Дидактические материалы по английскому языку для учащихся 7-11 классов

Подоксенова Елена Николаевна

Дидактические материалы по английскому языку для учащихся 7-11 классов

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СЛОВООБРАЗОВАНИЕ КАК СЛОЖНЫЙ ЭЛЕМЕНТ АНГЛИЙСКОГО ЯЗЫКА (WORD-BUILDING)

     В ходе обучения иностранному языку, в частности, английскому, у студентов возникает масса вопросов при переводе слов той или иной части речи. В связи с этим необходимо остановиться на основных способах словообразования в английском языке.

     В современном английском языке имеется несколько способов словообразования:

1) конверсия (образование новых слов без изменения их написания и произношения)

2) словосложение (образование нового слова путем сложения двух слов в одно)

3) изменение ударения в слове (и получение нового слова другой части речи).

4) аффиксация (прибавление к корню суффикса или префикса)

Конверсия как способ словообразования. Словосложение. Изменение ударения.

Иногда слово может менять свое значение и выполнять новую синтаксическую функцию в предложении, не изменяя при этом написания и произношения (конверсия). Наиболее распространенным является образование глаголов от существительных: master (хозяин) - to master (управлять), house (дом) - to house (размещать), water (вода) - to water (поливать). Но глаголы могут быть образованы и от прилагательных: empty (пустой) - to empty (опустошать) white (белый) - to white (белить).

Словосложение - это объединение полнозначных слов или их основ в сложное слово. Вновь образованное сложное слово пишется слитно или через дефис: airfield - аэродром (air - воздух, field - поле), air-base - авиабаза (air - воздух, base - база), airman - авиатор (air - воздух, man - мужчина), schoolday - школьный день (school - школа, day - день), birthplace - место рождения (birth - рождение, place - место).

Сложные слова могут состоять из двух существительных, первое из которых приобретает значение прилагательного. В этом случае слова пишутся отдельно. Например: service dress - форменная одежда, одежда для службы (service - служба, dress - платье), shop window - витрина (shop - магазин, window - окно), skim milk - снятое молоко (to skim - снимать (накипь и т.д.), milk - молоко).

Многие существительные совпадают по форме с глаголами, но отличаются ударением. Как правило, в существительных ударение падает на первый слог, а в соответствующих глаголах - на второй: export (экспорт) - to export (экспортировать) present (подарок) - to present (дарить).

Словообразование с помощью аффиксации.

Образование новых слов может происходить при помощи присоединения к основе слова суффиксов или префиксов (приставок). Префиксы присоединяются к корню слова в начале, а суффиксы - в конце. Слова, образованные с помощью префиксов или суффиксов, в отличие от простых слов, называются производными.

Самым продуктивным является этот вид словообразования. В ходе обучения английскому языку уделяется большое внимание этому способу словосложения.

Префиксы, как и суффиксы, могут присоединяться к различным частям речи, изменяя при этом значение основы слова, например: happy (счастливый) - unhappy (несчастный) - happiness (счастье) - happily (счастливо); help (помощь) - helper (помощник) - helpful (полезный) - helpless (беспомощный).

           Наиболее употребительные приставки (префиксы) и их значения:

 1. Префикс со значением “снова”, “заново”, “вновь”, “пере”:

re-      

to construct (строить) - to reconstruct (перестроить), to read (читать) - to reread (перечитать), to write (писать) - to rewrite (переписать)

2. Префиксы, которые придают слову противоположное значение или обозначают противоположное действие:

un-       dis-       de-       anti-     counter-

contra-      

to dress (одеваться) - to undress (раздеваться), to tie (связывать) - to untie (развязывать) 

to appear (появляться) - to disappear (исчезать)

formation (формирование) - deformation (деформация)

fascist (фашист) - anti-fascist (антифашист)

attack (атака) - counterattack (контратака)

to  contradict (противоречить, возражать)

3. Префиксы, имеющие отрицательное значение:

a-

ab-

un-        

im-        in-        

ir-         il-    dis-       mis-      non-    

amoral (аморальный, безнравственный)

absent (отсутствующий),  abnormal (ненормальный)

kind (добрый) - unkind (недобрый)

possible (возможный) - impossible (невозможный)

ability (способность) - inability (неспособность)

regular (регулярный) - irregular (нерегулярный) 

legal (легальный) - illegal (нелегальный) 

honest (честный) - dishonest (нечестный),

to understand (понимать) - to misunderstand (неправильно понять)

interference (вмешательство) - non-interference (невмешательство)

! NOTE !

Приставка, которая начинается на “i” изменяется в зависимости от того, какая за ней стоит буква: il + l, ir + r, im + b, m, p.

 

4. Префиксы, имеющие значение “сверх”, “пере”, “чрезмерно”:

over- super-  ultra-

extra-  

to pay (платить) - to overpay (переплатить)

human (человеческий) - superhuman (сверхчеловеческий) 

short (короткий) - ultra-short (ультракороткий)

extraordinary (необычный)

5.        Префиксы со значением “между”, “взаимно”:

со-      

inter-  

existence (существование) - co-existence (сосуществование)

national (национальный) - international (интернациональный)

6.        Префиксы, которые переводятся как

а)        “перед”:

рге-

fore-    

war (война) - pre-war (довоенный), historic (исторический) - prehistoric (доисторический)

to foresee (предвидеть)

б)        “после”:

post-    

war (война,) - post-war (послевоенный), revolutionary (революционный) - post-revolutionary (послереволюционный)

в)        “недостаточно”, “недо-“:

under-

to pay (платить) - to underpay (оплачивать низко, т.е. недостаточно оплачивать, недоплачивать), production (производство)  -  underproduction (недопроизводство)

г)        “под”:

sub-      

division (разделение) - subdivision (подразделение), committee (комиссия, комитет) -   subcommittee (подкомиссия)

д)        “экс”, “бывший”:

ex-      

champion (чемпион) - ex-champion (бывший чемпион)

е)        само-, авто-

auto-

autobiography (автобиография), automatic (автоматический) 

ж)        полу-

semi-

semifinal (полуфинал), semicircle (полукруг)

з)        через-, транс-

trans-

transatlantic (трансатлантический)

и)        вверх, кверху, наверху

up-

upstairs (вверх по лестнице), upside (верхняя часть), to uproot (вырывать с корнем)

к)        двойной, два, дважды

bi-

bilingual (двуязычный), bi-monthly (выходящий два раза в месяц)

л)        имеющий дело с книгами

bibli(o)-

bibliography (библиография)

м)        относящийся к жизни

bio-

biography (биография)

н)        второстепенное значение

by-

by-street (переулок, улочка)

о)        много-, мульти-, поли-

multi-

poly-

multicolored (многоцветный), multimillionaire (мультимиллионер)

polyglot (полиглот), polytechnic (политехнический)

п)        второстепенное значение

by-

by-street (переулок, улочка)

7. Префикс глагола, имеющий значение “делать”:

en-      

large (большой) - to enlarge (увеличивать, делать больше), danger (опасность) - to endanger (подвергать опасности), force (сила) - to enforce (принуждать, настаивать)

Основные суффиксы существительных:

1. Суффиксы, обозначающие принадлежность к

а)        политическому направлению профессии или нации:

-ist  

-an, -ian          

Communist (коммунист), Marxist (марксист}, materialist (материалист); 

artist (художник), typist (машинистка), pianist (пианист), historian (историк), librarian (библиотекарь), musician (музыкант); Russian (русский), Bulgarian (болгарин)

2. Суффикс, обозначающий учение, теорию, качество:

-ism      

marxism (марксизм), heroism (героизм)

3. Суффиксы, обозначающие действующее лицо, его занятие или должность:

-ег, -or

-ee, -eer        

to teach (учить) - teacher (учитель), to direct (руководить) - director (руководитель)

employee (служащий), refugee (беженец, эмигрант), auctioneer (аукционер), 

 4.        Суффикс, обозначающий результат действия:

-ment

-ade

achievement (достижение), agreement (согласие), government (правительство)

lemonade (лимонад), blockade (блокада)

5.        Суффиксы, обозначающие

а)        состояние:

-hood

-ship

-cy, -acy

brotherhood (братство), childhood (детство), manhood (мужественность)

dictatorship (диктатура), friendship (дружба), leadership (руководство)

accuracy (точность), infancy (младенчество), supremacy (превосходство)

б)        действие, состояние:

-age      

-ing    

-ence    

-ance  

-ion, -tion    

-ition, -ation

-sion    

-al  

shortage (нехватка), marriage (брак, супружество), voyage (путешествие) 

hunting (охота),  crossing (пересечение,  перекресток),  living (житье) 

silence (молчание), difference (различие)

importance (важность), resistance (сопротивление)

collection (собрание, коллекция), dictation (диктант, диктовка)

competition (соревнование), hesitation (сомнение, колебание)

decision (решение) 

removal ( удаление), arrival (прибытие), refusal (отказ), approval (одобрение) 

в) качество или состояние:

-dom  

-ness  

-ty            

freedom (свобода), kingdom (королевство), wisdom (мудрость) 

coldness (холод),  darkness  (темнота),  kindness (доброта), weakness (слабость) 

activity (активность), safety (безопасность)

г) место действия, занятие или состояние

-ery

bakery (булочная), surgery (кабинет хирурга), cookery (кулинария), slavery (рабство)

д) род занятий, отрасль науки

-ics

physics (физика), politics (политика)

Основные суффиксы прилагательных:

1.        Суффикс, образующий прилагательные от существительных и обозначающий национальную принадлежность или слабую степень качества:

-ese

-ish

Chinese (китаец, китайский), Japanese (японец, японский)

Pole (поляк) - Polish (польский), Scott (шотландец) - Scottish (шотландский)

red (красный) - reddish (красноватый), child (ребенок) - childish (ребячливый, детский)

2.        Суффиксы, образующие прилагательные от глаголов и обозначающие наличие качества:

-ive

-ent

-ant      

to act (действовать) - active (активный), to talk (разговаривать) – talkative (разговорчивый) 

to differ (различать) - different (различный), to insist (настаивать) - insistent (настойчивый) to observe (наблюдать, замечать) - observant (наблюдательный, внимательный)

3.        Суффиксы, образующие прилагательные от существительных
и обозначающие
наличие качества, свойства:

-ic    

-al

-ful

-ous  

-у                        

base (основа) - basic (основной), economy (экономика) - economic (экономический)

centre (центр) - central (центральный)

culture (культура) - cultural (культурный), beauty (красота) - beautiful (красивый)

peace (мир) - peaceful (мирный), fame (слава) - famous (знаменитый)

cloud (облако) - cloudy (облачный), sun (солнце) - sunny (солнечный)

4.        Суффиксы, образующие прилагательные от различных частей
речи и обозначающие

а)        качество, свойство:

-аrу

-огу          

element (элемент) - elementary (элементарный)

illusion (иллюзия) - illusory (обманчивый, иллюзорный)

б)        способность что-либо сделать, состояние, качество:

-able  

- ible        

to change (изменить) - changeable (изменчивый)

to eat (есть) - eatable (съедобный), reason (разум) - reasonable (разумный)

 

в)        отсутствие качества:

-less

useless (бесполезный), windless (безветренный)

Основные суффиксы глаголов:

-ate

-en      

-fy, -ify

-ize, -ise

active (активный) - to activate (активизировать)

short (короткий) - to shorten (укоротить)

pure (чистый) - to purify (очищать), simple (простой) - to simplify (упрощать)

character (характер) - to characterize (характеризовать)

Основные суффиксы наречий

Суффиксы, образующие наречия от

а) прилагательных, иногда - существительных, порядковых числительных и причастий:

-ly        

bad (плохой) - badly (плохо), part (часть) - partly (частично), first (первый) - firstly (во-первых)

б) существительных и наречий и обозначающие направление (или направленность):

-wards

-ward      

North (север) - northward(s) (к северу, на север), after (после) - afterwards (впоследствии, позже, потом), back (обратно, назад) - backward(s) (назад, в обратном направлении)

home (дом, домой) - homeward (к дому, по направлению к дому)

NOTE! В английском языке большое место занимают слова, заимствованные из других языков. Такие слова называются интернациональными. По корню этих слов легко догадаться об их значении. Например: telegram (телеграмма), orchestra (оркестр), concert (концерт) и др. Умение подмечать интернациональные слова в значительной степени облегчает работу по переводу текста.

Тренировочные упражнения

Ex. 1. Переведите следующие слова, выделите в них суффиксы и префиксы:

Untrue, prehistoric, ultramodern, postwar, ex-champion, anti-body, decompose, decode, deform, depart, discover, disappearance, reread, reconstruct, coauthor, unequal, misunderstand, undress, disarm, anti-fascist, cooperation, co-existence, interaction, superhuman, ultra-violet.

Ex. 2. Определите, к какой части речи относятся следующие слова. Переведите их:

Achievement - achieve, resistance - resistant, assistance - assist - assistant, celebration - celebrate, difference - different, city - citizen, nation - national - nationality, measure - measurement, develop - development, act - active - activity, contain - container, discover - discovery - discoverer, literature - literary, graduate - graduation - undergraduate - post-graduate, educate - education, progress - progressive, act - action - activity - active, govern - governor - government.

Ex. З. Образуйте от данных глаголов существительные с помощью суффикса -ег или -or. Переведите на русский язык:

To lead, to write, to read, to visit, to speak, to sleep, to act, to direct, to conduct, to drive, to fight, to mine, to report, to sing, to skate, to swim, to teach, to travel, to sail, to invent, to found, to compose.

Ex. 4. Образуйте от данных слов существительные с помощью суффикса -ist, -ism, -ian. Переведите на русский язык:

Special, social, art, capital, economy, international, piano, technic, mathematics, statistics, politics, music, electric, Russia, Hungary, Canada, India.

Ex. 5. Образуйте от данных глаголов существительные с помощью суффикса -ment. Переведите на русский язык:

Develop, achieve, move, arrange, treat, state, improve, agree, equip, govern, require, measure, announce, pave.

Ex. 6. Образуйте прилагательные с помощью суффиксов -ful и -less, переведите их на русский язык:

Beauty, thank, hope, doubt, care, aim, use, shape, fruit, power, thought, harm, colour.

Ex. 7. Образуйте прилагательные с помощью суффиксов -able, -ible, переведите их на русский язык:

Change, convert, prevent, break, compare, desire, profit, read, comfort, respect, expect.

Ex. 8. Найдите и выделите суффиксы в данных словах и определите, к какой части речи эти слова относятся:

British, foolish, understandable, heartless, pitiless, successful, experiment, function, musician, socialist, artist, capitalism, professional, fundamental, industrial, doubtful, useful, different, treatment, creative, attractive, peaceful, dangerous, elementary, childish, active, economic, director, worker, passage, marriage, silence, freedom, kingdom.

Ex. 9. Образуйте глаголы с помощью суффикса -en:

Red, tight, soft, deep, short, dark, bright, weak, black, white, sweet, sharp, strength.

Ex. 10. Образуйте наречия с помощью суффикса -1у и переведите их:

Bad, first, part, quick, strong, short, silent, rapid, wide, extreme, cruel, kind, happy.

Ex. 11. Образуйте глаголы от данных существительных. Переведите их:

Turn, smile, smoke, snow, start, stay, step, stop, study, talk, visit, rest, air, paper, cover, handle, cause, watch, act, address, answer, brush, clean, cross, crowd, wave, wish, work, dance, doubt, dress, end, fight, help, hope, joke, laugh, lift, light, love, mind, paper, pencil, place, plan, play, post, reply, report, return, sail, show.

Ex. 12. Переведите на русский язык. Выделите словообразующие элементы. Определите, к какой части речи относятся данные слова:

React, reaction, reactor, reactivity; science, scientific, scientist; industry, industrial, industrious; cold, coldly, coldness; dark, darkness, darken; happy, happily, happiness, unhappy; equal, equally, unequal, equality; free, freedom, freely; attention, attentive, attentively; sun, sunny, sunless; care, careful, careless, carefully, carelessness; to differ, different, difference, indifferent; England, English, Englishman; fame, famous.

Ex. 13. Переведите следующие сложные слова:

Airport, armchair, bathroom, bedroom, bookcase, bookshelf, classroom, custom-house, dining-room, drawing-room, fireplace, folksong, gentleman, hairbrush, icebox, newspaper, notebook, postcard, post-office, raincoat, sportsman, sunshine, writing-table.

Ex. 14. Прочтите следующие пары слов, соблюдая ударения. Переведите их:

An accent - to accent, a contract - to contract, a content - to content, a contest - to contest, a convoy - to convoy, a convict - to convict, a perfect - to perfect, a record - to record.

Ex. 15. Определите, к каким частям речи относятся выделенные слова:

1. Не works as a teacher. 2. I saw one of his works at the exhibition. 3. I was waiting for your report. 4. They report the results of their experiment every Monday. 5. His report contains some of his thoughts about the experiment. 6. You’ll make progress if you work hard. 7. He thought about his new work. 8. I have a present for you. 9. I am busy at present. 10. He presented me with a book.

Ex. 16. Проанализируйте состав следующих слов. Определите части речи. Дайте начальную форму. Переведите слова:

Powerful, inventor, high-quality, network, demoralize, profitable, dislike, disagree, movement, shorten, incorrect, electricity, fruitful, fruitless, happiness, dangerous, noisy, sunny, rainy, badly, strongly, reading, teaching, rebuild, retell, leader, teacher, unhappy, unusual, translation, cooperation, schoolboy, icebreaker.

Ex. 17. Напишите сложные существительные, исходя из объяснений.

Например: A machine for drying hair – hair drier.

1. A thing for opening tins - ... . 2. A machine for playing records - ... . 3. A machine for mixing food - ... . 4. A thing that times eggs (when they are boiling) - ... . 5. Things for warming people’s legs - ... . 6. Stuff that kills flies - ... . 7. A liquid that removes paint - ... . 8. A tool that opens bottles - ... . 9. A thing for peeling potatoes - ... . 10. A liquid for removing eye makeup - ... . 11. Stuff for freshening the air - ... .

Ex. 18. Напишите  словосочетания по модели число+ существительное+существительное (! не забывайте что число и первое существительное соединяется дефисом и что это существительное обычно стоит в единственном числе)

Например: a walk lasting for three miles – a three-mile walk.

1. A girl who has just celebrated her sixteenth birthday - ... . 2. A flight lasting for ten hours - ... . 3. A note that is worth twenty pounds - ... . 4. A language course that lasts four weeks - ... . 5. A drive that takes three hours - ... .  6. A meal that consists of three courses - ... . 7. A holiday that lasts two weeks - ... . 8. A delay at the airport that went on for two hours - ... . 9. A letter that goes on for ten pages - ... . 10. A university course that takes three years - ... . 11. A prison sentence of ten years - ... . 12. A hotel with five stars - ... . 13. A speed limit of 30 miles an hour - ... . 14. A house that was built two hundred years ago - ... .

Ex. 19. Распределите прилагательные по трем группам: 1) люди, 2) места, 3) вещи:

Obstinate, unspoilt, hand-made, waterproof, easy-going, breathtaking, aggressive, deserted, overgrown, overcrowded, cunning, picturesque, arrogant, long-lasting, spoilt, automatic, accurate, artificial.

Ex. 20. Выберите слово с нужным по смыслу префиксом  или суффиксом.

1. I know Jim Kerry is very popular but I find him totally childish / childlike. 2. I couldn’t work out whom the letter was from. The signature was childish / childlike. 3. Sarah is so childish / childlike. She always plays trick on her friends. 4. It was wonderful to watch the tiny lambs playing. I got such childish / childlike pleasure from the experience. 5. Sophie is extremely sensitive / sensible at the moment. Anything you say seems to upset her. 6. Karen is not a very sensitive / sensible person. She wore high-heeled shoes for our four-mile walk. 7. I’ve never known her to tell a lie. She’s a very true / truthful person. 8. I can never watch sad films that are based on true / truthful a story. They always make me cry. 9. Susan is so intolerable / intolerant of other people. She never accepts anyone else’s opinion, and she always thinks she knows best. 10. I find Mark’s behaviour intolerable / intolerant. It’s unfair to be so selfish. 11. We’re having an economic / economical crisis at the moment. James has lost his job and I don’t know how we are going to pay the rent. 12. It’s more economic  / economical to drive slowly. You can do a lot more miles to the gallop.

Ex. 21. Подберите к каждой тройке слов такое, чтобы с его помощью образовать составные существительные, используйте слова: board, green, paper, book, birthday, blood, rain, site, road, sports, ice, water, day, night, hand, case, sun, bag.

Например: camp..., building..., bomb... – campsite, building site, bomb-site.

1. ...test, ...pressure, ...donor. 2. ...fall, ...melon, ...skiing. 3. ...house, ...grocer, ...salad. 4. ...club, ...mare, ...shift. 5. brief..., suit..., book... . 6. paper..., plastic..., shoulder... . 7. ...bow, ...coat, ...drop. 8. ...shine, ...rise, ...set. 9. ...works, ...sign, ...rage. 10. black..., floor..., notice... . 11. ...light, ...break, ...dream. 12. ...shake, ...writing, ...book. 13. ...cube, ...berg, ...rink. 14. ...cake, ...present, ...card. 15. ...scape, ...lady, ...slide. 16. ...car, ...center, ...ground. 17. address..., visitor’s..., note... .

Ex. 22. Дополните предложения сложными существительными в скобках (это могут быть и составные существительные, и существительные в притяжательном падеже в простой или аналитической форме).

