king or queen. The power of a monarch isn't absolute but constitutional. The monarch is the head of the executive body, the head of the judicial body, the commander-in-chief of the armed forces of the crown, the head of the Established Church of England and the head of the British Commonwealth of Nations.

There is no written constitution in Great Britain. The term "English Constitution" means the leading principles, conventions and laws, many of which have been existing for centuries. These principles are expressed in Magna Carta, a famous document in English history, which set certain limits on royal power. It was agreed upon in 1215 by King John and the barons; Habeas Corpus Act, a law passed in 1679, which guarantees to a person arrested the right to appear in the court of justice; the Bill of Rights, an act of Parliament passed in 1689, which confirmed certain rights of the people, and other laws and acts.

Power in Great Britain is divided among three branches: the legislative branch, the executive branch and the judicial branch.

The legislative branch is represented by Parliament, which consists of two chambers, or houses: the House of Lords and the House of Commons. Parliament in Britain has existed since 1265; it's the oldest parliament in the world. The House of Lords consists of more than 1000 peers, including the "lords spiritual": the Archbishop of Canterbury, the Archbishop of York and 24 bishops of the Church of England. The peers (with the exception of the "lords spiritual" and so called "life peers") have the right to sit in Parliament during their lifetime and transmit their right to their eldest sons.

The members of the House of Commons are elected by a general election. The whole country is divided into constituencies, every one of which elects one delegate. The members of the House of Commons are elected for five years. The abbreviation used by the Britons for a Member of Parliament is MP. Parliament's main function is to make laws.

The executive branch is headed by the Prime Minister, who is appointed by the monarch. Traditionally, the Prime Minister is the leader of the party that has won the elections and has the majority in the House of Commons. The Prime Minister appoints other ministers. The most important ministers of the government form the Cabinet. The main function of the executive branch is to administer the laws, actually, to rule the country.

The judicial branch interprets the laws. The highest judicial body is the Supreme Court of Judicature.

The two main political parties of Great Britain are the Conservative Party (the Tory) and the Labour Party. The results of the last parliamentary elections (in May 2010) are quite unusual for Great Britain. No one of the parties has won enough places in the House of Commons to form its own Cabinet. That's why the Conservative Party that has won the relative majority has to form a coalition with the Liberal Democrats. The Britons call this situation "hung Parliament". The leader of the Conservative Party and the new Prime Minister is David Cameron. His deputy and the leader of the Lib Dems is Nick Clegg.

Task

                          Political system of Great Britain

I. Say if the following statements are true (T) or false (F):

The two main political parties of the country are the Conservative Party and the Liberal Democrats. ___

Great Britain is an absolute monarchy. ___

The monarch appoints the members of the House of Commons. ___

The "lords spiritual" represent the Church of England in Parliament. ___

There is no written constitution in Great Britain. ___

All the peers can transmit their right to sit in Parliament to their sons. ___

The first document that set limits on royal power was the Bill of Rights. ___

Parliament in Britain consists of two chambers. ___

The judicial branch main function is to make laws. ___

Each constituency can elect one delegate to Parliament. ___

II. Underline the right answer:

British Parliament is the youngest/oldest in the world.

The power of the monarch is limited/absolute.

The members of the House of Lords/House of Commons are elected by a general election.

The now reigning monarch is the queen/king.

The Prime Minister heads the executive/legislative branch.

Parliament in Britain has existed since 1641/1265.

The Conservative/Labour Party has won the last general election.

The head of the British Commonwealth of Nations is the Prime Minister/monarch.

III. Complete the sentences:

1. The most important ministers of the government form _________________________.

2. The term ____________________means the leading principals, conventions and laws.

3. In the Church of England, the primate of all England is the _____________________.

4. Power in Great Britain is divided among three branches: _______________________

____________________________________________________.

5. ___________________ is a law, passed in 1679, which guaranteed a person protection

against arbitrary action.

Canada.

Canada is situated on the north of Northern America, washed by the Atlantic Ocean in the east, the Pacific Ocean in the west, and the Arctic Ocean in the north and in the northeast by the Baffin Bay and the Davis Strait, which separate it from Greenland, In the south and in the north Canada borders on the USA. It is a land of vast distances and rich natural resources. Canada became a self-governing dominion in 1867 while retaining ties to the British crown. Canada's territory is the world's second largest country, surpassed in size only by Russia. It includes many islands, notably the Canadian Arctic Islands, also called Arctic Archipelago in the Arctic Ocean. Economically and technologically the nation has developed in parallel with the US, its neighbor to the south. The total area is about 10 million sq km. Canada is slightly larger than the US. It is an important manufacturer, and its major cities, such as Toronto, Montreal, Vancouver, Ottawa, Edmonton, Calgary and Winnipeg are centers of commerce and industry. The climate of Canada varies from temperate in the south to subarctic and arctic in the north. The highest Canadian point is Mount Logan 5,959 m. The population of Canada is about 32 million people. There are two state languages: English and French. English is spoken by 60 % of population; French is spoken by 23 % of people.

