Conversation bricks

Обобщение:

• Маnу people think that ... - Многие думают, что ...
• Everybody says that ... - Все говорят, что                 .
• We all know that ... - Мы все знаем, что         .
• Usually,- Обычно
• In general, - В общем,

Конкретизация:

• But don't forget ... - Да, но не забывайте…
• Very true, but ... - Очень справедливо, но…
• But in fact,- Но, на самом деле, …
• But actually,- Но, в действительности, …
• ОК, but what about ... ? - Хорошо, а как насчет ...
• In reality - В действительности ...

Для дискуссии:

I agree with уоu. - Я согласен с вами.

I don't agree with уоu. - Я с вами не согласен.

Don't give mе that! -  Ну вот только не это.

I'm afraid that's wrong. - Боюсь, что это не так.

I think so too. - Я тоже так думаю.

That's exact1y what I wanted to say.- Вот именно это я и хотел

сказать.

Do уоu really think so? - Вы действительно так думаете?

That's very true. -   Именно так.

Yes, but don't уоu think ... - Да, но не кажется ли вам ...

I'm afraid I can't agree with уоu. - Боюсь, что не могу согласиться

с вами.

As а rule, - как правило

Could I say something here? - Можно мне здесь сказать?

Could I ask а question? - Можно задать вопрос?

Мау I interrupt for а moment? - Позвольте мне перебить?

Sorry, but ... - Извините, но ...

You  are right. - Вы правы.

For example,- например

I саn prove it. - Я могу это доказать.

Positive opinion

1. I'm keen on ... - Мне нравится ...

2.I like ... - Мне нравится ...

3. I'm interested in ... - Меня интересует ...
4. 4. It's mу сuр of tea. - Это мое.

5.I recommend ... - Я рекомендую ...

6. It is worth reading. - Это стоит почитать.

Negative opinion

1. It's а waste of time. - Это потеря времени.
2. It's not worth reading. - Это не стоит читать.
3. It is not everybody's сuр of tea.- Это не для всех.

4. It bored mе to death. - Она мне смертельно наскучила.

5.I can't stand ... - Я не выношу ...

Вариант №1

Раздел 1. Аудирование

Вы услышите 6 высказываний. Установите соответствие между высказываниями каждого говорящего A-F и утверждениями, данными в списке 1-7. Используйте каждое утверждение, обозначенное соответствующей цифрой, только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее утверждение. Вы услышите запись дважды. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу.

1. Perfume can't be a good present for many reasons.
2. Best presents are presents that create shared memories.
3. Practical presents are not good presents.
4. This sort of present can be good for everybody.
5. Good perfume is the best present that is always easy to get.
6. This present is a good way out, but hot always perfect.
   7.        Think of a person's lifestyle while choosing a present.

Вы услышите диалог. Определите, какие из приведенных утверждений А1-А7 соответствуют содержанию текста (1 — True), какие не соответствуют (2 — False) и о чем в тексте не сказано, то есть на основании текста нельзя дать ни положительного, ни отрицательного ответа (3 — Not stated). Обведите номер выбранного вами варианта ответа. Вы услышите запись дважды.

А1    Peter seldom goes to the library.

1) True        2) False                           3) Not stated

A2    Peter is satisfied with his term studies.
1) True        2) False                           3) Not stated

A3    Peter hopes to do as well in the course as his classmates,
1) True        2) False                           3) Not stated

A4    Peter prefers to work at his computer at home.
1) True        2) False                           3) Not stated

A5    Jane does not expect Peter to pass his language exam.
1) True        2) False                           3) Not stated

A6     Jane has always been the best student in the group.
1) True        2) False                           3) Not stated  

A7    Jane has some problems with one of her subjects.
1) True        2) False                           3) Not stated

Вы услышите интервью. В заданиях А8-А14, обведите цифру 1, 2 или 3, соответствующую выбранному вами варианту ответа. Вы услышите запись дважды.

А8    What, according to Michael Mitchell, is the biggest plus of Vintage Inns?

1. Picturesque locations.
2. Nostalgic landlords and landladies.
3. Tourists from all over the world.

A9    What point does Michael Mitchell make about Vintage Inns' gardens?

1. They are perfect for any season.
2. All Vintage Inns must have them.
3. They are an alternative to dine in good weather.

A10   Why does not Michael Mitchell do anything to advertise his inns?

1. They are close to local places of interest.
2. They are not far from city centers.
3. They are situated around London.

A11    What is typical of all the Vintage Inns?

1. Traditional old style.
2. Victorian design.
3. Good food and atmosphere.

A12    According to Michael Mitchell, Vintage Inns menus

1. preserve traditional style in cooking.
2. modernize traditional dishes.
3. offer mainly international food.

A13    When is the menu likely to be more varied?

1. Saturdays.
2. Weekdays.
3. Sundays.

A14    What is the booking policy of Vintage Inns?

1. It is not an accepted practice there.
2. You need to book well in advance.
3. Booking is possible only on Fridays.

По окончании выполнения заданий В1 и А1-А14 НЕ ЗАБУДЬТЕ ПЕРЕНЕСТИ СВОИ ОТВЕТЫ В БЛАНК ОТВЕТОВ № 1! ОБРАТИТЕ ВНИМАНИЕ, что ответы на задания Bl, А1—А14 располагаются в разных частях бланка. При переносе ответов в задании В1 (в нижней части бланка) цифры записываются без пробелов и знаков препинания

Раздел 2. Чтение

В2. Установите соответствие между заголовками 1-8 и текстами A-G. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.

Controlling skies

Lack of safety

Bicycle is faster

Office at home

Blocked roads

Paid roads

Improving railways

Buses instead of cars

1. The world's first public passenger railway was built in Great Britain in 1826 and
   ran between the industrial north-eastern towns of Stockton and Darlington. After
   180 years' experience the British say that their trains still don't seem to run
   efficiently or even safely. On average, about 500 accidents with broken rail tracks
   happen in the country every year.

2. The British government is promising to give £33.5 billion to modernise the
   railways before 2010. Another £30 billion is to come from the private sector. The
   main target is to increase safety and speed. For example, new London-to-Scotland
   high-speed trains significantly reduce journey times and in 2004 a warning system
   was installed throughout the country.

3. Statistics show that only 12% of all journeys made in Britain are by public
   transport. The remaining 88% are made by car. Every year British people spend
   about two weeks travelling to and from work including nine days in their own
   cars. But anyone will say this isn't a quick and easy way to travel. In fact, a
   journey from London to Manchester frequently takes seven hours. A cyclist could
   get there quicker.

4. Every year there are about half a million traffic jams in Britain. That is nearly
   10,000 a week. There are hundreds of big traffic jams every day. According to
   the forecast, the number of jams will grow by 20 per cent over the next ten years.
   Nearly a quarter British people find themselves in a jam every day and 55 per
   cent at least once a week.

5. Nowadays many British people take their children to school by car. Twenty years
   ago, nearly one in three primary school children made their own way to school.
   Now only one child in nine makes their own way. During the school year at 08:50
   a.m. one car in five on the roads in any British town is taking children to school.
   The solution could be special school buses widely used in the USA.

