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Задания по теме Quantifiers
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| Вложение | Размер |
|---|---|
 Clauses | 61.39 КБ |
| Conditionals | 172.22 КБ |
| Future tenses | 60.17 КБ |
| Infinitive, ing-form | 257.56 КБ |
| Passive voice | 284.13 КБ |
| Past tenses | 1.04 МБ |
| Present tenses | 61.16 КБ |
| Reported speech | 96.33 КБ |
| Reading rules | 112.72 КБ |
| English Sentence | 62.46 КБ |
| Modal verbs | 93.35 КБ |
| Noun | 140.1 КБ |
| Adverbs | 81.86 КБ |
| Articles | 237.62 КБ |
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Relative clauses Pronoun/adverb Refer to Translation Who People Который Which Things Который That People, things Который Whose People, animals, objects Чей When Time Когда Where Place Где Why reason Почему
Relative clauses
Clauses of purpose Positive purpose Negative purpose To/in order to/so as to + V So that ___ can / will V So that ___ could / would V With the view to + Ving With the aim of + Ving For + Ving In case ____ Present In case ____ Past So as not to + V In order not to + V So that ___ can’t / won’t V So that ___ couldn’t / wouldn’t V For fear/lest ( чтобы не ) __ might/should V For fear of + N / Ving Prevent + N / Ving Avoid + Ving
Clauses of reason
Clauses of result
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If clause Main clause Type 0 If / when ___ Present Simple ___ Present Simple If/ when polluted water is not filtered, it is dangerous for our health. Type 1 If ___ Present Simple ___ Future Simple (will V) Imperative (V / don’t V) ___ modal verb + V If she does well at the interview, she will get the job. Type 2 If ___ Past Simple If ___ Past Continuous ___ Would / could / might + V I would become a singer if I had a good voice. If I were you, I would stay in tonight. Type 3 If ___ Past Perfect If ___ Past Perfect Continuous ____ Would / could / might + have V 3 / V ed If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.
Usage Type 0 Общепринятый или научный факт Type 1 Реальная или вероятная ситуация в будущем Type 2 Воображаемая ситуация, которая маловероятна для настоящего и будущего Type 3 Нереальная ситуация в прошлом Сожаление Критика
NB! Unless = if not I won’t tell you anything unless you promise to keep it a secret. In type 2 were is used instead of was
If = Providing provided that as long as on condition that but for + Ving / N Otherwise or else what if Supposing even if only if
Only if Only if , Only if you are dressed formally, will you be allowed in.
Put the verb into the correct form If I noticed someone following me, I … (call) for help. If people … (enjoy) their job, they work better. Unless you … (stop) eating junk food, you won’t lose weight. If you … (ask) me, I would have helped you. If we all plant trees, forests … (not/disappear). If we all used bicycles, there … (not/be) so much pollution. I … (miss) the bus if I had woken up late this morning. If I … (be) you, I would go to the doctor. If it … (be) sunny tomorrow, I’ll go to the park. If you put ice into the water, it … (float).
Wishes выражение желания/сожаления I wish … If only … (хорошо бы, если бы только, вот бы) NB! Were может использоваться вместо was I wish I was / were young again.
Verb form Usage Example I wish If only ___ Past Simple ___ Past Continuous Желание изменить настоящую ситуацию I wish I was going to the concert tonight ___ Past Perfect Сожаление по поводу чего-то в прошлом If only I had not been so foolish. ___ would V Повелительное наклонение в вежливой форме Желание, чтобы ситуация или поведение кого-то изменились I wish you wouldn’t be so rude to your sister. If only you would stop arguing.
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Future Simple Usage Markers Действие, которое обязательно произойдет в будущем Обещание Угроза просьба Предположение+ предсказание Решение в момент речи Tomorrow Next month Will V ВГ - will
Future Continuous Usage Markers Действие, которое будет длиться в определенный момент в будущем Вежливый вопрос о чьих-либо планах на будущее Will be Ving ВГ - will
Future Perfect Usage Markers Действие, которое закончится к определенному моменту в будущем By 2 o’clock Will have Ved / V 3 ВГ - will
Be going to Usage Markers Планы, намерения на будущее Объективные данные (видим, знаем) + предсказания Am/is /are going to
… (you/help) me with my homework, please? I … (watch) the parade when I … (see) an old friend. Look at the traffic! I … (be) late for work again .
