ОГЭ

№

Questions

Answers

1

Have you got a pet?        

Yes, I’ve got a pet. I’ve got a dog and a cat. Dog’s name is Rex, it’s cats name is Murka.

2

What pets are most popular in your region?

If I’m not mistaken dogs, cats, hamsters, parrots, fish are most popular in our region.

3

What pets do you think would be dangerous to keep in a flat? Why?

I think snakes would be dangerous to keep in a flat, because if they are poisonous (toxic) they can bite people who can die. They should be put in special cages.

4

Why are people so attached to their pets?

From my point of view people are so attached to their pets because of the following reasons: people are lonely, without their own children, they love animals very much, and finally they want to take care of them.

5

Why do people sometimes abandon their pets?

Of course, people sometimes abandon their pets because they are tired and sick of them, secondly they don’t want to take care of pets, finally people haven’t got enough money to keep animals in the flats.

6

What pet would you recommend to a person who has never had pets?

As for me I would recommend a cat who has never had pets, because it is a harmless and funny animal, secondly it can catch and eat mice, finally it eats very little.

№

Questions

Answers

1

Have you got a pet?

2

What pets are most popular in your region?

dogs, cats, hamsters, parrots, fish

3

What pets do you think would be dangerous to keep in a flat? Why?

poisonous (toxic), bite people,  put in a special cages.

4

Why are people so attached to their pets?

Lonely, without their own children, love animals very much, want to take care of them.

5

Why do people sometimes abandon their pets?

are tired and sick of pets, they don’t want to take care of pets, haven’t got enough money to keep animals in the flats.

6

What pet would you recommend to a person who has never had pets?

a cat who has never had pets, it is a harmless and funny animal, can catch and eat mice,

№

Questions

Answers

1

Have you got a pet?

2

What pets are most popular in your region?

3

What pets do you think would be dangerous to keep in a flat? Why?

4

Why are people so attached to their pets?

5

Why do people sometimes abandon their pets?

6

What pet would you recommend to a person who has never had pets?

№

Questions

Answers

1

How old are you?

I’m fourteen. By the way I was born on the 12 of July, 2003 in Khorinsk into the family of doctors.

2

How much a day do you spend surfing the Net?

I usually spend three hours a day surfing the Net.

3

Whatdo you use the Internet for?

 I use the Internet to get necessary information, to share my new photos and to find out the latest news, but sometimes, I use it to chat with my friends.

4

Why is the Internet important in your life?

Of course, the Internet is important in my life. For those people who live in our modern society the Internet has become an essential part of their life and we simply cannot imagine our world without it. As for me it is the greatest source of new information.

5

How can the Internet help you improve your English?

I often watch different films on the Net. In addition, I can chat with native speakers and the people who are learning language through the special websites. I like it very much.

6

Some people say that the Internet can be harmful for users. Do you agree with it? Why/ Why not?

I partly agree with them. If we use too much time, we can really harm our eyesight. On the other hand, it is an important part or our life. I believe, it is an interesting invention of humanity.

№

Questions

Answers

1

How old are you?

14, on12 of July 2003

2

How much a day do you spend surfing the Net?

A lot of hours a day, a few hours a day, sometimes, if I have free time

3

Whatdo you use the Internet for?

 to get necessary information, to share my new photos, to find out the latest news, to chat with my friends, to listen to music, to collect (systematize, keep, share) information, to learn about past and future, to develop our knowledge, do the research on anything we like, to search for information, can travel anywhere they like, to keep in touch with the friends and family living in different parts of the world, to write and talk to people who live on other continents, send information, create your song, music and films, to do shopping, surf in the Internet

4

Why is the Internet important in your life?

become an essential part of our life, cannot imagine our world without it, the greatest source of new information, play an important role in modern society.

5

How can the Internet help you improve your English?

watch different films on the Net, can chat with native speakers and the people who are learning language through the special websites, listen to English songs communicate with English pen friends.

6

Some people say that the Internet can be harmful for users. Do you agree with it? Why/ Why not?

harm our eyesight,  On the other hand, it is an important part or our life. I believe, it is an interesting invention of humanity.

№

Questions

Answers

1

How old are you?

2

How much a day do you spend surfing the Net?

3

Whatdo you use the Internet for?

4

Why is the Internet important in your life?

5

How can the Internet help you improve your English?

6

Some people say that the Internet can be harmful for users. Do you agree with it? Why/ Why not?

№

Questions

Answers

1

How old are you?

I’m fourteen.

2

What is your favourite holiday?

My favourite holiday is the New Year because Ido love spending time with my family.