6. Many scientists hope that new technologies allowing more people to work at home
   may help with traffic problems. Fewer people will work from 9 to 5 and travel to
   and from work during the rush hour. But only 15% of people now want to spend
   more time working at home. The workplace is, for many people, a place to meet
   other people and to talk to them, so they would miss it if they worked from home.

7. In 1903, the Wright brothers made the first aeroplane flight. It only lasted 12 seconds but changed the world forever. A century later, air travel is no longer a miracle, it is part of everyday life. One billion air passengers now fly every year — that's equivalent to a sixth of the world's population. To make sure everything runs smoothly, there are special air traffic control centres in each country which watch every aeroplane.

ВЗ. Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A-F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1—7. Одна из частей в списке 1—7 лишняя. Занесите цифры, обозначающие соответствующие части предложений, в таблицу.

Elephants sense 'danger' clothes

St Andrews University researchers discovered that elephants could recognise the degree of danger posed by various groups of individuals.

The    study    found    that    African    elephants    always    reacted    with    fear A_______   previously worn by men of the Maasai tribe. They are known to demonstrate their courage by В _______.

The elephants also responded aggressively to red clothing, which defines traditional Maasai dress.

However, the elephants showed a much milder reaction to clothing previously worn
by the Kamba people, С________  and pose little threat.

The researchers first presented elephants with clean, red clothing and with red
clothing that had been worn for five days by D_______.

They revealed that Maasai-smelt clothing motivated elephants to travel significantly faster in the first minute after they moved away.

They then investigated whether elephants could also use the colour of clothing as a cue to classify a potential threat and found the elephants reacted with aggression E_________. This suggested that they associated the colour red with the Maasai.

The researchers believe the distinction in the elephants' emotional reaction to smell and colour might be explained by F__________ . They might be able to distinguish among different human groups according to the level of risk they posed.

«We regard this experiment as just a start to investigating precisely how elephants 'see the world', and it may be that their abilities will turn out to equal or exceed those of our closer relatives, the monkeys and apes,» researchers added.

1. either a Maasai or a Kamba man
2. who do not hunt elephants
3. when they detected the smell of clothes
4. who carried out the research
5. the amount of risk they sense
6. spearing elephants
7. when they spotted red but not white cloth

Прочитайте рассказ и выполните задания А15-А21.В каждом задании обведите цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному вами варианту ответа.

Cry-baby

It was almost midnight before they got around to giving the Oscars to the really well-known personalities. At first a series of guest stars had awarded the prizes: to the best designer, to the best special-effects man, for the best technical invention for motion pictures during the year, and to all the other people, so unknown outside the industry, but so significant within it.

I looked around the theatre, recognizing most of the weighty faces in the business, but not caring much. You see, I was pretty nervous. Myra Caldwell, whom I had brought to the ceremony, was sitting there beside me, and right across the aisle was Joan Weyland. Now, to get the picture properly, you have to remember that during that particular year Myra had played the sensational supporting role in The Devil Loses and had been called the greatest find in the history of pictures. But that was the same year that Joan Weyland had stolen a big picture called Calumet Centre right out from under the nose of one of the most famous female stars in the industry. The only other actress nominated was not given much chance. Now in a few minutes, they were going to announce who had won the Oscar for the Best Supporting Actress of the year. It was the hottest Contest and everybody was aware of it. Furthermore, it was no secret that the two leading contestants would be delighted to boil each other in oil — win, lose, or draw. And here they were across the aisle from each other. Do you get why I was nervous?

Then the lights went down. They were going to run short scenes from the pictures for which the actors and actresses had been nominated. The supporting-actress pictures were coming on, and here was Joan Weyland in her grand scene from Calumet Centre. The audience started to applaud as soon as they saw her.

After that they ran a short episode from Whirlwind, showing the other nominee, a refugee actress called Tanya Braden. I had never seen the picture of the actress, and the picture hadn't made much money, but there was no doubt she could act! She played the star's mother and she made you believe it.

Then they ran Myra's big moment in The Devil Loses. After it was over, I tried to guess who had the biggest chance.

"I think I won," Myra said to me.

The lights went up. The old actor, who had won the Supporting Actor award the year before, came through the curtains and prepared to present the award. I didn't see how I was going to live through the next few minutes. He got the envelope and began opening it very slowly.

He was loving every second of it, the old man. Then he looked at the little piece of paper.

"The Winner," he said, then paused again, "is Miss Tanya Braden, for her performance in Whirlwind."

Well, I'm not too sure about the sequence of events that followed. I don't remember the applause, because Joan let out a loud cry from across the aisle that drowned out everything else. Then Myra started to cry. I don't mean cry like the ordinary person, but I mean cry so that the building shook.

Then Joan jumped to her feet and started out, and her mother accompanied her. But I couldn't do anything with Myra. The show was interrupted and the whole theatre was staring at her. I picked her up and carried her out.

It wasn't a very pleasant performance, but I think there is some excuse. After all, Joan is 8 years old, and Myra is only 6, and she isn't used to being up so late. I'm a little on her side anyway. And why not? I'm her father.

A15.  At the beginning of the Oscar ceremony prizes were awarded

1. to the most famous stars among the winners.
2. to the best director.
3. for the best film.
4. to the secondary members of shooting crews.

A16.   Joan Weyland and Myra Caldwell were present at the ceremony because they

1. had both played in one film which had an Oscar nomination.
2. had been nominated as two of the Best Supporting Actresses of the year.
3. wanted to see the well-known personalities of the film industry.
4. accompanied the nominees.

A17. The phrase Myra "had been called the greatest find in the history of pictures" means that

1. she found the best way to perform her role.
2. she was awarded with a prize for the best performance in the history of cinema.
3. her debut was called very successful.
4. she revealed sensational facts in the film "The Devil Loses".

A18   "Calumet Centre" was

1. a picture by some popular artist.
2. a film in which a famous actor starred.
3. a picture painted by a famous female star.
4. a film in which Joan was given a role instead of a famous actress.

A19   The narrator describes the relations between Joan and Myra as

1. friendship.
2. rivalry.
3. sympathy.
4. partnership.

A20   The narrator liked the performance of the third nominee, Tanya Braden, because she

1. played her part very convincingly.
2. was very beautiful.
3. was a well-known actress.
4. played as a partner of a world-famous star.

A21  Myra's and Joan's reactions to the announcement about Tanya's victory could be excused because they

1. were very proud of themselves.
2. had performed their roles better than Tanya.
3. were very young.
4. were very famous actresses.

По окончании выполнения заданий В2, ВЗ и А15-А21 НЕ ЗАБУДЬТЕ ПЕРЕНЕСТИ СВОИ ОТВЕТЫ В БЛАНК ОТВЕТОВ № 11 ОБРАТИТЕ ВНИМАНИЕ, что ответы на задания В2, ВЗ, А15-А21 располагаются в разных частях бланка. При переносе ответов в заданиях В2 и ВЗ цифры записываются без пробелов и знаков препинания.