Most of Canada's inhabitants live in the southern part of the country and vast areas of the north are sparsely inhabited. The country is divided into ten provinces (Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Quebec, Saskatchewan) and three territories (Northwest Territories, Yukon Territory, Nunavut Territory). The third territory called Nunavut, to be carved from the present Northwest Territories, was created in 1999.

The name Canada is derived from an Iroquoian term meaning «village».

Among the great rivers of Canada there are the Saint Lawrence River, draining the Great Lakes and emptying into the Gulf of Saint Lawrence; the Ottawa and the Saguenay rivers, the principal affluent of the Saint Lawrence River; the Saint John River, emptying into the Bay of Fundy.

The government type is confederation with parliamentary democracy. The capital of Canada is Ottawa.

Canada became independent from the United Kingdom on July, 1, 1867. Legal system is based on the English common law, except in Quebec, where civil law system based on the French law prevails.

The racial and ethnic makeup of the Canadian people is diversified. About 35 percent of the population is composed of people of the British origin. People of the French origin total about 25 percent of the population. The vast majority of French-speaking Canadians reside in Quebec, where they make up about three-fourths of the population; large numbers also live in Ontario and New Brunswick.

French-speaking Canadians maintain their language, culture, and traditions, and the federal government follows the policy of a bilingual and bicultural nation. During the 1970s and 1980s the proportion of Asians among the Canadian population increased, and today those who count their ancestry as wholly Asian make up 8 to 10 percent of the population. More than two-thirds of the Asian immigrants live in Ontario or British Columbia. The remainder of the population is composed of people of various ethnic groups, such as German, Italian, Ukrainian, Netherlands Dutch, Scandinavian, Polish, Hungarian, Greek, and Native American. Blacks have never constituted\a major segment of the Canadian population. Indigenous people make up nearly 2 percent of Canada's inhabitants.

The largest religious community in Canada is Roman Catholic. Nearly half of Canadians who are Roman Catholic live in Quebec. Of the Protestant denominations in Canada the largest is the United Church of Canada, followed by the Anglican Church of Canada. Other important Protestant groups are the Baptist, Presbyterian and Lutheran. Nearly 2 percent of the population are Orthodox. Muslim and Jewish adherents each number about 1 percent. A substantial number of Buddhists, Hindus and Sikhs have been brought to the country in recent years by immigration. Nearly 13 percent of Canadians claim no religion.

Vocabulary:

to wash - омывать

theArcticOcean - СеверныйЛедовитыйокеан

border - граница

vast - обширный, громадный; безбрежный

naturalresource - природные ресурсы

self-governingdominion - доминион под самоуправлением

crown - корона

tosurpass- превосходить, превышать

notably - весьма, заметно, очень, сильно

neighbour - сосед

slightly - мало, незначительно, слегка

commerce - коммерция, торговля

tovary - изменять(ся), менять(ся); отличаться

temperate - умеренный (о климате и т. п.)

subarctic - субарктический

parsely - редко, негусто

toinhabit - населять, заселять  

to be derived from - происходитьот

todrain - отводить воду, осуществлять дренаж

to empty into - зд. Впадать

the Gulf of Saint Lawrence - заливСвятогоЛаврентия

the Ottawa - рекаОттава

affluent - приток (реки)

confederation - конфедерация

toprevail - преобладать, господствовать

makeup - состав, строение

todiversify — разнообразить; изменять

to be composed of - состоятьиз

origin - происхождение

majority - большинство

toreside - пребывать, находиться to

maintain - поддерживать

bilingual - двуязычный

toincrease - возрастать, увеличивать(ся); расти

ancestry - предки, прародители

indigenous - аборигенный, местный, туземный

RomanCatholic- римско-католический; католик

theUnitedChurchofCanada - ОбъединеннаяцерковьКанады

the Anglican Church of Canada - АнгликанскаяцерковьКанады

  Answer the questions:

1. Where is Canada situated?

2. When did Canada become an independent dominion?

3. What size does Canada have?

4. What is the highest Canadian point?

5. How many people live in Canada?

6. How many people speak English?

7. How many people speak French?

8. How many provinces are there in Canada?

9. Are there indigenous people in Canada?

10. What is the largest religious community in Canada?

                                          The commonwealth of Australia

The Commonwealth of Australia is a self-governing federal country, divided into six states: New South Wales, Victoria, Queensland, South Australia, Western Australia and two internal territories. It is situated in the southwestern part of the Pacific Ocean. The total area of the country contains 7, 000, 000 square kilometers. Australia is the smallest continent, it is often called subcontinent.