3

How do you usually celebrate  yourfavourite holiday?

I always celebrate it with my family. We usually go other towns to celebrate it and I really enjoy our touring across the country.

4

What was the most unusual present you have ever received?

Let me see… So, I think it was a small notebook made by my friend. It was very nice and I keep it as a memory of my friendship.

5

Why do most people like holidays?

I think that people love holidays because they have free time that they can spend with their families and friends. In addition, the holidays give a chance to spend time on what you really like instead of working all day long.

6

What holidays are popular with people in our region?

In my opinion, people in my region like New Year and Easter because most people in our country are Orthodox Christians.

№

Questions

Answers

1

How old are you?

14, on12 of July 2003

2

What is your favourite holiday?

The New Year, to spend time with the family, celebrate it at home, have a lot of fun, eat tasty things, wish everybody a good year, get gifts

3

How do you usually celebrate your favourite holiday?

Do a lot of cooking, buy presents for my family and friends, write greeting cards, shout “Happy New Year», watch a lot of TV, visit my grandparents, get and give presents, do nothing, to decorate my New Year Tree with balls, stars, toys, sweets, flowers, fruits.

4

What was the most unusual present you have ever received?

5

Why do most people like holidays?

6

What holidays are popular with people in our region?

№

Questions

Answers

1

How old are you?

14, on12 of July 2003

2

Why do people like to read books?

are real friends, educate people, give information in different spheres of life, develop our mind and imagination(развиваетнашум ивоображение), make us think and analize (заставляетнасдумать и анализировать), help us to understand the world and people round us (помогаетпониматьмирилюдейвокругнас), form our character and the world outlook (формируетнашхарактеримировоззрение),make our life more interesting, make our speech more brilliant and colourful (делаетнашуречькрасивееиразнообразнее), make people cultural, intellectual and competent in many spheres of life (делаетлюдейкультурными, интеллигентнымиикомпетентнымиовсехсферахнашейжизни)

3

What genres of literature do you know?

Novels, short stories, poems, legends, fairy-tales, Sci – Fi, dictionaries, encyclopedias, feature books (horror books, thrillers, adventure, fantastic, love-romantic, gangster books, books on gardening, religion, Nature, comedy and historic books, soap operas, westerns, about sport, books about life of famous people and so on and so forth.

4

What kind of books do you like to read? Why?

As for me I like to read different books: serious literature, sometimes I read the so called “easy» books with pleasure. I’m fond of historical literature and biographies of famous people because these books make you erudite and add to your knowledge.

I care about books on Nature because I can get to know interesting facts about our planet, about birds and animals of the world.I’m crazy about adventure and detective books as they always have an interesting story line and are very dynamic catching and thrilling. Sometimes I prefer to read books full of colourful illustrations and comics.

5

What kind of books can’t you stand (hate) reading? Why?

I can’t stand thrillers and horror books because as a rule they are full of terrible monsters, skeletons, vampires, devils and what not. All these things get on my nerves and I really hate them. I’m absolutely indifferent to soap operasbecause they are naive, primitive, sentimental, foolish and mere abracadabra.

6

Who is your favorite writer?

My favourite writer is Jack London. He is an American novelist and short – story writer. He is famous for his works  «White Fang», «Martin Eden». He published 50 books. In London’s works his heroes live a hard life, fight against nature. His stories are full of love for Man who is strong in body and mind and is always a winner in the fight against nature.

7

How often do you borrow books from the library?

I borrow books once (twice, three times, rarely) from the library. I never go to the library as I have my own library at home.

8

Why do you think teenagers are reading less and less now?

I think teenagers are reading less and less now because they can surf the Internet all the time. Reading is out of fashion nowadays.

9

How do English books help to improve English?

English books help to enlarge our vocabulary, to learn new words, to speak English, to understand the content in a quick way, to write an Essay.

10

What book can you recommend your friend to read for pleasure?

I can recommend the book … to my friend for pleasure. As this story is very kind, humane and optimistic and it teaches you to love life and people around you.

11

Which do you prefer: printed books or CD – books (E -  books)

As for me I prefer printed books to CD – books because pr. books (to be – are (is) to be easy to use, to be easier to watch TV, to be boring / annoying; they help to (get a lot of useful information, expand outlook –расширятькругозор), to make think about – заставляетдуматьо), give an opportunity to relax/ spend free time –даетвозможность …), to express one’s philosophical views on life –выражатьсвойфилософскийвзгляднажизнь), to enjoy the author's manner of writing / the peculiar features of the author's style – наслаждатьсяманеройписьмаавтора, особеннымичертамистиляавтора);

As for me I prefer books on CD to printed books because CD books (tobe – are (is) to belike a computer game, to be able to see what’s happening in pictures, in colours and in action, to be modern,/ up – to date/ amazing/ fantastic, to be much more popular than printed books, to be rather expensive, to be not easy to use), there is no need to think hard, they help me to relax, to educate.