Раздел 3. Грамматика и лексика

Прочитайте приведенный ниже текст. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами В4-В10, так чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы В4—В10.

B4  Some of the natural wonders are known for their beauty. The Meteor Crater is not one of them. It looks like a big hole in the desert. It ___________ by a meteorite hitting the earth thousands of years ago.                                                                                                        

CAUSE

B5 The crater is 4,145 feet across, and  570 feet deep.  It is the _________ impact crater in the entire world.

LARGE

B6  When Europeans discovered it in 1871, they ________ it was the top of a volcano.        

THINK

B7 Since then, scientists __________the crater for many years, but there are still many secrets and mysteries hiding inside it.        

EXPLORE

It was simple

B8 One day last summer my nine-year-old daughter went off to the camp. All her things ____________in a small bag.        

PACK

В9 Two weeks later, Anna came back home and I unpacked her things.
Everything was clean and well folded. "Camp sure has changed you.
Your things look much_________than usual."

GOOD

B10 "It  was  simple,  Mom,"  she  answered.   "I  didn't  unpack.  Many ______did the same."

CHILD

Прочитайте приведенный ниже текст. Образуйте от слов, напечатанных заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами В11-В16, однокорен-ные слова, так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы В11-В16.

Invention of Potato Chips

B11 The potato chip was invented in 1853 by George Crum who was a chef at a restaurant in New York. Fried potatoes were popular at the restaurant because they were rather_________, but one day a visitor complained that the slices were too thick.

EXPENSIVE

B12 Crum made thinner slices, but the________ customer was still dissatisfied.

NERVE

B13 Crum finally made fries that were too thin to eat with a fork, hoping
to annoy the ___________difficult customer.

EXTREME

B14 But the customer was happy — and that was the _________ of potato chips!

INVENT

B15 _________ manufacturing of potato chips began in Cleveland, Ohio, in 1895.

INDUSTRY

B16 The chips gained even more_________ in 1926 when a wax paper potato chip bag was invented that helped to keep them fresh and crisp.

POPULAR

Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами А22-А28. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям А22-А28, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Обведите номер выбранного вами варианта ответа.

Helping Mother

“Liz! Remember to clean up the basement, ok?” Mrs. Parker called out. Liz, who was still lying in bed, sighed heavilv and A22________. "All right, mom," she answered flatly, dragging herself out of bed. She got changed and headed downstairs for breakfast. As usual, the whole family was already seated at the dining table. Liz greeted everyone and sat at a A23 _______ seat next to her elder brother Evan. "Pass me the butter, bro,” she said. "Sure," Evan replied and passed it to her. "Thanks," Liz said, and A24 ________ a thin layer of it onto her toast. Mrs. Parker placed an arm onto her daughter's shoulder. "Honey, I know it's going to be a tiring day for you, and I'd like your brother to help too. But he's got to head back to school for a day-long band practice." Liz sat still and didn't utter a A25 ________ word. She was mad that Evan had band practice and did not need to help in the A26________chores. "I know what you're thinking, Liz. But honey, we really need your help. Dad's away on a A27_______ trip, you know, his boss has sent him. Evan's busy with band practices, and I've got to help your grandma. You know, her health's been poor these days-" "Ok, ok. Enough of it, mom. I'll clean up the basement," Liz said. Sometimes she wished her mother wouldn't explain the reasons to her. Anyway, she thought to herself, it'll be good to A28_______ the basement a little. She hadn’t stepped into it since they moved in here a couple of months ago. “Who knows something interesting will pop out of nowhere," she grinned.

A22    1) waved            2) nodde         3) bowed          4) bent

A23    1) clear               2)unfilled        3) blank           4) vacant

A24    1) spread             2) extended    3) divided         4) covered

A25     1) separate          2) single         3) only              4) sole

A26     1) housework      2) homework   3) household   4) housekeeping

A27     1) working           2) official       3) company        4) business

A28    1) discover           2) research       3) explore          4) analyze

По окончании выполнения заданий В4-В16, А22-А28 НЕ ЗАБУДЬТЕ ПЕРЕНЕСТИ СВОИ ОТВЕТЫ В БЛАНК ОТВЕТОВ МП ОБРАТИТЕ ВНИМАНИЕ, что ответы на задания В4-В16, А22—А28 располагаются в разных частях бланка. При переносе ответов в заданиях В4-В16 буквы записываются без пробелов и знаков препинания.

Раздел Письмо

Для ответов на задания С1 и С2 используйте бланк ответов № 2. При выполнении заданий С1 и С2 особое внимание обратите на то, что ваши ответы будут оцениваться только по записям, сделанным в бланке ответов № 2. Никакие записи черновика не будут учитываться экспертом. Обратите внимание также на необходимость соблюдения указанного объема текста. Тексты недостаточного объема, а также часть текста, превышающая требуемый объем — не оцениваются. Запишите сначала номер задания (CI, С2), а затем ответ на него. Если одной стороны бланка недостаточно, вы можете использовать его другую сторону.

CI     You have 20 minutes to do this task. You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen-friend Tom who writes:

Last month our class went to Washington to visit the National Museum of American History. It was my first visit there and it was fun! How often do you go to museums with your class, if at all? Which museum is your favourite or what museum would you like to visit? Why do you think people should go there?

This summer we plan to go hiking with my parents.

Write a letter to Tom. In your letter

• answer his questions
• ask 3 questions about his summer plans

Write 100-140 words.

Remember the rules of letter writing.

C2     You have 40 minutes to do this task.

Comment on the following statement.

Some students think that the most important thing for a teacher is to make studying enjoyable for students.

What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement?

Write 200-250 words. Use the following plan:

make an introduction (state the problem)

express your personal opinion and give 2-3 reasons for your opinion

express an opposing opinion and give 1-2 reasons for this opposing opinion

explain why you don't agree with the opposing opinion

make a conclusion restating your position

Вариант №2

Раздел Аудирование

B1 Вы услышите 6 высказываний. Установите соответствие между высказываниями каждого говорящего A-F и утверждениями, данными в списке 1-7. Используйте каждое утверждение, обозначенное соответствующей цифрой, только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее утверждение. Вы услышите запись дважды. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу.

1. I feel unhappy because I can't change public attitude to our planet.
2. I would like to see new energy saving laws introduced.
3. I am afraid of the after-effects of human activities.
4. I am sure that wise attitude to basic earth supplies is necessary.
5. I do not want my family to live in polluted environment.
6. I am for the use of energy saving practices in house construction.
7. I find many simple ways to help our planet in everyday life.

Вы услышите разговор друзей. Определите, какие из приведенных утверждений А1-А7 соответствуют содержанию текста (1 — True), какие не соответствуют (2 — False) и о чем в тексте не сказано, то есть на основании текста нельзя дать ни положительного, ни отрицательного ответа (3 — Not stated). Обведите номер выбранного вами варианта ответа. Вы услышите запись дважды.