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В роли подлежащего E.g. Exercising is good for your health Ving
После глаголов : Admit appreciate avoid consider continue deny fancy go (for activities) imagine mind miss practise prevent quit save suggest Ving
После глаголов для выражения общего предпочтения: Ving
Ving
После глаголов: Spend Waste Lose + time/money Ving e.g. He spends an hour playing the guitar every day.
После глаголов и выражений Think of Apologise for Object to Look forward to Be/get used to In addition to Ving e.g. He apologised for being late. NB! Used to + V
После глаголов для обозначения незавершенного дейсвия Hear Listen to Notice See Watch Feel + smb Ving e.g. I saw Paul waiting for the bus.
Для выражения цели E.g. She went to the supermarket to buy some cheese. t o V
После глаголов для обозначения отношения к будущему действию другого лица Agree Appear Decide Expect Hope Plan Promise Refuse want + smb t o V e.g. I expect him to be here.
После глаголов для выражения особого предпочтения: Would love Would prefer Would like e.g. I would love to come to your party. t o V
После прилагательных для выражения отношения к определенному действию Happy Glad Sad Eager Reluctant Willing Clever Lucky Fortunate e.g. I was sad to hear you were not at the party. t o V
После наречий Too Enough Only ( неудовлетворительный результат ) e.g. she’s old enough to watch the film. t o V
После выражений Be the first Be the second Be the last Be the next e.g. She was the first person to call me on my birthday. t o V
После глаголов Ask Decide Explain Find out Learn Want Want to know + Wh t o V e.g. She asked me when to get the tickets.
В устойчивых выражениях To tell the truth To be honest To sum up To begin with t o V
После существительных Honour Goal Way e.g. It’s an honour to take part in this festival. t o V
В конструкциях So + adjective + as e.g. Would you be so kind as to help me with the door? For + noun / pronoun e.g. It was unusual for John to speak so rudely. t o V
NB! Dare ( осмелиться ) Dare (угроза, предупреждение) Dare (вызов) ( t o ) V t o V V
После модальных глаголов Can May Should Must Will V
После глаголов для выражения завершенного действия Let Make See Hear Watch Notice feel + smb V NB! be made be heard be seen t o V
После выражений Had better Would rather V
NB! Help + (t o) V Begin Continue Intend Start + Ving / to V Advise Allow Encourage Permit Require + Ving / smb to V
NB! Need Require Want + Ving / to V / to be V 3 Be advised Be allowed Be encouraged Be permitted Be required + t o V
Разница в значении Forget (забывать о событии в прошлом) Remember ( помнить о событии в прошлом ) Mean (подразумевать, предполагать) Regret (сожалеть о чем-либо) Try (пытаться в качестве эксперимента) Stop (прекратить) Go on (продолжать) Want (что-то требует) Be sorry for (извиняться) Hate (не любить то, что приходиться делать) Be afraid of (бояться того, что может случиться) Forget (забыть) Remember (помнить, не забывать) Mean (намереваться, собираться) Regret (сожалеть о том, что приходиться сообщать) Try (стараться делать все возможное) Stop (остановиться на время) Go on (закончить действие и приступить к новому) Want (желать, хотеть) Be sorry (сожалеть) Hate (испытывать неудовольствие по поводу предстоящего действия) Be afraid (бояться, сомневаться) Ving t o V
Put the verbs into the correct form (V/to V/ Ving ) I heard him … (talk) on the phone. Sue promised … (study) harder. She was the first person … (call) me on my birthday. After … (do) the household chores, I always relax. The man refused … (answer) the policeman’s question. You should … ( practise ) more. I would love … (come) to your party. I was upset … (not/see) you at the party. I didn’t see Paul … (get) on the bus. She was seen … (speak) to flowers in her garden. You must avoid … (eat) junk food. I’m looking forward to … (receive) a letter from you.
If you can’t fix it yourself, I suggest … (call) a plumber. I used to … (play) volleyball. There is no use … (try) to talk to him. I don’t know how … (drive) a car. Let’s … (eat) out tonight. I’d rather … (walk) in the park. You should … (pay) more attention in class. There is no point in … (complain). Let’s stop …. (eat) something. Did he go on … (talk) all afternoon? You didn’t remember … (post) the letters. I heard some people … (talk) about this.