№

Questions

Answers

1

How old are you?

2

Why do people like to read books?

3

What genres of literature do you know?

4

What kind of books do you like to read? Why?

5

What kind of books can’t you stand (hate) reading? Why?

6

Who is your favorite writer?

7

How often do you borrow books from the library?

8

Why do you think teenagers are reading less and less now?

9

How do English books help to improve English?

10

What book can you recommend your friend to read for pleasure?

11

Which do you prefer: printed books or CD – books (E -  books)

№

Questions

Answers

1

How old are you?

14, on12 of July 2003

2

Why do people like to watch TV?

gains the popularity, contains a lot of very interesting in formation, keeps me thinking, makes a great impression on me, widens the horizon shows the real life, develops the knowledge of, helps us to study geography, extends the knowledge about the world,

raises serious problems, touches upon different problems, gives us a real feeling of what life is like,

devotes to…, makes fun of..

3

What programmes does TV transmit?

4

What kind of programmesdo you like to watch? Why?

As for me I like to watch different  programmes:serious, sometimes the so called “easy» ones with pleasure. I’m fond of detective films, police series and love romantic stories because they are catching, thrilling have an interesting story line, they help me to escape everyday problems and relax. I watch serious war and drama films because they make me think, develop my feeling and mind and reflect real life.

5

What kind of programmescan’t you stand (hate) reading? Why?

I can’t stand thrillers and horror programmesbecause as a rule they are full of terrible monsters, skeletons, vampires, devils and what not. All these things get on my nerves and I really hate them. I’m absolutely indifferent to soap operas because they are naive, primitive, sentimental, foolish and mere abracadabra.

6

Who is your favorite leader?

My favouriteleader is …a creative person, a very talented person, a bright person, is a quick witted person, can convince spectators of smth., has a sense of humour

7

How often do you watch TV?

I watch TVonce (twice, three times a day, rarely) I never watch it.

8

Why do you think teenagers are watching TVless and less now?

I think teenagers are watching TV less and less now because they can surf the Internet all the time. TV is out of fashion nowadays.

9

How do English films help to improve English?

English films help to enlarge our vocabulary, to learn new words, to speak English, to understand the content in a quick way, to write an Essay.

10

What programmecan you recommend your friend to watch for pleasure?

I can recommend the programme… to my friend for pleasure. As this story is very kind, humane and optimistic and it teaches you to love life and people around you.

№

Questions

Answers

1

How old are you?

14, on12 of July 2003

2

Why do people like to watch TV?

3

What programmes does TV transmit?

4

What kind of programmesdo you like to watch? Why?

5

What kind of programmescan’t you stand (hate) reading? Why?

6

Who is your favorite leader?

7

How often do you watch TV?

8

Why do you think teenagers are watching TVless and less now?

9

How do English films help to improve English?

10

What programmecan you recommend your friend to watch for pleasure?

Answers

1

How old are you?

2

How many times a week do you do sports?

№

Questions

3

What sport is the most popular with teenagers in your region?

Archery (wrestling, football, boxing) is (are) popular in our region.

4

What sport facilities are available in the place you live?

Football field, volleyball court, basketball court, wrestling court, skating rink are popular in the place I live. Also we have a indoor basketball court, track, football field, tennis courts, a weight room, a baseball field and a softball field as well as a wrestling room.We didn't have their own specific/unique facilities at the school, such as lacrosse, volleyball, softball, baseball, soccer, and badminton.

5

Why do you think it is important to keep fit?

To keep fit is very important nowadays because a lot of teenagers don’t do sports, prefer junk food, lead unhealthy life. The problem of obesity (ожирения) is one of the most actual (pressing) in the modern world.

6

What would you advise to a person who wants to keep fit?

As for me I would advise such points to a person who wants to keep fit. So you should control your weight, do sports,

( getintoshape - приходить в форму,startanexerciseroutine - начать регулярные занятия,

do a workout - выполнять физические упражнения,doingyoga - занятия йогой, getmoreflexible - статьболеегибким, docardiovascularactivity - сердечная гимнастика,doweightlifting - силовые упражнения, gojogging - бегать трусцой,staymotivated - сохранять мотивацию

changelifestyle– изменить образ жизни,eatmorehealthily - есть более здоровую пищу

drink more glasses of water - питьбольшеводы, you should't have bad habits: smoking, drinking alcohol. You should’t eat junk food and eat at night, you should eat more fruits and vegetables, count calories and sleep regularly.

