ПРОЕКТЫ ДЕТЕЙ

Shchukina Helen

творческие проекты детей 5- 9классы

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Fashion without pollution. So hot right now

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Were you thinking about Zara fashions for this season? Maybe these images will make you think twice. There's a good reason even the 'mannequins' are walking out of Zara's stores in protest. Zara has a toxic little secret... and it's in the clothes. Certain clothing items have been tested in an independent labratory and been found to contain hazardous chemicals, some of which can even break down to become hormone-disrupting and cancer-causing substances when released into the environment. It's nasty stuff .

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This past Saturday was a busy shopping day, and in over 80 cities around the world shoppers were treated to 'mannequin' walkouts at Zara stores. In Istanbul, Zara mannequins struck a pose in the street outside the shop, instead of in their normal place in the store front - and their price tags warned shoppers of the hazardous chemicals in the fashion.

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A similar scene played out in cities like Bangkok, Buenos Aires, Prague and even on one of the world's most famous fashion streets: the Champs-Élysées in Paris. In the fashion capital 'mannequins' in Zara's clothes walked out into the busy Saturday crowds to demand toxic-free fashion, while in Germany ' Detox ' symbols could be seen in the windows of Zara stores in 23 cities . At every store the managers were asked by Greenpeace volunteers to pass on the Detox demand to their headquarters. Some managers were more willing than others, but in many cases the staff of Zara stores seem much faster at picking up on the fresh appeal of toxic-free fashion than their executives .

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Zara can make fashion without pollution. We're challenging them to eliminate toxic chemicals from the production of their fashion - that means they will need to work with their suppliers all over the world, including China.

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More than 700 Greenpeace volunteers were involved in creating this weekend's Zara 'mannequin' revolt in 20 countries, and (while writing this) nearly 300,000 people have already asked Zara to Detox and eliminate hazardous chemicals from their fashion. Now the only question is when will the world's biggest fashion brand, which reacts so swiftly to changes in fashion trends, react to this toxic-free trend?


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Climate Change It could change our world! The presentation was prepared by pupil of 8 form school № 31 Pavel Severilov

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You've probably heard of GLOBAL WARMING, right? That's because it's one of the "hottest" environmental issues. But, global warming is only part of a bigger environmental issue -CLIMATE CHANGE. Climate change could cause a lot of things in our environment to be very different.

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Climate is what the weather of a place is like over a long time. Climate can change. Now the planet is warming up fast—faster than at any time scientists know about from their studies of Earth's entire history. Climate change could affect EVERYONE and EVERYTHING around the world. Some of the changes could be good. Many of the changes could be bad.

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Why is Earth's global average temperature a big deal? A rise of just one degree Celsius on a sunny day where you live has little effect. But over the whole Earth, a rise of 1° С makes a big difference. Just think, normally, water at 0 ° С is solid ice. But water at 1 ° С is liquid water.

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Earth is our spaceship.It carries us on a 583-million-mile cruise around the Sun every year. It even has its own "force field." Earth has a magnetic field that protects us from killer radiation and brutal solar wind. For its life-support system, Earth has all the air, water, and food we need.Just like astronauts on a long space voyage, we need to monitor all our "ships" vital functions and keep our Earth ship shape. Earth is a magnificent spaceship. Its magnetic field is an "invisible force field" protecting us from the Sun's stormy blasts. And Earth gives us everything else we need to live.

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Earth's fate is in our hands. Everything that happens here affects something over there. Earth has its own control system. The oceans, the land, the air, the plants and animals, and the energy from the Sun all affect each other to make everything work in harmony. Nothing changes in one place without changing something in another place. The overall effect gives us our global climate.


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«Загрязнение водной среды.» WATER POLLUTION Работу выполнил. НЕЧАЕВ ДАНИЛ 8-В КЛАСС

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Introduction At present the problem of water pollution is very relevant, because Now people are starting to forget the well-known expression "water - it is life." Without water, people can not live more than three days, but even understanding the importance of the role of water in his life, he still continues to harm the water bodies, permanently altering their natural mode discharges and waste. The bulk of the water is concentrated in the oceans. Evaporating from the surface water provides life-giving water natural and artificial terrestrial ecosystems. The closer to the area of the ocean, the more there is precipitation. Land always returns the ocean water, the water evaporates, some going to the rivers that receive rain and snow water. Exchange of moisture between the ocean and the land demands a lot of energy: it spent up to 1/3 of what the Earth receives from the Sun. Water cycle in the biosphere to the development of civilization was in equilibrium, the ocean to the rivers get as much water consumed when it evaporates. As civilization has broken the cycle, resulting in crop irrigation increased evaporation from the land. Southern shallow river, the pollution of the oceans and the appearance on the surface of the oil film has reduced the amount of water evaporated ocean. All this affects the water supply of the biosphere. Taking into account the importance that water has for human life and all life on Earth, we can say that the water - one of the most precious treasures of our planet.