1. Your coat is on the ... (back, chair). 2. You’ve just spilt the ... (milk, cat). 3. Can you buy some ... (paper, toilet). 4. I never listened to my ... (advise, parents). 5. Can you buy a ... (wine, bottle) to have with supper? 6. What did that ... (road, sigh) say? Did you see it? 7. It’s such a mess in here. There are empty ... (wine, bottles) everywhere. 8. The ... (Prime Minister, duties) include entertaining heads of the state. 9. The ... (my shoe, heel) has come off. 10. Can I borrow your ... (brush, hair)? 11. What happened at the ... (film, end)? 12. Here is ... (today, news). 13. Where is the nearest ... (Metro, station)? 14. It’s my ... (anniversary, parents, wedding) next week. 15. The ... (company, success) is due to its efficiency. 16. I’ve got a ... (fortnight, holiday) next month. 17. The ... (government, economic policy) is confusing. 18. My children go to the local ... (school, state). 19. The annual ... (rate, inflation) is about 4 percent. 20. Are there any ... (coffee, cups) in your bedroom? There are none in the kitchen. 21. Do you want a ... (coffee, cup)?

Ex. 22. Заполните пропуски глаголом или существительным: advice – to advise, use – to use, abuse – to abuse, belief – to believe, relief – to relieve, grief – grieve, excuse – to excuse, breath – to breathe, half – to halve, house – to house, safe – to save, bath – to bathe.

1. It is my personal ... that this man is innocent. 2. Let me listen to your chest. Take a deep ... and say “Ah”. 3. You should put your valuables in the ... .  4. Drug ... is a terrible problem all over the world. 5. I know it isn’t good for my skin, but I love sun ... . 6. I’ve been so worried about you! It’s such a ... to see you at last! 7. “What are we going to do with this cake?” “Cut it in two. You take ... and I’ll take ... .” 8. Can you show me how to ... this new coffee machine? 9. The refugees are ... in temporary accommodation. 10. She apologizes for her behavior, and said it was because she’d had a busy day, but that’s no ... for breaking all the plates. 11. People need time to ... after the death of someone they love. 12. Take my ... . Never marry for money. Marry for love.

Ex. 22. Напишите слово противоположное по значению, используя префикс

Kind, honest, credible, appear, fair, equal, pleased, continue, fasten, normal, employed, friendly, trust, professional, known, cover, safe, use, probable, important, emotional.

Exercise1.

1. I don’t know what’s wrong with him but he’s………

    of everything around him.                                                         SUSPECT

2. Be careful when you go for a walk in the forest. There

    may be some ………snakes around.                                         POISON

3. We all agree that Orlando Bloom is very good looking

     but we can’t say he’s a brilliant……….                                   ACT

4. Winning gold medals both in 1,500 and 5,000 metres

     was a great……….for the Moroccan athlete.                          ACHIEVE

5. Our team needs a…………manager to be                                DECIDE

     …………..in the Premier League.                                            SUCCESS

6. Regular physical…………helps you lose weight in                 ACTIVE

    a healthy way.

7. Everybody is talking about teenage…………nowadays.          VIOLENT

8. I can’t walk properly for a week because of a………….           PAINFUL

    in my knee.

9. My grandfather received a medal for his…………in                BRAVE

    World War II.

10.The young boy was badly…………..in the accident.                INJURY

     The doctors are trying to keep him……………on                    LIVE

      a life-support machine.

Exercise1.

1. I don’t know what’s wrong with him but he’s………

    of everything around him.                                                         SUSPECT

2. Be careful when you go for a walk in the forest. There

    may be some ………snakes around.                                         POISON

3. We all agree that Orlando Bloom is very good looking

     but we can’t say he’s a brilliant……….                                   ACT

4. Winning gold medals both in 1,500 and 5,000 metres

     was a great……….for the Moroccan athlete.                          ACHIEVE

5. Our team needs a…………manager to be                                DECIDE

     …………..in the Premier League.                                            SUCCESS

6. Regular physical…………helps you lose weight in                 ACTIVE

    a healthy way.

7. Everybody is talking about teenage…………nowadays.          VIOLENT

8. I can’t walk properly for a week because of a………….           PAINFUL

    in my knee.

9. My grandfather received a medal for his…………in                BRAVE

    World War II.

10.The young boy was badly…………..in the accident.                INJURY

     The doctors are trying to keep him……………on                    LIVE

      a life-support machine.

Exercise 2.

  1. In some countries, people throw parties to celebrate their………..RETIRE
  2. Wales is part of the United Kingdom, so you can’t

really call it an……………country.                                           DEPEND

  1. Summer’s here again, and sales of sunglasses, swimsuits

and the like are a……………..business.                                      BOOM

     4. I asked my sister to lend me her T-shirt;…………….             SURPRISE

         she said “yes”!

      5. After the war, many people had to live in………………           CROWD

           flats and houses.

      6. Everyone asks Pauline for advice as she’s the most

           ………………….. member of our staff.                                EXPERIENCE

Exercise 2.

  1. In some countries, people throw parties to celebrate their………..RETIRE
  2. Wales is part of the United Kingdom, so you can’t

really call it an……………country.                                           DEPEND

  1. Summer’s here again, and sales of sunglasses, swimsuits

and the like are a……………..business.                                      BOOM

     4. I asked my sister to lend me her T-shirt;…………….             SURPRISE

         she said “yes”!

      5. After the war, many people had to live in………………           CROWD

           flats and houses.

      6. Everyone asks Pauline for advice as she’s the most

           ………………….. member of our staff.                                EXPERIENCE

Exercise 2.

  1. In some countries, people throw parties to celebrate their………..RETIRE
  2. Wales is part of the United Kingdom, so you can’t

really call it an……………country.                                           DEPEND

  1. Summer’s here again, and sales of sunglasses, swimsuits

and the like are a……………..business.                                      BOOM

     4. I asked my sister to lend me her T-shirt;…………….             SURPRISE

         she said “yes”!

      5. After the war, many people had to live in………………           CROWD

           flats and houses.

      6. Everyone asks Pauline for advice as she’s the most

           ………………….. member of our staff.                                EXPERIENCE

Exercise 3.

                                             On a real safari.

Safari is a Swahili word meaning travel. It became part of the English language and showed peoples’1.……………. FASCINATE with Africa. When 2. ………

…….ADVENTURE explorers and 3. ………………….HUNT traveled through the continent, people said they were “on safari”.

Today the modern safari is very 4. ………………….DIFFER from those old times. People still travel to Africa to see the wildlife or, 5……………..SAD, to

hunt. But now they do it after they have spent a 6. ……………….COMFORT

night in a huge bed with 24-hour 7…………………SERVE.

However, this is not what you get with Safari Explorations. When you travel with them, it is not unusual to come within a very short 8. ……………..DISTANT of a

9. ………………….DANGER animal. Instead of lodges,10. ………………

ACCOMMODATE is mobile campsites, and 11. ……………….COOK is done on

open fires.

With Safari Explorations, you get a 12. …………….FEEL for what safari really means.

Exercise 3.

                                             On a real safari.

Safari is a Swahili word meaning travel. It became part of the English language and showed peoples’1.……………. FASCINATE with Africa. When 2. ………

…….ADVENTURE explorers and 3. ………………….HUNT traveled through the continent, people said they were “on safari”.

Today the modern safari is very 4. ………………….DIFFER from those old times. People still travel to Africa to see the wildlife or, 5……………..SAD, to

hunt. But now they do it after they have spent a 6. ……………….COMFORT

night in a huge bed with 24-hour 7…………………SERVE.

However, this is not what you get with Safari Explorations. When you travel with them, it is not unusual to come within a very short 8. ……………..DISTANT of a

9. ………………….DANGER animal. Instead of lodges,10. ………………

ACCOMMODATE is mobile campsites, and 11. ……………….COOK is done on

open fires.

With Safari Explorations, you get a 12. …………….FEEL for what safari really means.

Exercise 4.

1. If you want to see this doctor, you have to get an official…………APPOINT

2. When Meg was in Rome last year, she went…………….               CLUB

     every night.

3. She ………………BEHAVIOUR in a very responsible way.

4. Last night we spent about two hours discussing the …………..IMPORTANT

    of politics in our life.

5. When you’re camping, it’s necessary to know which…………….. DIRECT

     the wind is coming from.

6. Some members of the class refused to ……………….PARTICIPANT in the

     discussion.

Exercise 4.

1. If you want to see this doctor, you have to get an official…………APPOINT

2. When Meg was in Rome last year, she went…………….               CLUB

     every night.

3. She ………………BEHAVIOUR in a very responsible way.

4. Last night we spent about two hours discussing the …………..IMPORTANT

    of politics in our life.

5. When you’re camping, it’s necessary to know which…………….. DIRECT

     the wind is coming from.

6. Some members of the class refused to ……………….PARTICIPANT in the

     discussion.

Exercise 4.

1. If you want to see this doctor, you have to get an official…………APPOINT

2. When Meg was in Rome last year, she went…………….               CLUB

     every night.

3. She ………………BEHAVIOUR in a very responsible way.

4. Last night we spent about two hours discussing the …………..IMPORTANT

    of politics in our life.

5. When you’re camping, it’s necessary to know which…………….. DIRECT

     the wind is coming from.

6. Some members of the class refused to ……………….PARTICIPANT in the

     discussion.

Exercise 5.

1. She’s so clever; she’s……………….of failing an exam.          CAPABLE

2. Don’t you know that it’s ………………to travel without          LEGAL

    a ticket?

3. He was quite………………..as a baby, but now he’s very      ATTRACTIVE

    good looking.

4. That’s a really rude thing to say! I didn’t expect you to be so………..POLITE

5. Life is so………………! My parents blame me for everything!     FAIR

6. My stepbrother is really……………..because he cheats in tests      HONEST

    and tells lies.

7. I love all my brothers and sisters because they are never……………KIND

    to me.

8. Don’t talk about money; it’s……………… . We are fighting        RELEVANT

    about sharing a bedroom.

Exercise 5.

1. She’s so clever; she’s……………….of failing an exam.          CAPABLE

2. Don’t you know that it’s ………………to travel without          LEGAL

    a ticket?

3. He was quite………………..as a baby, but now he’s very      ATTRACTIVE

    good looking.

4. That’s a really rude thing to say! I didn’t expect you to be so………..POLITE

5. Life is so………………! My parents blame me for everything!     FAIR

6. My stepbrother is really……………..because he cheats in tests      HONEST

    and tells lies.

7. I love all my brothers and sisters because they are never……………KIND

    to me.

8. Don’t talk about money; it’s……………… . We are fighting        RELEVANT

    about sharing a bedroom.

Exercise 5.

1. She’s so clever; she’s……………….of failing an exam.          CAPABLE

2. Don’t you know that it’s ………………to travel without          LEGAL

    a ticket?

3. He was quite………………..as a baby, but now he’s very      ATTRACTIVE

    good looking.

4. That’s a really rude thing to say! I didn’t expect you to be so………..POLITE

5. Life is so………………! My parents blame me for everything!     FAIR

6. My stepbrother is really……………..because he cheats in tests      HONEST

    and tells lies.

7. I love all my brothers and sisters because they are never……………KIND

    to me.

8. Don’t talk about money; it’s……………… . We are fighting        RELEVANT

    about sharing a bedroom.

Exercise 6.

1. I’m hoping I’ll get…………….next year after all this hard work.  PROMOTE

2. He hasn’t found………………since he got the sack last month.    EMPLOY

3. You need to stay fit and do lots of different………………. when  ACT

     you retire.    

4. The………………..of people like working.                                     MAJOR

5. It’s important to get some………………from your job.                  ENJOY

6. Being a pilot has lots of…………………., apart                             ATTRACT

    from money and travel.

Exercise 6.

1. I’m hoping I’ll get…………….next year after all this hard work.  PROMOTE

2. He hasn’t found………………since he got the sack last month.    EMPLOY

3. You need to stay fit and do lots of different………………. when  ACT

     you retire.    

4. The………………..of people like working.                                     MAJOR

5. It’s important to get some………………from your job.                  ENJOY

6. Being a pilot has lots of…………………., apart                             ATTRACT

    from money and travel.

Exercise 6.

1. I’m hoping I’ll get…………….next year after all this hard work.  PROMOTE

2. He hasn’t found………………since he got the sack last month.    EMPLOY

3. You need to stay fit and do lots of different………………. when  ACT

     you retire.    

4. The………………..of people like working.                                     MAJOR

5. It’s important to get some………………from your job.                  ENJOY

6. Being a pilot has lots of…………………., apart                             ATTRACT

    from money and travel.

Exercise 6.

1. I’m hoping I’ll get…………….next year after all this hard work.  PROMOTE

2. He hasn’t found………………since he got the sack last month.    EMPLOY

3. You need to stay fit and do lots of different………………. when  ACT

     you retire.    

4. The………………..of people like working.                                     MAJOR

5. It’s important to get some………………from your job.                  ENJOY

6. Being a pilot has lots of…………………., apart                             ATTRACT

    from money and travel.

Exercise 7.

1. My dad is so handsome that he’s the most…………………        ATTRACT

    man I know.

2. My friend’s new…………….  is very good to him and treats      EMPLOY

    him very well.

3. It was your…………….. that got you the sack. Nothing else!      LAZY

4. You can’t put that in your composition- it’s completely………   RELEVANT

5. Smoking in public places should be made………………… .       LEGAL

6. He must get a lot of………………  from his job as an actor.       ENJOY

Exercise 7.

1. My dad is so handsome that he’s the most…………………        ATTRACT

    man I know.

2. My friend’s new…………….  is very good to him and treats      EMPLOY

    him very well.

3. It was your…………….. that got you the sack. Nothing else!      LAZY

4. You can’t put that in your composition- it’s completely………   RELEVANT

5. Smoking in public places should be made………………… .       LEGAL

6. He must get a lot of………………  from his job as an actor.       ENJOY

Exercise 7.

1. My dad is so handsome that he’s the most…………………        ATTRACT

    man I know.

2. My friend’s new…………….  is very good to him and treats      EMPLOY

    him very well.

3. It was your…………….. that got you the sack. Nothing else!      LAZY

4. You can’t put that in your composition- it’s completely………   RELEVANT

5. Smoking in public places should be made………………… .       LEGAL

6. He must get a lot of………………  from his job as an actor.       ENJOY

Exercise 7.

1. My dad is so handsome that he’s the most…………………        ATTRACT

    man I know.

2. My friend’s new…………….  is very good to him and treats      EMPLOY

    him very well.

3. It was your…………….. that got you the sack. Nothing else!      LAZY

4. You can’t put that in your composition- it’s completely………   RELEVANT

5. Smoking in public places should be made………………… .       LEGAL

6. He must get a lot of………………  from his job as an actor.       ENJOY

Exercise 8.

1. I had great………………. sleeping in the hotel because of the     DIFFICULT

    noise from the airport.

2. I stopped being a holiday rep because the…………………..       RESPONSIBLE

    was too much for me.

3. Their customs and …………….. are quite different from ours.    BELIEVE

4. There were a lot of………………. for the lifeguard’s job.           APPLY

5. I booked an adventure holiday because there was such a

    …………………. of things to do.                                                  VARY

6. My sister and I went on separate holidays because we…………  AGREE

    about where to go.

Exercise 8.

1. I had great………………. sleeping in the hotel because of the     DIFFICULT

    noise from the airport.

2. I stopped being a holiday rep because the…………………..       RESPONSIBLE

    was too much for me.

3. Their customs and …………….. are quite different from ours.    BELIEVE

4. There were a lot of………………. for the lifeguard’s job.           APPLY

5. I booked an adventure holiday because there was such a

    …………………. of things to do.                                                  VARY

6. My sister and I went on separate holidays because we…………  AGREE

    about where to go.

Exercise 8.

1. I had great………………. sleeping in the hotel because of the     DIFFICULT

    noise from the airport.

2. I stopped being a holiday rep because the…………………..       RESPONSIBLE

    was too much for me.

3. Their customs and …………….. are quite different from ours.    BELIEVE

4. There were a lot of………………. for the lifeguard’s job.           APPLY

5. I booked an adventure holiday because there was such a

    …………………. of things to do.                                                  VARY

6. My sister and I went on separate holidays because we…………  AGREE

    about where to go.

Exercise 9.

1. That was a really silly film. The story was totally……………….. BELIEVE

2. My parents……………… of me staying out late in the evening, APPROVE

    so I’ll have to leave early.

3. That band plays so…………….that I think I’m going deaf.      LOUD

4. What a lovely film. It was really……………….           ENJOY

5. She’s so………………. that she can never choose which film to see DECISIVE

6. My mum doesn’t like my new boyfriend. She says he is……………… SUIT

    for me.

Exercise 9.

1. That was a really silly film. The story was totally……………….. BELIEVE

2. My parents……………… of me staying out late in the evening, APPROVE

    so I’ll have to leave early.

3. That band plays so…………….that I think I’m going deaf.      LOUD

4. What a lovely film. It was really……………….           ENJOY

5. She’s so………………. that she can never choose which film to see DECISIVE

6. My mum doesn’t like my new boyfriend. She says he is……………… SUIT

    for me.

Exercise 9.

1. That was a really silly film. The story was totally……………….. BELIEVE

2. My parents……………… of me staying out late in the evening, APPROVE

    so I’ll have to leave early.

3. That band plays so…………….that I think I’m going deaf.      LOUD

4. What a lovely film. It was really……………….           ENJOY

5. She’s so………………. that she can never choose which film to see DECISIVE

6. My mum doesn’t like my new boyfriend. She says he is……………… SUIT

    for me.

Exercise 9.

1. That was a really silly film. The story was totally……………….. BELIEVE

2. My parents……………… of me staying out late in the evening, APPROVE

    so I’ll have to leave early.

3. That band plays so…………….that I think I’m going deaf.      LOUD

4. What a lovely film. It was really……………….           ENJOY

5. She’s so………………. that she can never choose which film to see DECISIVE

6. My mum doesn’t like my new boyfriend. She says he is……………… SUIT

    for me.

Exercise 10.

1. It’s time you made a ………………. about which subject you   DECIDE

    want to study this year.

2. Why do my parents……………….. of everything I do?      APPROVE

3. I don’t share her……………… on crime and punishment.    BELIEVE

4. I get on really well with my sister. We never……………… AGREE

    about anything.

5. When you go on a job interview, you have to wear……………… SUIT

     clothes.

6. He can never keep a job for long because he’s so…………….. RESPONSIBLE

Exercise 10.

1. It’s time you made a ………………. about which subject you   DECIDE

    want to study this year.

2. Why do my parents……………….. of everything I do?      APPROVE

3. I don’t share her……………… on crime and punishment.    BELIEVE

4. I get on really well with my sister. We never……………… AGREE

    about anything.

5. When you go on a job interview, you have to wear……………… SUIT

     clothes.

6. He can never keep a job for long because he’s so…………….. RESPONSIBLE

Exercise 10.

1. It’s time you made a ………………. about which subject you   DECIDE

    want to study this year.

2. Why do my parents……………….. of everything I do?      APPROVE

3. I don’t share her……………… on crime and punishment.    BELIEVE

4. I get on really well with my sister. We never……………… AGREE

    about anything.

5. When you go on a job interview, you have to wear……………… SUIT

     clothes.

6. He can never keep a job for long because he’s so…………….. RESPONSIBLE

Exercise 10.

1. It’s time you made a ………………. about which subject you   DECIDE

    want to study this year.

2. Why do my parents……………….. of everything I do?      APPROVE

3. I don’t share her……………… on crime and punishment.    BELIEVE

4. I get on really well with my sister. We never……………… AGREE

    about anything.

5. When you go on a job interview, you have to wear……………… SUIT

     clothes.

6. He can never keep a job for long because he’s so…………….. RESPONSIBLE

Exercise 11.

1. I’m showing my work in a new exhibition and I’m always rather

    …………… on the opening night.                               ANXIETY

2. Now that he’s sold some of his sculptures, his life is a bit more

   ……………. than it used to be.                                     COMFORT

3. The art gallery is becoming very successful and I need

     some………………. advice.                               FINANCE

4. The town council are having the most………………. BELIEVE

     fight about whose statue to put in the town centre.

5. My parents wanted to buy a painting by a famous artist, but it was

    too…………………. .       EXPENSE

6. I’ve been feeling very…………….. lately, so I’ve decided to go  CREATE

    to art classes.

7. I love that picture even though it’s not very………………… .  VALUE

8. Now that he’s become rich and famous he’s really changed.

    He’s almost …………………RECOGNISE

9. It’s ………………… trying to teach me how to draw – I’m just   USE

    not artist.

10.There’s so much work to do! It seems ……………….!  END

Exercise 11.

1. I’m showing my work in a new exhibition and I’m always rather

    …………… on the opening night.                               ANXIETY

2. Now that he’s sold some of his sculptures, his life is a bit more

   ……………. than it used to be.                                     COMFORT

3. The art gallery is becoming very successful and I need

     some………………. advice.                               FINANCE

4. The town council are having the most………………. BELIEVE

     fight about whose statue to put in the town centre.

5. My parents wanted to buy a painting by a famous artist, but it was

    too…………………. .       EXPENSE

6. I’ve been feeling very…………….. lately, so I’ve decided to go  CREATE

    to art classes.

7. I love that picture even though it’s not very………………… .  VALUE

8. Now that he’s become rich and famous he’s really changed.

    He’s almost …………………RECOGNISE

9. It’s ………………… trying to teach me how to draw – I’m just   USE

    not artist.

10.There’s so much work to do! It seems ……………….!  END

Exercise 12.

1. If you want to complain about the pollution in your town, write to your

    local……………… .                                                    POLITICS

2. Don’t go into town today, the………………. are        ENVIRONMENT

    having a demonstration.

3. The Minister of Industry has been talking to……………..  PROTEST

     all morning about the new factory.

4. ………………….. are working night and day to try and     BIOLOGY

    find chemical substitutes for extinct species of plants.

5. The government has sent a team of………………..to look   INSPECT

  into the chemical spill.