7

Why do millions of people do sport?

Of course a lot of people do sport because sport and sport games make people healthy, strong, well – built, graceful, disciplined,   energetic. Sport builds character, makes people more organized and helps to make career. Sport develops the will for victory (волякпобеде), the leadership skills(лидерскиекачества) to boost self – esteem (повышатьсамооценку)

8

We do sports: boxing, gymnastics, judo, karate, swimming, athletics, jumping, cycling

We play games: badminton, volleyball, basketball, water polo, ice hockey, football.

We go skiing, skating, roller – skating, skateboarding, snowboarding, boating

№

Questions

Answers

1

How old are you?

2

How many times a week do you do sports?

3

What sport is the most popular with teenagers in your region?

4

What sport facilities are available in the place you live?

5

Why do you think it is important to keep fit?

6

What would you advise to a person who wants to keep fit?

7

Why do millions of people do sport?

8

№

Questions

Answers

1

What do you enjoy doing in your free time?

As for me I enjoy spending my free time in different ways: V+ ing– do sports, play musical instruments, listen to my favourite pop music, collect CDs, arrange parties, read interesting books, go to the library, look through newspapers and magazines, visit my friends and relatives, collect various things: coins, books, post – cards, toys, dolls, buttons, cans, bottles, match boxes, unique paintings, play computer games, go to the disco, have a good time in the company of close friends, watch TV, see videos and interesting films, blockbusters, documentary films, cartoons, go the forest to enjoy fresh air, the beauty of nature, the twitter of birds and make promenades in the open air, hunt and fish, arrange picnics , cook soup with mushrooms or fish, travel to different countries and continents, see picturesque places, sew or knit, cook tasty dishes of national cuisine, grow beautiful flowers, exotic fruits and vegetables.

2

How often do you go to the cinema or to the theatre?

As for me I often (usually seldom, sometimes, once (twice, three times) a month, never.

3

How much time do you usually watch TV every day?

As for me I usually watch TV for an hour (for two hours, for three hours, seldom, rare) every day.

4

What TV programmers are popular in your family?

Different programmes are popular in my family. Tastes differ, you know.

5

Do you prefer TV or the Internet? Why?

Of course, I prefer the Internet to TV because I can practically everything in the Internet.См. ответы выше

6

What TV program would you recommend your friend watch?

As for me I would recommend to watch …

См. ответы выше

№

Questions

Answers

1

What do you enjoy doing in your free time?

2

How often do you go to the cinema or to the theatre?

3

How much time do you usually watch TV every day?

4

What TV programmers are popular in your family?

5

Do you prefer TV or the Internet? Why?

6

What TV program would you recommend your friend watch?

№

English

Russian

1

spend a lot of time outdoors

проводить много времени на улице

2

feed the farm animals (cows, hens, dogs, pigs, goats, horses)

кормить домашних животных

3

ride horses

кататься на лошади

4

go into the forest

идти в лес

5

pick berries

собирать ягоды

6

gather mushrooms

собирать грибы

7

walk in the fields

гулять по полю

8

makejam

делать варенье

9

grow different plants (vegetables)

выращивать растения, овощи

10

make a fire

разжигать костер

11

swim (dive) in the river

купаться(нырять) в реке

12

playthe guitar

13

go to the town ( the city)

уздить в маленький город (большой г)

14

spend the summer holidays by the sea

проводить летние каникулы у моря

15

see the exotic animals, trees and flowers

16

do a lot of sunbathing

купаться много

17

swim in the sea all day long

18

smell the beautiful flowers

19

go sightseeing

осматривать достопримечательности

20

find seashells

находитьчайки

21

take a lot of pictures

фотографировать

22

get a lovely tan

получить чудный загар

№

English

Russian

1

sunny

солнечно

2

cloudy

облачно

3

rainy

дождливо

4

windy

ветренно

5

hot

жарко

6

wet

влажно

7

cool

прохладно

8

foggy

туманно

9

cold

холодно

10

fine

прекрасно

Questions

Answer

1What’s the weather like in summer?

It’s (it is) usually hot …

2 What was the weather like during your summer holidays?

It was cold ... during my summer holidays

3What's the temperature?

It’s 3 degrees Celsius.

№

English

Russian

1

 We do sports: boxing, gymnastics, judo, karate, swimming, athletics, jumping, cycling, yoga.