A1 When leaving school Emily already knew that she would study medicine.
1) True        2) False        3) Not stated

A2 Emily left Melbourne to get new experiences.
1) True        2) False                            3) Not stated

A3 Emily moved to Finland because she found her lab work in London boring.
1) True        2) False        3) Not stated

A4 In Finland people at university preferred to speak Finnish with Emily.
1) True        2) False        3) Not stated

A5 David is not happy about his experience of learning French in France.
1) True        2) False        3) Not stated

A6 David would like to go by the trans-Siberian train one day.

1) True        2) False        3) Not stated

A7 Emily is going to London again to continue her studies of immune system
1) True        2) False        3) Not stated

Вы услышите интервью. В заданиях А8-А14, обведите цифру 1, 2 или 3, соответствующую выбранному вами варианту ответа. Вы услышите запись дважды.

A8 The Portobello Festival differs from festivals in Cannes and Venice as it

1. is running its second season only.
2. is not so fashionable and well-known.
3. does not attract celebrities.

A9 The festival was initially founded to

1. let independent filmmakers demonstrate their work.
2. help different filmmakers earn money.
3. advertise video equipment but not to show films.

A10   According to the festival's director they made the festival free because

1. they get enough money for placing advertisements.
2. there are no expensive prizes and launch parties.
3. sponsors and funds provide good financial support.

A11    One characteristic feature of the Portobello Festival is that

1. 700 films are shown each festival season.
2. only short films are chosen for the festival annually.
3. student films are shown together with professionals' works.

A12   The festival's director believes that their films are

1. of better quality than TV films.
2. worthy to be shown on TV.
3. the world's top hits.

A13    The famous filmmaker whose first film was shown at the festival is

1. John Malkovich.
2. Guy Ritchie.
3. Jonathan Barnett.

A14    Speaking about future plans, the festival's director

1. thinks the festival will be united with Glastonbury or Edinburgh events.
2. believes the festival should turn to other arts mostly.
3. sounds optimistic about the festival extension.

По окончании выполнения заданий В1 и А1-А14 НЕ ЗАБУДЬТЕ ПЕРЕНЕСТИ СВОИ ОТВЕТЫ В БЛАНК ОТВЕТОВ № 1! ОБРАТИТЕ ВНИМАНИЕ, что ответы на задания B1, А1-А14 располагаются в разных частях бланка. При переносе ответов в задании В1 (в нижней части бланка) цифры записываются без пробелов и знаков препинания.

Раздел 2. Чтение

B2 Установите соответствие между заголовками 1—8 и текстами A—G. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.

Useful Invention

US Younger Generation

Modern Branch of Industry

Historical Separation

Verbal Misunderstanding

Britain, the World Empire

All in One

Old Enough

A.        For 150 years America was a British colony. At that time British and American
English were almost exactly the same. When America won the War of Independence
in 1776, it became a free country. The USA was quickly growing richer, and
millions of Europeans came to settle here. They brought new words and expressions
to the language. As a result, English in America began to develop in its own way
and today, there are certain differences in pronunciation, grammar, vocabulary
and spelling between American and British English.

B.        Typical American teenagers are in fact very ordinary. They think their teachers
make them work too hard, they love their parents but are sure they don't
understand anything, and their friendships are the most important things in their
lives. Some of them do have a lot of money to spend, but usually they have earned it themselves. Most young people take jobs while they are in school. They work
at movie theatres, fast-food restaurants, gas stations, and stores to pay for their
clothes and entertainment. Maybe this is what makes them so independent from
their parents at such a young age?

C.        Is it possible to have one device with the functions of a TV-set, a PC and the
Internet? With the advent of Internet TV it has become a reality. Imagine watching
a film on TV and getting information on the actors in the film at the same time!
To enter web-addresses and write e-mails you use a remote control and an on-screen
keyboard or an optional wireless keyboard. By clicking a button, you can also read
adverts, 'chat' with a friend, plan your holiday and play your favourite video games.
And in the future you'll be able to change the plot of the film you are watching!

D.        When do you stop being a child and become an adult? There are lots of laws about
the age when you can start doing things. In Britain, for example, you can get
married at 16, but you cannot get a tattoo until you are 18. In most American
states you can have a driving licence at 17, but you cannot drink until you are
21. In Russia you can be put to prison when you are 16, but you cannot vote until
you are 18. In fact, most European countries and the US have the same age for
voting: 18. Many people, however, think that this is unfair. They would like to
vote at an earlier age.

E.        Blue jeans were a by-product of the Gold Rush. The man who invented jeans, Levi Strauss, emigrated from Germany to San Francisco in 1850. Levi was 20 years
old, and he decided to sell clothes to the miners who were in California in search
of gold. When he was told that durable trousers were the most needed item of
clothing, Levi began making jeans of heavy tent canvas. Levi's jeans were an
immediate success. Soon he switched from canvas to a cotton fabric which came
from Nimes, a city in France. The miners called it ‘denim’ and bought a lot of
trousers from Strauss.

F.        Some fifty years ago people hadn't even heard of computers, and today we cannot
imagine our life without them. Computer technology is now the fastest-growing
industry in the world. The first computer was the size of a minibus and weighed
a ton. Today, its job can be done by a chip the size of a pinhead. And the revolution
is still going on. Very soon we'll have computers that we'll wear on our wrists or
even in our glasses and ear-rings. Such wearable computers are now being developed
in the USA.

G.        Some American words are simply unknown on the other side of the Atlantic, and
vice versa. But a lot of words exist in both variants, and these can cause trouble.
British visitors to America are often surprised at the different meanings that
familiar words have acquired there. If an Englishman asks in an American store
for a vest, he will be offered a waistcoat. If he wants to buy a handbag for his
wife, he should ask for a purse, and if she wants to buy a pair of tights, she
should ask for pantyhose: tights in America are what ballet dancers wear.

B3 Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A-F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1-7. Одна из частей в списке 1-7 лишняя. Занесите цифры, обозначающие соответствующие части предложений, в таблицу.

Culture and customs

In less than twenty years, the mobile telephone has gone from being rare, expensive equipment of the business elite to a pervasive, low-cost personal item. In many countries, mobile telephones A_______        ; in the U.S., 50 per cent of children have mobile telephones. In many young adults' households it has supplanted the land-line telephone. The mobile phone is В___________, such as North Korea.

Paul Levinson in his 2004 book Cellphone argues that by looking back through history we can find many precursors to the idea of people simultaneously walking and talking on a mobile phone. Mobile phones are the next extension in portable media, that now can be С_______ into one device. Levinson highlights that as the only mammal to use only two out of our four limbs to walk, we are left two hands free D_______  — like talking on a mobile phone. Levinson writes that "Intelligence and inventiveness, applied to our need to
communicate regardless of where we may be, led logically and eventually to telephones
that we E__________        ."

Given the high levels of societal mobile telephone service penetration, it is a key means for people F_________ . The SMS feature spawned the «texting» sub-culture. In December 1993, the first person-to-person SMS text message was transmitted in Finland. Currently, texting is the most widely-used data service; 1.8 billion users generated $80 billion of revenue in 2006.

