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Municipal Contest of The Creative Works of The Schoolchildren
From the Municipal General Organization
Of Shatursky Municipal District.
“A Cultural Heritage of Great Britain in Foreign Language”
Individual work.
Theme: Corfe Castle.
Korobovsky lyceum.
Author: Shipova Jane
The 11 th form
Leader: Nefedova S.V.
Theacher of the English language
2012
Commentation
In this work Corfe castle was research as a cultural heritage of Great Britain. It is amazing castle with amazing history. First of all this document can be used by the teachers of English for studying the English – speaking countries. Also it can be useful for the teachers of history and geography.
Contents
Introduction………………………………………………….……..……4 стр.
The building of Corfe castle….….…………….…………..…………….4 стр.
History of Corfe castle….……………………………………………..…4 стр.
Conclusion...…………………………………………………………..…5 стр.
Bibliography……….………………………………………………….…6 стр.
Supplement 1…………………………………………………………….7 стр.
Supplement 2………………………………………………………….....8 стр.
Supplement 3…………………………………………………...………..9 стр.
Supplement 4…………………………………………………………...10 стр.
Supplement 5………………………………………………………...…11 стр.
Supplement 6…………………………………………………………...12 стр.
Supplement 7…………………………………………………………...13 стр.
Supplement 8…………………………………………………………...14 стр.
Supplement 9…………………………………………………………...15 стр.
Supplement 10………………………………………………………….16 стр.
Introduction
There are many cultural heritages in The United Kingdom. The most interesting heritage is Corfe castle. Since 1982, it has been owned by the National Trust and it is opened to the public. In 2010 received around 190,000 visitors [1]. It was a royal residence many centuries that’s why I wanted to know about it more.
The aim: - to know more about Corfe castle.
The tasks:
The building of Corfe Castle.
It stands on a natural hill guarding the principal route through the Purbeck Hills. As you can see it guards the gap between the south of Purbeck, where Purbeck marble was once quarried, and the west of England (Supplement1). Nothing could pass in or out without going past the Castle[4]. In the 10th century it was a Saxon ford. It was build from wood. In the 11th century castle was rebuilt from stone[4]. Corfe Castle is roughly triangular and divided into three parts, known as enclosures or wards[6] (Supplement2) The interior of the ruined Gloriette enclosed in the 11th century, the inner ward contained the castle's keep, also known as a donjon or great tower, which was built partly on the enclosure's curtain wall. It is uncertain when the keep was built though dates of around 1100 to 1130 have been suggested, placing it within the reign of Henry I. Attached to the keep's west face is a fore building containing a stair through which the great tower was entered. On the south side is an extension with a guardroom and a chapel. The two attachments postdate the construction of the keep itself, but were built soon after. To the east of the keep within the inner ward is a building known as the Gloriette. Only ruins are left of the Gloriette which was probably built by King John. The remains of the west bailey, the stone wall with three towers, date from 1202–1204 when it was refortified[5] (Supplement3). The castle was heavily slighted (made unsuitable for use) by Parliamentary troops afterwards to produce the evocative site we see now (Supplement4)[1].
History of Corfe castle .
The name Corfe means a pass in Old English. Corfe Castle was built on a steep chalk hill created by two streams eroding the rock either side. However, there are postholes belonging to a Saxon hall on the site.[6]
The hall may be where Edward the Martyr was assassinated in 978.[4]
A castle was founded by William the Conqueror at Corfe near England's south coast soon after the Norman Conquest of England in 1066.[6]
In the early 12th century, Henry I began the construction of a stone keep at Corfe. Progressing at a rate of 3 to 4 metres (10 to 13 ft) per year for the best part of a decade, the work was complete by 1105. [6]
By the reign of King Stephen (1135–1154) Corfe Castle was already a strong fortress with a keep and inner enclosure, both built in stone.[5] In 1139, during the civil war of Stephen's reign, Corfe withstood a siege by the king.[4] It is thought that he built a siege castle to facilitate the siege and that a series of earthworks about 290 metres (320 yd) south-south-west of Corfe Castle mark the site of the fortification.[1] The south-west gatehouse, which allowed access from the outer bailey to the west bailey, dates from the mid 13th century.
During the reign of Henry II Corfe Castle was probably not significantly changed, and records from Richard I's reign indicate maintenance rather than significant new building work.[4]
In contrast, extensive construction of other towers, halls and walls occurred during the reigns of John and Henry III. It was probably during John's reign that the Gloriette in the inner bailey was built. In the early years of his reign John faced lost Normandy to the French, and in further building work at Corfe coincided with the political disturbances later in his reign.[5]
One of the secondary roles of castles was to act as a storage facility as demonstrated by Corfe Castle; in 1224 Henry III sent to Corfe for 15,000 crossbow bolts to be used in the siege of Bedford Castle.
In December 1460, during the Wars of the Roses Edmund Beaufort and his army marched from the castle destined for the Battle of Wakefield. During the march the army split at Exeter so the cavalry could reach the north quicker and on 16 December 1460 some of his men became embroiled in the Battle of Worksop, Nottinghamshire. Beaufort and the Lancastrians won the skirmish.
The castle remained a royal fortress until sold by Elizabeth I in 1572 to her Lord Chancellor, Sir Christopher Hatton. [6]
The castle was bought by Sir John Bankes, Attorney General to Charles I, in 1635. While Bankes was in Oxford with the king his wife, Lady Mary Bankes, resided at the castle with their children. The castle was besieged twice in the Civil War. The defenders, led by Lady Bankes held out against Parliamentary troops for almost three full years until they were betrayed by one of their own number. The indomitable Lady Bankes fought on until the bitter end, locking herself in her personal chambers and throwing hot coals out the window on the attacking forces. Though she was finally induced to surrender, Lady Bankes had so impressed the Parliamentary commander with her courage that she was allowed to leave the castle with her garrison and the keys to the castle! Those keys are preserved at the Bankes family home of Kingston Lacy. The Corfe Castle Model Museum has created a replica of the castle before it was destroyed, using the same local grey limestone as that used to construct the original fortress and most of the slate-roofed cottages in the village. [6]
Conclusion
Corfe castle was researched in this work. I found that it was important part of English history. It is very interesting place, many facts from history of England happened there. Although it is destroyed it imagines still now.
Bibliography
Supplement 1
The map of Corfe Castle in 1856. Scale 1:63360 (one inch to one mile)
Supplement 2
A plan of Corfe Castle from 1586, drawn up by Ralph Treswell.
Supplement 3
Corfe castle before the destroing.
Supplement 4
Ruins of Corfe castle.
Supplement 5
William Conqueror - William I (circa 1028[1] – 9 September 1087)
Supplement 6
Edward the Martyr
Supplement 7
Henry I (c. 1068/1069 – 1 December 1135)
Supplement 8
King John (24 December 1166 – 18/19 October 1216)
Supplement 9
Sir Christopher Hatton (1540 – 20 November 1591)
Supplement 10
Lady Mary Bankes née Hawtry (c. 1598 – 11 April 1661)
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