Заниматься спортом (боксом …

2

We play games: badminton, volleyball, basketball, water polo, ice hockey, football.

Играть в игры (бадминтон…

3

We go skiing, skating, roller – skating, skateboarding, snowboarding, boating, running, surfing.

Ходитьналыжах …

№

English

Russian

1

go hiking

идти в поход

2

go cycling (ride a bike)

кататься на велосипеде

3

see a movie (watch a film)

смотреть фильм

4

have a party (arrange a party)

устраивать вечер

5

havea picnic

устроить пикник

6

go for a drive

кататься на машине

7

have a good time in the company of close friends,

хорошо проводить время в компании близких друзей

8

visit my friends and relatives

9

travel to different countries and cities

10

see picturesque places

11

go shopping

12

surf the Internet

бороздить по Интернету

№

English

Russian

1

interesting

2

exciting

захватывающий

3

unforgettable

незабываемый

4

surprising

удивительный

5

relaxing

успокаивающий

6

wonderful

прекрасный, замечательный

7

incredible

невероятный

8

fun

веселый

9

boring

скучный

10

terrible

ужасный

11

great

великолепный

№

Буква

Звук

На русском

№

Буква

Звук

На русском

1

Bb

(b)

б

14

Rr

(r)

р

2

Cc перед e,i,y

В остальных случаях

(s)

(k)

C

к

15

Ss

(s)

c

3

Dd

(d)

д

16

Tt

(t)

т

4

Ff

(f)

ф

17

Vv

(v)

в

5

Gg перед e,i, y

В остальных случаях

(dz)

(g)

дж

г

18

Ww

(w)

Губы округлить и взрыв

6

Hh

(h)

выдох

19

Xx

(ks)

кс

7

Jj

(dz)

дж

20

Zz

(z)

з

8

Kk

(k)

к

21

9

Ll

(l)

л

22

10

Mm

(m)

м

23

11

Nn

(n)

н

24

12

Pp

(p)

п

25

13

Qq

(kw)

кв

26

Алфавитное название гласных

В конце слога находится

гласная

I тип слога

согласная

II тип слога

гласная + r

III тип слога

гласная + r + e

IVтип слога

a

Kate (a= ei = эй)

Cat (a = э)

Car (ar = аа)

hare (are = эа)

o

Rose (o=оу)

Dog (o= о)

Fork (or = оо)

More (ore = оо)

u

Tube (u=ю)

Bus (u = а)

Turkey (ur =оо, кончик языка загнут вверх, язык лежит плоско)

Pure (uer = юэ)

e

Pete (e= ии)

Pet (e= э)

Perfume (er = оо,

 кончик языка загнут вверх, язык лежит плоско)

here (ere =иэ)

i / y

Mike / fly (i,y=ай)

Pig (i = и)

Bird (ir = оо,

кончик языка загнут вверх, язык лежит плоско)

Fire (ier= айэ)

Present Simple

Present Progressive

Present Perfect

Past Simple

Future Simple

Every day (evening, month, year) –каждыйдень (вечер, месяц, год);

Usually –обычно;

Often – часто;

Sometimes – иногда;

Если нет обслуж. слова, то подразумевается значение – вообще)

Now – сейчас,

At the moment – в этот момент;

At present – в настоящий момент;

Tonight – сегодня вечером;

Look – смотри;

Where is Sam? – где Сэм?

Just – только что;

Ever – когда – либо ( в вопросительном предл.);

Never – никогда;

Already – уже;

Yet – ещё;

Recently – недавно;

Если нет обслуж. слова, то подразумевается значение – только,что

Many times - много раз

Several times

The first ( second, third) time - в первый раз

Yesterday – вчера;

The day before yesterday – позавчера;

Last year (week, month, night)  - в прошлом году (неделе, месяце, ночью);

2 days ago – 2 дня тому назад;

In 1995 (все года до 2015года)

 The other day - на днях

When - когда в вопросе

Tomorrow - завтра

The day after tomorrow - послезавтра

Next week - на следующей неделе

In the near future - в ближайшем будущем

Soon - вскоре

In two days - через 2 дня

Утверждение (Statement)

I, we, you, they – V1

He, she, it – V1 +s

(илиV1 + es), если V1оканчивается на  - ss, - s,  - tch, - sh, - o, -x)

I am + Ving

He, she, it – is + Ving

We, you, they – are +V ing

I, we, you, they – have +V3

He, she, it – has + V3

Подлежащее + V2

                          Ved

Подлежащее + will + V1

go – ходишь, ходят

goes - ходит

am going  - иду,is going – идет,are going - идут

have gone – сходили,

has gone – сходил,

went –ходил, ходила,ходили

will go –пойдут,пойдет

Общий вопрос (General Question)

Do (you, we, they, I) + V1 …?