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Form Be + V3
To be Present Simple (am, is, are) Present Continuous (am/ is/ are being) Present Perfect (have/has been) Past Simple (was, were) Past Continuous (was/were being) Past Perfect (had been) Future Simple (will be ) Modal verb + be Be going to + be
Subject Verb Object Subject Verb Agent Ann painted a portrait A portrait was painted by Ann
Prepositions By + the agent With + instrument/ material / ingredient
Agent может быть опущен, если выражен They He Someone/somebody People One …
У глаголов, имеющих два дополнения, можно образовать 2 модели страдательного залога Bring Tell Send Show Teach Promise Sell Read Offer Give Lend Tom will send Ann a gift 1. Ann will be sent a gift 2. A gift will be sent to Ann by Tom
Questions Who? Whom? Which? + by e.g. Who were you given this book by ?
Verbs in Passive: Hear Help + to V Make See e.g. She made me lie. I was made to lie
Causative Have/get + object + V 3
Действие совершается не лицом, обозначенным подлежащим, а кем-то другим за или для него She has clothes designed Have изменяется по временам
Make + object + V Get + object + to V Have + object + V
Rewrite the sentences using Causative form The decorator is painting Julie’s house. The hairdresser is cutting Jimmy’s hair. Someone fixed his computer for him. The mechanic is going to repair David’s car tomorrow. Someone has delivered pizza to Norman. Does someone mow your lawn? Will the secretary type your letter? Is someone going to test his eyes today? Did someone replace your broken window?
Causative The hairdresser is cutting Jimmy’s hair. Someone fixed his computer for him. The mechanic is going to repair David’s car tomorrow. Someone has delivered pizza to Norman. Does someone mow your lawn? Passive voice Mary made tea. She is washing the clothes. Phillip will send Ann a gift. You mustn’t drop litter in the street. The workers have not delivered the fridge yet.
Passive voice Mary made tea. She is washing the clothes. Phillip will send Ann a gift. You mustn’t drop litter in the street. The workers have not delivered the fridge yet. Millions of people have visited the museum so far. They estimate this building to be 200 years old. How often should I feed the cat? After the builders had built the Tower, it began to lean. They are delivering the sofa now.
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Past Simple Usage Markers Yesterday Last night / week … Two months ago In 1988 Was / were ВГ – не нужен
Past Simple Usage Markers Однократное действие в прошлом I called Tina yesterday morning. Последовательные действия в прошлом She woke up, put some clothes on and ran out of the house. Yesterday Last night / week … Two months ago In 1988 Ved / V 2 ВГ - did
liv e – lived C r y – cried Pr a y – prayed Skip – skipped Trave l - travelled Spelling of Ved
Произношение
Past Continuous Usage Markers Длительное действие в прошлом It was raining when we got up. Длительное действие, которое происходило в прошлом и было прервано другим действием He was reading his essay when he noticed a mistake Одновременно протекающие действия в прошлом While she was sleeping her mum was talking on the phone. yesterday while when All day/morning … was/were + Ving ВГ – was/were
Past Perfect Usage Markers Однократное действие в прошлом, которое произошло до другого действия в прошлом Bob had fallen asleep before his parents returned home. Действие, которое завершилось в прошлом, при описании его результата He had argued with a friend and he felt miserable. Before After Already Just Till/until When By By the time Never For since Had Ved / V 3 ВГ - had
Past Perfect Continuous Usage Markers Длительное действие в прошлом, которое произошло до другого действия в прошлом He had been living in the city for ten years before he moved. Действие, которое длилось в прошлом, при описании его результата Tony had been working for many hours so he was tired. Before For Since Till/until How long Had been Ving ВГ - had
Name the tense and its form Actions that were happening at the same time in the past Action that was in progress at a stated time in the past Action that was happening when another action interrupted it Action happened before another action in the past Action that shows the duration of a past action happening before another past action
How long … (you/ wait) before the bus arrived? I … (think) about him when he … (call). James … (come) to the kitchen and … (drink) some water. Harry … (drive) along the road when a huge creature … (come) out. Linda … (watch) the film while I … (play) on computer. Susan … (be) happy because she … (win) the 1 st prize in the art competition. What … (you/do) at 10 o’clock yesterday morning? Ed … (never/hear) about the Loch Ness Monster before we … (go) to Scotland. Bill … (work) as a doctor for five years before he … (become) an actor. As I … (drive) to the office, my car … (break) down. Put the verb into correct Past tense
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Present Simple Usage Markers Действие происходит регулярно Привычки Расписание Законы природы Глаголы состояния Every hour/ day… Always Often Sometimes …. V/ V s ВГ – do/does