1. to perform other actions
2. outnumber traditional telephones
3. to communicate with each other
4. combined with the Internet
5. to serve basic needs
6. banned in some countries
7. carry in our pockets

Прочитайте текст и выполните задания А15-А21. В каждом задании обведите цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному вами варианту ответа.

A Gifted Cook

If there is a gene for cuisine, Gabe, my 11-year-old son, could splice it to perfection. Somewhere between Greenwich Village, where he was born, and the San Francisco Bay area, where he has grown up, the little kid with the stubborn disposition and freckles on his nose has forsaken Boy Scouts and baseball in favor of wielding a kitchen knife.

I suppose he is a member of the Emeril generation. Gabe has spent his formative years shopping at the Berkeley Bowl, where over half a dozen varieties of Thanksgiving yams, in lesser mortals, can instill emotional paralysis. He is blessed with a critical eye. "I think Emeril is really cheesy," he observed the other night while watching a puff pastry segment. "He makes the stupidest jokes. But he cooks really well."

With its manifold indigenous cultures, Oaxaca seemed the perfect place to push boundaries. Like the mole sauces for which it is justly famous, the region itself is a subtle blend of ingredients — from dusty Zapotec villages where Spanish is a second language to the zocalo in colonial Oaxaca, a sophisticated town square brimming with street life and vendors selling twisty, one-story-tall balloons.

Appealing to Gabe's inner Iron Chef seemed like an indirect way to introduce him to a place where the artful approach to life presides. There was also a selfish motive: Gabe is my soul mate, a fellow food wanderer who is not above embracing insanity to follow his appetite wherever it leads.

Months ahead of time, we enrolled via the Internet in the daylong Wednesday cooking class at Seasons of My Heart, the chef and cookbook author Susana Trilling's cooking school in the Elta Valley, about a 45-minute drive north to town. In her cookbook and PBS series of the same name, Ms. Trilling, an American whose maternal grandparents were Mexican, calls Oaxaca "the land of no waste" where cooking techniques in some ancient villages have endured for a thousand years.

I suspected that the very notion of what constitutes food in Oaxaca would test Gabe's mettle. At the suggestion of Jacob, his older brother, we spent our second night in Mexico at a Oaxaca Guerrero baseball game, where instead of peanuts and Cracker Jack, vendors hawked huge trays piled high with chapulines, fried grasshoppers cooked in chili and lime, a local delicacy. Gabe was bug-eyed as he watched the man next to him snack on exoskeletal munchies in a paper bowl. "It's probably less gross than a hot dog," he admitted. "But on the rim of the bowl I saw a bunch of legs and served body parts. That's revolting!"

Our cooking day began at the Wednesday market in Etla, shopping for ingredients and sampling as we went. On the way in the van, Gabe had made friends with Cindy and Fred Beams, fellow classmates from Boston, sharing opinions about Caesar salad and bemoaning his brother's preference for plain pizza instead of Hawaiian. Cindy told Gabe about a delicious sauce she'd just had on her omelet at her В & В. "It was the best sauce — to die for," she said. "Then I found out the provenance. Roasted worms."

The Oaxacan taste for insects, we'd learn — including the worm salt spied at the supermarket and the "basket of fried locusts" at a nearby restaurant — was a source of protein dating back to pre-Hispanic times.

When our cooking class was over I saw a flicker of regret in his face, as though he sensed the world's infinite variety and possibilities in all the dishes he didn't learn to cook. "Mom", he said plaintively, surveying the sensual offerings of the table. "Can we make everything when we get home?"

A15   Gabe's mother thinks that he is

1) lazy.        

2) determined.        

3) selfish.

4) thoughtful.

A16   Gabe is supposed to represent the Emeril generation because he

1. is fond of criticizing others.
2. feels happy being alone.
3. is interested in cooking.
4. is good at making jokes.

A17   The narrator wanted to take Gabe to Oaxaca because

1. he could speak Spanish.
2. there are a lot of entertainments for children there.
3. he knew a lot about local cultures.
4. he was the best to keep her company.

A18   Gabe was struck when he

1. was told that local cooking techniques were a thousand years old.
2. saw the man next to him eat insects.
3. did not find any dish to satisfy his appetite.
4. understood that a hot dog was less gross than a local delicacy.

A19   The Oaxacan people eat insects because this kind of food

1. tastes pleasant.
2. is easy to cook.
3. contains an essential nutritional element.
4. helps to cure many diseases.

A20   At the end of the class Gabe felt regret because

1. there were a lot of dishes he could not make on his own.
2. the dishes he made were not tasty.
3. he did not want to go back home.
4. he had not managed to master all the dishes he liked.

A21 In paragraph 3 "brimming with" means

1. lacking.
2. being filled with.
3. astonishing with.
4. beckoning with.

По окончании выполнения заданий В2, ВЗ и А15-А21 НЕ ЗАБУДЬТЕ ПЕРЕНЕСТИ СВОИ ОТВЕТЫ В БЛАНК ОТВЕТОВ № 11 ОБРАТИТЕ ВНИМАНИЕ, что ответы на задания В2, ВЗ, А15-А21 располагаются в разных частях бланка. При переносе ответов в заданиях В2 и ВЗ цифры записываются без пробелов и знаков препинания.

Раздел 3. Грамматика и лексика

Прочитайте приведенный ниже текст. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами В4-В10, так чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы В4-В10.

The Climate of Russia

B4 Russia has a varied climate. Almost all of Russia in________ the North Temperature Zone.

SITUATE

B5 The climate is continental; however, the fluctuations in temperature are __________ than in other European countries.                                                                                                                                  

 GREAT

B6 The extreme north is a cold bare region — the tundra. For more than six months it ________in snow.                

BURY

B7 This region can be called the land of_________ rivers.  

FREEZE

B8 In May the temperature begins to rise. The gloomy night is succeeded by continuous daylight, when the sun ______ below the horizon for several months.

NOT SINK

B9 The better part of Russia is not influenced by the warm winds of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. There are no mountains in the north to form a barrier against the cold winds _______ from the Arctic Ocean.

BLOW

B10 The extreme west of Russia has a temperate climate. Thus, the
summers in the Baltic are cool and the winters mild. If we go_______ east, the climate will become more continental.

FAR

Прочитайте приведенный ниже текст. Образуйте от слов, напечатанных заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами В11-В16, однокоренные слова, так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы В11—В16.

Tourism in Australia

B11 The growth of tourism infrastructure related to the base of Ayers Rock, or Uluru began in the 1950s. Soon it started to produce adverse ____________impacts.  

ENVIRONMENT

B12 It was decided in the early 1970s to remove all accommodation-related tourist facilities and re-establish them outside the park. In 1975, _____________a of 104 square kilometres of land beyond the park's northern boundary was chosen as the site for a new resort.

RESERVE

B13 A year or two later, the __________ of a tourist facility and an associated airport, to be known as Yulara started.