The Dutch were the first Europeans to visit Australia. In 1770, the English captain James Cook discovered the East Coast of Australia. Today about 20 million people live in Australia. The capital of the country is Canberra, this city became capital in 1927.Federal government works in Canberra. There are no industrial plants in the city. The population of Canberra is about 300 000 people. There we can find the buildings of Australian academy of Science, the Australian National University and others. The biggest industrial cities of Australia are Sydney and Melbourne.

Australian climate is dry and warm, even hot. Australia is situated in the Southern Hemisphere and that is why it has summer when we have winter and vice versa. January is the hottest month in Australia. Australian is separated from other countries. The animals in Australia have developed differently. They are called marsupial. They are interesting. You can see the dingo, wild dog which kills other animals at night, the kangaroo and many parrots there. There are many lakes in the country, although this country is called the country of deserts. There are many deserts in central and western part of the continent. Australia is an industrial country. They extract there coal, nickel, zinc and gold. Australia is one of the most important producers of metals and minerals. It exports wool production, meat, fruit and sugar. Melbourne, Sydney and Brisbane are the biggest cities and ports of the country.

VOCABULARY:

commonwealth –содружество,федерация

self-govering -самоуправляемая

theDutch -датчане

todiscover –открывать,делать открытие

industrialplants –промышленныепредприятия

theSouthernHamisphere –ЮжноеПолушарие

viceversa –лат.нареч.наоборот,обратно

toseparate – отделять,разделять

todevelop –развивать

marsupial –сумчатое животное,сумчатый

dingo –зоол.динго

kangaroo –кенгуру

parrot –попугай

desert –пустыня

toextract –добывать,извлекать

coal –уголь

nickel – никель

Answer the questions:

1.How many states are there in the Commonwealth of Australia?

2.Where is Australia located?

3.What is the total area of the country?

4.How is Australia often called?

5.Who were the first Europeans to visit Australia?

6.How many people live in Australia today?

7.What is the capital of the state?

8.What is the population of Canberra?

9.What are biggest cities of Australia?

10.What climate does Australia have?

11.What is the hottest month in Australia?

12.How are the animals of Australia called?

NEW ZEALAND

The British colony of New Zealand became an independent dominion in 1907.It supported the UK militarily in both World Wars.

New Zealand is a group of islands in the South Pacific Ocean, southeast of Australia. The total territory of New Zealand is 268,680 square kilometers. Its climate is temperate with sharp regional contrasts. The landscape of the country in mountainous with some large coastal plains.The highest point in Mount Cook 3,764 meters. Natural resources are natural gas, iron ore, sand, coal, timber, gold, limestone.

The population of New Zealand is about 3,910,000.About 80% of the population lives in cities.

English, Maori are both official state languages of the country.

Talking about natural hazards, I should notice that earthquakes are common, though usually not severe and there is a volcanic activity in New Zealand.

Independence Day is celebrated on September, 26.

Government type is parliamentary democracy, Administrative divisions is the following: 93 counties, 9 districts, and 3 town destricts.

Legal system is based on the English law, with special land legislation and land courts for Maoris.

Since 6 February 1952 the chief of the state is Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governor General Dame Silvia Cartwright since 4 April 2001.

Since 10 December 1999,the Head of the government is Prime Minister Helen Clark and Deputy Prime Minister James Anderton.

Since 1984 the government has accomplished major economic restructuring, transforming New Zealand is heavily dependent on trade-particularly in agricultural products. The main industries are mining, food processing, wood and paper products, textiles, machinery, transportation equipment.

New Zealand’s currency is New Zealand dollar.

New Zealand is the name of the country that has volcanoes, mountains,

tropical forests and rivers of ice.

New Zealand is an insular country. It is made up of two big islands: the North and South Islands and many small islands around.

The abotigenes of New Zealand are the Maoris. They call New Zealand the Land of the Long White Cloud. The Maoris are one of the Polynesian nations, who made their great journey to New Zealand from Indonesia and the South Pacific in the middle of the 14th century. They sailed in double canoes, open to all weathers. They knew the winds, the ocean flows and the star navigation that is why they reached this land, later called New Zealand and we can call them the Vikings of the Sunrise.