6. It is us, the……………………. who can make a difference to     VOTE

    the environment. Join the Green Party today!

7. We must become the……………… of the planet because       PROTECT

    there isn’t anyone else.

8. The…………………….. have been busy sending out newsletters  CAMPAIGN

     to all the business in town.

9. The Nature Reserve has many…………….. from all over the world.  VISIT

Exercise 12.

1. If you want to complain about the pollution in your town, write to your

    local……………… .                                                    POLITICS

2. Don’t go into town today, the………………. are        ENVIRONMENT

    having a demonstration.

3. The Minister of Industry has been talking to……………..  PROTEST

     all morning about the new factory.

4. ………………….. are working night and day to try and     BIOLOGY

    find chemical substitutes for extinct species of plants.

5. The government has sent a team of………………..to look   INSPECT

  into the chemical spill.

6. It is us, the……………………. who can make a difference to     VOTE

    the environment. Join the Green Party today!

7. We must become the……………… of the planet because       PROTECT

    there isn’t anyone else.

8. The…………………….. have been busy sending out newsletters  CAMPAIGN

     to all the business in town.

9. The Nature Reserve has many…………….. from all over the world.  VISIT

Exercise 13.

1. He doesn’t have many friends at school, in fact

    he’s very………………. .      POPULAR

2. She’s been very depressed ever since she became……………… . EMPLOY

3. We made an ……………….about whose job it is to take    AGREE

     out the rubbish.

4. You should ………………. your exercise routine so that you   VARIETY

     don’t get bored.

5. The doctor wrote me a ……………… for some antibiotics.  PRESCRIBE

6. …………………… the bus wasn’t full and we found seats    LUCK

    upstairs at the front.

7. She must be very rich – she’s always so………………. dressed   EXPENSIVE

8. I can’t put a price on your help. It’s completely……………… . VALUE

9. If nobody has any…………………. , we’ll finish the meeting    OBJECT

    tomorrow.

10. She looks after her own ………………. business now.     FINANCE

11. I’m sorry but there’s no ………………. for your illness.  TREAT

      It will get better by itself in time.

Exercise 13.

1. He doesn’t have many friends at school, in fact

    he’s very………………. .      POPULAR

2. She’s been very depressed ever since she became……………… . EMPLOY

3. We made an ……………….about whose job it is to take    AGREE

     out the rubbish.

4. You should ………………. your exercise routine so that you   VARIETY

     don’t get bored.

5. The doctor wrote me a ……………… for some antibiotics.  PRESCRIBE

6. …………………… the bus wasn’t full and we found seats    LUCK

    upstairs at the front.

7. She must be very rich – she’s always so………………. dressed   EXPENSIVE

8. I can’t put a price on your help. It’s completely……………… . VALUE

9. If nobody has any…………………. , we’ll finish the meeting    OBJECT

    tomorrow.

10. She looks after her own ………………. business now.     FINANCE

11. I’m sorry but there’s no ………………. for your illness.  TREAT

      It will get better by itself in time.

Exercise 14.

Many people, perhaps even the 0. majority, are not particularly     MAJOR

happy in their job. They go to work, get paid, and 1…. for             EMPLOY

them is just a way of paying the bills. This leads to 2 … at             LAZY

work and unhappy workers often don’t show enough 3…              POLITE

to customers or 4 …   to their fellow workers. Many people           KIND

feel that they have no chance of 5 …  and they are                         PROMOTE

unhappy with the 6 … conditions.                                                   WORK

If you want to get 7 … from your work, make sure that                  ENJOY

it involves doing an 8 … that you like. Ask yourself whether         ACTIVE

the job will have the same 9 … after five years. A careful               ATTRACT

choice now can save you a lot of 10 … in the future.                       HAPPY

Exercise 14.

Many people, perhaps even the 0. majority, are not particularly     MAJOR

happy in their job. They go to work, get paid, and 1…. for             EMPLOY

them is just a way of paying the bills. This leads to 2 … at             LAZY

work and unhappy workers often don’t show enough 3…              POLITE

to customers or 4 …   to their fellow workers. Many people           KIND

feel that they have no chance of 5 …  and they are                         PROMOTE

unhappy with the 6 … conditions.                                                   WORK

If you want to get 7 … from your work, make sure that                  ENJOY

it involves doing an 8 … that you like. Ask yourself whether         ACTIVE

the job will have the same 9 … after five years. A careful               ATTRACT

choice now can save you a lot of 10 … in the future.                       HAPPY

Exercise 14.

Many people, perhaps even the 0. majority, are not particularly     MAJOR

happy in their job. They go to work, get paid, and 1…. for             EMPLOY

them is just a way of paying the bills. This leads to 2 … at             LAZY

work and unhappy workers often don’t show enough 3…              POLITE

to customers or 4 …   to their fellow workers. Many people           KIND

feel that they have no chance of 5 …  and they are                         PROMOTE

unhappy with the 6 … conditions.                                                   WORK

If you want to get 7 … from your work, make sure that                  ENJOY

it involves doing an 8 … that you like. Ask yourself whether         ACTIVE

the job will have the same 9 … after five years. A careful               ATTRACT

choice now can save you a lot of 10 … in the future.                       HAPPY

Exercise 15.

Love them or hate, 0 reality  shows are very popular.               REAL

Why are we so interested in the 1 … and in the                         RELATION

2 … of the ordinary people? It’s because they are just like        ARGUE

us. We all have strong 3 … towards the people we live             FEEL

and work with. Often, we find it hard to get 4 … on any          ADVISE

problems we are having. By watching the 5 … they                 DECIDE

make on our screens, we gain 6 … about how people               KNOW

react to tense situations. It’s almost like a 7 …                          PSYCHOLOGY

experiment. We can see when they are 8 … and                        SUCCEED

make the situation worse. This 9 … helps us in our                   INFORM

own lives. As always, TV is much more than just 10 … .          ENTERTAIN

Exercise 15.

Love them or hate, 0 reality  shows are very popular.               REAL

Why are we so interested in the 1 … and in the                         RELATION

2 … of the ordinary people? It’s because they are just like        ARGUE

us. We all have strong 3 … towards the people we live             FEEL

and work with. Often, we find it hard to get 4 … on any          ADVISE

problems we are having. By watching the 5 … they                 DECIDE

make on our screens, we gain 6 … about how people               KNOW

react to tense situations. It’s almost like a 7 …                          PSYCHOLOGY

experiment. We can see when they are 8 … and                        SUCCEED

make the situation worse. This 9 … helps us in our                   INFORM

own lives. As always, TV is much more than just 10 … .          ENTERTAIN

Exercise 15.

Love them or hate, 0 reality  shows are very popular.               REAL

Why are we so interested in the 1 … and in the                         RELATION

2 … of the ordinary people? It’s because they are just like        ARGUE

us. We all have strong 3 … towards the people we live             FEEL

and work with. Often, we find it hard to get 4 … on any          ADVISE

problems we are having. By watching the 5 … they                 DECIDE

make on our screens, we gain 6 … about how people               KNOW

react to tense situations. It’s almost like a 7 …                          PSYCHOLOGY

experiment. We can see when they are 8 … and                        SUCCEED

make the situation worse. This 9 … helps us in our                   INFORM

own lives. As always, TV is much more than just 10 … .          ENTERTAIN

Exercise 16.

Dear Mr. Coco,

  Thank you for your 0 application for the position of manager.     APPLY

I am afraid that after a long 1 … we have decided to                      DISCUSS

appoint someone else. We would like to explain our 2… .             CHOOSE

   All of us were a little surprised by your 3 … when you               APPEAR

came for the interview. “Dressed like a clown” was the 4 …         DESCRIBE

used by one of us. A great 5 … of different people work for us,     VARY

but we thought the red nose showed a lack of 6 … . We              RESPONSIBLE

were all in 7… that many of our customers would have great        AGREE

8 … in taking seriously a manager in size 76 shoes.                      DIFFICULT

   We hope this 9 … helps. I would like to finish by expressing    EXPLAIN

my 10 … that you will go far in business. Show business.             BELIEVE

       Yours faithfully,

       Justine Carter,

       Personnel Manager

Exercise 16.

Dear Mr. Coco,

  Thank you for your 0 application for the position of manager.     APPLY

I am afraid that after a long 1 … we have decided to                      DISCUSS

appoint someone else. We would like to explain our 2… .             CHOOSE

   All of us were a little surprised by your 3 … when you               APPEAR

came for the interview. “Dressed like a clown” was the 4 …         DESCRIBE

used by one of us. A great 5 … of different people work for us,     VARY

but we thought the red nose showed a lack of 6 … . We              RESPONSIBLE

were all in 7… that many of our customers would have great        AGREE

8 … in taking seriously a manager in size 76 shoes.                      DIFFICULT

   We hope this 9 … helps. I would like to finish by expressing    EXPLAIN

my 10 … that you will go far in business. Show business.             BELIEVE

       Yours faithfully,

       Justine Carter,

       Personnel Manager

Exercise 17.

Street 0 performers, or “buskers”, help make any city centre a     PERFORM

place of 1 … . In any major city, you can find young,                  ENTERTAIN

2 … people juggling, playing the guitar or even doing                 EMPLOY

magic tricks for money. All they need is a 3 … place to               SUIT

perform and a good crowd. Some people might 4 …                   APPROVE

of busking, but most people agree that it’s an 5 …                      ENJOY

break to have an 6 … show when you’re out                                EXPECT

shopping.

    Some young people, 7 … to afford a luxury trip                       ABLE

around the world, busk in order to travel. It’s 8 … , but             COMFORT

it’s cheap. Unless you are 9 … , a few hours playing                   LUCK

will pay for a bed. The 10 … is that you need to have              ADVANTAGE

some talent or you might go hungry!

Exercise 17.

Street 0 performers, or “buskers”, help make any city centre a     PERFORM

place of 1 … . In any major city, you can find young,                  ENTERTAIN

2 … people juggling, playing the guitar or even doing                 EMPLOY

magic tricks for money. All they need is a 3 … place to               SUIT

perform and a good crowd. Some people might 4 …                   APPROVE

of busking, but most people agree that it’s an 5 …                      ENJOY

break to have an 6 … show when you’re out                                EXPECT

shopping.

    Some young people, 7 … to afford a luxury trip                       ABLE

around the world, busk in order to travel. It’s 8 … , but             COMFORT

it’s cheap. Unless you are 9 … , a few hours playing                   LUCK

will pay for a bed. The 10 … is that you need to have              ADVANTAGE

some talent or you might go hungry!

Exercise 18.

The key to being a 0 professional artist is to understand what    PROFESSION

the art world wants and then produce it. The 1 …                      SUCCESS

artist needs to have a 2 … style and to make works                    RECOGNISE

of art that other people find 3 … . It takes an artist                     DESIRE

4 … practice to develop their own style but the                           END

5 … rewards can be amazing. People don’t just                           FINANCE

want art. They want 6 … art because they think that                  EXPENSE

the more 7 … a painting is, the better it is. Often, that                 VALUE

is true, but sometimes bad art sells for an 8 … price.                   BELIEVE

Many 9 … artists made very little money from their art,              FAME

but now we can see how important their 10 … really are.             CREATE

Exercise 18.

The key to being a 0 professional artist is to understand what    PROFESSION

the art world wants and then produce it. The 1 …                      SUCCESS

artist needs to have a 2 … style and to make works                    RECOGNISE

of art that other people find 3 … . It takes an artist                     DESIRE

4 … practice to develop their own style but the                           END

5 … rewards can be amazing. People don’t just                           FINANCE

want art. They want 6 … art because they think that                  EXPENSE

the more 7 … a painting is, the better it is. Often, that                 VALUE

is true, but sometimes bad art sells for an 8 … price.                   BELIEVE

Many 9 … artists made very little money from their art,              FAME

but now we can see how important their 10 … really are.             CREATE

Exercise 18.

The key to being a 0 professional artist is to understand what    PROFESSION

the art world wants and then produce it. The 1 …                      SUCCESS

artist needs to have a 2 … style and to make works                    RECOGNISE

of art that other people find 3 … . It takes an artist                     DESIRE

4 … practice to develop their own style but the                           END

5 … rewards can be amazing. People don’t just                           FINANCE

want art. They want 6 … art because they think that                  EXPENSE

the more 7 … a painting is, the better it is. Often, that                 VALUE

is true, but sometimes bad art sells for an 8 … price.                   BELIEVE

Many 9 … artists made very little money from their art,              FAME

but now we can see how important their 10 … really are.             CREATE

Exercise 19.

Mass protest in city centre

Many 0 visitors to the city were surprised today to find the roads   VISIT

blocked by 1 … . Around ten thousand people took to                    PROTEST

the streets to try to get 2 … to take seriously recent                         POLITICS

warnings from 3 … . They claim that unless something              ENVIRONMENT

is done about the 4 … of our coasts, then many                               PROTECT

5 … species of bird will disappear. Among those                            DANGER

facing 6 … is the rare puffin, found only in a few areas.                 EXTINCT

 Some 7 … say that it may already be too late for this                     SCIENCE

bird, but immediate action is needed to ensure the 8 …                   SURVIVE

of other rare birds. The 9 … of habitats all along our                       DESTROY

shores and effects of 10 … warming have been blamed.                  GLOBE

Exercise 19.

Mass protest in city centre

Many 0 visitors to the city were surprised today to find the roads   VISIT

blocked by 1 … . Around ten thousand people took to                    PROTEST

the streets to try to get 2 … to take seriously recent                         POLITICS

warnings from 3 … . They claim that unless something              ENVIRONMENT

is done about the 4 … of our coasts, then many                               PROTECT

5 … species of bird will disappear. Among those                            DANGER

facing 6 … is the rare puffin, found only in a few areas.                 EXTINCT

 Some 7 … say that it may already be too late for this                     SCIENCE

bird, but immediate action is needed to ensure the 8 …                   SURVIVE

of other rare birds. The 9 … of habitats all along our                       DESTROY

shores and effects of 10 … warming have been blamed.                  GLOBE

Exercise 19.

Mass protest in city centre

Many 0 visitors to the city were surprised today to find the roads   VISIT

blocked by 1 … . Around ten thousand people took to                    PROTEST

the streets to try to get 2 … to take seriously recent                         POLITICS

warnings from 3 … . They claim that unless something              ENVIRONMENT

is done about the 4 … of our coasts, then many                               PROTECT

5 … species of bird will disappear. Among those                            DANGER

facing 6 … is the rare puffin, found only in a few areas.                 EXTINCT

 Some 7 … say that it may already be too late for this                     SCIENCE

bird, but immediate action is needed to ensure the 8 …                   SURVIVE

of other rare birds. The 9 … of habitats all along our                       DESTROY

shores and effects of 10 … warming have been blamed.                  GLOBE

Exercise 20.

Celebrities

Would you like to be 1 … ? Do you think you would enjoy           FAME

being rich and successful 2… ? Although it sounds                        CELEBRATE

attractive, a lot of stars are more 3 … than you would think.          HAPPY

Some feel 4 … being in the public eye all the time. They’re           COMFORT

often 5 … even to go to the supermarket without being              ABLE

followed by the press. Many of them complain it’s 6 … to         POSSIBLE

have a private life. Others are terrified of becoming 7 … .          POPULAR

They’re 8 … about their future and worry that they’ll lose          CERTAIN

their fame and career, and end up 9 … . It may be hard work      EMPLOY

getting to the top, but it’s even 10 … to stay there!                      HARD          

Exercise 20.

Celebrities

Would you like to be 1 … ? Do you think you would enjoy           FAME

being rich and successful 2… ? Although it sounds                        CELEBRATE

attractive, a lot of stars are more 3 … than you would think.          HAPPY

Some feel 4 … being in the public eye all the time. They’re           COMFORT

often 5 … even to go to the supermarket without being              ABLE

followed by the press. Many of them complain it’s 6 … to         POSSIBLE

have a private life. Others are terrified of becoming 7 … .          POPULAR

They’re 8 … about their future and worry that they’ll lose          CERTAIN

their fame and career, and end up 9 … . It may be hard work      EMPLOY

getting to the top, but it’s even 10 … to stay there!                      HARD          

Exercise 20.

Celebrities

Would you like to be 1 … ? Do you think you would enjoy           FAME

being rich and successful 2… ? Although it sounds                        CELEBRATE

attractive, a lot of stars are more 3 … than you would think.          HAPPY

Some feel 4 … being in the public eye all the time. They’re           COMFORT

often 5 … even to go to the supermarket without being              ABLE

followed by the press. Many of them complain it’s 6 … to         POSSIBLE

have a private life. Others are terrified of becoming 7 … .          POPULAR

They’re 8 … about their future and worry that they’ll lose          CERTAIN

their fame and career, and end up 9 … . It may be hard work      EMPLOY

getting to the top, but it’s even 10 … to stay there!                      HARD      

Keys

Ex.1   1.suspicious  2.poisonous  3.actor  4.achievement  5.decisive,successful

            6.activity  7.violence  8.pain  9.bravery  10.injured, alive

Ex.2  1.retirement  2.independent  3.booming  4.surprisingly  5.overcrowded

           6.experienced

Ex.3  1.fascination  2.adventurous  3.hunters  4.different  5.sadly  6.comfortable

          7.service  8.distance  9.dangerous  10.accomodation  11.cooking

          12.feeling

Ex.4  1.appointment  2.clubbing  3.behaved  4.importance  5.direction                            6.participate

Ex.5  1.incapable  2.illegal  3.unattractive  4.impolite  5.unfair  6.dishonest

          7.unkind  8.irrelevant

Ex.6  1.promotion  2.employment  3.activities  4.majority  5.enjoyment  6.attractions

Ex.7 1.attractive  2.employer  3.laziness  4.irrelevant  5.illegal  6.enjoyment

Ex.8  1.difficulty  2.responsibility  3.beliefs  4.applications  5.variety

          6.disagreed

Ex.9  1.unbelievable  2.disapprove  3.loudly  4.enjoyable  5.indecisive

          6.unsuitable

Ex.10 1.decision  2.disapprove  3.beliefs  4.disagree  5.suitable  6.irresponsible

Ex.11  1.anxious  2.comfortable  3.financial  4.unbelievable  5.expensive

            6.creative  7.valuable  8.unrecognisable  9.useless  10.endless

Ex.12  1.politician  2.environmentalists 3.protestors  4.Biologists 5.inspectors

            6.voters 7.protectors 8.campaigners  9.visitors  

Ex.13  1.unpopular  2.unemployed  3.agreement  4.vary  5.prescription  6Luckily

            7.expensively  8.invaluable  9.objections  10.financial  11.treatment

Ex.14  1.employment  2.laziness  3.politeness  4.kindness  5.promotion

            6.working  7.enjoyment  8.activity  9.attraction  10.unhappiness

Ex.15  1.relationships  2.arguments  3.feelings  4.advice  5.decisions

            6.knowledge  7.psychological  8.unsuccessful  9.information     10.entertainment

Ex.16  1.discussion  2.choice  3.appearance  4.description  5.variety        6.responsibility  7.agreement  8.difficulty  9.explanation  10.belief

Ex.17  1.entertainment  2.unemployed  3.suitable  4.disapprove  5.enjoyable

            6.unexpected  7.unable  8.uncomfortable  9.unlucky  10.disadvantage

Ex.18  1.successful  2.recognisable  3.desirable  4.endless  5.financial

            6.expensive  7.valuable  8.unbelievable  9.famous  10.creations

Ex.19  1.protestors  2.politicians  3.environmentalists  4.protection  5.endangered

            6.extinction  7.scientists  8.survival  9.destruction  10.global

Ex.20  1.famous  2.celebrity  3.unhappy  4.uncomfortable  5.unable

            6.impossible  7.unpopular  8.uncertain  9.unemployed  10.harder  

Запомни!

 Наиболее употребительные приставки (префиксы) и их значения:

 1. Префикс со значением “снова”, “заново”, “вновь”, “пере”:

re-      

to construct (строить) - to reconstruct (перестроить), to read (читать) - to reread (перечитать), to write (писать) - to rewrite (переписать)

2. Префиксы, которые придают слову противоположное значение или обозначают противоположное действие:

un-       dis-       de-       anti-     counter-

contra-      

to dress (одеваться) - to undress (раздеваться), to tie (связывать) - to untie (развязывать) 

to appear (появляться) - to disappear (исчезать)

formation (формирование) - deformation (деформация)

fascist (фашист) - anti-fascist (антифашист)

attack (атака) - counterattack (контратака)

to  contradict (противоречить, возражать)

3. Префиксы, имеющие отрицательное значение:

a-

ab-

un-        

im-        in-        

ir-         il-    dis-       mis-      non-    

amoral (аморальный, безнравственный)

absent (отсутствующий),  abnormal (ненормальный)

kind (добрый) - unkind (недобрый)

possible (возможный) - impossible (невозможный)

ability (способность) - inability (неспособность)

regular (регулярный) - irregular (нерегулярный) 

legal (легальный) - illegal (нелегальный) 

honest (честный) - dishonest (нечестный),

to understand (понимать) - to misunderstand (неправильно понять)

interference (вмешательство) - non-interference (невмешательство)

! NOTE !

Приставка, которая начинается на “i” изменяется в зависимости от того, какая за ней стоит буква: il + l, ir + r, im + b, m, p.