Present Continuous Usage Markers Действие происходит в данный момент Запланированное действие на ближайшее будущее Раздражение по поводу повторяющегося действия Now At the moment At present These days today Am/is/are Ving ВГ am/is/are
Difference in meaning Present simple Present Continuous Think Have / has See Taste Smell Fit Am /is / are thinking Am/ is /are having a good time Am/ is /are having lunch Am/ is /are having a bath Am/ is /are seeing Am/ is /are tasting Am/ is /are smelling Am/ is /are fitting
Present Perfect Usage Markers Действие произошло в прошлом, есть результат в настоящем Действие произошло недавно Действие началось в прошлом и длится до сих пор, но это глагол состояния Recently Just Already Yet For Since Ever never Have/has Ved / V3 ВГ – have/has
Present Perfect Continuous Usage Markers Действие началось в прошлом и длится до сих пор , есть результат и промежуток времени Действие длилось в прошлом есть результат в настоящем For Since How long Have/has been Ving ВГ – have/has
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say + (that) --- === Say to smb (pronoun) (that) --- === Tell smb (pronoun) (that) --- === Say + to V Speak/talk about Say-tell
say hello, good morning, something, so, a prayer, a few words, no more, for certain/ for sure tell The truth, a lie, a story, a secret, a joke, the time, the difference, one from another, smb one’s name, smb the way, smb so, smb’s fortune ask a question, a favour , the price, after somebody, the time, around, for something/ somebody Say-tell
Agree boast ( хвастать ) claim complain deny exclaim explain + that / to smb how to V inform smb promise Reported verbs
Pronouns Verbs Time expressions Change
Прямая речь Косвенная речь Present Simple Past Simple Present Continuous Past Continuous Present Perfect Past Perfect Past Simple Past Simple / Past Perfect Past Continuous Past Continuous / Past Perfect Continuous Future Simple Future in the Past Past reported statements
Прямая речь Косвенная речь can Could ( момент речи) Would be able to (будущее время) may Might / could Have to Had to Must Must/Had to Needn’t Didn’t need to/ didn’t have to ( наст) Wouldn’t have to ( будущее) Не изменяются: would, could, used to, mustn’t, should, might, ought to, had better Modal verbs
Прямая речь Косвенная речь now then, immediately today yesterday yesterday the day before, the previous day tomorrow the next day, the following day this week that week last week the week before, the previous week Next week The week after, the following week ago Before Here there Time expressions
NB! agree, demand, offer, promise, refuse, threaten, claim + to V Advise, allow, ask, beg, command, encourage, forbid, instruct, invite, order, permit, remind, urge ( подстегивать ), warn, want + smb + toV Accuse smb of, apologise for, admit (to), boast about/of, complain about/of, deny, insist on, suggest + Ving
1. Who is that boy? She asked me who that boy was. 2. Have you ever been to London? She asked me if/ whether I had been to London. NB! Прямой порядок слов Reported Questions
Could you tell me … Do you know … I wonder … + Wh / if/whether --- === I want to know … I doubt … NB! Прямой порядок слов Indirect questions
Ask + to V/ Ving Suggest + Ving / that --- === Beg + to V Reported requests / suggestions
Advise Order + smb + (not) + to V tell Reported orders / commands
REPORT the following I have passed all my exams. Take some aspirin . I can’t get the Internet to work. Where did you get your training? I find this sculptor unique. What is the worst thing about your job? Don’t do any sports until it gets better. Do you know where the museum is? I’ll take you to the airport later. You should see a doctor now .
REPORT the following I have passed all my exams. Take some aspirin. ( remind) I can’t get the Internet to work. Where did you get your training? I find this sculptor unique. What is the worst thing about your job? Don’t do any sports until it gets better. Do you know where the museum is? I’ll take you to the airport later. You should see a doctor now. (suggest)
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The Secrets of Good English Pronunciation 26 letters 44 sounds 24 consonants 20 vowels
Consonants Похожие на русские согласные Отличающиеся от русских согласных Нет в русском языке
Vowels
Reading rules of vowels Алфавитное название гласных В конце слога находится Гласная Согласная Гласная + r (+ согласная) Гласная + r + e a [ e ɪ ] [ e ɪ ] Kate [ æ ] cat [a:] car [ ɛǝ ] hare o [ ǝu ] [ ǝu ] rose [ ɔ ] dog [ ɔ: ] fork [ ɔ: ] more u [ ju :] [ ju :] tube [ ʌ ] bus [ ǝ: ] turkey [ ju ǝ ] pure e [ i :] [ i :] Pete [e] pet [ ǝ: ] perfume [ ɪǝ ] here i /y [ a ɪ ] / [ wa ɪ ] [ a ɪ ] Mike, fly [ ɪ ] pig, system [ ǝ: ] bird [ aɪǝ ] fire
Read the words Bug Hook Flax Hedge Grip Fringe Wedge Chuck Match Gull Gust Yelk Tryst shrimp Quell Quest Squash Watch Thrill Thin Math Swing Sink Trunk Whole Fume Throne Rise these
Knot Knick Wreck
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« + » .