Most population of New Zealand lives on the North Island. Here you can also find big volcanoes like Egmont and Tongariro, geysers and lakes of bubbling mud.

The biggest cities of New Zealand are Auckland, Christchurch and Wellington. Wellington is the present capital of New Zealand since 1865,and one of its busiest ports, located at the southern end of North Island, lying among hills on the western side of a natural harbor. It is the third largest city of New Zealand. Auckland or former capital of New Zealand is the largest city of the state. Christchurch is the second largest city.

South Island is larger than North Island. There are the highest mountains in this part of the country. There you can find the snow-capped Southern Alps, rising 3 764 meters to the tip of Mount Cook(named after Captain Cook, who visited the islands before sailing westwards and discovering the eastern coast of Australia). South Island is very beautiful with its mountains, called Alps, lakes, glaciers and fiords. Here you can see the Sunderland Falls, where water drops from the height of six hundred meters, making these falls one of the highest waterfalls in the world.

The climate is mild at all seasons. There is no much difference of temperature between winter and summer. Notwithstanding New Zealand in close to Australia, New Zealand does not have such terrible heat of Australia summers, because the ocean tempers its climate.

North Island is where you can find the Maoris, fine people who had lived on these islands hundreds of years before the white man came. Most of them live near Auckland.

The first colonist or settler appeared on the present territory of Wellington in 1840.They called their settlement Britannia.

By the year 1842,there were 3 700 colonists in the settlement of Britannia and later it was renamed into Wellington.

VOCABULARY:

To support - поддержать

temperate- умеренный

landscape- ландшафт

coastal plain - прибрежнаяравнина

iron ore - железнаяруда

timber- древесина

limestone- известняк

hazard- стихийноебедствие

earthquake- землетрясение

severe- суровый

legislation- законодательство

chiefofstate- главагосударства

to accomplish - выполнять

to transform - превращать

to be dependent on - зависеть

mining- добычаполезныхископаемых

food processing - пищеваяпромышленность

currency- валюта

                                                                    South Africa

I am going to tell you about South Africa, one of the English speaking countries.

Southern Africa, officially Republic of South Africa, is situated at the southern tip of the continent of Africa. South Africa borders on Namibia to the northwest, Botswana and Zimbabwe to the north, and Mozambique and Swaziland to the northeast and east. Lesotho, an independent constitutional monarchy is located inside the Republic of South Africa.

After the British seized the Cape of Good Hope area in 1806, many of the Dutch settlers trekked north. The discovery of diamonds in 1867 and gold in 1886 spurred wealth and immigration and intensified the subjugation of the native inhabitants. The Boers resisted British encroachment, but were defeated in the Boer War (1899-1902). As a result, Union of South Africa operated under a policy of apartheid - the separate development of the races. The 1990s brought an end to apartheid politically and ushered in black majority rule.

Total territory of South Africa is 1, 220, 000 square kilometres. The climate is mostly semiarid, subtropical along east coast; it has sunny days, cool nights. The natural resources of South Africa are gold, coal, iron ore, nickel, phosphates, tin, uranium, gem diamonds, platinum, copper, vanadium, salt, natural gas.

The population of the country is about 44 million people.

As to the ethnic groups there are 76% black people, 14% white people. There are eleven official languages, including Afrikaans, English, Ndebele, Sotho, Swazi, ect.

Government type is republic. The capital is Pretoria. Cape Town is the legislative centre and Bloemfontein the judicial centre. Administrative divisions are nine provinces.

South Africa became self-governing on May, 31, 1910. Before that, it was one of the numerous English colonies.

Legal system is based on the Roman-Dutch law and the English common law. The chief of state is President and Executive Deputy President. The president is both the chief of state and head of government.

Vocabulary:

to be situated - находиться, располагаться

to border on/upon -граничить

to seize - завладевать, захватывать

the Cape of Good Hope - мысДобройНадежды

settler - поселенец

totrek - переселяться

tospur - зд. способствовать

tointensify - усиливать (ся)

subjugation - подчинение, покорение

inhabitant - житель, обитатель

encroachment - агрессия, вторжение

todefeat - агрессия, вторжение

apartheid - апартеид, расовая изоляция

majority - большинство

semiarid - полузасушливый

chromium - хром

coal - уголь

ironore - железная руда

tin - олово

gemdiamonds - ювелирный алмаз

copper - медь

legislative - законодательный

judicial - судебный