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Введение В настоящее время проблема загрязнения воды является очень актуальным, потому что сейчас люди начинают забывать известное выражение «вода - это жизнь». Без воды человек не может прожить более трех суток, но даже понимая всю важность роли воды в его жизни, он до сих пор продолжает причинять вред водоемам, постоянно изменяя их естественный режим сбросов и отходов. Основная масса воды сосредоточена в океанах. Испарения с поверхности воды обеспечивает живительной влаги естественных и искусственных экосистем суши. Чем ближе к площади океана, тем более есть осадков. Земля всегда возвращает океанской водой, вода испаряется, часть собирается реками, которые получают дождя и снега вода. Обмен влагой между океаном и сушей требует очень большого количества энергии: он провел до 1/3 того, что Земля получает от Солнца. Круговорот воды в биосфере до развития цивилизации был равновесным, океан реками получить как можно больше воды, потребляемой при ее испарении.. Как цивилизации нарушил цикла, в результате орошения сельскохозяйственных культур увеличилось испарение с суши. Южный мелких рек, загрязнение океанов и появление на поверхности нефтяной пленки уменьшило количество воды испаряется океана. Все это влияет на водоснабжение биосферы. Принимая во внимание то значение, которое вода имеет для жизни человека и всего живого на Земле, мы можем сказать, что вода - одно из самых драгоценных сокровищ нашей планеты.

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Гидросфера Земли Гидросфера - водная среда, которая включает поверхностные и подземные воды. Поверхностные воды в основном сосредоточены в Мировом океане, содержащем около 91% всей воды на Земле. Поверхность Мирового океана (акватория) составляет 361 млн/км квадратных. Она примерно в 2,04 раза больше площади суши – территории, занимающей 149 млн/км квадратных. Если распределить воду ровным слоем, то она покроет Землю толщиной в 3000 метров. Вода в океане (94%) и под землей – соленая. Количество пресной воды составляет 6% общего объема воды на Земле, причем очень малая ее доля всего 0,36% имеется в легкодоступных для добычи местах. С учетом потребности воды для промышленности и сельского хозяйства расход воды в нашей стране от 125 до 350 литров в сутки на человека ( Санкт – Петербурге 450 литров, а в Москве 380 литров). В развитых странах на каждого жителя приходится 200 – 300 литров воды в сутки, в городах – 400 – 500, Нью – Йорке – более 1000, Париже – 500, Лондоне – 300 л. В то же время 60% суши не имеет достаточного количества пресной воды. Четвертая часть человечества (примерно 1,5 млрд) ощущает ее недостаток, а еще 500 млн страдают от недостатка и плохого качества питьевой воды, что приводит к кишечным заболеваниям.

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Hydrosphere of the Earth Hydrosphere- water environment, which includes surface and groundwater. Surface waters are mainly concentrated in the oceans, which contains about 91% of all water on Earth. The surface of the ocean (water area) is 361 million / sq km. It is about 2.04 times the area of the land - the territory occupied by 149 million / km square. If you distribute water evenly, it will cover the earth as thick as 3,000 meters. The water in the ocean (94%) and under the earth - salty. Amount of fresh water is 6% of the total water on Earth, and a very small proportion of its total 0.36% available in easily accessible places for mining. Given the need of water for industrial and agricultural water consumption in the country from 125 to 350 liters per day per person (St. - Petersburg, 450 liters and 380 liters in Moscow). In developed countries, each inhabitant 200 - 300 liters of water per day in the city - 400 - 500, New - York - 1000, Paris - 500, London - 300 l. At the same time, 60% of the land does not have enough fresh water. The fourth part of humanity (about 1.5 billion) feels the lack, and another 500 million suffer from a lack and poor quality of drinking water, which leads to intestinal diseases.