 

4. Префиксы, имеющие значение “сверх”, “пере”, “чрезмерно”:

over- super-  ultra-

extra-  

to pay (платить) - to overpay (переплатить)

human (человеческий) - superhuman (сверхчеловеческий) 

short (короткий) - ultra-short (ультракороткий)

extraordinary (необычный)

5.        Префиксы со значением “между”, “взаимно”:

со-      

inter-  

existence (существование) - co-existence (сосуществование)

national (национальный) - international (интернациональный)

6.        Префиксы, которые переводятся как

а)        “перед”:

рге-

fore-    

war (война) - pre-war (довоенный), historic (исторический) - prehistoric (доисторический)

to foresee (предвидеть)

б)        “после”:

post-    

war (война,) - post-war (послевоенный), revolutionary (революционный) - post-revolutionary (послереволюционный)

в)        “недостаточно”, “недо-“:

under-

to pay (платить) - to underpay (оплачивать низко, т.е. недостаточно оплачивать, недоплачивать), production (производство)  -  underproduction (недопроизводство)

г)        “под”:

sub-      

division (разделение) - subdivision (подразделение), committee (комиссия, комитет) -   subcommittee (подкомиссия)

д)        “экс”, “бывший”:

ex-      

champion (чемпион) - ex-champion (бывший чемпион)

е)        само-, авто-

auto-

autobiography (автобиография), automatic (автоматический) 

ж)        полу-

semi-

semifinal (полуфинал), semicircle (полукруг)

з)        через-, транс-

trans-

transatlantic (трансатлантический)

и)        вверх, кверху, наверху

up-

upstairs (вверх по лестнице), upside (верхняя часть), to uproot (вырывать с корнем)

к)        двойной, два, дважды

bi-

bilingual (двуязычный), bi-monthly (выходящий два раза в месяц)

л)        имеющий дело с книгами

bibli(o)-

bibliography (библиография)

м)        относящийся к жизни

bio-

biography (биография)

н)        второстепенное значение

by-

by-street (переулок, улочка)

о)        много-, мульти-, поли-

multi-

poly-

multicolored (многоцветный), multimillionaire (мультимиллионер)

polyglot (полиглот), polytechnic (политехнический)

п)        второстепенное значение

by-

by-street (переулок, улочка)

7. Префикс глагола, имеющий значение “делать”:

en-      

large (большой) - to enlarge (увеличивать, делать больше), danger (опасность) - to endanger (подвергать опасности), force (сила) - to enforce (принуждать, настаивать)

Основные суффиксы существительных:

1. Суффиксы, обозначающие принадлежность к

а)        политическому направлению профессии или нации:

-ist  

-an, -ian          

Communist (коммунист), Marxist (марксист}, materialist (материалист); 

artist (художник), typist (машинистка), pianist (пианист), historian (историк), librarian (библиотекарь), musician (музыкант); Russian (русский), Bulgarian (болгарин)

2. Суффикс, обозначающий учение, теорию, качество:

-ism      

marxism (марксизм), heroism (героизм)

3. Суффиксы, обозначающие действующее лицо, его занятие или должность:

-ег, -or

-ee, -eer        

to teach (учить) - teacher (учитель), to direct (руководить) - director (руководитель)

employee (служащий), refugee (беженец, эмигрант), auctioneer (аукционер), 

 4.        Суффикс, обозначающий результат действия:

-ment

-ade

achievement (достижение), agreement (согласие), government (правительство)

lemonade (лимонад), blockade (блокада)

5.        Суффиксы, обозначающие

а)        состояние:

-hood

-ship

-cy, -acy

brotherhood (братство), childhood (детство), manhood (мужественность)

dictatorship (диктатура), friendship (дружба), leadership (руководство)

accuracy (точность), infancy (младенчество), supremacy (превосходство)

б)        действие, состояние:

-age      

-ing    

-ence    

-ance  

-ion, -tion    

-ition, -ation

-sion    

-al  

shortage (нехватка), marriage (брак, супружество), voyage (путешествие) 

hunting (охота),  crossing (пересечение,  перекресток),  living (житье) 

silence (молчание), difference (различие)

importance (важность), resistance (сопротивление)

collection (собрание, коллекция), dictation (диктант, диктовка)

competition (соревнование), hesitation (сомнение, колебание)

decision (решение) 

removal ( удаление), arrival (прибытие), refusal (отказ), approval (одобрение) 

в) качество или состояние:

-dom  

-ness  

-ty            

freedom (свобода), kingdom (королевство), wisdom (мудрость) 

coldness (холод),  darkness  (темнота),  kindness (доброта), weakness (слабость) 

activity (активность), safety (безопасность)

г) место действия, занятие или состояние

-ery

bakery (булочная), surgery (кабинет хирурга), cookery (кулинария), slavery (рабство)

д) род занятий, отрасль науки

-ics

physics (физика), politics (политика)

Основные суффиксы прилагательных:

1.        Суффикс, образующий прилагательные от существительных и обозначающий национальную принадлежность или слабую степень качества:

-ese

-ish

Chinese (китаец, китайский), Japanese (японец, японский)

Pole (поляк) - Polish (польский), Scott (шотландец) - Scottish (шотландский)

red (красный) - reddish (красноватый), child (ребенок) - childish (ребячливый, детский)

2.        Суффиксы, образующие прилагательные от глаголов и обозначающие наличие качества:

-ive

-ent

-ant      

to act (действовать) - active (активный), to talk (разговаривать) – talkative (разговорчивый) 

to differ (различать) - different (различный), to insist (настаивать) - insistent (настойчивый) to observe (наблюдать, замечать) - observant (наблюдательный, внимательный)

3.        Суффиксы, образующие прилагательные от существительных
и обозначающие
наличие качества, свойства:

-ic    

-al

-ful

-ous  

-у                        

base (основа) - basic (основной), economy (экономика) - economic (экономический)

centre (центр) - central (центральный)

culture (культура) - cultural (культурный), beauty (красота) - beautiful (красивый)

peace (мир) - peaceful (мирный), fame (слава) - famous (знаменитый)

cloud (облако) - cloudy (облачный), sun (солнце) - sunny (солнечный)

4.        Суффиксы, образующие прилагательные от различных частей
речи и обозначающие

а)        качество, свойство:

-аrу

-огу          

element (элемент) - elementary (элементарный)

illusion (иллюзия) - illusory (обманчивый, иллюзорный)

б)        способность что-либо сделать, состояние, качество:

-able  

- ible        

to change (изменить) - changeable (изменчивый)

to eat (есть) - eatable (съедобный), reason (разум) - reasonable (разумный)

 

в)        отсутствие качества:

-less

useless (бесполезный), windless (безветренный)

Основные суффиксы глаголов:

-ate

-en      

-fy, -ify

-ize, -ise

active (активный) - to activate (активизировать)

short (короткий) - to shorten (укоротить)

pure (чистый) - to purify (очищать), simple (простой) - to simplify (упрощать)

character (характер) - to characterize (характеризовать)

Основные суффиксы наречий

Суффиксы, образующие наречия от

а) прилагательных, иногда - существительных, порядковых числительных и причастий:

-ly        

bad (плохой) - badly (плохо), part (часть) - partly (частично), first (первый) - firstly (во-первых)

б) существительных и наречий и обозначающие направление (или направленность):

-wards

-ward      

North (север) - northward(s) (к северу, на север), after (после) - afterwards (впоследствии, позже, потом), back (обратно, назад) - backward(s) (назад, в обратном направлении)

home (дом, домой) - homeward (к дому, по направлению к дому)

NOTE! В английском языке большое место занимают слова, заимствованные из других языков. Такие слова называются интернациональными. По корню этих слов легко догадаться об их значении. Например: telegram (телеграмма), orchestra (оркестр), concert (концерт) и др. Умение подмечать интернациональные слова в значительной степени облегчает работу по переводу текста.



Предварительный просмотр:

Электронное письмо на английском языке.

Электронные письма условно делятся на формальные и неформальные.

Формальные письма:

  • Корпоративная переписка.
  • Письма для деловых партнёров.
  • Письмо-обращение в организацию, техническую поддержку или интернет-магазин.

Неформальные письма:

  • Предназначаются знакомому, другу, приятелю.
  • Адресуются члену семьи.

Структура электронного письма на английском языке

Основные составляющие письма:

  • Subject (тема письма) – должна быть короткой, простой, максимально отражающей суть письма. Например, Custom declaration – Таможенная декларация. Неформальная тема письма: Birthday Invitation on 12th of February – Приглашение на день рождения 12 февраля.
  • Body (тело письма) – в данном разделе необходимо написать основное содержания письма.
  • Attachment (вложение) – если помимо текстового содержания необходимо прикрепить изображения, документы, договор, то непременно сделайте это, но укажите это получателю письма. Например, “Please find attached the file” – “Пожалуйста, ознакомьтесь с файлами во вложении”.
  • СС – это копия письма. Если вам необходимо отправить письмо нескольким адресатам, то укажите электронные адреса в данной строке.

Основные элементы email:

  • Приветствие – включает имя получателя, если оно известно. Например, “Hello John” – “Привет Джон” или “Good day Mr. Smith” – “Добрый день, мистер Смит”
  • Вступление – если вы пишете письмо незнакомому человеку, то представьтесь. Например, “My name is Julia, I am working as a web designer at ABC Company” – “Меня зовут Джулия, я работаю веб-дизайнером в ABC Company”.
  • Цель сообщения – основная часть письма, в которой необходимо указать основное содержание и цель письма.
  • Подробности – укажите ту информацию, на которую получатель должен обратить внимание, выделите все важные нюансы. Возможно, вы ожидаете обратной связи, или вам срочно необходимо получить от человека документ. Информация, написанная в отдельном абзаце, обязательно заострит внимание получателя на конкретной информации.
  • Завершите письмо базовой вежливой фразой, затем укажите свои данные и контакты. Если вы работаете в компании, то у вас наверняка уже имеется подпись на английском языке.

Шаблон подписи ниже:

Best regards,

Ivanov Ivan

Sales manager

ABC Company

T +1 (111) 111 11 11 (int.111)

F +1 (111) 111 11 11

M +1 (111) 111 11 11

E 1@abccompany.com

W www.abc.com

Электронное письмо на английском языке — пример

Ниже представлен ряд образцов фраз, которые могут быть полезны, если вы пишете деловое или неформальное письмо.

Как начать переписку по email на английском?

Проявите вежливость и начните переписку с вежливого обращения:

  • Dear Mr. Parker, / Dear Ms. Parker, / Dear Mrs. Parker, – Mr, — мистер, Ms. – обращение к незамужней даме, Mrs. – обращение к замужней даме.
  • Dear Sir, либо Dear Madam, – если вы знаете пол адресата, но не знаете имени.
  • Dear Sir or Madam, – употребляйте в случае, если не знаете пол адресата.
  • Dear partners, Dear colleagues – Уважаемые партнеры, Уважаемые коллеги.
  • Hi Katya, Hello Katya – Привет, Катя. Такое обращение приемлемо в случае неформальной переписки.

При формировании неформального емейла приветствие может быть любым, на ваше усмотрение.

Первое предложение в письме

Будучи инициатором письма, можете начать предложение с фразы:

  • I am writing in connection with – Я пишу в связи с…
  • I am writing to draw your attention – Я пишу с целью привлечь Ваше внимание к…
  • I am writing you to enquire about – Я пишу для того, чтобы узнать о…
  • I am writing on the subject of — Я пишу по причине…
  • I am writing in reference to – Я пишу относительно…

Отвечая на полученное письмо, руководствуйтесь нижеуказанными фразами:

  • Thank you for your email of 23th of May, asking about… — Благодарю Вас за письмо от 23 мая с вопросом о…
  • Thank you for your prompt reply. – Благодарю Вас за быстрый ответ.
  • Thanks for getting back to me. – Благодарю за то, что ответили мне.
  • Thank you for contacting our company. – Благодарим Вас за обращение в нашу компанию

Заключительная фраза в электронном письме

Финальная фраза донесет до адресата, каких действий вы от него ожидаете.

  • If you have any questions, please feel free to contact me. – Если у Вас есть какие-либо вопросы, пожалуйста, свяжитесь со мной.
  • I look forward to your reply/hearing from you – С нетерпением жду Вашего ответа.
  • Thank you for cooperation – Благодарю Вас за сотрудничество.

Вложения:

Если к письму прикреплены вложения, напишите об этом в письме:

  • Please find attached… (documents from the meeting). – Пожалуйста, найдите во вложении…
  • I am attaching… (our commercial offer). – Я прилагаю…

В конце письма, перед вашим именем в подписи, используются заключительные вежливые фразы:

  • Truly yours; Yours faithfully (Преданный Вам).
  • Your very sincere friend (Ваш искренний друг).
  • Lovingly yours (Любящий Вас).
  • Yours ever; Ever yours, Yours as always (Всегда Ваш).
  • Yours cordially (Сердечно Ваш).

Пример делового письма на английском языке:

https://speakenglishwell.ru/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/elektronnoe-pismo-na-anglijskom-yazyke-1.jpg

Электронное письмо другу на английском:

электронное письмо на английском языке пример

Пример делового письма по вышеуказанной структуре:

Dear Mr McAdam,

With reference to your last email regarding the current situation with the Skipton Airport Project, I can confirm the following:

We successfully completed stage 2 on Monday and at present we are preparing to start stage 3. On the whole, the project is going well. We have not encountered any problems with the machinery but there are still some minor issues with the delivery system.

As was pointed out in our last meeting, the problem with the delivery system is due to the software. It is a very common software issue and we just need time to correct the code. Rest assured that this issue is being looked into and we are confident that it will be resolved by the end of the month.

Please accept my apologises for not receiving a copy of the updated project report earlier. Please find attached a copy of the report at the end of email.

Concerning your question about the post-installation support package, I can confirm that we provide both remote and call-out site support 24 hours a day, 365 days a year. This covers remote monitoring, a service every 3 months, service engineer visits and the cost of all parts and labour.

With regards to your request to extend the period of post-installation support from 6 months to 12 months. May I suggest that we discuss this matter at the next project update meeting?

I hope that this answers your questions.

If you require any further assistance, please do not hesitate to contact me on my mobile, 07340 7602133.

I look forward to hearing from you.

Best regards,

James Brown,

Project Manager,

ABC Company

T +1 (111) 111 11 11 (int.111)

F +1 (111) 111 11 11

M +1 (111) 111 11 11

E 1@abccompany.com

W www.abc.com

Список полезных фраз, которые могут вам пригодиться в письме другу.

Начало письма:

  • How are you? – Как дела?/ Как ты?
  • How is your family? – Как твоя семья?
  • Thank you/Many thanks for your (recent/last) letter/postcard. – Спасибо/Премного благодарен за (недавнее/последнее) письмо / открытку.
  • I hope you are well. – Надеюсь, ты в порядке.
  • I was so surprised to hear that… – Я был удивлен услышать, что …
  • It was good / nice / great to hear from you again. – Было хорошо / приятно / прекрасно получить весть от тебя снова.
  • It’s ages since I’ve heard from you. I hope you’re well/you and your family are well. – Лет сто ничего не слышал от тебя. Надеюсь, ты в порядке/ты и твоя семья в порядке.
  • I’m sorry I haven’t written/haven’t been in touch for such a long time. – Извини, что не писал/не поддерживал связь так долго.

Если друг писал о новостях:

  • Glad to hear that… – Рад слышать, что…
  • Great news about… – Отличные новости о…
  • Sorry to hear about… – Жаль услышать о…

Если хотим поделиться новостями:

  • I thought you might be interested to hear about/know that… – Я подумал, тебе могла бы быть интересно услышать о/узнать, что…
  • Listen, did I tell you about …? You’ll never believe what… – Слушай, я тебе рассказывал о…? Ты никогда не поверишь, что…
  • By the way, have you heard about / did you know that…? – К стати, ты слышал о / ты знал, что…?
  • Oh, and another thing… This is just to let you know that … – О, и еще одно… Просто, чтобы ты знал, что…

Извиняемся:

  • I’m really sorry that I forgot to send you a birthday card but I was busy with my new job. – Прости, мне очень жаль, что я забыл отправить тебе открытку на день рождения, но я был занят новой работой.
  • I’m writing to apologise for missing your party but I’m afraid I was with flu. – Пишу, чтобы извиниться, что пропустил твою вечеринку, но, боюсь, у меня был грипп.

Приглашаем:

  • Could you let me know if you can come / you’d like to join us? – Мог бы ты дать мне знать, сможешь ли ты прийти/хотел бы ты присоединиться к нам?
  • I was wondering if you’d like to come on holiday with us. – Мне интересно, хотел бы ты поехать с нами на каникулы.
  • I’m / We’re having a party on Saturday 13th and I / we hope you’ll be able to come. – Я / Мы устраиваем вечеринку в субботу 13-го и надеемся, тебе удастся прийти.

Отвечаем на приглашение:

  • Thank you very much for your invitation. I’d love to come. – Большое спасибо за приглашение. Я бы с удовольствием пришел.
  • Thank you for inviting me to… but I»m afraid I won’t be able to… – Спасибо за приглашение на… но, боюсь, я не смогу…

Спрашиваем:

  • I’m writing to ask for your help/you (if you could do me) a favour. – Пишу тебе, чтобы попросить о помощи / (смог бы ты оказать мне) об услуге.
  • I wonder if you could help me/do me a favour. – Мне интересно, смог бы ты мне помочь / оказать услугу.
  • I’d be very / really / terribly grateful if you could… – Я был бы очень / действительно / ужасно благодарен, если бы ты мог.

Благодарим:

  • I’m writing to thank you for your hospitality/the wonderful present. – Пишу тебе, чтобы поблагодарить тебя за гостеприимство/замечательный подарок.
  • It was so kind of you to invite me to stay with you. – Это было так мило с вашей стороны пригласить меня остаться с вами.
  • I really appreciated all your help/advice. – Я действительно ценю твою помощь/совет.

Поздравляем/желаем удачи:

  • Congratulations on passing your exams/your excellent exam results! – Мои поздравления с успешной сдачей экзаменов/твоими отличными результатами!
  • I wish you good luck/Good luck in/with your exams/your interview. – Желаю тебе удачи/Удачи в/на экзаменах/собеседовании.
  • Don’t worry, I’m sure you’ll do well/pass. – Не волнуйся, я уверен, тебе всё удастся / сдашь.

Предлагаем и советуем:

  • Why don’t you…? – Почему бы тебе не…?
  • Maybe you could…? – Возможно ты мог бы…?
  • How about…? – Как насчет…?
  • You can’t leave Moscow without… (doing sth) – Ты не можешь покинуть Москву не… (сделав чего-то)
  • I’m sure you will enjoy… (doing sth). If you like, we can… – Я уверен, тебе понравится… (делать что-то). Если хочешь, мы можем…

Конечно же после того, как вы обо всем рассказали, на все вопросы ответили, нужно логически закончить письмо. Для этого также есть традиционные фразы.

Скажите, почему вы заканчиваете письмо:

  • Unfortunately, I need to / have to go. – К сожалению, мне нужно / я должен идти.
  • It’s time to finish. – Пора заканчивать.
  • Anyway, I must go and get on with my work! – В любом случае, мне нужно идти и справляться с работой.

Передайте привет или скажите о следующей встрече/письме:

  • Give my love / regards to… / Say hello to… – Передавай привет…
  • Anyway, don’t forget to let me know the dates of the party. – В любом случае, не забудь сообщить мне о датах вечеринки.
  • We must try and meet up soon. – Нужно постараться встретиться скоро.
  • I can’t wait to hear from you. – Не могу дождаться вестей от тебя.
  • Look forward to seeing you again. – С нетерпением жду встречи с тобой снова.
  • Hope to hear from you soon. – Надеюсь, скоро услышимся.
  • See you soon. – До скорой встречи

И в заключение не забываем о традиционном пожелании с новой строки

  • Love,/Lots of love, – С любовью,
  • All the best, – Всего наилучшего,
  • Take care, – Береги себя,
  • Best wishes, – С наилучшими пожеланиями.

Образцы писем другу с переводом

Задание написать письмо на английском языке встречается и в ГИА и в ЕГЭ. В школьной программе ученики пробуют писать первые письма начиная с 5 класса.

Пример 1 (Как я провел лето)

Dear Michael,

Thank you for your recent letter. It is so wonderful to hear from you! I am very glad that you had a good vacation.

As for me, I also spent a wonderful vacation. First, I lived with my parents in the garden. The weather was hot and I swam a lot with my friends. We played soccer and rode bicycles.

And in August we went to Cyprus with my parents. It is a large island in the Mediterranean with a wonderful climate. We swam in the sea and were lying in the shade of huge eucalyptus trees. We traveled along the mountain paths and played tennis. Anyway, it was a memorable summer.

How did your academic year begin? Are there newcomers in your class? Any new subjects?

I’m sorry, I have to go to the sports section.

All the best!
Ivan

Перевод

Дорогой Майкл,

Спасибо за твое последнее письмо. Так замечательно получить известие от тебя! Я очень рад, что у тебя были хорошие каникулы.

Что касается меня, то я тоже провел замечательные каникулы. Сначала я жил с родителями в саду. Стояла жаркая погода и я с друзьями много купался. Мы играли в футбол и катались на велосипедах.

А в августе мы с родителями поехали отдыхать на Кипр. Это большой остров в Средиземном море с замечательным климатом. Мы купались в море и лежали в тени огромных эвкалиптов. Мы путешествовали по горным тропам и играли в большой теннис. Во всяком случае, это было запоминающееся лето.

Как ты начал учебу? Есть ли новенькие в классе? А новые учебные предметы?

Извини, мне пора идти в спортивную секцию.

Всего наилучшего!
Иван

Пример 2 (О любимой книге)

Dear Tom,

Thank you for your letter. I’m happy to get it.

I agree with you that it’s a pleasure to turn over the pages of a book in a bookshop when choosing it. Besides you can read the fragments and look at the pictures.

As for my favourite novel, it is «One Hundred Years of Solitude» by Gabriel Garcia Marquez. It’s about the Buendia family who lives in South America. The novel is full of mysterious events and the characters have magical abilities. I think that the most important thing in a novel is its plot because it helps us to follow the characters and analyze their behavior.