«-» ВГ not
« ? » ( Wh ) ВГ ?
Краткие ответы Yes, ВГ местоимение
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Форма не меняется Модальный глагол + инфинитив без to В «-» и «?» предложениях стоят на месте ВГ Модальный глагол + простой инфинитив (V) = действие в настоящем/будущем Модальный глагол + перфектный инфинитив (have V 3 ) = действие в прошлом
Формы инфинитива Simple Continuous Perfect Perfect continuous Sleep Be sleeping Have slept Have been sleeping
Обязательство/долг/необходимость Must –должен (правило/закон/субъективно) Have to – должен (по обстоятельствам) Should/ ought to – следует NB! Had to (past form)
Отсутствие необходимости Don’t have to/ don’t need to/ needn’t NB! Didn’t have to (past form) NB! Didn’t need to / have to – не было необходимости и это не произошло I didn’t need to wake up early. Needn’t have V 3 – не было необходимости, но это произошло I needn’t have taken an umbrella with me. (I did)
Разрешение Попросить разрешение/ дать разрешение Can May ( более формально) Can / May I borrow your pen? Yes, you can / may.
Запрет Mustn’t / can’t (запрещено законом, правилами) You mustn’t / can’t talk loudly in the library.
Возможность Can ( общая, теоретическая возможность ) Could/ may/ might + V ( возможность в определенной ситуации ) Could /might/ would + have V 3 ( действие было возможно в прошлом, но не произошло ) NB! May не употребляется в «?» предложениях
Способность/неспособность Can – физическая / умственная способность ( в настоящем ) could / was able to (в прошлом)
Логические умозаключения Must – I’m sure May/ might / could – it’s possible Can’t / couldn’t – it’s impossible John has fallen asleep. He must be really tired. Someone let the cat out. It might have been Sam.
Критические замечания Could + V ( настоящее время ) мог бы Could + have V 3 (прошедшее время) мог бы Should / Ought to – следовало бы You could be polite to her. She ought to stop wasting her parents money.
Предложения Can / would / shall Can I bring you smth else? What else would you like? Shall I pick you up from work? Can / could We can rent a DVD. We could go on a picnic.
Вероятность Will (100 %) He will marry her. Should / ought to (90 %) – возможно They ought to be here soon.
Совет Should / ought to – совет общего характера You should recycle. Shall - просьба о совете Shall I complain to the manager?
Договоренность Be supposed to = should – кто-то ожидает, что ты сделаешь I’m supposed to hand in my essay tomorrow. Be to = must – кто-то требует, что ты сделаешь They are to be there by 2 o’clock.
Have to Must Mustn’t Can May Can’t Don’t have to Don’t need to Needn’t Should Ought to
Write the correct modal verb. You … park here. (It’s forbidden) He … be at home. (I don’t think) You … to use natural fertilizers. (It’s a good idea) You … take the photographs here. (It’s allowed) They … turn up later. (it’s possible) …I switch the light off, please? (I ask for permission) One … turn his TV off when not watching it. (it’s advisable) The cactus … be watered very often. (it’s not necessary) You … drop litter in the streets. (It’s against the rule) I … speak Italian fluently. (I’m able to)
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Morphological Structure
Semantic characteristic
Number of noun .
Plural form.
