Практическая работа по теме Using Computer
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Практическая работа  по теме Using Computer

Предтекстовые упражнения

The exercises to be done before reading the text

Упражнение 1. Прочтите слова и словосочетания и запомните их русские эквиваленты.

invent — изобретать

a breaker point ignition — прерывистое зажигание

advanced — усовершенствованный

fire the spark plug – воспламенять свечой зажигания

semiconductor — полупроводник

silicon — кремний

until - пока не

specific sequence — специальная последовательность

permanent memory — постоянная память

meet emission control levels — отвечать требованиям по ограничению уровня вредных компонентов в выхлопных газах

gas mileage - пробег в милях на галлон топлива

smooth operation — плавная работа

provide – обеспечить

onboard computer system – бортовой компьютер

hardware - аппаратная часть компьютера

software - программное обеспечение

CPU — Central Processing Unit-центральный процессор

integrated circuit — интегральная схема

ROM — read only memory — постоянная память, постоянное запоминающее устройство, ПЗУ

RAM - random access memory - оперативная память, оперативное запоминающее устройство, ОЗУ

PROM — programmable read only memory - программируемое постоянное запоминающее устройство, ППЗУ

trouble code — неисправный код

expensive—дорогостоящий

adaptive memory — адаптивная память

access — 1. поступать 2. доступ

adjustment - регулировка

breaker - прерыватель

breaker point ignition — прерывистое зажигание

capacitor — конденсатор

carry a program — выполнять программу

due to — из-за, благодаря

engine wear — износ двигателя

eraser — ластик

the ability to learn — способность запоминать (заучивать)

tiny chip — маленький чип

Упражнение 2. Прочтите слова и сопоставьте их с русскими значениями.

transform, battery, voltage, regulation, system, computer, microprocessor, transistor, diod, chip, material, electricity, magnetic, program, defective, limit, compensate, variation, code.

Упражнение 3. Переведите слова, обращая внимание на суффиксы и префиксы. 

ignite — ignition, transform — transformation, regulate — regulation, break — breaker, conduct — conductor, process — processor, specify - specific, adapt — adapter — adaptive, expense -expensive, adjust — adjustment, connect — disconnect, learn - relearn.

Прочтите и переведите текст, а затем выполните следующие за ним упражнения.

Using Computer

     Ever since the car was first invented, a breaker point ignition has been used to transform battery voltage into 20,000 volts to fire the spark plugs. With government intervention and regulation, more advanced system was needed. This system had to meet emission control levels, gas mileage, and provide a smooth and continuous operation. The answer was found in an on-board computer system. The computer mounted on modern cars has two components. One is the hardware and the other is the software.

     The computer hardware on an automobile uses a Central Processing Unit (CPU), which, when made in an integrated circuit, is referred I о as a microprocessor. The integrated circuit (IС) combines transistors, diodes, and capacitors, which are placed on a tiny chip of semiconductor material that is smaller and thinner that an eraser on a pencil. The material used most of the time is silicon. Silicon, like any semiconductor, does not conduct electricity until either voltage, a magnetic field, heat, or light is directed to the semiconductor. A program instructs the microprocessor what to do.

     The computer software on a car carries a program. The program (ells the computer what to do, and when to do it in a specific sequence. The program is stored in a permanent memory, which is referred to as Read Only Memory (ROM).The computer knows only what is placed in its memory.

     There is another variation, which is called the Programmable Read Only Memory (PROM), which can be readily removed und replaced, while the ROM cannot. This makes it less expensive if the memory becomes defective. Only the PROM has to be

replaced, not the entire microprocessor. The microprocessor contains a ROM (or PROM) and a RAM. RAM stands for Randon Access Memory, which can be accessed without going through a specific sequence. The technician interfaces with the RAM whenever trouble codes are accessed. Not all computerized ignition systems have trouble codes, however. Some computers have the ability to learn. This is referred to as an adaptive memory. When a value falls outside of a specified limit, due to engine wear, the adaptive memory makes a slight adjustment in the program to compensate. The car must be driven from 20 to 30 miles, as it takes the computer this long to learn. Any time that power is disconnected from the computer, it will have to relearn everything.

Послетекстовые упражнения

The exercises to be done after reading the text

Упражнение 4. Найдите в тексте ответы на вопросы. 

1.How many components has the computer on modern cars? What are they?

2.How do we call the computer hardware on the automobile?

3.What does an integrated circuit combine?

4.What material is used in the integrated circuit? Why?

5.What does the computer software do?

6.Why is the computer used on board the car?

7.What does the program tell to the computer?

8.Where is the program stored?

9.What is ROM?

10.What is PROM?

11.What is RAM?

Упражнение 5. Переведите на английский язык.

1.Многие современные автомобили оборудованы бортовыми компьютерными системами для лучшей работы автомобиля.

 2.Программа такого компьютера имеет только два запоминающих устройства: постоянную память (ПЗУ) и оперативную память (ОЗУ).

3.Компьютерная программа сообщает компьютеру, что надо делать и когда необходимо выполнить данное действие в соответствующей последовательности.

4.Программа хранится в постоянной памяти компьютера.

5.Микропроцессор содержит в себе постоянную и оперативную память.

6. Некоторые компьютеры обладают способностью запоминать (заучивать). Это относится к адаптивной памяти.

Упражнение 6. Прочтите диалог, а затем выполните  

DIALOGUE

Anton: What is the purpose of using computers on board the car?

Vlad: You see. As I know computer is used to advance the engine operation as well as the performance of other units.

A.: What components does the on-board computer consist of?

V.: It consists of two components. One is the hardware and the other is the software.

A.: What is hardware?

V.: The computer hardware uses a Central Processing Unit (CPU) which is referred to as a microprocessor.

A.: What is software?

V.: The computer software on a car carries a program. The program tells the computer what to do and when to do it.

A.: And where is the program stored?

V.: It is stored in a permanent memory which is called Read Only Memory (ROM).

A.: And what is Programmable Read Only Memory (PROM)? What is the difference between ROM and PROM?

V.: In case the memory becomes defective PROM can be readily removed and replaced, while ROM cannot.

A.: And what is RAM?

V.: RAM is Random Access Memory (main memory), which can be accessed without going through a specific sequence. The technician interfaces with RAM whenever trouble codes are accessed.

A.: Thanks a lot for your explanation.

V.: You are welcome. See you later.

A.: Goodbye.

Упражнение 7. Разыграйте диалог в паре.