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Качество п итьев ой вод ы Всемирная О рганизация З дравоохранения предупреждает, что 80% заболеваний на планете вызваны потреблением некачественной питьевой воды. В России каждая пятая проба водопроводной воды не соответствует санитарно – химическим нормам, каждая восьмая – микробиологическим, а 90% питьевой воды в стране не соответствует рекомендуемым санитарным нормам, химическим и микробиологическим стандартам. Эту воду использует 70% городов и населенных пунктов. Больше всего нам портит жизнь хлор, используемый для дезинфекции воды. Хотя в начале он спасает от инфекций, однако потом его производные начинают медленно убивать нас, так как обладают канцерогенным эффектом, влияют на наследственность. Перед употреблением водопроводную воду надо очищать. Для освобождения от хлора воду целесообразно отстаивать (от нескольких часов до суток). Для освобождения от микробов и хлора воду необходимо кипятить не более 1 – 3 минут. Сырую воду можно пить только в крайних случаях. Нежелательно использовать для приготовления пищи горячую водопроводную воду: горячая вода химически более агрессивна. Последнее время для доочистки воды стали использоваться различные бытовые фильтры. Фильтр должен удалять микробы, хлор и его производные, тяжелые металлы, нефтепродукты, нитраты и нитриты, пестициды. Однако опасно и вторичное загрязнение воды микроорганизмами, осевшими на самом фильтре.

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The World Health Organization warns that 80% of diseases in the world are caused by the consumption of unsafe drinking water. In Russia, every fifth sample of tap water does not meet sanitary - chemical standards, one in eight - microbiological, and 90% of the drinking water in the country does not meet the recommended health standards, chemical and microbiological standards. The water uses 70% of the cities and towns. Most of us makes life chlorine used to disinfect water. Although at the beginning he rescues from infection, but then its derivatives are slowly killing us, as they have carcinogenic, affect heredity. Before the use of tap water should be clean. For the release of chlorine water is expedient to defend (from several hours to days). To free from germs and chlorine water to boil no more than 1 - 3 minutes. Tap water you can drink only in extreme cases. It is undesirable to use for cooking hot tap water: hot water is chemically more aggressive. Recently, for treatment of water were used various household filters. The filter should remove bacteria, chlorine and its derivatives, heavy metals, petroleum products, nitrates and nitrites, pesticides. However, the risk and secondary contamination of water by microorganisms deposited on the filter .

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Основные пути загрязнения гидросферы Основные пути загрязнения гидросферы Загрязнение нефтью и нефтепродуктами Загрязнение сточными водами Sewage pollution Загрязнение тяжелыми металлами Загрязнение кислотными дождями Радиоактивное загрязнение Тепловое загрязнение Механическое загрязнение mechanical contamination Бактериальное и биологическое загрязнение Oil-polluted Bacterial and biological contamination thermal pollution Radio contamination Acid rain pollution Heavy metal pollution The main ways of contamination of the hydrosphere

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Рост населения, расширение старых и возникновение новых городов значительно увеличили поступление бытовых стоков во внутренние водоемы. Эти стоки стали источником загрязнения рек и озер болезнетворными бактериями и гельминтами. В еще большей степени загрязняют водоемы моющие синтетические средства, широко используемые в быту. Они находят широкое применение также в промышленности и сельском хозяйстве. Содержащиеся в них химические вещества, поступая со сточными водами в реки и озера, оказывают значительное влияние на биологический и физический режим водоемов. В результате снижается способность вод к насыщению кислородом, парализуется деятельность бактерий, минерализующих органические вещества. Сточные воды, содержащие растительные волокна, животные и растительные жиры, фекальную массу, остатки плодов и овощей, отходы кожевенной и целлюлозно-бумажной промышленности, сахарных и пивоваренных заводов, предприятий мясомолочной, консервной и кондитерской промышленности, являются причиной органических загрязнений водоемов.

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Population growth, the expansion of the old and the emergence of new cities have significantly increased the flow of sewage into inland water bodies. These drains have become a source of pollution in rivers and lakes pathogenic bacteria and worms. This is even more polluted water washing synthetic agents that are widely used in everyday life. They are widely used in industry and agriculture. They contain chemicals, entering the wastewater into rivers and lakes, have a significant impact on the biological and physical conditions of reservoirs. This reduces the ability of water to the saturation of oxygen, paralyze the bacteria mineralize organic substances. Wastewater containing vegetable fibers, animal and vegetable fats, feces, the remains of fruits and vegetables, leather waste, and pulp and paper mills, sugar refineries and breweries, dairy companies, canning and confectionery industry, are the cause of organic pollution of water bodies

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С конца 50 – х годов XX века идет борьба за спасение крупнейшего в мире пресного водохранилища – озера Байкал, признанного ЮНЕСКО достоянием человечества. Целлюлозно – бумажный комбинат на его берегу использует воду Байкала для производственного процесса и недостаточно очищенные воды объемом 0,2 км кубических сбрасывает в озеро. В1992 г. было сброшено 169 млн. м кубических неочищенных вод. Множество лет обсуждается вопрос о перепрофилировании комбината. Для этого перепрофилирования требуется 500 000 000 долларов (1999 г.).