Plural form. Pronunciation
Plural form of compound noun. Как правило, мн. ч. составных сущ. образуется путем прибавления – s к ключевому слову: Editor-in-chief – editors-in-chief, looker-on – lookers-on, brother-in-law – brothers-in-law В некоторых составных сущ. мн.ч. принимает последнее слово: lady-bird – lady-birds E сли в составном сущ нет корневого сущ , - s прибавляется к последнему элементу: forget-me-not – forget-me-nots, merry-go-round – merry-go-rounds Когда первым словом является man или woman , мн.ч. используется дважды: woman doctor – women doctors
Существительные только в единственном числе Неисчисляемыми существительными: gold , music , blood excitement friendship water milk health . Названия наук: mathematics physics economics athletics gymnastics politics electronics Некоторые сущ-ые являются неисчисляемыми в англ-м языке, но являются исчисляемыми в других языках: behaviour , permission , scenery , work , bread , trouble , news , weather , chaos, accommodation , information , progress , travel , baggage , advice , furniture , luggage , traffic Иногда мы употребляем существительное во множественном числе с глагольной формой в единственном числе. Это происходит, когда речь идет о сумме денег, отрезке времени, расстоянии и т.д.: Ten thousand pounds (= it) was stolen from the safe. ( но не `were stolen'). Thirty miles is a very long way to walk. (но не ` are ') ! Требуют глагол в ед. ч.
Существительные только во множественном числе Мы употребляем некоторые сущ-ые только во мн.ч., хотя используется a pair of ...с этими словами: trousers jeans shorts pyjamas tights scissors binoculars stockings glasses spectacles clothes wages scales goods Следующие сущ-ые в ед . ч . часто употребляются с глагольной формой для мн . ч .: government staff team family club audience committee company firm class jury orchestra Мы часто воспринимаем эти слова, как относящиеся к группе людей ( they ), а не к одному человеку: The government (= they) are hoping to reduce taxes. Мы обычно употребляем глагол во мн.ч. с названиями спортивных команд: Liverpool are/is playing well this season. Но со словом the police мы всегда употребляем глагольную форму мн.ч.: The police are looking for Tom. !Требуют глагол во мн.ч.
Некоторые слова оканчиваются на - s и могут выступать как в ед., так и во мн . ч. means a means of communication – many means of communication series a series of stamps – two series of stamps species a species of bird – 200 species of bird
Case of noun
Possessive case +‘s +‘ Для ед.ч. и мн.ч. без – s e.g. the boy ’s table children ’s table Для мн.ч. e.g. the boys ’ table
Possessive case Dependent. Употребление Absolute . Употребление Притяж. падеж имеют одушев . сущ. в значении «владение, обладание»; «часть целого» : E.g. Ann’s flat Имеют сущ , обознач . «время» : E.g. hour’s delay В устойчивых выражениях: for heaven’s (God’s) sake, to one’s heart’s delight, at one’s wit’s end, a stone’s throw В значении «место» : E.g. at doctor’s Для анафоры E.g. Mrs Lee’s face resembled to her brother’s . Для избежания повтора слова : E.g. This is my room and Peter’s .
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Adverbs of degree Наречия степени Стоят перед прилагательными и наречиями
Adverbs of frequency Стоят перед основным глаголом Стоят после ВГ Стоят после “to be” always (100%) Usually (75%) Often (50%) Sometimes (25%) Never (0%)
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Неопределенный артикль A / an Определенный артикль The Исчисляемое сущ. в ед. ч . Предмет упоминается впервые Группа людей, животных, вещей A dog is a domestic animal. (all dogs) В значении “ один ” Three times a week Исчисляемое/ неисчисляемое сущ. в ед. и мн. ч. Определенные, и звестные обоим говорящим предмет или лицо The cat on the sofa is black
The Единственное в своем роде The moon, the sun Театры, кинотеатры, отели, рестораны, музеи, галереи The Globe, the Museum of Childhood Газеты, журналы The Daily Telegraph Реки, моря, океаны The Thames, the Pacific ocean Цепи гор The Alps Группа островов The British Isles Названия стран во мн.ч. / + union, kingdom, state, republic, etc The Netherlands The UK, The Russian Federation Пустыни The Gobi desert (играть) на музыкальном инструменте Play the guitar Семья ( фамилия во мн. ч.) The Browns Прилагательные, когда обозначают категорию людей The poor, the rich Исторические события The Second World War
No article Личные имена Peter, Ann Названия видов спорта, игр, дней, месяцев, цветов, напитков, блюд, языков Swimming, Friday, French Названия стран в ед. ч. Russia, Italy Названия городов Abakan Названия улиц, парков Krylov Street Названия горы, острова Mount Everest Названия озер Lake Baikal, but the Baikal Названия континентов Africa, Asia, Europe Личное имя + географическое название Glasgow airport, Jim’s café Со словами: bed, church, college, court, hospital, prison, school, university , когда они относятся к цели Go to bed (to sleep) Go to school (to learn)