Well, are you going to take part in the quiz show? What tasks will there be in the show? Where will it take place?

Take care!

Best wishes,
Tanya

Перевод

Дорогой Том!

Спасибо за твое письмо. Я счастлива, что получила его.

Я согласна с тобой, что приятно перелистывать страницы книги в книжном магазине, когда выбираешь ее. Кроме того, ты можешь читать фрагменты книги и смотреть в ней фотографии.

Что касается моего любимого романа, это «Сто лет одиночества» Габриэль Гарсия Маркес. Речь идет о семье Буэндиа, которые живут в Южной Америке. Роман полон таинственных событий и персонажей, у которых есть магические способности. Я думаю, что самым главным в романе является сюжет, потому что он помогает нам следовать за персонажами и анализировать их поведение.

Итак, вы собираетесь принять участие в викторине-шоу? Какие задачи будут в этом шоу? Где она будет проходить?

Берегите себя!

С наилучшими пожеланиями,
Таня

Пример 3 (Приглашение на пикник)

Dear Brian,

Two of my friends from Germany arrived in the morning today. We are going for a picnic to Sergiev Posad July 10. We shall go there by a taxi.

We will start our journey at 7 am and return till 9 pm. Sergiev Posad has many beautiful places and is of historical significance. I insist upon you to try your best to accompany us. It shall be a great pleasure to have you in our company.

My regards to your parents.

Yours sincerely,
Alex

Перевод

Дорогой Брайэн,

Двое моих друзей из Германии прибыли сегодня утром. Мы собираемся на пикник в Сергиев Посад 10 июля. Мы поедем туда на такси. Мы начнем наше путешествие в 7 часов утра и возвращаемся до 9 вечера.

В Сергиевом Посаде много красивых мест и он имеет историческое значение. Я настаиваю, чтобы ты сделал все возможное, чтобы сопровождать нас. Будет очень приятно видеть тебя в нашей компании.

Привет твоим родителям.

Искренне твой,
Алекс

Пример 4

Dear Paul,

Thank you for your letter! I’m glad to hear that you’ve passed your driving test! Congratulations!

I’m sorry I haven’t written for such a long time. I’ve been really busy with my new project. By the way, thank you for your brilliant idea. I really had the best presentation last time. I really appreciated your advice.

As for your question, I think all you have to do is just regular exercises. Don’t be lazy and try to find at least 20-30 minutes for your health every day. There is a rule of 30 minutes a day: if you do something at least 30 minutes a day you will have a result at the end of the week. For example, if you read 50 pages during this time, at the end of the week you’ll have total of about 350 pages. If we say that we don’t have enough time for it (as we usually do) we have 0 result at the end of the week. Besides, they say that it takes 21 days to form a new habit. So all you have to do is to take the bull by the horns and try it for just 3 weeks.

Unfortunately, I need to come back to my project. I hope my advice was helpful.

Hope to hear from you soon.

Take care,
Victor

Перевод

Дорогой Пол,
Спасибо за твое письмо!

Я рад узнать, что ты сдал на права! Поздравляю!

Извини, что не писал тебе долгое время. Я был очень занят со своим новым проектом. Кстати, спасибо за отличную идею. У меня действительно была прекрасная презентация в прошлый раз. Я действительно оценил твой совет.

Что касается твоего вопроса, мне кажется, все, что тебе нужно делать, это просто регулярные упражнения. Не ленись и старайся находить хотя бы 20-30 минут в день для своего здоровья. Существует правило 30 минут в день: если ты делаешь что-то хотя бы 30 минут в день, в конце недели у тебя будет результат. Например, если ты читаешь 50 страниц в течение этого времени, к концу недели у тебя будет уже 350 страниц. Если мы говорим, что у нас нет на это времени (как мы обычно делаем), у нас будет нулевой результат в конце недели. К тому же, говорят, нужно 21 день, чтобы сформировать новую привычку. Поэтому всё, что тебе нужно сделать, это взять быка за рога и пробовать в течение 3-х недель.

К сожалению, мне нужно возвращаться к своему проекту. Надеюсь, мой совет был полезен.
Надеюсь на скорый ответ.

Удачи,
Виктор



Предварительный просмотр:

When the English tongue we speak

Why is break not rhymed with weak?

Will you tell me why it’s true:

We say sew but also few

When we want to make a verse-

We can’t rhyme a horse with worse.

Beard is different from heard,

Lord is not pronounced like word.

Сow is cow, but low is low,

And we do don’t read like go.

We have year and hearand pear,

Come and home and are and care.

So, why done, but gone and stone-

Is the any reason known?

And, in short, it seems to me,

Sounds and letters disagree.

(anonymous)

Это английское стихотворение наглядно иллюстрирует какое разнообразие царит вмире английских букв и звуков. Одно и то же сочетание букв  может иметь несколько вариантов чтения.

Чтобы мы не сомневались, правильно ли нами прочитано слово- Фея Транскрипция поможет нам. Транскрипция- это запись звучания буквы или слова в виде последовательности специальных фонетических символов, или, как можно ещё выразиться - письменное обозначения звука. Давайте же познакомимся с друзьями Феи Транскрипции - звуками и их письменными обозначениями.

Одиночные звуки

Согласные

звуки

произношение

Гласные

 звуки

произношение

b

б

ʌ

а - короткое

d

д

a:

а - глубокое

f

ф

i

и - короткое

ж

i:

и - долгое

dᴣ

дж

О

о - короткое

Дифтонги

Согласные

звуки

произношение

Гласные

 звуки

произношение

ts

ч

au

ау

j

и - краткое

ei

эй

ɵ

межзубное  без голоса

oi

ой

ȵ

носовой на франц. манер

ai

ай

______________________________________________________________________

Одиночные звуки

Согласные

звуки

произношение

Гласные

 звуки

произношение

b

б

ʌ

а - короткое

d

д

a:

а - глубокое

f

ф

i

и - короткое

ж

i:

и - долгое

dᴣ

дж

О

о - короткое

Дифтонги

Согласные

звуки

произношение

Гласные

 звуки

произношение

ts

ч

au

ау

j

и - краткое

ei

эй

ɵ

межзубное  без голоса

oi

ой

ȵ

носовой на франц. манер

ai

ай

Упражнения на артикуляторную гимнастику

  1. Широко откройте рот и держите нижнюю челюсть неподвижной. Попеременно упирайте кончик языка в альвеолы верхних и нижних зубов. Губы свободны, не напряжены.
  2. Упирайте кончик языка попеременно, с выдержкой, во внутреннюю поверхность правой и левой щеки.
  3. Сделайте оба упражнения. На четыре счёта язык упирается в альвеолы верхних и нижних зубов, а затем в обе щеки.

_______________________________________________________________

Упражнения на артикуляторную гимнастику

  1. Широко откройте рот и держите нижнюю челюсть неподвижной. Попеременно упирайте кончик языка в альвеолы верхних и нижних зубов. Губы свободны, не напряжены.
  2. Упирайте кончик языка попеременно, с выдержкой, во внутреннюю поверхность правой и левой щеки.
  3. Сделайте оба упражнения. На четыре счёта язык упирается в альвеолы верхних и нижних зубов, а затем в обе щеки.

________________________________________________________________________

Упражнения на артикуляторную гимнастику

  1. Широко откройте рот и держите нижнюю челюсть неподвижной. Попеременно упирайте кончик языка в альвеолы верхних и нижних зубов. Губы свободны, не напряжены.
  2. Упирайте кончик языка попеременно, с выдержкой, во внутреннюю поверхность правой и левой щеки.
  3. Сделайте оба упражнения. На четыре счёта язык упирается в альвеолы верхних и нижних зубов, а затем в обе щеки.

Упражнения на развитие речевого (фонематического и интонационного) слуха.

  1. Прослушайте в магнитной записи звуки, слоги, слова и предложения, читаемые разными дикторами, и отметьте номерами женские, мужские и детские голоса.
  2. Определите большую или меньшую чёткость произношения дикторов. Определите темп двух фонограмм (более быстрый или более медленный).
  3.  Из воспринятого на слух ряда звуков вычлените, и запишите указанные преподавателем звуки, сначала наблюдая артикуляцию преподавателя, затем, не наблюдая её.
  4. Устно разделите услышанное слово на звуки и назовите их.
  5. Определите количество слогов в услышанных словах.
  6. Установите количество кратких гласных в услышанных словах.
  7. Прослушайте слова и назовите те, которые рифмуются.
  8. Выделите на слух из связного текста слова с тренируемым звуком и запишите их в орфографии.
  9. Определите количество слов в прослушанных предложениях
  10. Составьте слово из прослушанных изолированных звуков и запишите его в орфографии.
  11. Определите на слух место ударения и его роль: смыслоразличительную, логико-выделительную, модальную.
  12. Определите паузы в звучащем речевом потоке.

________________________________________________________________________

Упражнения на развитие речевого (фонематического и интонационного) слуха.

  1. Прослушайте в магнитной записи звуки, слоги, слова и предложения, читаемые разными дикторами, и отметьте номерами женские, мужские и детские голоса.
  2. Определите большую или меньшую чёткость произношения дикторов. Определите темп двух фонограмм (более быстрый или более медленный).
  3.  Из воспринятого на слух ряда звуков вычлените, и запишите указанные преподавателем звуки, сначала наблюдая артикуляцию преподавателя, затем, не наблюдая её.
  4. Устно разделите услышанное слово на звуки и назовите их.
  5. Определите количество слогов в услышанных словах.
  6. Установите количество кратких гласных в услышанных словах.
  7. Прослушайте слова и назовите те, которые рифмуются.
  8. Выделите на слух из связного текста слова с тренируемым звуком и запишите их в орфографии.
  9. Определите количество слов в прослушанных предложениях
  10. Составьте слово из прослушанных изолированных звуков и запишите его в орфографии.
  11. Определите на слух место ударения и его роль: смыслоразличительную, логико-выделительную, модальную.
  12. Определите паузы в звучащем речевом потоке

Формирование произносительных навыков

  1. Многократно прослушайте звук во фразе, слове, затем прослушайте изолированный звук.
  2. Прослушайте ряд звуков и поднимите руку, когда услышите заданный звук.
  3. Прослушайте пары звуков и поднимите руку, когда услышите новый звук.
  4. Прослушайте предложения и скажите, сколько раз в нём встретился данный звук.
  5. Прослушайте предложения и поднимите руку, когда услышите повествовательное (вопросительное, отрицательное) предложение.
  6. В ряду слов (словосочетаний, предложений) подчеркните то, которое произносит диктор.
  7. Подчеркните в предложении слово, на которое падает ударение.
  8. Сделайте фонетическую разметку текста на основе голоса преподавателя, прочитайте затем текст в слух.
  9. Произнесите вслед за диктором звуки (слоги, слова, словосочетания), обращая внимание на произношение указанных звуков.
  10. Назовите слова, содержащие определённый звук.
  11. Произнесите слова по слогам, обращая внимание на произношение гласных (согласных) в начальной (конечной) позиции.
  12. Прослушайте пары слов на русском и иностранном языках и повторите вслед за преподавателем только слова на иностранном языке.
  13. Произнесите вслед за диктором пары слов, обращая внимание на различное произношение звуков.
  14. Произнесите коммуникативное предложение сначала медленно, затем быстро.
  15. Проговорите по памяти пословицу (скороговорку, стихотворение, текст) сначала медленно, затем быстро.

Формирование произносительных навыков

  1. Многократно прослушайте звук во фразе, слове, затем прослушайте изолированный звук.
  2. Прослушайте ряд звуков и поднимите руку, когда услышите заданный звук.
  3. Прослушайте пары звуков и поднимите руку, когда услышите новый звук.
  4. Прослушайте предложения и скажите, сколько раз в нём встретился данный звук.
  5. Прослушайте предложения и поднимите руку, когда услышите повествовательное (вопросительное, отрицательное) предложение.
  6. В ряду слов (словосочетаний, предложений) подчеркните то, которое произносит диктор.
  7. Подчеркните в предложении слово, на которое падает ударение.
  8. Сделайте фонетическую разметку текста на основе голоса преподавателя, прочитайте затем текст в слух.
  9. Произнесите вслед за диктором звуки (слоги, слова, словосочетания), обращая внимание на произношение указанных звуков.
  10. Назовите слова, содержащие определённый звук.
  11. Произнесите слова по слогам, обращая внимание на произношение гласных (согласных) в начальной (конечной) позиции.
  12. Прослушайте пары слов на русском и иностранном языках и повторите вслед за преподавателем только слова на иностранном языке.
  13. Произнесите вслед за диктором пары слов, обращая внимание на различное произношение звуков.
  14. Произнесите коммуникативное предложение сначала медленно, затем быстро.
  15. Проговорите по памяти пословицу (скороговорку, стихотворение, текст) сначала медленно, затем быстро.

Задание I. Чтение окончаний множественного числа существительных.

Найдите лишнее слово в каждом ряду:

  1. A) books B) pens C) ears D) boys
  2. A) matches  B) wolves C) watches D) bushes
  3. A) roads  B) towns C)stars D) deer
  4. A) days B) flags C) teeth D) eyes
  5. A) cats B) families C) tragedies D) secretaries
  6. A) bushes B) houses C) peaches D) bananas
  7. A) desks B) ways C) lemons D) toys
  8. A) tables B) matches C) thieves D) keys
  9. A) plates B) heroes C) plants D) shops
  10. A) foxes B) buses C) brushes D) plays
  11. A) rooms B) chairs C) parks D) lions
  12. A) ladies B) knives C) countries D) babies

Задание I. Чтение окончаний множественного числа существительных.

Найдите лишнее слово в каждом ряду:

  1.      A) books B) pens C) ears D) boys
  2. A) matches  B) wolves C) watches D) bushes
  3. A) roads  B) towns C)stars D) deer
  4. A) days B) flags C) teeth D) eyes
  5. A) cats B) families C) tragedies D) secretaries
  6. A) bushes B) houses C) peaches D) bananas
  7. A) desks B) ways C) lemons D) toys
  8. A) tables B) matches C) thieves D) keys
  9. A) plates B) heroes C) plants D) shops
  10. A) foxes B) buses C) brushes D) plays
  11. A) rooms B) chairs C) parks D) lions
  12. A) ladies B) knives C) countries D) babies

Задание II. Чтение окончаний правильных глаголов во 2-й и 3-ей формах.

Найдите лишнее слово в каждом ряду:

  1. A) cook B) dance C) like D) wait
  2. A) smile B) help C) clean D) happen
  3. A) want B) need C) hesitate D) jump
  4. A) push B) paint C) skate D) collect
  5. A) stop B) wash C) ask D) answer
  6. A) close B) love C) intend D) inform
  7. A) visit B) decide C) demand D) skip
  8. A) thank B) laugh C) follow D) work
  9. A) happen B) play C) hope D) offer
  10. A) start B) invite C) pretend D)remember
  11. A) watch B) help C) continue D) wish
  12. A) live B) pull C) agree D) hate

Задание II. Чтение окончаний правильных глаголов во 2-й и 3-ей формах.

Найдите лишнее слово в каждом ряду:

  1. A) cook B) dance C) like D) wait
  2. A) smile B) help C) clean D) happen
  3. A) want B) need C) hesitate D) jump
  4. A) push B) paint C) skate D) collect
  5. A) stop B) wash C) ask D) answer
  6. A) close B) love C) intend D) inform
  7. A) visit B) decide C) demand D) skip
  8. A) thank B) laugh C) follow D) work
  9. A) happen B) play C) hope D) offer
  10. A) start B) invite C) pretend D)remember
  11. A) watch B) help C) continue D) wish
  12. A) live B) pull C) agree D) hate

Задание III. Найдите слово, в котором ударный звук совпадает с подчёркнутым словом:

  1. Brave A) grass B) trade C) ball D) ham
  2. Snow A) fork B) row C) aloud D) stop
  3. Sock A) nose B) spoon C) born D) cross
  4. Jam A) plate B) harvest C) sand D) sharp
  5. Scene A) grey B) wet C) seem D) here
  6. Door  A) role  B) blouse C) throw D) floor
  7. Brown  A) crowd B) clothes C) zoo D) company
  8. Fix A) fire B) dish C) climate D) piece
  9. Sum A)turn B) student C) hungry D) sugar
  10. Skirt  A) flight B) thin  C) wife D) circus
  11. Butter A) republic B) hurt C) suit D) duty
  12. Hide  A) give B) arrive C) wing D) wire

Задание III. Найдите слово, в котором ударный звук совпадает с подчёркнутым словом:

  1. Brave A) grass B) trade C) ball D) ham
  2. Snow A) fork B) row C) aloud D) stop
  3. Sock A) nose B) spoon C) born D) cross
  4. Jam A) plate B) harvest C) sand D) sharp
  5. Scene A) grey B) wet C) seem D) here
  6. Door  A) role  B) blouse C) throw D) floor
  7. Brown  A) crowd B) clothes C) zoo D) company
  8. Fix A) fire B) dish C) climate D) piece
  9. Sum A)turn B) student C) hungry D) sugar
  10. Skirt  A) flight B) thin  C) wife D) circus
  11. Butter A) republic B) hurt C) suit D) duty
  12. Hide  A) give B) arrive C) wing D) wire

Задание IV. Найдите слово, которое содержит данный звук:

  1. [ɔ:] A) company B) color C) caught D)correct
  2. [ei] A) daylight B) dictionary C) daughter D) distance
  3. [ᴂ] A) aloud B) attention C) athlete D)although
  4. [a:] A)  slave B)sharp C) smile D) small
  5. [ou] A) room B) role C) roar D) rest
  6. [i:] A) sleep B) slow C) sound D) soup
  7. [u] A) love B) nice C) novel D) look
  8. [ʌ] A) team B) tired C) thank D) touch
  9. [u:] A) turn D) tinned C) throughD) though
  10. [ә:] A) both B) brave C) blouse D)burn
  11. [к] A) knife B) joke C) kneel D) knight
  12. [ɛə] A) chalk B) champion C) care D)centre

Задание IV. Найдите слово, которое содержит данный звук:

  1. [ɔ:] A) company B) color C) caught D)correct
  2. [ei] A) daylight B) dictionary C) daughter D) distance
  3. [ᴂ] A) aloud B) attention C) athlete D)although
  4. [a:] A)  slave B)sharp C) smile D) small
  5. [ou] A) room B) role C) roar D) rest
  6. [i:] A) sleep B) slow C) sound D) soup
  7. [u] A) love B) nice C) novel D) look
  8. [ʌ] A) team B) tired C) thank D) touch
  9. [u:] A) turn D) tinned C) throughD) though
  10. [ә:] A) both B) brave C) blouse D)burn
  11. [к] A) knife B) joke C) kneel D) knight
  12. [ɛə] A) chalk B) champion C) care D)centre

Задание V. Найди лишнее слово.

  1. A) grass  B) dark C) trade D) pass
  2. A) fork B) row C) snow D) rope
  3. A) jam B) sack C) plate D) cat
  4. A) book B) floor C) cook D) stood
  5. A) brown B) caw C) crown D) law
  6. A) while  B) white C) which D) wild
  7.  A) laugh B) night C) daughter D) weight
  8.  A) pull B) but C) push D) put
  9.  A) cat D) care C) cinema D) country
  10.  A) spoon B) cool C) blood D) troop
  11.  A) son B) sum C) sun D) song
  12.  A) thing B) this C) thank D) three

Задание V. Найди лишнее слово.

  1. A) grass  B) dark C) trade D) pass
  2. A) fork B) row C) snow D) rope
  3. A) jam B) sack C) plate D) cat
  4. A) book B) floor C) cook D) stood
  5. A) brown B) caw C) crown D) law
  6. A) while  B) white C) which D) wild
  7.  A) laugh B) night C) daughter D) weight
  8.  A) pull B) but C) push D) put
  9.  A) cat D) care C) cinema D) country
  10.  A) spoon B) cool C) blood D) troop
  11.  A) son B) sum C) sun D) song
  12.  A) thing B) this C) thank D) three

Задание VI. Раздели слова на группы согласно ударному звуку.

1. [ɔ] 2. [ɔ:]3.[ʌ] 4. [a:] 5. [ᴂ] 6. [i:] 7. [i] 8.[u:]9. [u]

Father, afternoon, pass, glass, not, dog, coffee, hop, doll, got, big, sister, six, milk, but, son, come, love, monkey, mother, duck, funny, jump, uncle, puppy, under, cup, tea cup, put, pull, push, blue, do, who, school, pupil, juice, please, clean, tea, athlete, map, caught, daughter,  apple, stop, clock, beat, touch.

Задание VII. Выберите слова, в которых буквы e, h, r, k, w, gh не читаются:

Plate, what, card, knife, write, time, eight, work, when, fork, keen, know, who, laugh, night, where, wrong, light, rain, hour, picture.

_______________________________________________________________________

Задание VI. Раздели слова на группы согласно ударному звуку.

1. [ɔ] 2. [ɔ:]3.[ʌ] 4. [a:] 5. [ᴂ] 6. [i:] 7. [i] 8.[u:]9. [u]

Father, afternoon, pass, glass, not, dog, coffee, hop, doll, got, big, sister, six, milk, but, son, come, love, monkey, mother, duck, funny, jump, uncle, puppy, under, cup, tea cup, put, pull, push, blue, do, who, school, pupil, juice, please, clean, tea, athlete, map, caught, daughter,  apple, stop, clock, beat, touch.

Задание VII. Выберите слова, в которых буквы e, h, r, k, w, gh не читаются:

Plate, what, card, knife, write, time, eight, work, when, fork, keen, know, who, laugh, night, where, wrong, light, rain, hour, picture.