Does (he, she, it) + V1 …?

Are  (you, we, they) + Ving..?

Is (he, she, it) + Ving .. ?

Have (you, we, they) V3 …?

Has (he, she, it) V3 …?

Did подлежащее +V1 …?

Will подлежащее +V1…?

Отрицательное предложение (Negative sentence)

I, we, you, they +don’t V1.

He, she, it + doesn’t V1.

I am not Ving .

He, she, it isn’t Ving.

We, you, they aren’t Ving.

I, we, you, they haven’t V3.

He, she, it hasn’t V3.

Подл. didn’t V1 .

Подл. won’t V1 ….

Present Perfect Progressive

Past Continuous

Past Perfect

For - в течение

Since - c (c какого времени)

All day - весь день

All night

All the morning

All the afternoon

All the evening

At 3 o clock yesterday – в 3 часавчера;

The whole morning – целое утро;

On Tuesday last week – во вторник на прошлой неделе;

When he came – когда он пришел;

While – в то время как

By 4 o clock yesterday – к 4 часамвчера;

By that time – к тому времени;

Before he phoned -  до того как он звонил;

When he came–когда он пришел

Already-уже

Утверждение

I, you, we, they have been Ving

He, she, it          has been Ving

I, he, she, it –was + Ving

We, you, they – were + Ving

Подлежащее – had V3

have been playing - играю (уже час, с 2 часов;

has been  playing - - играет (уже час, с 2 часов;

was writing – писал, писала,

were writing - писали

Had written – написал, написала, написали

Общий вопрос (General Question)

Have (you, we, they) been Ving ...?

Has  (he, she, it) been Ving ...?

Was (he, she, it) Ving …?

Were (you, we, they) Ving…?

Had подлежащее V3…?

Отрицательное предложение (Negative sentence)

I, you, we, they haven't been Ving

He, she, it          hasn't been Ving

I, he, she, it wasn’t Ving ….

We, you, they weren’t Ving… .

Подлежащее hadn’t  V3 … .

Simple

Progressive

Perfect

Present

Спрашивают

- обычно

- всегда

- каждый день

am

is           asked (V3)

are

Cпрашивают

   - сейчас

   - все еще

am

is       being asked (V3)

are

Cпросили

    -  уже

    - (результат)

have

               been asked (V3)

has

Past

Спросили

Был спрошен

 - вчера

 - когда - то

 - в прошлом

 was

              asked (V3)

 were

Спрашивали

Когда я приехал

was

              being asked (V3)

were

Спросили,

Был спрошен

(к тому моменту,

 уже)

had  been asked (V3)

Future

 Спросят,

 Будет спрошен

  -завтра

  Will be asked (V3)

 Be V3

Be doing V3

Have been V3

Direct speech

Indirect speech

today

that day

yesterday

the day before

tomorrow

the next day

...ago

...before

this

that

these

those

here

there

last year

the year before

last month

the month before

last ...

the ... before

next...

the following ...

Indirect commands

Keep quiet !

He told me to keep quiet.

Don't make noise !

He asked me not to make noise.

Present Simple

Present Progressive

Present Perfect

Present Perfect Progressive

1.Действие происходит постоянно, регулярно, вообще

My friends like to travel.

Every day he visits his friend.

We have History twice a week.

2.Общеизвестные факты, истины. Пословицы, поговорки.

The sun rises in the east.

Still waters run deep.

Old love doesn't rust.

3.Признак, постоянно характеризующий предмет.

Ice is cold.

4. Последовательность действий, происходящих в момент речи.

She enters the room, sees a fax on the table, reads it, calls the clerk.

5.Вместо The Present Progressive

с глаголами see, hear, sound, believe, belong, need, understand, realise, remember.

I believe you understand me.

I remember your address.

1.Действие продолжается сейчас, в данный момент.

The child is crying now.

They are doing homework.

2.Действие охватывает некоторый период времени в настоящем ( в этом году, месяце).

She is working too hard this week.

Nelly is studing at the University.

She is writing her diploma now.

3. Эмоционально окрашенную характеристику лица. Как правило, это отрицательная оценка ( упрек).

He constantly talking about hockey.

Why are you losing your things.

4. Заранее запланированное действие, ближайшее будущее.

He is going to buy a new car.

They are returning next month.

1. Действие, которое закончилось только что.

I have just done the exercise.

He has bought a new disk.

She has already gone out.

2.Действие закончилось, но не говорят когда.

