Plurals form of the nouns in English Language
презентация к уроку на тему

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Федеральное государственное бюджетное военное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования «Военно-медицинская академия Имени С. М. Кирова» Факультет среднего профессионального образования Plurals form of the nouns in English Language Преподаватель Бичан О. И. 2015

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+s an apple-apples

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А в ook – books а boy - boys а nurse – nurses а physician - physicians а rain – rains а surgeon - surgeons an actor - actors

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Окончание множественного числа читается как [ s] после глухих согласных, как [ z ] после звонких согласных и гласных и как[ iz ] после s, ss , sh , ch , tch , x : Books [ buks ] rains - [ rainz ] boys [ bɔiz ] classes - [ kla:siz ]

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Окончание - es во множественном числе имеют: а) существительные, оканчивающиеся в ед. ч. на s, ss , sh , ch , tch , x: bus – bus es class – class es bush – bush es speech – speech es match – match es box - box es b) существительные, оканчивающиеся в ед. ч. на о: hero- hero es potato- potato es tomato - tomato es

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a tomato-tomatoes

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Но: photo – photos piano – pianos zero – zeros radio – radios hippo – hippos video - videos

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Leaf – lea ves shelf – shel ves Half – hal ves wife - wi ves c) c уществительные , оканчивающиеся в ед. ч. на – y , перед которым стоит согласная ( y при этом меняется на i ): arm y- arm ies d) некоторые существительные, оканчивающиеся в ед. ч. на f или fe ( f при этом меняется на v ):

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Nouns ending in a vowel+y take – s in the plural a toy-to ys

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Nouns ending in a consonant+ y , take – ies in the plural a strawberry-strawberr ies

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Nouns ending in –f or – fe , drop the f or fe and take – ves in the plural a lea f -lea ves -f/- fe -v+es

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BUT: chiefs roofs safes cliffs beliefs scarf( ves ) wharfs( ves ) dwarfs( ves ) hoofs( ves )

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Put the following nouns into the plural: 1. A lady, a girl, a woman, a queen, a story, a fox, a match, a country, a town, a surgeon, a wolf, a physician, a bus, a day, a room, a mother, a baby, a dress, a shelf, the watch, a tree, the city, a teacup, a pipette, a compress, a syringe, a weel -chair, a ward, an injection, a nurse, a student, operation, patient.

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Эталон ответа Ladie s , girl s , wom e n, queen s , stor ies , fox es , match es , countr ies , town s , surgeon s , wol ves , physician s , bus es , day s , room s , mother s , bab ies , dress es , shel ves , watch es , tree s , cit ies , teacup s , pipette s , compress es , syringe s , weel -chair s , ward s , injection s , nurse s , student s , operation s , patient s .

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IRREGULAR PLURALS: a man-men a woman-women a child-children a foot-feet a tooth-teeth a goose-geese a mouse-mice a mouse-mice an ox-oxen

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SOME NOUNS HAVE THE SAME singular and plural forms: a fish-fish a deer-deer a sheep-sheep a trout-trout a swine-swine an aircraft-aircraft

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Some words which come from foreign languages have special plurals: Analysis [ əʹnᴂlǝsis ] - analyses [ əʹ nᴂlǝsi:z ] Appendix-appendices/appendixes Bacterium-bacteria Basis [' beisis ] – bases [' beisi:z ] Cactus-cacti/cactuses Crisis [' kraisis ]-crises [‘ kraisi:z ] Criterion-criteria Diagnosis-diagnoses

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Formula-formulae/formulas Fungus-fungi/funguses Hypothesis-hypotheses Medium-media/mediums Phenomenon-phenomen a Atrium [‘ eitriǝm ]- atria [‘ eitriə ] Bronchus [‘ brɔŋkǝs ] – bronchi [‘ brɔŋkai ] Vertebra [‘ vǝ:tibrǝ ] - vertebrae [‘ vǝ:tibri :]

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Noun+preposition+noun , we add – s to the first noun a mother-in-law- mother s -in-law

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If the first word is man or woman a woman-doctor - women-doctors

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Noun+adverb , we add – s to the first word passer-by-passer s -by

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If there is no noun-stem in the compound – s is added to the last element Forget-me-not-forget-me-not s

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Uncountable nouns are used in singular: Mass nouns: Beer, blood, bread, butter, air, oxygen, corn, flour Subjects: History, mathematics, physics Languages: Spanish, French, Japanese, Italian Games: Baseball, billiards, football, golf, darts, cricket, rugby Diseases: Flu, pneumonia, measles, mumps, tuberculosis Natural phenomena: Darkness, fog, gravity, show Collective nouns: Baggage, crockery, cutlery, furniture, jewellery , luggage, machinery, money, rubbish. Others: Advice, anger, assistance, behavior, business, chaos, countryside, education, courage, evidence, homework, information, knowledge, luck , music, peace, news, progress , seaside, traffic, trouble,truth,work,summons , crossroads , rubbish.

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Always plural: people arms clothes ashes trousers barracks jeans goods shorts congratulations shoes outskirts gloves police pajamas riches tights stairs earrings surroundings scissors wages

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A group of E nglish nouns that can be used as countable or uncountable with a difference in meaning: Glass( стекло) a glass (стакан) Hair (волосы) a hair (волос) Iron (железо) an iron (утюг) Experience (опыт) an experience (событие) Work (работа) a work (произведение) Paper (бумага) a paper (газета)

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Collective nouns that can be both singular and plural: Army Audience Class Committee Company Crew Crowd Government Group Faculty Family

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team Is singular when it is regarded as one unit: Our team is winning . Is plural when we mean each member of this unit individually: The team are going back to their homes.

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Russian nouns that are always plural in R ussian but are singular and plural in English. ворота a gate-gates сани a sledge-sledges каникулы a vacation-vacations часы a watch/clock-watches/clocks

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