Задание VIII. Определите в каком типе слога читается гласная:

буква

Тип слога

A)

B)

C)

D)

1

a

I

mat

bake

far

tame

2

i

II

climate

sir

fish

blind

3

a

III

care

case

card

catch

4

i

IV

nice

birth

smile

fire

5

u

I

duck

dust

duty

dumb

6

o

II

more

frog

poke

phone

7

o

III

boat

fork

coke

log

8

a

IV

dark

dank

dance

dare

9

e

I

derby

then

desk

tree

10

u

II

but

tube

turn

cure

11

i

III

ship

shine

shirt

chip

12

e

IV

here

her

ten

keen

Задание VIII. Определите в каком типе слога читается гласная:

буква

Тип слога

A)

B)

C)

D)

1

a

I

mat

bake

far

tame

2

i

II

climate

sir

fish

blind

3

a

III

care

case

card

catch

4

i

IV

nice

birth

smile

fire

5

u

I

duck

dust

duty

dumb

6

o

II

more

frog

poke

phone

7

o

III

boat

fork

coke

log

8

a

IV

dark

dank

dance

dare

9

e

I

derby

then

desk

tree

10

u

II

but

tube

turn

cure

11

i

III

ship

shine

shirt

chip

12

e

IV

here

her

ten

keen

Задание VIII. Определите в каком типе слога читается гласная:

буква

Тип слога

A)

B)

C)

D)

1

a

I

mat

bake

far

tame

2

i

II

climate

sir

fish

blind

3

a

III

care

case

card

catch

4

i

IV

nice

birth

smile

fire

5

u

I

duck

dust

duty

dumb

6

o

II

more

frog

poke

phone

7

o

III

boat

fork

coke

log

8

a

IV

dark

dank

dance

dare

9

e

I

derby

then

desk

tree

10

u

II

but

tube

turn

cure

11

i

III

ship

shine

shirt

chip

12

e

IV

here

her

ten

keen

Задание IX. Найдите слово с нужным типом слога:

Тип слога

A)

B)

C)

D)

1

I

map

nose

here

fur

2

II

car

same

red

far

3

III

close

same

barn

rose

4

IV

hand

hair

here

hook

5

I

must

nylon

girl

member

6

II

mat

table

frame

sake

7

III

hire

ten

name

corn

8

IV

duty

fare

ball

file

9

I

pen

nine

sand

can

10

II

black

fur

tree

care

11

III

tooth

horse

body

eye

12

IV

beauty

fire

smell

taste

Задание IX. Найдите слово с нужным типом слога:

Тип слога

A)

B)

C)

D)

1

I

map

nose

here

fur

2

II

car

same

red

far

3

III

close

same

barn

rose

4

IV

hand

hair

here

hook

5

I

must

nylon

girl

member

6

II

mat

table

frame

sake

7

III

hire

ten

name

corn

8

IV

duty

fare

ball

file

9

I

pen

nine

sand

can

10

II

black

fur

tree

care

11

III

tooth

horse

body

eye

12

IV

beauty

fire

smell

taste

Задание IX. Найдите слово с нужным типом слога:

Тип слога

A)

B)

C)

D)

1

I

map

nose

here

fur

2

II

car

same

red

far

3

III

close

same

barn

rose

4

IV

hand

hair

here

hook

5

I

must

nylon

girl

member

6

II

mat

table

frame

sake

7

III

hire

ten

name

corn

8

IV

duty

fare

ball

file

9

I

pen

nine

sand

can

10

II

black

fur

tree

care

11

III

tooth

horse

body

eye

12

IV

beauty

fire

smell

taste

Скороговорки. Tongue-twisters.

  1. The black cat sat on a mat and ate a fat rat.

  1. Betty Botta bought some butter, But she said, this butter’s bitter. But a bit of better butter will make my batter better.

  1. She sells seashells on the seashore, the shells that she sells are seashells, I’m sure.

  1. A big black bug bit a big black bear, A big black bear bit a big black bug.

  1. Thirty-three thousand people think that Thursday is their thirtieth birthday.

  1. What noise annoys an oyster most? A noisy noise annoys an oyster most.

  1. Ripe white wheat reapers reap ripe white wheat right.

  1. Blake’s black bike’s back brake bracket block broke.

  1. Each Easter Eddie eats eighty Easter eggs.

  1. She slits the sheet she sits on.

  1. A rough-coated, dough-faced, thoughtful ploughman strode through the streets of Scarborough; after falling into a slough, he coughed and hiccoughed.

  1. A twister of twists once twisted a twist. and the twist that he twisted was a three twisted twist. now in twisting this twist, if a twist should untwist, would the twist that untwisted untwist the twists.

Упражнения

Упражнение 1. Прочитайте слова-лесенку, постепенно ускоряя темп:

Take

Take bear

Take that bear

Take that big bear

Take that big white bear

Take that nice big white funny bear

Take that nice big white funny bear out of the bag

Put

Put this

Put this monkey

Put this little monkey

Put this little brown monkey

Put this little brown funny monkey

Put this little brown funny monkey on the chair

Упражнение 2. Прочитайте, обращая внимание на артикуляцию английских звуков:

Чистоговорки

[ai-ai-ai] – this tiger is mine

[i:-i:-i:] – we sit under the tree

[u:- u:- u:] – it’s two to two

[im-im-im] – I’m eating ice cream

[oks-oks] – a fox is in the box

[ɑu- ɑi] – a cloud is in the sky

[i:-ɑ:-ai] –these are my kite and tie

[ɔ:-u.-ei] – all is good O.K

[ɔ:-u.-ei] – let’s go home

[ɔ:-u.-ei] – Tom, Open the door

[est-est] – my teacher is it best!

[ju:-ju:-ju:] – I’m glad to see you!

[ei-ei-ei] – I like to skate and play

[ɔ:-ei-ei] – what day is it today

[ɔ:-ɔ:-ɔ:] – I walk on the floor

[i:-i.-i] – I sit on a tree

Упражнение 3. Прочтите предложения, обращая внимание на выделенные буквы и буквосочетания:

a - Kate has a cat, a car and a hare

o - Rose has a dog, a fork and an ore

u - Susan has a cup, a turkey and a pure orange juice

e - Pete has a pet and a perfume here

I - Mike has a pig, a bird and a fire

oo - [u]  Look, here is a book. We can cook.

oo - [u:] There is a pool near our school.

ee - [i:] I see a bee in a tree.

ea - [i:]  I like tea and cream. Ieatmeat.

Упражнение 4. Прочитайте скороговорки:

Tongue-twisters (Скороговорки)

Peter Piper picked a peck

Of pickled peppers.

A peck of pickled peppers

Peter Piper picked.

If Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers-

Where’s the peck of pickled peppers Peter Piper picked?

Fuzzy Wuzzy was a bear.

A bear was Fuzzy Wuzzy.

When Fuzzy Wuzzy had no hair –

He wasn’t fuzzy, was he?

How much wood

Would a woodchuck chuck

If a woodchuck

Could chuck wood?

A cook has a good look at a cookery book.

A black cat sat on a mat and ate a fat rat.

Mary and Clare have a hare and a pear.

Тест по фонетике английского языка.

1. Буква «а» стоит в I типе слога в слове:

A) mat   B) bake   C) far   D) dare   E) fat

2. Буква «u» стоит в I типе слога в слове:

A) dusk   B) dust   C) duty   D) duress   E) dumb

3. Буква «а» стоит в III типе слога в слове:

A) care   B) case   C) card   D) cash   E) catch

4. Буква «i» стоит в IV типе слога в слове:

A) nice   B) birth   C) smile   D) fire   E) bird

5. Буква «e» стоит в I типе слога в слове:

A) derby   B) then   C) desk   D) tree   E) fellow

6. Буква «i» стоит в II типе слога в слове:

A) climate   B) sir   C) fist   D) blind   E) fish

7. Буква «o» стоит в III типе слога в слове:

A) boat   B) logical   C) coke   D) log   E) fork

8. Буква «o» стоит в II типе слога в слове:

A) more   B) frog   C) poke   D) mouse   E) phone

9. Буква «i» стоит в III типе слога в слове:

A) ship   B) shine   C) shield   D) shirt   E) shin

10. Буква «а» стоит в IV типе слога в слове:

A) dark   B) dank   C) dance   D) dale   E) dare

11. Выберите слово с III типом слога:

A) Close   B) Same   C) Rose   D) Base   E) Barn

12. Выберите слово с I типом слога:

A) map   B) nose   C) here   D) Barn   E) fur

13. Выберите слово с II типом слога:

A) Car   B) Same   C) Red   D) Burn   E) far

14. Выберите слово с IV типом слога:

A) hand   B) hair C) handsome   D) here   E) hook

15. Выберите слово с IV типом слога:

A) duty   B) ball   C) file   D) flower   E) far        

16. Выберите слово с I типом слога:

A) Must   B) Nylon   C) Member   D) Girl   E) Hour

17. Выберите слово с II типом слога:

A) Mat   B) Frame   C) Tame   D) Table   E) Sake

18. Выберите слово с II типом слога:

A) Rye   B) Mine   C) Gave   D) Sand   E) Pie

19. Выберите слово с IV типом слога:

A) black   B) small   C) fur   D) care   E) mug

20. Выберите слово с III типом слога:

A) tooth   B) animal   C) eye   D) body   E) horse

21. Выберите слово с I типом слога:

A) room   B) paper   C) book   D) yard   E) clock

22. Выберите слово с II типом слога:

A) play   B) jump   C) find   D) leave   E) day

        

23. Выберите слово с III типом слога:

A) tree   B) book   C) room   D) shop   E) port

24. Выберите слово с III типом слога:

A) orange   B) cage   C) bag   D) large   E) page

25. Выберите слово с IV типом слога:

A) beauty   B) taste   C) smell   D) energy   E) hire

26. Выберите слово с III типом слога:

A) yard   B) cruel   C) keen   D) knight   E) day

27. Выберите слово с IV типом слога:

A) pupil   B) observe   C) place   D) rare   E) visit

28. Выберите слово с III типом слога:

A) pupil   B) observe   C) place   D) more   E) visit

29. Выберите слово с II типом слога:

A) table   B) book   C) luck   D) mare   E) sky

30. Выберите слово с I типом слога:

A) joke   B) part   C) clock   D) pour   E) pocket

        



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Let’s talk about customs and traditions of an English-speaking country.

To begin with I’d like to point out that British customs and traditions are famous all over the world. When people think of Britain, they often think of people drinking tea, eating fish and chips, colourful royal ceremonies, soldiers in strange uniforms. In Britain customs and traditions play a more important part in the life of people than in other countries. The British are proud of their traditions and carefully keep them up.

The British celebrate such public holidays as Christmas, Easter Monday, May Day, the Spring Bank Holiday, and The Summer Bank Holiday.

Besides public holidays there are other festivals, such as Pancake Day, April Fool’s day, Halloween, Guy Fawkes night, St Valentine’s Day and others. I’d like to describe some of them.

On 5 November(the fifth of November) the British celebrate Guy Fawkes Night or Bonfire night. It is an exciting holiday. In1605, a man called Guy Fawkes had planned to blow up the Houses of Parliament and kill James I. But he was caught and hanged. Every village, town and city lights a huge bonfire to remember the day. Children gather wood and make Guy Fawkes dolls. Then they make a big bonfire and throw the dolls into the fire and set off firecrackers.

Halloween is a holiday annually celebrated on 31 October (the thirty first of Octover\ October the thirty first). People hold Halloween parties, where the hosts and guests often dress up as skeletons, ghosts or other scary figures. Common symbols of Halloween include pumpkins, bats and spiders. Other people gather together to watch horror films, either at home or at a cinema.

Some children go trick-or-treating. This means that they dress up and go to other peoples’ houses, knocking on the door for treat of sweets or a snack. Those who do not give out a treat may be tricked with a joke instead.

Christmas is celebrated on25 December(the twenty fifth of December). For most families this is the most important festival of the year and on this day many people are travelling home to be with their families. Most houses are decorated with brightly–coloured paper or holly and there is usually a Christmas tree in the corner of the front room. A lot of traditions are connected with Christmas but the most important is giving presents. Christmas night is an exciting time for children; it is the time when Father Christmas comes. Children hung up stockings for Father Christmas who will hopefully fill them up with presents.

The queen’s birthday is officially celebrated by the ceremony of Trooping the Colour on a Saturday in June. Although The Queen was born on 21 April (the first of April), her birthday is celebrated on a day in the summer, when good weather is more likely. There is a great parade and the queen inspects the troops and takes the royal salute. Over 1400 officers and men are on parade, together with two hundred horses; over four hundred musicians from ten bands take part in the ceremony. The Queen attends the ceremony in a carriage but before 1987 she had attended the ceremony riding a horse. After the event, the Royal Family gathers on the balcony of Buckingham Palace to watch the Royal Air Force fly-past.

To conclude I’d like to stress that it is exciting to learn about customs and traditions and I would like to see some of these customs with my own eyes.

Would you like to take part in a British holiday celebration? Why?

Yes, I would like to take part in a British holiday celebration because it is exciting to learn about British cultural traditions first hand, see everything with your own eyes and be part of it. I, personally, would like to take part in a Halloween party, to dress up, to make a jack-o’- lantern from a pumpkin.

What questions can you ask a friend about his \her best school celebration?

What holidays are celebrated at your school?

What was the best school celebration?

When did it take place?

You decorated the school, didn’t you?

Did you take part in the celebration? What did you do?

What national souvenirs will you recommend a British tourist to buy?

I would recommend buying some souvenirs from straw [strɔː] (солома),which has become an identity card for Belarusian art. Youcan buy straw horses, dolls, spiders, as well as beautiful objects of everyday life. You may also like ceramics [sə'ræmɪks] with views of the main attractions of Belarus and Minsk, such as plates, horseshoes, bells or Belarusian linen ['lɪnɪn] products – tablecloths and bed linen, embroidered national towels, national scarves. Painted dishes, boxes, vases of wood will impress you by their beauty. If you have a sweet tooth buy delicious sweets made at Minsk Belarusian confectionery “Kommunarka” or the famous marshmallow made at Bobruisk factory «Krasnypischevik».

Nowadays more and more people are getting interested in customs and traditions of different countries. What do you think about it?



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Education, School

Let’s talk about studying at school. What is your school like? \What can you tell me about the place where you study?

I think I can make a long speech about my school and I should say that in general I have sweet memories of the … years I have spend at one and the same school.

When I am talking about my school I mean a whole complex of things which made up my life there, influenced my views and outlook, formed my character to some degree. I studied at school №… in …  It is famous for its high quality of education.

It is common knowledge that success of school education depends mainly on the teachers, their professional skill, their attitude to the subjects they teach and the kind of relationship they can establish with the pupils. Here I’d like to say that my teachers are highly educated people. They are strongly devoted to their work and what is no less important their attitude to the pupils is always friendly and tolerant My favourite subject at school is … We have a very good and enthusiastic teacher who inspired in me an interest of… She is a very fair person and the manner of her teaching is perfect. The pupils are well-disciplined and well-behaved at her lessons

The atmosphere in the school is based on common sense, tolerance, and mutual respect. Poor behaviour especially any form of bullying is treated very firmly.

I like the friendly atmosphere at my school. It gives me a real pleasure to go there and to communicate with my coevals. I like my class. I always feel at home there. Everybody is so friendly and easy to get along with. I was on good terms with my classmates and we often spent our free time together.

Our school looks nice and lovely. It’s a clean and attractive three-storeyed building. The school building itself is of a typical design with the same layout and the distribution of classrooms, administrative offices, canteens, gyms and libraries as you can see in most other schools. When you enter the school you will see a large entrance hall, cloakrooms, on the left there is a gym, a library, Headmistress’s office and straight is the canteen.

There are two wings in our school. One is given to junior children. During the breaks they rush along the corridor making a lot of noise. On the first floor there is an Assembly Hall where all kind of performances, concerts and meetings are held, teachers′ room, a computer class, and a lot of classrooms to study. On the second floor you can find physics and chemistry labs which are equipped with many devices for carrying out  experiments and classrooms.

I’d like to say once again that school means a lot to me, and now my heart is full of gratitude to most of my teachers and to many of my friends who make my school life enjoyable.

 Do you agree that our school gives a person a good start in life? Why?

I entirely[ɪn'taɪəlɪ] agree with it . School provides us  with a certain amount of knowledge in science and humanities.  We study a variety of subjects such as Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics, Computr Science, Biology,  the Belarusian and Russian Languages, English. Students  attend optional classes in different subjects in order to pass centralised tests with flying colours and enter the best universities. At school  we make friends, gain interpresonal and leadership skills, develop moral qualities, learn to get on with different people, overcome difficulties, set priorities, develop our talents and skills.

Let’s talk about school traditions

Our school has a lot of exciting traditions.

It has become a tradition to open a new school year with  the’ First Bell ‘ holiday. In the morning on the first of September the first and eleventh formers parade in front of the school the headmistress, teachers, pupils, parents greet the children and wish them success in studies.

Every first Saturday of February we celebrate the School-leavers Reunion Day. School leavers of different years come to our school and speak about their school years and share their life experience with us. Then the schoolchildren  give a concert. It’s usually a very interesting and useful event.

Of course such parties as New Year, the 8th of March are celebrated with great amusement.

We also get acquainted with the traditions of English-speaking countries and celebrate such holidays as Christmas  ,Valentine’s Day  , St Patrick’s Day and many others.

One of the most important traditions of our school is the Last Bell  holiday, when the 11th forms say good-bye to their school, thank their teachers, ask children to love their school, to keep carefully its traditions. Flowers, the words of greeting, love and respect are seen and heard in every corner of the school.

Our school also participates in the international exchange programme. Every year a group of Danish schoolchildren and teachers comes to our school. They stay at our students’  and then our students and teachers go to their country, they host us in return. Our guests take part in all school events. We organise concerts, excursions , presentations about our country its culture and traditions.  To sum it up I think our school has a lot of traditions that students and teachers should keep up carefully.

What can you tell me about the system of education in Belarus?

The system of education in the Republic of Belarus is based on national traditions and global trends in education area. Today Belarusian educational system includes pre-school education, general secondary school, vocational education, secondary special education, higher education.

The system of education of the Republic of Belarus includes different types of educational establishments:  kindergartens, nurseries , primary, basic and secondary schools, gymnasiums, lyceums, child’s home, boarding school ,vocational schools and technical lyceums,  (technicums, uchilishche and colleges) ,universities, academies, [ə'kædəmɪ], institutes ['ɪn(t)stɪtjuːt] and higher colleges.

There are two official languages within the education system in Belarus, Russian and Belarusian.

Pre-school education is not compulsory in Belarus but around 70% of children attend nursery or kindergarten before they start school. These institutions are for children under six years. Children are taught pre-reading and pre-writing as well as basic mathematics. The children learn to follow a timetable and there are classroom rules which teach respect and consideration for their classmates and the teacher. The public nurseries and kindergartens are free of charge but parents should cover about 60% of the meal’s cost.

Most children in Belarus start school at the age of 6. The school year begins on the first  of September for all grades and lasts thirty-four weeks. School education in Belarus consists of elementary( or primary), basic and secondary school.  The five-year basic secondary school is compulsory.

During the first four years of school children learn such basic skills as writing, reading, counting, get some information about nature and society, get acquainted with healthy way of life.

At secondary school students study such subjects as the Belarusian and Russian languages and literatures,  a Foreign Language, History of Belarus and the World’s History, Man and Society, Mathematics, Information Technologies, Geography, Biology, Physics, Chemistry ,music, fine arts, physical training and labor education.  Children can also attend optional classes if they want to study some subjects at a profound level.

The 10-grade assessment system of knowledge is used. Upon completion of grade 9 students have to pass the examinations to receive the certificate of basic education.   Students can continue their education at  secondary schools, gymnasiums, lyceums, uchilishches( vocational schools) technicums,(technical schools) At the end of grade 11  students sit the final examination and if successful receive the certificate of (complete) general secondary education.

2. Do you agree that Belarusian secondary school provides a person with good knowledge? Why?

Yes, I absolutely agree that  Belarusian secondary school provides a person with good knowledge. First of all, students at  our schools study a variety of subjects such as Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics, Information technology, Biology,  the Belarusian and Russian languages, a Foreign language.  Moreover, we have highly qualified teachers who are strongly devoted to their job.  What is more, we can attend optional classes in different subjects and study these subjects at a profound level.

Today some young people think that having a good education is (not )important. Do you agree with this?

In my opinion it is very important to have a good education nowadays because we live in a fast changing competitive world. It is extremely important to be able to find your place in this world to be able to adapt to constantly changing conditions.  Deep knowledge of in different spheres can help you to understand the world around you and yourself, can help you get a well-paid, prestigious job with good working conditions, job promotion. Most professions require qualifications or even a degree. A good education can become the foundation of your career.  Good education develops your ability to find information  , to think creatively in order to solve problems. What is more good education can help you bring-up your own children and help them with their schoolwork.  While studying you will be in touch with intelligent, cultured,  original people, which is a very beneficial experience. If you have a good knowledge of English you can communicate with people from all over the world and get a lot of interesting information, read books and watch films in the original. To sum it up it is very important to have a good education.

Ask me what problems I had when I was a student?

1 . What was the most difficult subject for you when you studied at school?

2. Did you get on well with your teachers?

3. I would like to know what subjects you didn’t like at school.

4. Were there any bullies at your school?

5 Did you have any problems with your classmates or teachers?

Ask me whether I liked school when I was a pupil? What kind of pupil I was at school?

What were your favourite subjects?

Who was your favourite teacher at school?

Did you like Physics?

Were you good at languages?

You got on well with your classmates, didn’t you?

What subject did you dislike?

 You are talking to a British student. What you advise him\her to do to prepare for an exam well?