The war has finished.

3. Действие началось в прощлом и продолжается сейчас ( вместо Present Perfect Progressive).

I have had  the house since 1935.

Have ever been to Moscow?

4. NB. Примечание: не употребляется в вопросах со словами when, how

When did you meet?

How did it happen?

Нужно в Past Simple.

1.Действие началось до настоящего момента и продолжается в данный момент, либо, только что закончилось.

 I have been watching TV since 2

p.m.

 It has been raining for several

 hours.

 2.Не употребляется с глаголами

  состояния:

    to know

    to have

    to be

    to want

    to love

    to own - владеть

    Нужно в Present Perfect

№

Present Perfect

To go (go went gone)

To be

1

He has gone to the bank. - Он ушел в банк. Он сейчас в банке или на пути к нему.

He has been  to the bank. - Он побывал в банке, но его уже там нет.

This morning, this afternoon, this evening

2

Present Perfect

Past Simple

I have seen him this morning. - Разговор происходит утром, до

12 часов дня. Утро еще не закончилось.

I saw him this morning. - Разговор происходит после 12 часов дня,

Утро закончилось.

Adjective (прилагательное)

Comparative (сравнительная степень)

Superlative (превосходная степень)

Односложные прилагательные

Old (старый)

older (старее,старше)

The oldest (старейший, самый старший)

Big

bigger

the biggest

Nice

nicer

the nicest

Pretty

prettier

the prettiest

Многосложные прилагательные

Popular

more popular

the most popular

Beautiful

more beautiful

the most beautiful

Прилагательные – исключения

Good  - хороший

better – лучше

The best - наилучший

Bad – плохой

worse - хуже

The worst - наихудший

Little - маленький

less – меньше

The least - наименьший

Many – много (с исчисляемыми сущ.)

more – больше

The most – наибольший

Much – много (с неисчисляемыми сущ.)

more – больше

The most - наибольший

Far – далекий

Farther – дальше

The farthest – самый дальний

Singular (Единственное число)

Plural (Множественное число)

1.Если ед. число оканчивается на – o + es,

Но если ед.число оканчивается на – гласное + o +s, или oo +s,

музыкальный инструмент +s,

аббревиатура или собственное имя +s

tomatoes, potatoes, volcanoes

radios, videos, zoos

pianos

photos, autos, kilos, memos, Eskimos

2.Если ед. число оканчивается на – s, - ss, - x, - ch, - sh + es

foxes, dresses, churches, buses

3.Если ед. число оканчивается на – y, то y - ies

cities, countries, ladies, flies

4.Если ед. число оканчивается на – f / fe, то f / fe–ves

lives,leaves, wolves, wives

Но след.слова выучить

chiefs, roofs, cliffs, safes, beliefs, handkerchiefs

Слова - исключения

man  - мужчина, человек

men

woman  - женщина

women

child – ребёнок

children

foot – ступня

feet

tooth – зуб

teeth

goose – гусь

geese

sheep –овца

sheep

deer – олень

deer

mouse - мышка

mice

swine - свинья

swine

fish - рыба

fish

fruit - фрукт

Fruit / fruits (разные виды фруктов)

louse - вошь

lice

ox – бык

oxen

salmon – лосось, семга

salmon

trout – форель

trout

means – средство

means

Personal pronouns

(Личные местоимения)

Objectpronouns

(кого? что? кому? чему? кем? чем?)

Possessivepronouns

(Притяжательные местоимения + сущ)

Possessivepronouns

(Притяжательные местоимения+ нет сущ)

Reflexive pronouns

(Возвратные местоимения)

I

me  - мне

my - мой

mine

myself

You

you - тебе

your - твой

yours

yourself

She

her - ей

her - её

hers

herself

He

him - ему

his - его

his

himself

It

it

its

its

itself

We

us - нам

our - наш

ours

ourselves

They

them - им

their - их

theirs

themselves

С исчисляемыми существительными

С неисчисляемыми существительными

Утверждение (Statement) a lot of - много

There are a lot of sweets in the box

Thereis a lot of juice in the bottle

В отрицательном предложении (Negativesentence)

There aren’t many ( много)biscuits on the table

There isn’t much (много)water in the glass

В вопросительном предложении

How many eggs do you put into your cake?

How much butter have you got?

a few (несколько, нодостаточно)

There are a few books on the table.

a little (немного, нодостаточно)

There is a little coffee in the cup

few  - мало

There are few potatoes in the box

little – мало

There is little tea in the cup

Утверждение (Statement)

Вопросительное предложение

Interrogative sentence

Отрицательное предложение

Negative sentence

Some, any( любой)

There are some apricots and oranges in the fridge.