DEVELOP

B14 The camp ground within the park was closed in 1983 and the motels closed in late 1984, coinciding with the opening of the luxurious resort. In 1992, the majority interest in the Yulara resort held by the Northern Territory __________         was sold and the resort was renamed Ayers Rock Resort.

GOVERN

B15 Since listing the park as a World Heritage Site, the annual number of ________rose to over 400,000 people by the year 2000.

VISIT

B16 Increased tourism provides regional and national economic benefits. It also   presents   an   ongoing   challenge   to  balance  conservation   of ______ values and tourists' needs.

CULTURE

Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами А22-А28. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям А22-А28, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Обведите номер выбранного вами варианта ответа.

Mausoleum of Mausolus

The Mausoleum of Halicarnassus (present Bodrum, Turkey) was a tomb built in 350 ВС for king Mausolus and Artemisia, his wife.

In 377 ВС, Halicarnassus was the capital of a small regional kingdom on the coast of Anatolia. In that year the ruler of the region died and left the kingdom to his son, Mausolus. Before his death the father king A22 ________ control of several of the neighboring cities and districts. Mausolus A23___________ the territory of the kingdom as far as the southwest coast of Anatolia. Mausolus and Artemisia ruled from their capital over the surrounding territory A24_________ twenty-fore years. Mausolus, although he was descended from local people, spoke Greek and A25 __________ the Greek way of life and government. He founded many cities of Greek design along the coast and A26_________ Greek democratic traditions.

Mausolus decided to build a new capital, a city as safe from capture as magnificent to be seen. He chose the city of Halicarnassus. Mausolus and Artemisia spent huge A27_________ of tax money to embellish the city.They commissioned statues, temples and buildings of gleaming marble. In the center of the city Mausolus planned to place a resting place for his body after his death. It would be a tomb that would forever show how rich he and his queen were.

In 353 ВС Mausolus died, leaving Artemisia broken-hearted. As a tribute to him,
she decided to build him the most splendid tomb, a structure so famous that it became
one of the Seven Wonders of the A28_______World.

A22 1) captured 2) took 3) achieved 4) required

A23 1) extended 2) lengthened 3) prolonged 4) doubled

A24 1) by 2) in 3) with 4) for

A25 1) worshiped 2) admired 3) beloved 4) fancied

A26 1) insisted 2) suggested 3) encouraged 4) persuaded

A27 1) amounts 2) numbers 3) quantities 4) figures

A28 1) Archaic 2) Prehistoric 3) Antique 4) Ancient

По окончании выполнения заданий В4-В16, А22-А28 НЕ ЗАБУДЬТЕ ПЕРЕНЕСТИ СВОИ ОТВЕТЫ В БЛАНК ОТВЕТОВ МП ОБРАТИТЕ ВНИМАНИЕ, что ответы на задания В4-В16, А22—А28 располагаются в разных частях бланка. При переносе ответов в заданиях В4-В16 буквы записываются без пробелов и знаков препинания.

Раздел 4. Письмо

Для ответов на задания С1 и С2 используйте бланк ответов № 2. При выполнении заданий С1 и С2 особое внимание обратите на то, что ваши ответы будут оцениваться только по записям, сделанным в бланке ответов № 2. Никакие записи черновика не будут учитываться экспертом. Обратите внимание также на необходимость соблюдения указанного объема текста. Тексты недостаточного объема, а также часть текста, превышающая требуемый объем — не оцениваются. Запишите сначала номер задания (CI, С2), а затем ответ на него. Если одной стороны бланка недостаточно, вы можете использовать его другую сторону.

CI     You have 20 minutes to do this task.

You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen-friend Jane who writes:

... Yesterday my Mum asked me to help her about the house. We were very busy with cleaning up after the birthday party the whole morning. I got quite tired and even missed my fitness class. What are your family duties, if any? Is there anything you especially like or dislike about house work? Do you find helping your parents necessary, why or why not?

Oh, I have some great news! I got a lovely kitten for my birthday...

Write a letter to Jane.

In your letter

• answer her questions
• ask 3 questions about her kitten

Write 100 — 140 words.

Remember the rules of letter writing.

C2    You have 40 minutes to do this task.

Comment on the following statement.

Some people think that you can master the language only if you study it abroad, in the native speaking environment.

What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement?

Write 200 — 250 words.

Use the following plan:

• make an introduction (state the problem)
• express your personal opinion and give 2-3 reasons for your opinion
• express an opposing opinion and give 1-2 reasons for this opposing opinion
• explain why you don't agree with the opposing opinion
• make a conclusion restating your position.

Вариант №3

Раздел 1. Аудирование

B1 Вы услышите 6 высказываний. Установите соответствие между высказываниями каждого говорящего A-F и утверждениями, данными в списке 1-7. Используйте каждое утверждение, обозначенное соответствующей цифрой, только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее утверждение. Вы услышите запись дважды. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу.

1. I would not return to using chemical cleaners that are bad for my family,
2. I find recycling necessary to keep our planet clean.
3. I would like people to care more about our planet water resources.
4. I am sure our clean and safe future is worth new green habits today.
5. I am concerned about the long-term effects of pollution in big cities.
6. I am trying to stop people from polluting the air.
7. I want people stop and think about the way we treat waste.

Вы услышите разговор друзей. Определите, какие из приведенных утверждений А1-А7 соответствуют содержанию текста (1 — True), какие не соответствуют (2 — False) и о чем в тексте не сказано, то есть на основании текста нельзя дать ни положительного, ни отрицательного ответа (3 — Not stated). Обведите номер выбранного вами варианта ответа. Вы услышите запись дважды

А1 Jerry does not want to travel to a crowded place this summer.

1) True        2) False        3) Not stated

А2 Jerry thinks that his last year journey to Paris was perfect.

1) True        2) False        3) Not stated

А3 Kate would prefer to go to a popular European tourist resort.

1) True        2) False        3) Not stated

А4 Jerry is going to swim in the sea in Egypt.

1) True        2) False        3) Not stated

А5 Jerry will take part in several archeological excavations held in Luxor.
1) True        2) False        3) Not stated

А6 Kate thinks that booking in advance is important.

1) True        2) False        3) Not stated

А7 Jerry has discovered that prices at the chosen five stars hotel are rather high.
1) True        2) False        3) Not stated

Вы услышите интервью. В заданиях А8-А14, обведите цифру 1, 2 или 3, соответствующую выбранному вами варианту ответа. Вы услышите запись дважды.

A8 What does James Smith mean using the word "dream"?

1. A wish or a desire of a person.
2. Human cognitive abilities.
3. The process of sleeping.

A9 One possible reason for having difficulties in realizing one's dreams is

1. criticism from other people.
2. wrong life values.
3. low self-esteem

A10  What is necessary to understand one's dreams?

1. Communicating with people.
2. Deep self-reflexion.
3. Analyzing others' plans.

A11 What of the following is NOT James Smith's recommendation?

1. Ranging one's goals
2. Making a list of one's goals.
3. Sharing one's goals with friends.

A12 What is, according to James Smith, the usual outcome of not following his advice?