First of all, if you want to do well at your exams  you should attend all your classes, work hard at the lessons, make notes,  because when you put down   the  key points , you memorize them better , ask your teacher or classmates to help you if you don’t understand something. What is more, you should do your homework properly and regularly. It would be wise to make a revision timetable before the examination. If you organize your time properly, you will feel more confident, and will be more likely to get good grades. Whenever you feel under stress, you should take a break and do something relaxing for a while. And finally the night before you sit the exam, go to bed early  and get a good night sleep. If you follow this advice, you will pass your exams with flying colours.

Today some young people want to study abroad because they believe that the level of education is higher there, would you do the same?

As for me, I would prefer to study in Belarus because I think that the level of education here  is  quite high , what is more,  the knowledge  I can get in our country is more suitable for  work in Belarus because laws and paperwork are different in different countries. Moreover, there is a wide choice of higher educational establishments such as universities, higher colleges, institutes, academies in our country. In Belarus I can study full time or by correspondence or at evening classes. To my mind, it is much easier to study in your own language.  The most important thing for me is that I want to be close to my family and friends.

Which school club would you advise your classmate to join?

First of all, it depends on his or her talents and interests but I think that joining our volley-ball team could be very beneficial. Playing volley-ball is exciting as you will take part in different competitions, moreover it is good for health as you will take more exercise. You can relax and get rid of your everyday stress.What is more, playing volley-ball can teach you to work in a team which is very important.



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Let`s talk about friendship and relationship with friends.  How important is friendship for you?

To begin with I’d like to stress that friendship is very important for me. In my opinion, friends make life interesting and enjoyable.

To my mind, a friend is one of the nicest things you can have and one of the best things you can be. It is very important to have people who always believe in you and support you. I think I’m a lucky person because I can trust my friends , I can share with them anything  and I’m sure they will never give away my secrets and will never let me down, or betray me. I appreciate my friends’ advice .Of course sometimes we don’t see eye to eye on some things and even quarrel or fall out but we make up in no time because we need each other. They say friendship grows when people have something in common. We enjoy spending time together, we discuss our classes, classmates and different events at school, we go to parties, discos, concerts together or just hang about the town and of course you can have more fun when you are with a friend than when you are on your own.  If you have friends, you never feel lonely.

On the other hand, “A friend in need is a friend indeed” .  My friends always help , support ,me when I’m in trouble.  They are always by my side when I need it. They do their best, to comfort, to cheer me up when I’m upset about something. To sum it up I’d like to say that friendship is a priceless gift.

What questions do you usually ask when you get acquainted with someone?

I would ask such questions as  

What is your name? Where are you from?

What is your occupation?  Have you got a hobby? What is your hobby?  What music do you like?

Do you like reading books? How do you like to spend your free time?

What can you advise a teenager who has no friends?

What can you advice a teenager who is moving to a new place?

I would say you should take up a hobby, for example, play such team games as volley-ball , basketball , football or hockey so that you could make some friends  with  the members of your team. You should take part in after-class activities such as concerts, competitions, parties.  Throw a party and invite your classmates to it. Try to be polite and friendly. Don’t be afraid to talk to people, ask them about their interests, offer them help when they are in trouble.  You should smile, look people in the eyes when you communicate with people.

They say:” If you haven’t learnt the meaning of friendship , you really haven’t learnt anything”/What do you think of this?

I entirely agree with this saying because to my mind friendship teaches people to give and take, to understand each other, to take care of your friend, to sympathize with him, to help him when he is in trouble, to overcome jealousy when he  is more successful than you. If you want to be a good friend you should listen to him, encourage him to achieve his goals. More over friendship also teaches us to compromise when we don’t see eye to eye on some things, to say I’m sorry when we are not right and to listen to our friend’s opinion when he says that we are not right.

      Nowadays people prefer to have more money than many friends. What do you think about it?

In my opinion it is better to have more friends than money because     you can share your problems with your friends, they will listen to you, give you advice, cheer you up, when you are in a bad mood, help you  when you are in trouble and money won’t talk to you or give you advice. So it is better to have friends than money.

 They say:” A person has just one true friend” What do you think about this?

In my opinion it is possible to have more than one true friend. I think a person can have two or three true friends and be on good terms with many people. But at the same time I think it isn’t possible to have too many true friends because to be real friends, people must spend a lot of time together, discuss each other’s problems, help each other so you won’t have enough time and energy to keep up  friendship with too many people.

Nowadays teenagers have got up to 3000 friends in Contact. What do you think of it?

In my opinion friends in Contact are not real friends because some of them you have never met, and sometimes you haven’t even talked to some of them, they are just people with whom you want to share pictures, quotes, clips, jokes, music  and so on. So you can have a lot of friends in Contact but this doesn’t mean that you are a sociable person.

What is your best friend like?

My best friend’s name is… She is a student … She is my neighbour, I have known her for 3 years. She is very kind and cheerful. We enjoy spending time together. We always have fun. She cheers me when I am upset. My friend is very sociable; she has a wide circle of friends. … is honest , she always tells me the truth. My friend is reliable; she never lets me down or gives away my secrets. … has never betrayed me. So I’m lucky to have such a friend and I will do my best to keep our friendship.

What can you advise a teenager who doesn’t want to go to school because of bullying?

It is not an easy question to answer. I think a lot depends on the situation. It could be a good idea to discuss the problem with a grown up person that he can trust for example,with his parents, or his elder brother or sister, or with some teachers. In my opinion he should try to make friends with some children who could support him and help him and try to ignore the bullies and walk away.  Bullies thrive on the reaction they get, and if you ignore them, you’re telling the bully that you just don’t care. Sooner or later the bully will probably get bored with trying to bother you. Walk tall and hold your head high. Using this type of body language sends a message that you’re not vulnerable. Learn a martial art or take a class like yoga. Another way to gain confidence is to develop your skills in something like chess, art, music, computers, or writing. Joining a class, club, or gym is a great way to make new friends and feel great about yourself. The confidence you gain will help you ignore the mean kids.

People say that friendship isn’t a big thing, I’s a million little things. What do you think about it?

I entirely agree with the statement. They say friendship grows when people have something in common.  For example my friends and I enjoy spending time together, we always have fun when we are together, we discuss our classes, classmates and different events at school, we discuss the books we read and the films we see, we go to parties, discos, concerts together or just hang about the town. We take part in competitions or some other extracurricular activities. I think I’m a lucky person because I can trust my friends  I can share with them anything  and I’m sure they will never give away my secrets and will never let me down, or betray me. I appreciate my friends’ advice. Of course, sometimes we don’t see eye to eye on some things and even quarrel or fall out but we make up in no time because we need each other. My friends always help , support ,me when I’m in trouble. They are always by my side when I need it. They do their best, to comfort, to cheer me up when I’m upset about something. I in my turn, try to pay in the same coin.  To sum it up I’d like to point out that is very important to do a million little things for your friends.

Can you rely on your best friend why? Why not?

I think I can rely on my best friend because she has never let me down or betrayed before. She has never given away my secrets. When I was in trouble she was always by my side, she always supported me and did her best to help me. She always tells me the truth and never lies to me. So I think I can trust and rely on my best friend.

What is easier to make friends when you are an adult or a child? Why?

In my opinion it is easier to make new friends when you are a child because children have more people to make friends with. Children meet a lot of people at school, when they take part in extracurricular activities, when they attend a music school, sports clubs and so on. More over children have more time to spend with their friends, while adults have a lot of responsibilities, they have to work hard to earn their living and take care of their families.  On the other side it depends on a person. To my mind if a person is sociable, outgoing, sympathetic he will have  a lot of friends in both in his childhood and in his adulthood.



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Let`s talk about friendship and relationship with friends.  How important is friendship for you?

To begin with I’d like to stress that friendship is very important for me. In my opinion, friends make life interesting and enjoyable.

To my mind, a friend is one of the nicest things you can have and one of the best things you can be. It is very important to have people who always believe in you and support you. I think I’m a lucky person because I can trust my friends , I can share with them anything  and I’m sure they will never give away my secrets and will never let me down, or betray me. I appreciate my friends’ advice .Of course sometimes we don’t see eye to eye on some things and even quarrel or fall out but we make up in no time because we need each other. They say friendship grows when people have something in common. We enjoy spending time together, we discuss our classes, classmates and different events at school, we go to parties, discos, concerts together or just hang about the town and of course you can have more fun when you are with a friend than when you are on your own.  If you have friends, you never feel lonely.

On the other hand, “A friend in need is a friend indeed” .  My friends always help , support ,me when I’m in trouble.  They are always by my side when I need it. They do their best, to comfort, to cheer me up when I’m upset about something. To sum it up I’d like to say that friendship is a priceless gift.

What questions do you usually ask when you get acquainted with someone?

I would ask such questions as  

What is your name? Where are you from?

What is your occupation?  Have you got a hobby? What is your hobby?  What music do you like?

Do you like reading books? How do you like to spend your free time?

What can you advise a teenager who has no friends?

What can you advice a teenager who is moving to a new place?

I would say you should take up a hobby, for example, play such team games as volley-ball , basketball , football or hockey so that you could make some friends  with  the members of your team. You should take part in after-class activities such as concerts, competitions, parties.  Throw a party and invite your classmates to it. Try to be polite and friendly. Don’t be afraid to talk to people, ask them about their interests, offer them help when they are in trouble.  You should smile, look people in the eyes when you communicate with people.

They say:” If you haven’t learnt the meaning of friendship , you really haven’t learnt anything”/What do you think of this?

I entirely agree with this saying because to my mind friendship teaches people to give and take, to understand each other, to take care of your friend, to sympathize with him, to help him when he is in trouble, to overcome jealousy when he  is more successful than you. If you want to be a good friend you should listen to him, encourage him to achieve his goals. More over friendship also teaches us to compromise when we don’t see eye to eye on some things, to say I’m sorry when we are not right and to listen to our friend’s opinion when he says that we are not right.

      Nowadays people prefer to have more money than many friends. What do you think about it?

In my opinion it is better to have more friends than money because     you can share your problems with your friends, they will listen to you, give you advice, cheer you up, when you are in a bad mood, help you  when you are in trouble and money won’t talk to you or give you advice. So it is better to have friends than money.

 They say:” A person has just one true friend” What do you think about this?

In my opinion it is possible to have more than one true friend. I think a person can have two or three true friends and be on good terms with many people. But at the same time I think it isn’t possible to have too many true friends because to be real friends, people must spend a lot of time together, discuss each other’s problems, help each other so you won’t have enough time and energy to keep up  friendship with too many people.

Nowadays teenagers have got up to 3000 friends in Contact. What do you think of it?

In my opinion friends in Contact are not real friends because some of them you have never met, and sometimes you haven’t even talked to some of them, they are just people with whom you want to share pictures, quotes, clips, jokes, music  and so on. So you can have a lot of friends in Contact but this doesn’t mean that you are a sociable person.

What is your best friend like?

My best friend’s name is… She is a student … She is my neighbour, I have known her for 3 years. She is very kind and cheerful. We enjoy spending time together. We always have fun. She cheers me when I am upset. My friend is very sociable; she has a wide circle of friends. … is honest , she always tells me the truth. My friend is reliable; she never lets me down or gives away my secrets. … has never betrayed me. So I’m lucky to have such a friend and I will do my best to keep our friendship.

What can you advise a teenager who doesn’t want to go to school because of bullying?

It is not an easy question to answer. I think a lot depends on the situation. It could be a good idea to discuss the problem with a grown up person that he can trust for example,with his parents, or his elder brother or sister, or with some teachers. In my opinion he should try to make friends with some children who could support him and help him and try to ignore the bullies and walk away.  Bullies thrive on the reaction they get, and if you ignore them, you’re telling the bully that you just don’t care. Sooner or later the bully will probably get bored with trying to bother you. Walk tall and hold your head high. Using this type of body language sends a message that you’re not vulnerable. Learn a martial art or take a class like yoga. Another way to gain confidence is to develop your skills in something like chess, art, music, computers, or writing. Joining a class, club, or gym is a great way to make new friends and feel great about yourself. The confidence you gain will help you ignore the mean kids.

People say that friendship isn’t a big thing, I’s a million little things. What do you think about it?

I entirely agree with the statement. They say friendship grows when people have something in common.  For example my friends and I enjoy spending time together, we always have fun when we are together, we discuss our classes, classmates and different events at school, we discuss the books we read and the films we see, we go to parties, discos, concerts together or just hang about the town. We take part in competitions or some other extracurricular activities. I think I’m a lucky person because I can trust my friends  I can share with them anything  and I’m sure they will never give away my secrets and will never let me down, or betray me. I appreciate my friends’ advice. Of course, sometimes we don’t see eye to eye on some things and even quarrel or fall out but we make up in no time because we need each other. My friends always help , support ,me when I’m in trouble. They are always by my side when I need it. They do their best, to comfort, to cheer me up when I’m upset about something. I in my turn, try to pay in the same coin.  To sum it up I’d like to point out that is very important to do a million little things for your friends.

Can you rely on your best friend why? Why not?

I think I can rely on my best friend because she has never let me down or betrayed before. She has never given away my secrets. When I was in trouble she was always by my side, she always supported me and did her best to help me. She always tells me the truth and never lies to me. So I think I can trust and rely on my best friend.

What is easier to make friends when you are an adult or a child? Why?

In my opinion it is easier to make new friends when you are a child because children have more people to make friends with. Children meet a lot of people at school, when they take part in extracurricular activities, when they attend a music school, sports clubs and so on. More over children have more time to spend with their friends, while adults have a lot of responsibilities, they have to work hard to earn their living and take care of their families.  On the other side it depends on a person. To my mind if a person is sociable, outgoing, sympathetic he will have  a lot of friends in both in his childhood and in his adulthood.



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            Let’s talk about Great Britain

1. Let’s talk about Britain. What do you know about this country? 

The full name of the country is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. The United Kingdom is situated on the British Isles. The British Isles consist of two large islands, Great Britain and Ireland, and a great number of small islands. Their total area is over 314 000 sq. km. The British Isles are separated from the European continent by the North Sea and the English Channel. The western coast of Great Britain is washed by the Atlantic Ocean and the Irish Sea. Northern Ireland occupies one third of the island of Ireland. It borders on the Irish Republic in the south. The island of Great Britain consists of three main parts: England (the southern and middle part of the island), Wales (a mountainous peninsula in the West) and Scotland (the northern part of the island).

There are no high mountains in Great Britain. In the north the Cheviots separate England from Scotland, the Pennines stretch down North England along its middle, the Cambrian Mountains occupy the greater part of Wales and the Highlands of Scotland are the tallest of the British mountains. There is very little flat country except in the region known as East Anglia. Most of the rivers flow into the North Sea. The Thames is the deepest and the longest of the British rivers. Some of the British greatest ports are situated in the estuaries of the Thames, Mersey, Trent, Clyde and Bristol Avon. Great Britain is not very rich in mineral resources; it has some deposits of coal and iron ore and vast deposits of oil and gas that were discovered in the North Sea.

The warm currents of the Atlantic Ocean influence the climate of Great Britain. Winters are not severely cold and. summers are rarely hot. The population of the United Kingdom is over 58 million people. The main nationalities are: English, Welsh, Scottish and Irish. In Great Britain there are a lot of immigrants from former British Asian and African colonies. Great Britain is a highly industrialized country. New industries have been developed in the last three decades. The main industrial centres are London, Birmingham, Manchester, Leeds, Liverpool, Glasgow and Bristol. The capital of the country is London. The United Kingdom is a parliamentary monarchy.

2. Would you like to visit Britain? Why (not)? Yes, of course. It would be great to visit this unique country and to learn more about its geography, history and culture on the spot.

3. What would you ask a British teenager about national holidays in Britain? What is the difference between state and bank holidays in Great Britain? What is your favourite holiday? Are there any similar things in celebration of New Year in Great Britain and Belarus?

4. Give me a piece of advice on what sights to see in London. London is one the richest cities in its sights to visit. I strongly recommend you to visit the Bridge of London, the Houses of Parliament and Big Ben. You can go to Hyde Park just to rest and see the Poet’s Corner. But the best look on the city is from London Eye.

5. Do the British differ greatly from Belarusian people in character? Why? I think, it’s true. We differ a lot because of our different languages, customs, traditions and historical development. These are the factors which influence greatly on characters of people.

What sights in England would you advise me to visit?

First of all, I would advise you to visit London with its beautiful sights such as St. Paul’s Cathedral ,Christopher Wren’s  masterpiece, one of the most beautiful churches is the world with its famous Whispering Gallery. Its dome is one of the highest in the world.

It goes without saying you should visit  the Tower of London built in the 11th century by William the Conqueror . You can learn  a lot about the history of Britain if you take part in a guided tour . The guides are beefeaters in their colourful  Tudor uniforms . You can see legendary  ravens and the Crown Jewels  there.

You should visit Stonehenge a  breathtaking prehistoric monument located near Salisbury   You can also visit Windsor Castle and see with your own  eyes the imposing  (грандиозный) towers and battlements зубчатая стена  of the castle which is the official residence of the Queen.

Would you like to visit Great Britain ? Why (not)?

Of course, I would like to visit Great Britain because I would like to see with my own  eyes  its beautiful sights, royal ceremonies,  learn more about its culture and traditions, sample English cuisine, and practise English.

What would you ask a British teenager about Britain?

1. Do you dress up at Halloween?

2. What sight would you recommend me to visit in Britain?

3. What dish would you recommend me to eat?

4. Have you ever met the Queen?

5. Does it often snow in winter in Britain?

Do British traditions and customs differ from Belarusian ones?

In my opinion, on the one hand  traditions differ in Britain and Belarus, because the British have a lot of royal ceremonies such as Changing the Guards , Trooping the Colour , the ceremony of Opening the Parliament. We don’t have a king or a queen in Belarus. The British celebrate Guy Fawkes night or Bonfire night with lots of fireworks, St Valentine’s Day, Halloween which we don’t celebrate. Here in Belarus we celebrate Kupalle and Kalyady. But on the other hand both in Britain and in Belarus we celebrate such holidays as Easter and Christmas.



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Let’s talk about modern means of communication.

To begin with I’d like to point out that means of communication have changed greatly. When we think of it we cannot understand how people who lived 50 years ago were able to keep in touch. Nowadays we cannot imagine human contacts without modern technology devices such as mobile phones, smartphones, i-Pods, i-Pads, laptops and so on.

Thanks to the new technologies people are communicating more than ever before. Modern means of communication have made the distance between people unimportant. Unlike 20 years ago we usually call someone, not visit. Mobile phones are portable and let us contact others wherever they and we are. Furthermore, mobile phones offer the possibility of texting. Text messaging is the most convenient and the cheapest form of communication when we need to pass a quick note containing only a few words.

Emails have replaced letters and postcards almost completely. People prefer emails, which are quicker to write and send and more sure to reach the addressee.

Video conferences are often used by business people and scientists and they don’t need to travel to remote places.

To keep in touch with our families and friends that live abroad we use the Internet and such programs as Skype or Messenger, we use video chats or instant messaging. Thanks to them we can talk with our relatives for free and without time limits.

A lot of people especially teenagers communicate in social networks such as vkontaкte, facebook, twitter, odnoklasniki.   They share the news, pictures, funny videos, jokes, songs and so on.

The Internet is very helpful for those who have a hobby.  You can communicate with those who share the same passion from all over the world. You can learn the news and discuss your favourite pop star, or a movie actor, a tv show, sport competitions and what not. On forums people share their experiences and help each other to solve the   problems they have run into.

To sum it up I’d like to point out that modern means of communication have changed our life, they influence our social life, politics, commerce, everything.



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Let`s talk about travelling

It is difficult to imagine modern life without travelling. People travel to see other countries and continents, modern cities and ruins of ancient towns, to enjoy picturesque places or just for a change of scene.  As for me I, personally, enjoy travelling because travel broadens the mind. Travel makes you see other people’s lives, cultures and traditions. Travel educates you and makes you knowledgeable. It is always interesting to discover new things and other ways of life, to meet different people, to taste different food, examine various architectural styles, visit museums and picture galleries. Travelling is a remarkable key to understanding other cultures, a wonderful opportunity to learn more about the world we live in. You will then appreciate your own life and see things in a different way.

Nowadays people can travel in different ways: by car, by train, by plane, by ship or even on foot. Of course travelling by air is the most convenient as in a short time you reach the place of your destination.  So it is the fastest but the most expensive way of travelling. Travelling by train is slower than by plane, but it has its advantages as well. Many people are convinced that with a train you have speed comfort and pleasure combined. Most trains nowadays have very comfortable seats as well as sleeping carriages and dining cars. If you travel by car you don’t need to reserve your tickets, carry your luggage. You can stop wherever and whenever you want.

Unfortunately I cannot say that I have travelled a lot in my life but I have been to Russia, Ukraine. I have visited a few towns in Belarus such as Minsk, Mogilev, Grodno but most of all I was impressed by my visit to Belovezshksaya Pushcha.    As you know there is the Residence of Ded Moroz (Slavic Santa Clause) in Belavezshkaya Pushcha and we saw European Bisons there.

And I hope that in future I will have more opportunities to travel and to visit different countries.

How do you like to travel?

There are different ways of travelling. You can travel by plane, train, bus , car or even on foot. As for me I prefer to travel by train because it is comfortable, there is more space than in a car or a bus. But in future I would like to try to travel by plane because it is the fastest way of travelling and they say it is the safest one.

What questions would you ask a tour guide on a tour of London?

1. What sights are we going to visit?

2. Have you ever seen any ghosts in the Tower of London?

3. How many tourists visit London every year?

4. Does the London Eye work at night?

5.  What is the tallest building in London?

What can you advise a person who doesn’t know where to spend his\her holiday?

He can search for some information on the Internet, or turn to a travel agent who will help him to choose a destination according to his taste and financial possibilities, book tickets and make   hotel reservations.