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Since the late 50 - ies of the XX century, there is a struggle for the salvation of the world's largest freshwater lake - Lake Baikal, on UNESCO heritage of humanity. - Pulp mill on the bank uses the water of Lake Baikal to the production process and insufficiently treated water volume of 0.2 cubic km dumps into the lake. V1992, it was dropped to 169 million cubic meters of untreated water. Many years of discussion on conversion plant. For this conversion requires 500 million dollars (1999).


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How paper is recycled

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Paper is taken from the bin and deposited in a large recycling container along with paper from other recycling bins.

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The paper is taken to a recycling plant where it is separated into types and grades.

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The separated paper is then washed with soapy water to remove inks, plastic film, staples and glue. The paper is put into a large holder where it is mixed with water to create ‘slurry’ .

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By adding different materials to the slurry, different paper products can be created, such as cardboard, newsprints or office paper.

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The slurry is spread using large rollers into large thin sheets .

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The paper is left to dry, and then it is rolled up ready to be cut and sent back to the shops.



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DEFEND OF ENVIRONMENT

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Environmental Protection. People have always polluted all around. But until now there was no contamination of such a serious problem. With the development of highly urban areas, which emit large quantities of pollutants into the environment, the problem has become increasingly serious. Today, our planet is in grave danger. Acid rain, global warming, air and water pollution, overpopulation - the problems that threaten human life on Earth. Billions of tons of coal and oil burned around the world each year. When fuel burns, it emits smoke and other byproducts into the environment. Although the wind and rain occasionally wash away the smoke, the selected power plants and automobiles, this is not enough. These chemical elements under the influence of sunlight are a series of chemical reactions, and as a result we have been able to, a mixture of fog and smoke.

Among the most hazardous to our health is carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide and ozone or active oxygen. Factories emit tons of harmful chemicals. These emissions have disastrous consequences for our planet. They are the main cause of greenhouse effect and acid rain. Because of logging or fire our forests are disappearing.

If this continues, then one day we will not have enough oxygen to breathe. The seas are also at risk. They are filled with poison. If we do nothing, then once in our seas, no one will live. An even greater threat - nuclear power plants. We all know the tragic consequences of the Chernobyl disaster .Fortunately, it is too late and we can solve these problems. We have time, money and technology to make our planet a better, cleaner and safer.

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SHAMROCK as a symbol of Ireland

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As St. Patrick is Ireland's patron saint, shamrock has been used as a symbol of Ireland since the 18th century, in a similar way to how a rose is used for England, thistle for Scotland and leek for Wales.

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The shamrock first began to change from a symbol purely associated with St. Patrick to an Irish national symbol when it was taken up as an emblem by rival militias, during the turbulent politics of the late eighteenth century . Traditionally, shamrock is said to have been used by Saint Patrick to illustrate the Christian doctrine of the Trinity when Christianising Ireland in the 5th century.

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The shamrock is still chiefly associated with Saint Patrick's Day which has become the Irish national holiday, and is observed with parades and celebrations worldwide.

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Throughout the nineteenth and twentieth centuries the shamrock continued to appear in a variety of settings.For example , the shamrock appeared on many buildings in Ireland as a decorative motif, such as on the facade of the Kildare Street Club building in Dublin

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The shamrock is used in the emblems of many state organisations , both in the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland . The Irish Postal Service An Post , regularly features the shamrock on its series of stamps . The airline Aer Lingus uses the emblem in its logos, and its air traffic control call sign is "SHAMROCK".

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Examples include the Irish Football Association (Northern Ireland), Irish Rugby Football Union , Swim Ireland , Cricket Ireland , and the Olympic Council of Ireland . The shamrock is the official emblem of Irish football club Shamrock Rovers .


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What kind of winter sports do you play ? So, we see that the most popular sport is figure skating!!!!

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Н ow often do you play winter sport? So, we see that most of our students play sport very often!

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What sports or games do you prefer in P.E. lessons? So, we see that our students like playing basketball and volleyball at school!

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Will you watch the Olympic Games in Sochi? SO, WE WILL WATCH THE OLYMPIC GAMES TOGETHER! JOIN US!!!