1. Having no dreams and goals.
2. Losing friends.
3. Feeling sorry in the end.

A13    When saying "live out dreams" James Smith means

1. fulfilling them.
2. understanding them.
3. forgetting them.

A14 According to James Smith your dreams depend on your

1. joys and regrets.
2. family and friends.
3. talents and abilities.

Раздел 2. Чтение

B2 Установите соответствие между заголовками 1-8 и текстами A-G. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.

1. Lucky escape
2. Long journey
3. Good way to meet
4. Growing in popularity
5. Ordering in
6. Fast food is unhealthy
7. 7. A new way to buy
8. 8. Too much choice

A.        When you are tired and don't want to cook, just pick up the phone. Restaurants are expensive and take some time and effort to reach if you don't live in the centre of town. Ordering food for home delivery is cheap and these days there is a huge choice. Indian and Chinese are the most popular but I prefer to get in a pizza.

B.        A school group on a skiing holiday to Italy narrowly avoided disaster when their coach left the road and fell eighty meters into a valley. Trees slowed down the falling coach and because of the fresh new snow the vehicle landed quite softly. Amazingly no one was injured.

C.        A teenager from London is making news around the world. On his recent holiday in Australia he set off without his mobile phone. Experts are amazed that he is still alive after walking for fourteen days, surviving extreme temperatures and living off the land. However, a lot of Australians are unhappy with him. The rescue cost is estimated at more than 100,000 dollars.

D.        You can buy almost anything, new or second hand, on the internet. On one site you can offer the price you want to pay for something. Whoever offers the highest price can buy that item. Recently I made the highest offer for a nearly new pair of skis. However, I only paid half of what they would have cost new in a shop.

E.        Making new friends on the internet makes so much sense. You can see someone's photo and read if they share your interests and opinions. The important thing is you can spend time getting to know people who are attractive to you and looking for the same things in life that you are. Still, for personal safety, most sites recommend that in person you meet initially in a public place like a café or a gallery.

F.        I like eating out but some restaurants have huge menus. And usually every item sounds mouth watering. The trouble is I like to read about everything on offer and sometimes waiters wait for me rather than on me! The other issue is how they can offer so much whilst maintaining quality? I'd rather take one of five options knowing that each one was brilliant.

G.        "Facebook" is a social networking website that has 250 million members and despite lots of criticism by employers, governments and media, continues to attract thousands of new users daily. In spite of claims of concerns about privacy, safety and wasting time at work, "Facebook" is one of the most rapidly establishing phenomena of recent years.

ВЗ Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A-F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1-7. Одна из частей в списке 1-7 лишняя. Занесите цифры, обозначающие соответствующие части предложений, в таблицу.

My Stage

My family moved to Rockaway, New Jersey in the summer of 1978. It was there that my dreams of stardom began.

I was nine years old. Heather Lambrix lived next door, and she and I became best friends. I thought she was so lucky A__________ . She took tap and jazz and got to wear cool costumes with bright sequences and makeup and perform on stage. I went to all of her recitals and В____        .

My living room and sometimes the garage were my stage. I belonged to a cast of four, which consisted of Heather, my two younger sisters, Lisa and Faith, and I. Since I was the oldest and the bossiest, I was the director. Heather came with her own costumes С________. We choreographed most of our dance numbers as we went along. Poor Faith ... we would throw her around D________. She was only about four or five ... and so agile. We danced around in our bathing suits to audiocassettes and records from all the Broadway musicals. We'd put a small piece of plywood on the living room carpet, E________. And I would imitate her in my sneakers on the linoleum in the hall. I was a dancer in the making.

My dad eventually converted a part of our basement into a small theater. He hung two "spotlights" and a sheet for a curtain. We performed dance numbers to tunes like "One" and "The Music and the Mirror" from A Chorus Line. I sang all the songs from Annie. I loved to sing, F______. I just loved to sing. So I belted out songs like "Tomorrow", "Maybe" and "What I Did For Love." I knew then, this is what I wanted to do with my life.

1. like she was a rag doll
2. whether I was good at it or not
3. wished I, too, could be on stage
4. and I designed the rest
5. and I was star struck
6. so Heather could do her tap routine
7. because she got to go to dance lessons

Прочитайте текст и выполните задания А15-А21. В каждом задании обведите цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному вами варианту ответа.

Avoidance activity

I am in Birmingham, sitting in a cafe opposite a hairdresser's. I'm trying to find the courage to go in and book an appointment. I've been here three quarters of an hour and I am on my second large cappuccino. The table I'm sitting at has a wobble, so I've spilt some of the first cup and most of the second down the white trousers I was so proud of as I swanked in front of the mirror in my hotel room this morning.

I can see the hairdressers or stylists as they prefer to be called, as they work. There is a man with a ponytail who is perambulating around the salon, stopping now and then to frown and grab a bank of customer's hair. There are two girl stylists: one has had her white blonde hair shaved and then allowed it explode into hundreds of hedgehog's quills; the other has hair any self-respecting woman would scalp for: thick and lustrous. All three are dressed in severe black. Even undertakers allow themselves to wear a little white on the neck and cuffs, but undertakers don't take their work half as seriously, and there lies the problem. I am afraid of hairdressers.

When I sit in front of the salon mirror stuttering and blushing, and saying that I don't know what I want, I know I am the client from hell. Nobody is going to win Stylist of the year with me as a model.

'Madam's hair is very th ...',they begin to say 'thin', think better of it and change it for 'fine'—ultimately, coming out with the hybrid word 'thine'. I have been told my hair is 'thine' many times. Are they taught to use it at college? Along with other conversational openings, depending on the season: 'Done your Christmas shopping?' 'Going away for Easter?' 'Booked your summer holiday?' 'You are brown, been way?' 'Nights are drawing in, aren't they?' 'Going away for Christmas?'

I am hopeless at small talk (and big talk). I'm also averse to looking at my face in a mirror for an hour and a half. I behave as though I am a prisoner on the run.

I've looked at wigs in stores, but I am too shy to try them on, and I still remember the horror of watching a bewigged man jump into a swimming pool and then seeing what looked like a medium sized rodent break the surface and float on the water. He snatched at his wig, thrust it anyhow on top of his head and left the pool. I didn't see him for the rest of the holiday.

There is a behavior trait that a lot of writers share—it is called avoidance activity. They will do anything to avoid starting to write: clean a drain, phone their mentally confused uncle in Peru, change the cat's litter tray. I'm prone to this myself, in summer I deadhead flowers, even lobelia. In winter I'll keep a fire going stick by stick, anything to put off the moment of scratching marks on virgin paper.

I am indulging an avoidance activity now. I've just ordered another cappuccino, I've given myself a sever talking: For God's sake, woman! You are forty-seven years of age. Just cross the road, push the salon door open, and ask for an appointment!

It didn't work. I'm now in my room, and I have just given myself a do-it-yourself hairdo, which consisted of a shampoo, condition and trim, with scissors on my Swiss army knife.

I can't wait to get back to the Toni & Guy salon in Leicester. The staff there haven't once called my hair 'thine' and they can do wonders with the savagery caused by Swiss army knife scissors.

