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Tropical rainforest

Проверила: Ахметшина.И.Р

Выполнил: Усманов Руслан

                  Оценка:    

2015 год.

Tropical rainforest - the forest is located in the tropical humid areas.

This is the most common wood from tropical forests and rain forests of. Rainforests are characterized by great biodiversity. It is located in the most natural area of ​​life. It is home to a large number of their own, including endemic species of animals and plants, as well as migratory animals. In tropical rain forests live two-thirds of all plant and animal species of the planet. It is assumed that the millions of species of animals and plants are still not described.

Tropical rain forests are found in the equatorial zone, north of the equator and 25 ° N and as far south as 30 ° S

In America, they grow from the coast of the Gulf of Mexico in Mexico and southern Florida (USA), occupy the Yucatan Peninsula, most of Central America, the West Indies. South American tropical rain forests (they are called jungle or Gilea) are in the Amazon (Amazon rainforest - the largest rain forest), in the north of South America, are common on the Atlantic coast of Brazil  (Atlantic Forest).

Fauna

By the number of species of tropical rain forests, far exceed all other forests, especially high in the tropical forests of birds and insects. Usually in tropical rain forests animals live in the trees, mainly in the crowns. Representatives of mammals are monkeys, squirrels, flying squirrels, sloths, Agrionemys proteins igloshersty, some insectivores, predators and so on. Birds are parrots, woodpeckers, toucans, and other Goatsin; examples of reptiles are chameleons, tree snakes, some geckos, iguanas, agamas; amphibians - some frogs. Many fish - as many as 2,000 species - about one-third of freshwater fauna of the world.

Very diverse invertebrates, they can be large enough to stand wealth of shapes and colors, including ants, termites, centipedes, butterflies and others. Fauna Butterfly - one of the richest faunas in the world.

Flora

Trees in tropical rain forests have a few common characteristics that are not observed in plants less humid climates.

 Broad leaves are also common in trees, shrubs and grasses of the forest. High young trees also have broader leaves, which then decreases with height. Broad leaves help plants better absorb the sunlight under the edges of the trees of the forest, and they are protected from the top of the wind.

Treetops often very well connected to each other by lianas or epiphytes - plants fixed on the trees.

 On the trees grow flowers and fruits that attract birds, mammals.

Why are they in danger?

Tropical rain forests are a source of timber, food, genetic, medical materials, minerals. There was found a huge amount of natural medicines, so these forests are sometimes called "jewels of the Earth" and "the biggest pharmacy of the world." They play a very important role in the regulation of regional climate, as they provide up to 50% of the water cycle through transpiration, which leads to the formation of clouds over the active surface area of ​​growth and the return of water in the form of precipitation. Furthermore, in humid climates moisture condensed on micro particles contaminants facilitating effective cleaning of air, and it has a favorable impact on the atmosphere. Rainforests also play a role in cooling the air that passes through them. Therefore tropical lesa'- one of the most important ecosystems on the planet, deforestation leads to soil erosion, reduction of species of flora and fauna, ecological balance shifts over large areas and the world at large.

Rainforests are also responsible for the cycle of about 28% of the world's oxygen. Often tropical rainforests is also called the "lungs of the Earth." However, this is not entirely true, because contrary to popular belief, firstly, the vast majority of the oxygen produced by cyan bacteria in the composition of marine plankton, and secondly, the process of circulation of oxygen confused with its production. Tropical rain forests, as well as other existing forests absorb and emit about the same amount of oxygen and carbon - oxygen is consumed selected trees with rotting leaves and wood, used for breathing animals living in it, and so on. Some researchers believe that most of the rain forest, on the contrary, produce carbon dioxide. However, these forests play a significant role in the turnover of carbon dioxide because they are well-established major carbon pools, so cutting down these forests leads to an increase in carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, contributing to the greenhouse effect.

Rainforests are often reduced and cinchona plantations of coffee trees, coconut palms, rubber plants. In South America to tropical rain forests is also a serious threat to the unsustainable extraction of minerals.