Any

Are there any apples in the fridge?

Any

 There aren’t any apples in the fridge

В просьбах и требованиях ( some)

Can I have some water, please?

Would you like some apricot jam?

Have = have got = иметь

Have в выражениях

Have to V1  - вынужден

I have got a sister (a brother /a pet / a book / a room / a bag / a cold

have breakfast / dinner / supper

have a good time / a good trip

have a sweet teeth

have a rest

I have to weara school uniform  -

Явынуждена (должна)носитьшкольнуюформу.

1 – 9

11 – 19

10 -90

двухзначные

сотни

тысячи

миллион

миллиард

1 - one

11 – eleven

10 – ten

21 – twenty - one

100 –one hundred

1000 – one thousand

100000 – one hundred thousand

1000000 – one million

1000000000 – one billion

2 – two

12 - twelve

20 – twenty

22 – twenty – two

200 – two hundred

2000 – two thousand

200000 two hundred thousand

2000000 – two million

2000000000 – two billion

3 – three

13 - thirteen

30 - thirty

23 – twenty - three

300 – three hundred

3000 – three thousand

300000 – three hundred thousand

3000000 – three million

3000000000 – three billion

4 – four

14 - fourteen

40 - forty

24 – twenty – four

400 – four hundred

4000 – four thousand

400000 – four hundred thousand

4000000 – four million

4000000000 – four billion

5 – five

15 - fifteen

50 – fifty

25 – twenty – five

500 – five hundred

5000 – five thousand

500000 – five hundred thousand

5000000 – five million

5000000000 – five billion

6 – six

16 - sixteen

60 - sixty

26 – twenty – six

600 – six hundred

6000 – six thousand

6000000 –six million

6000000000 – six billion

7 - seven

17 - seventeen

70 - seventy

27 – twenty – seven

700 – seven hundred

7000 – seven thousand

7000000 – seven million

7000000000 – seven billion

8 – eight

18 - eighteen

80 - eighty

28 – twenty – eight

800 – eight hundred

8000 – eight thousand

8000000 – eight million

8000000000 – eight billion

9 – nine

19 - nineteen

90 - ninety

29 -  twenty – nine

900 –nine hundred

9000 – nine thousand

9000000 – nine million

9000000000 – nine billion

1 – 9

11 – 19

Десятки

Двухзначные

1 – ый the first

11 – ый the eleventh

10 – ый the  tenth

21 – ый the  twenty - first

2 – ой  the second

12 – ый the twelfth

20 – ый the  twentieth

22 –ой  the twenty -  second

3 – ий the third

13 – ый the thirteenth

30 – ый the  thirtieth

23 – ий the  twenty - third

4 – ый the fourth

14 – ый the fourteenth

40 -  ой  the  fortieth

24 – ый the twenty -  fourth

5 – ый the fifth

15 – ый the fifteenth

50 – ый the   fiftieth

25 – ый the twenty – fifth

6 – ой  the sixth

16 – ый the sixteenth

60 – ый the   sixtieth

26 –ой the  twenty - sixth

7 – ой the seventh

17 – ый the seventeenth

70 – ый the   seventieth

27 – ой the  twenty - seventh

8 – ой the eighth

18 – ый the eighteenth

80 - ый the eightieth

28 – ой  the twenty -  eighth

9 – ый the nineth

19 – ый the nineteenth

90 – ый the  ninetieth

29 – ый the  twenty - nineth

Приставки ( префиксы) (PREFIXES)

Прилагательное - Adjective

1

happy, pleasant, comfortable, healthy

un - придает противоположное значение:

unhappy, unpleasant, uncomfortable, unhealthy

2

Obedient- послушный,  honest- честный

dis - придает отрицательное значение; часто переводится на русский язык приставками не-, дез-, бес-, без-:

disobedient — непослушный

dishonest — бесчестный

3

legal - законный,

 literate - грамотный

il - означает отрицание.

illegal — незаконный,

illiterate — неграмотный

4

mortal

im - означает отрицание.

immortal — бессмертный

5

definite -  определенный

in - противоположное значение

indefmite — неопределенный; неясный;

6

responsible - ответственный;

regular - правильный

ir- противоположное значение

irresponsible - безответственный;

irregular - неправильный;

7

historic -

pre - употребляется со значением ”перед", ”ранее":

prehistoric — доисторический

8

inter- между, среди

international

Глагол - Verb

1

do - делать

un - придает противоположное значение:

undo - отменять сделанное; уничтожать

2