What difficulties can you have when visiting a foreign country? Is it possible to avoid them?

First of all, you can run into difficulties if you don’t know the language of the country you are visiting but if you know English it will be very helpful, because there are a lot of people  who speaks English  in any country. You should have insurance in case you fall ill or have an accident.  Be very careful with what you eat or drink to avoid food poisoning.  Make sure you have a visa and a valid passport.   Use credit cards so that you won’t have your money stolen.



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Let’s talk about weather and climate. What is happening to weather and climate nowadays?

In my view a person’s life depends to a certain degree on the weather and climate.  The agriculture, the national cuisine, the clothes we wear, the types of houses we live in all these depend on the climate and weather. More over our mood often depends on the weather. If the weather is sunny and bright we feel happy and cheerful but if the weather is gloomy a lot of people feel depressed. Every day many people listen to weather forecasts to make up their minds on what clothes to wear and whether or not to take an umbrella with them.

Unfortunately there are also natural disasters such as hurricanes, earthquakes, droughts ,floods, avalanches, storms that badly affect people’s lives.

The climate in Belarus is moderately continental. It means winters are fairly cold  and summers are moderately hot. The climate of Great Britain is moderate and mild due to the influence of the warm waters of the Gulf Stream. The weather in Britain is very changeable and the English even say they have no climate but only weather which has become a favourite topic of conversation.

They say that our climate is getting warmer and warmer  and call it global warming. Environmentalists say that global warming is caused by emission of certain gasses such as carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which causes  greenhouse effect. These changes in climate can be dangerous because it can lead to the melting of the Arctic ice and the rise in the level of the World Ocean. So, water will cover some land and probably the most fertile land he plants and animals could no longer survive. So we must do our best to save our planet.

 Are you weather dependent?

I am not weather dependent but my grandmother is. When the weather is changing she can have headaches, pains in her arms, high blood pressure, weakness.

 What questions can you ask a meteorologist ?

Why did you want to become a meteorologist?

Are your forecasts always true?

What devises do you use to forecast the weather?

Where were you trained  to become a meteorologists?

What are the advantages and disadvantages of your job?

Is it difficult to forecast weather?

4. What can you advise a person who wants to become a meteorologist.

If I wanted to become a meteorologist I would watch some educational TV programmes about nature, geography, climate on such channels as National Geographic and others. I would also try to find out in what educational establishments I can be trained to become a meteorologist. It could be a good idea to keep a journal of the temperature and weather conditions in your place so you could see whether you are cut out to be a meteorologist.

5. They say there is no bad weather, there are bad clothes. What do you think about it?

To begin with I’d like to point out that weather influences our mood and health. If the weather is bright and sunny we usually are in high spirits and feel on top of the world, on the other hand when the weather is dull and gloomy we often feel blue. There is even an expression to feel under the weather, which means to feel unwell.

But of course proper clothes can protect you from cold and rain. Unfortunately some young people want to look fashionable and don’t pay attention to weather conditions. We must think carefully about our clothes and footwear before going out and then we won’t have any problems with colds or feel miserable.



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Act out the dialogue “Discussing weather” level-elementary № 1

Pete: It’s good to see the sun again.

Rob: Yes, nice and bright morning.

Pete: A big improvement of what we’ve been having recently.

Rob: Right you are. Much better than yesterday.

Pete: Apparently, it’s going to turn colder.

Rob: The weatherman told this morning that the wind might get up later.

Pete: I don’t think it’ll be cold for a long time. Do you?

Rob: I don’t think either. Although cold weather is always better for me than rainy weather. Let’s hope it keeps fine for the rest of this day and maybe the weekend.

Pete: I am with you on it, bro. Why don’t we call on Tom? He might be at home or in the gym.

Rob: Let me find his phone number. I’ll call and ask him where we shall go together today.

Pete: Ok. Please, let me know after you speak to Tom.

Rob: Right. I’ll tell you in a moment.

Pete: Go for the phone call.

Act out the dialogue “Discussing weather” level-elementary№ 1

Pete: It’s good to see the sun again.

Rob: Yes, nice and bright morning.

Pete: A big improvement of what we’ve been having recently.

Rob: Right you are. Much better than yesterday.

Pete: Apparently, it’s going to turn colder.

Rob: The weatherman told this morning that the wind might get up later.

Pete: I don’t think it’ll be cold for a long time. Do you?

Rob: I don’t think either. Although cold weather is always better for me than rainy weather. Let’s hope it keeps fine for the rest of this day and maybe the weekend.

Pete: I am with you on it, bro. Why don’t we call on Tom? He might be at home or in the gym.

Rob: Let me find his phone number. I’ll call and ask him where we shall go together today.

Pete: Ok. Please, let me know after you speak to Tom.

Rob: Right. I’ll tell you in a moment.

Pete: Go for the phone call.

Act out the dialogue “Easter in Britain” level-elementary№ 2

— Hello. Anya! Where did you celebrated Easter this year?

— Well, it is one of my favourite holidays. This year I celebrated it in England.

— Really? What does this holiday mean for Englishmen?

— For many people, it is the time to think about what we have to do to improve ourselves. And, of course, it is the day of hope for the better future.

— I have heard that one of Easter symbols in Britain is a rabbit.

— Yes, it brings Easter eggs. Children believe that it comes at night and leaves Easter eggs for them. In many families parents hide the eggs in the house and children have a lot of fun searching for them in the morning.

— What else do families do in the morning?

— They have family breakfast. They lay the table, eat the Easter eggs and wish each other good luck and health

— What do Easter eggs symbolize for them?

— They symbolize life. People believe, they can protect them, their families and their houses.

— Thank you for interesting information. I have learned a lot about this holiday.

— My pleasure!

Act out the dialogue “Easter in Britain” level-elementary № 2

— Hello. Anya! Where did you celebrated Easter this year?

— Well, it is one of my favourite holidays. This year I celebrated it in England.

— Really? What does this holiday mean for Englishmen?

— For many people, it is the time to think about what we have to do to improve ourselves. And, of course, it is the day of hope for the better future.

— I have heard that one of Easter symbols in Britain is a rabbit.

— Yes, it brings Easter eggs. Children believe that it comes at night and leaves Easter eggs for them. In many families parents hide the eggs in the house and children have a lot of fun searching for them in the morning.

— What else do families do in the morning?

— They have family breakfast. They lay the table, eat the Easter eggs and wish each other good luck and health

— What do Easter eggs symbolize for them?

— They symbolize life. People believe, they can protect them, their families and their houses.

— Thank you for interesting information. I have learned a lot about this holiday.

— My pleasure!

Act out the dialogue “Describing People” level-elementary№ 3

Boy: Mm, the man on the left, the one with dark hair, looks kind of sympathetic; as if he might be helpful. What do you think?

Girl: Yes. The other man, the one with blond hair, he looks a bit worried.

Boy: Yes, or bad-tempered.

Girl: Right. I think he must have a problem. Do you know what I mean?

Boy: I do. I think these people work together and they are discussing the problem over lunch.

Girl: Err, but the woman doesn’t look very interested.

Boy: She must be shy!

Act out the dialogue “Describing People” level-elementary№ 3

Boy: Mm, the man on the left, the one with dark hair, looks kind of sympathetic; as if he might be helpful. What do you think?

Girl: Yes. The other man, the one with blond hair, he looks a bit worried.

Boy: Yes, or bad-tempered.

Girl: Right. I think he must have a problem. Do you know what I mean?

Boy: I do. I think these people work together and they are discussing the problem over lunch.

Girl: Err, but the woman doesn’t look very interested.

Boy: She must be shy!

Act out the dialogue “I go shopping” level-elementary№ 4

Alice: Hello, Dima! Where are you going from?

Dima: I have just been to a supermarket. I had to buy some food.

Alice: I see you have bought milk, honey, fish, oranges and cabbage.

Dima: That’s what my mother asked me to buy.

Alice: Have you bought something for yourself?

Dima: Of course, I’ve bought shrimps and crayfish. That’s what I like most of all.

Alice: Have you bought your new T-shirt also in the supermarket?

Dima:Yes, I liked it. Though I do not like to buy clothes very much. I usually do it with my mother.

Alice:        Is there anything you like to buy?

Dima:Yes, I regularly visit the biggest music shop in our town and cannot resist the temptation of buying some new CDs for my collection. I am going there now.

Alice:        Wish you good luck in the shop!

Dima: Thank you! Goodbye!

Act out the dialogue “I go shopping” level-elementary№ 4

Alice: Hello, Dima! Where are you going from?

Dima: I have just been to a supermarket. I had to buy some food.

Alice: I see you have bought milk, honey, fish, oranges and cabbage.

Dima: That’s what my mother asked me to buy.

Alice: Have you bought something for yourself?

Dima: Of course, I’ve bought shrimps and crayfish. That’s what I like most of all.

Alice: Have you bought your new T-shirt also in the supermarket?

Dima:Yes, I liked it. Though I do not like to buy clothes very much. I usually do it with my mother.

Alice:        Is there anything you like to buy?

Dima:Yes, I regularly visit the biggest music shop in our town and cannot resist the temptation of buying some new CDs for my collection. I am going there now.

Alice:        Wish you good luck in the shop!

Dima: Thank you! Goodbye!

Act out the dialogue “Keeping fit ”  level-elementary№ 5

 

Sergey        Hello, Vadim!

Vadim        Glad to see you, Sergey!

Sergey        You always come in time. Is there any secret?

Vadim        I think that’s because of logging in the morning. It brings me energy and good mood. So I am never late.

Sergey        Listen. Vadim! I do not like to do sports in the morning. Let’s go today to our favourite sports centre and play bowling.

Vadim        Great idea. Will we have dinner first?

Sergey        Of course, at 3 pm. as usual.

Vadim        O.K. But I think I need to go to the library then. I must write a report for tomorrow. If you help me, it will be quicker and we’ll have more free time.

Sergey        Of course, I will help you with the report.

Vadim        Thank you. Then we could be free till the evening.

Sergey        Great! Let’s meet after classes.

Vadim        O.K. See you later!

Sergey        See you!

Act out the dialogue “Keeping fit ”  level-elementary№ 5

 

Sergey        Hello, Vadim!

Vadim        Glad to see you, Sergey!

Sergey        You always come in time. Is there any secret?

Vadim        I think that’s because of logging in the morning. It brings me energy and good mood. So I am never late.

Sergey        Listen. Vadim! I do not like to do sports in the morning. Let’s go today to our favourite sports centre and play bowling.

Vadim        Great idea. Will we have dinner first?

Sergey        Of course, at 3 pm. as usual.

Vadim        O.K. But I think I need to go to the library then. I must write a report for tomorrow. If you help me, it will be quicker and we’ll have more free time.

Sergey        Of course, I will help you with the report.

Vadim        Thank you. Then we could be free till the evening.

Sergey        Great! Let’s meet after classes.

Vadim        O.K. See you later!

Sergey        See you!

Act out the dialogue “Shopping ”  level-elementary№ 6

Assistant: Can I help you?

Kate: I d like a pair of trainers and a T-shirt, please?

Assistant: What size?

Kate: Size 40, this T-shirt is 44

Assistant: Try this pair on.

Kate: It s too big for me. Can I try the T-shirt on?

Assistant: Certainly.

Kate: How much is it?

Assistant: 4.50

Act out the dialogue “Shopping ”  level-elementary№ 6

Assistant: Can I help you?

Kate: I d like a pair of trainers and a T-shirt, please?

Assistant: What size?

Kate: Size 40, this T-shirt is 44

Assistant: Try this pair on.

Kate: It s too big for me. Can I try the T-shirt on?

Assistant: Certainly.

Kate: How much is it?

Assistant: 4.50

                   

            Act out the dialogue “Would You Like a Cup of Tea?”  level-elementary № 7

Mary: Hello, children. How are you?

Pupils: Fine, thanks. And you?

Mary: I am fine.

Cтук в дверь. Входит мальчик.

Mary: Come in. Welcome to our class. Who are you? What is your name?

John: My name is John. Is Sasha here? I have got a letter from him.

Саша подходит к Джону.

Sasha: Oh, this is my English pen-friend John. Nice to meet you. How are you?

John: I am fine.

Учащиеся задают гостю самые различные вопросы (sport …)

Sasha: Would you like a cup of tea, John?

John: Yes, please.

Mary расставляет посуду. Дети садятся за стол, пьют чай и беседуют, употребляя речевые образцы

N: Can I pour you some more tea?

J.: Yes, please. Could you pass me the sugar?

N.: Here you are. Would you like some more milk ?

J.: No,thanks. (Через некоторое время) I like your tea. How do you make it ?

Кто-либо из ребят отвечает: рассказывает о рецепте приготовления чая.

J.: I like to drink tea with scones.

T.: Tell us how to make scones.

               Act out the dialogue “Would You Like a Cup of Tea?”  level-elementary № 7

Mary: Hello, children. How are you?

Pupils: Fine, thanks. And you?

Mary: I am fine.

Cтук в дверь. Входит мальчик.

Mary: Come in. Welcome to our class. Who are you? What is your name?

John: My name is John. Is Sasha here? I have got a letter from him.

Саша подходит к Джону.

Sasha: Oh, this is my English pen-friend John. Nice to meet you. How are you?

John: I am fine.

Учащиеся задают гостю самые различные вопросы (sport …)

Sasha: Would you like a cup of tea, John?

John: Yes, please.

Mary расставляет посуду. Дети садятся за стол, пьют чай и беседуют, употребляя речевые образцы

N: Can I pour you some more tea?

J.: Yes, please. Could you pass me the sugar?

N.: Here you are. Would you like some more milk ?

J.: No,thanks. (Через некоторое время) I like your tea. How do you make it ?

Кто-либо из ребят отвечает: рассказывает о рецепте приготовления чая.

J.: I like to drink tea with scones.

T.: Tell us how to make scones.

Act out the dialogue “Let me introduce myself”  level-elementary № 8

Mariya        Hello! My name is Mariya. What’s your name?

Ann        Nice to meet you! My name is Ann.

Mariya        Nice to meet you too! I live in Kiev. And where do you live?

Ann        I live in Donetsk. I study in Kiev. Are you also a student?

Mariya        Yes, I am a prospective economist, and you?

Ann        I study foreign languages. That’s my future profession and a hobby. Do you have a hobby?

Mariya        I like reading books. My favourite author is Chekhov.

Ann        I like him too. I have read some of his books recently.

Mariya        I also like cooking. When my friends come to me, I usually prepare something tasty for them. They say, I cook very well. If you like, I may give you a recipe of my apple pie. It is very tasty.

Ann        Thank you! It would be great!

Act out the dialogue “Let me introduce myself”  level-elementary № 8

Mariya        Hello! My name is Mariya. What’s your name?

Ann        Nice to meet you! My name is Ann.

Mariya        Nice to meet you too! I live in Kiev. And where do you live?

Ann        I live in Donetsk. I study in Kiev. Are you also a student?

Mariya        Yes, I am a prospective economist, and you?

Ann        I study foreign languages. That’s my future profession and a hobby. Do you have a hobby?

Mariya        I like reading books. My favourite author is Chekhov.

Ann        I like him too. I have read some of his books recently.

Mariya        I also like cooking. When my friends come to me, I usually prepare something tasty for them. They say, I cook very well. If you like, I may give you a recipe of my apple pie. It is very tasty.

Ann        Thank you! It would be great!

Act out the dialogue “My plans for the future”  level-elementary № 9

 

Tanya         Hello, Lena!

Lena          Hello, Tanya!

Tanya        Well, our last year of study at the university will finish soon. And we will have our diplomas!

Lena          Yes, I have dreamed about starting my own career for a long time.

Tanya        What about your husband? Does he support your plans to start working?

Lena                  Well, we haven’t discussed it yet, but I hope he will understand me.

Tanya        I know, he dreams about a big family and, perhaps, sees you in the role of a housewife.

Lena          I do not plan to stay at home. I also would like to have children, though my own career is of great importance to me.

Tanya        Well, your husband has made a successful career himself. I hope, he will                       understand and support you.

Lena          I hope so, too. I will discuss it with him today.

Tanya        Wish you good luck! See you later!

Lena                  Thank you, goodbye!

Act out the dialogue “My plans for the future”  level-elementary№ 9

 

Tanya         Hello, Lena!

Lena          Hello, Tanya!

Tanya        Well, our last year of study at the university will finish soon. And we will have our diplomas!

Lena          Yes, I have dreamed about starting my own career for a long time.

Tanya        What about your husband? Does he support your plans to start working?

Lena                  Well, we haven’t discussed it yet, but I hope he will understand me.

Tanya        I know, he dreams about a big family and, perhaps, sees you in the role of a housewife.

Lena          I do not plan to stay at home. I also would like to have children, though my own career is of great importance to me.

Tanya        Well, your husband has made a successful career himself. I hope, he will                       understand and support you.

Lena          I hope so, too. I will discuss it with him today.

Tanya        Wish you good luck! See you later!

Lena                  Thank you, goodbye!

Act out the dialogue “Sport”  level-elementary№ 10

  • What sports do people do in the winter in your country, Elena?
  • Well, it's very cold here.
  • We can ski in the mountains, of course.
  • But we can't swim in the sea in the winter!
  • A lot of people like football but we don't play tennis or golf outside.

Act out the dialogue “Sport”  level-elementary№ 10

  • What sports do people do in the winter in your country, Elena?
  • Well, it's very cold here.
  • We can ski in the mountains, of course.
  • But we can't swim in the sea in the winter!
  • A lot of people like football but we don't play tennis or golf outside.

Act out the dialogue   level-elementary№ 11

  • Can I have a coffee and a sandwich, please?
  • Sure. Here you are.
  • Thank you. How much is that?
  • The coffee is one pound twenty and the sandwich is two pounds sixty.
  • So that's three pounds eighty.        
  • OK. Thank you.

Act out the dialogue  level-elementary№ 11

  • Can I have a coffee and a sandwich, please?
  • Sure. Here you are.
  • Thank you. How much is that?
  • The coffee is one pound twenty and the sandwich is two pounds sixty.
  • So that's three pounds eighty.        
  • OK. Thank you.

 

Act out the dialogue   level-elementary№ 12

  • Hi, mam.        
  • Oh hi, Kate. Are you tired?
  • No, I'm hot. I want a nice cold drink of water.
  • Do you want a sandwich, too?        
  • No, thanks.

Act out the dialogue   level-elementary№ 12

  • Hi, mam.        
  • Oh hi, Kate. Are you tired?
  • No, I'm hot. I want a nice cold drink of water.
  • Do you want a sandwich, too?        
  • No, thanks.

Act out the dialogue   level-elementary№ 13

  • Excuse me. Are you Tom?
  • No, I'm not.        Нет.
  • Oh. Sorry.
  • Hello. Are you Tom?
  • Yes, I am.
  • Hi. I'm Emma. Nice to meet you.

Act out the dialogue   level-elementary№ 13

  • Excuse me. Are you Tom?
  • No, I'm not.        Нет.
  • Oh. Sorry.
  • Hello. Are you Tom?
  • Yes, I am.
  • Hi. I'm Emma. Nice to meet you.

Act out the dialogue   level-elementary№ 14

  • Do you like reading?
  • Yeah. I enjoy reading newspapers on a Sunday morning. It's very relaxing.        
  • OK. But when did you last read a book?        
  • A book? Er . . . well, I read one last week, actually.        
  • But, to be honest, I don't like reading books.
  •  I don't like magazines. I prefer watching films.        
  • But you hated the film we went to last Friday.        
  • I know. But that was a romantic film.        
  • I love adventure films or horror films.        
  • I don't like films where people fall in love. That's for girls.        
  • OK. Anything else? What do you like doing in the evenings?        
  • Eating out. Yeah. I love going to restaurants, especially Italian ones.        
  • Really? Why's that?        
  • Well, I hate shopping. And cooking. And washing up.
  • So, it's the only way I get any food to eat!

Act out the dialogue   level-elementary№ 14

  • Do you like reading?
  • Yeah. I enjoy reading newspapers on a Sunday morning. It's very relaxing.        
  • OK. But when did you last read a book?        
  • A book? Er . . . well, I read one last week, actually.        
  • But, to be honest, I don't like reading books.
  •  I don't like magazines. I prefer watching films.        
  • But you hated the film we went to last Friday.        
  • I know. But that was a romantic film.        
  • I love adventure films or horror films.        
  • I don't like films where people fall in love. That's for girls.        
  • OK. Anything else? What do you like doing in the evenings?        
  • Eating out. Yeah. I love going to restaurants, especially Italian ones.        
  • Really? Why's that?        
  • Well, I hate shopping. And cooking. And washing up.
  • So, it's the only way I get any food to eat!

Act out the dialogue   level-elementary№ 15

  • What time do you start work today, Karen?
  • Today? Oh, in half an hour. At quarter past eight.
  • Well, hurry up and eat your breakfast then.        
  • What do you do in the evenings, Tim?
  • In the evenings? Well, I listen to music and I read books.
  • I don't watch TV or listen to the radio.
  • OK. Interesting.
  • Do you live near here?
  • Yes, I do. l have a small house in the centre.
  • Is it nice?
  • Yes, it is. Do you want to come for dinner tomorrow?

Act out the dialogue   level-elementary№ 15

  • What time do you start work today, Karen?
  • Today? Oh, in half an hour. At quarter past eight.
  • Well, hurry up and eat your breakfast then.        
  • What do you do in the evenings, Tim?
  • In the evenings? Well, I listen to music and I read books.
  • I don't watch TV or listen to the radio.
  • OK. Interesting.
  • Do you live near here?
  • Yes, I do. l have a small house in the centre.
  • Is it nice?
  • Yes, it is. Do you want to come for dinner tomorrow?