A15 The narrator was afraid to enter the hairdresser's because she

1. had spilt coffee on her white trousers.
2. doubted the qualification of local stylists.
3. was strangely self-conscious.
4. was pressed for time.

A16 Watching the stylists, the narrator concluded that they

1. were too impulsive.
2. had hair anyone would envy.
3. had strange hair-dos themselves.
4. attached too much importance to their 'craft'.

A17 The narrator calls herself 'the client from hell' mainly because she

1. doesn't like to look at herself in the mirror.
2. never knows what she wants.
3. is too impatient to sit still.
4. is too demanding.

A18 The narrator doesn't like stylists as they

1. are too predictable in their conversation.
2. have once suggested that she should try a wig.
3. are too insensitive to clients wishes.
4. are too talkative.

A19 According to the narrator the avoidance activity is

1. common to all writers.
2. mostly performed in winter.
3. talking to oneself.
4. a trick to postpone the beginning of work.

A20 The narrator finally

1. talked herself into going and fixing an appointment.
2. got her hair done at a hotel.
3. cut her hair after shampooing it.
4. spoilt her hair completely.

A21 The last paragraph means that the Toni & Guy salon in Leicester is the

1. only hairdresser's she has ever risked going to,
2. salon she trusts and is not afraid to go to.
3. place where she is a special client.
4. the first place she has ever tried.

Раздел 3. Грамматика и лексика

Прочитайте приведенные ниже тексты. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами В4-В10, так чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текстов. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы В4-В10.

Who really discovered America?

B4 Everybody knows that Christopher Columbus discovered America. Was he really the first to reach the continent? The great Norwegian explorer Thor Heyerdal believed that ancient people were able to build boats that_________cross oceans.

 CAN

B5 To test his ideas, Heyerdal decided to build a copy of the ancient
Egyptian boat and sail across the Atlantic. On May 25, 1969 the boat
called Ra left a port in Morocco and headed across the_________ part of the Atlantic.

WIDE

B6 On May 17, 1970 Ra successfully crossed the Atlantic, that _______ ancient civilizations had enough skill to reach America long before Columbus.

PROVE

Greek myths: Apollo and Cassandra

B7 In ancient Greece there were many temples built for Apollo. He was the god of youth, beauty, music and poetry. Besides, Apollo had one very special skill — he could see the future. One day Apollo came to

the  temple  in Troy.  Among other ______he  saw Cassandra, a young and beautiful priestess, who worked at the temple.

WOMAN

B8 Apollo  _______ by her grace                                                                                    IMPRESS

B9 The minute Apollo saw Cassandra, he_______in love. It was love at first sight. Apollo offered her a deal. He would give Cassandra the gift of being able to see the future, if she gave him a kiss. Cassandra agreed.

FALL

B10 With a laugh, Apollo gave her the gift,________about the reward. Instantly, Cassandra could see the future. She saw Apollo, in the future, helping to destroy Troy.

DREAM

Прочитайте приведенный ниже текст. Образуйте от слов, напечатанных заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами В11-В16, однокоренные слова, так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы В11—В16.

The World's Language

B11 The English language is famous for the richness of its vocabulary. Webster's New International Dictionary lists 450,000 words, and the new Oxford English Dictionary has 615,000, but that is only part of the total. Technical and ___________ terms would add millions more.

SCIENCE

B12 The wealth of existing synonyms means that __________ of English have two words for something denoted by one word in a different language. The French, for instance, do not distinguish between house and home, between mind and brain. The Spanish cannot differentiate a chairman from a president.

SPEAK

B13 In Russia, there are no native words for efficiency, challenge and engagement ring. Of course, every language has areas in which it needs, for ___________ purposes, to be more expressive than others.

PRACTICE

B14 The Eskimos have fifty words for types of snow, though there is no word for just plain snow. ___________ , African languages have no native word for snow.

NATURAL

B15 Nowadays,   globalization   influences   the ______________ of languages.                        

DEVELOP

B16 Some native words ___________, giving way to international terms.  

APPEAR

Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами А22-А28. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям А22—А28, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Обведите номер выбранного вами варианта ответа.

Mark's Visit to Ravenscar

Mark and Fenella were the first to arrive at Ravenscar. Mark had not been to Ravenscar for a long time, but even so he had not forgotten the spectacular A22 ______ from the library windows. As he and Fenella were ushered into the room by Cecily Deravenel, he A23 _______ his best not to rush over to the windows to enjoy the view.

"It's lovely to see you both," Cecily was A24 _________ , and then her face broke into smiles.  "Ah, here's Bess, your greatest admirer, Fenella. And Nanny with the other children."

A moment later Fenella and Cecily were surrounded by the youngsters, all clamoring for attention, and Mark took the opportunity to walk to the other end of the room. Mark always thought that A25 _____ up children was so boring.

Turning around Mark allowed his eyes to sweep the room for an admiring moment, taking in long shelves of books, several memorable paintings, and the handsome antiques, made of dark, ripe woods. There were A26 _____sofas and chairs arranged near the huge stone fireplace. A27 ______ the warm weather, a log fire was blazing. It was a pleasure to be in such a nice room.

His eyes settled on Fenella, who was momentarily preoccupied with the youngsters,and he had to admit he had never seen such beautiful children in his life. They might have just stepped out of a portrait by one of the greatest artists of the eighteenth century, Thomas Gainsborough, George Romney, Sir Joshua Reynolds. Suddenly he A28 _____ he had had children.

A22 1) look 2) gaze 3) view 4) stare

A23 1) made 2) held 3) kept 4) did

A24 1) saying  2) speaking 3) telling 4) talking

A25 1) raising 2) bringing 3) rearing 4) growing

A26 1) comfortable 2) relaxing 3) convenient 4) suitable

A27 1) Although 2) Unlike 3) Instead 4) Despite

A28  1) wanted 2) longed 3) wished 4) willed

По окончании выполнения заданий В4-В16, А22-А28 НЕ ЗАБУДЬТЕ ПЕРЕНЕСТИ СВОИ ОТВЕТЫ В БЛАНК ОТВЕТОВ МП ОБРАТИТЕ ВНИМАНИЕ, что ответы на задания В4-В16, А22-А28 располагаются в разных частях бланка. При переносе ответов в заданиях В4-В16 буквы записываются без пробелов и знаков препинания.

Раздел 4. Письмо

Для ответов на задания С1 и С2 используйте бланк ответов М 2. При выполнении заданий С1 и С2 особое внимание обратите на то, что ваши ответы будут оцениваться только по записям, сделанным в бланке ответов № 2. Никакие записи черновика не будут учитываться экспертом. Обратите внимание также на необходимость соблюдения указанного объема текста. Тексты недостаточного объема, а также часть текста, превышающая требуемый объем — не оцениваются. Запишите сначала номер задания (CI, С2), а затем ответ на него. Если одной стороны бланка недостаточно, вы можете использовать его другую сторону.

You have 20 minutes to do this task.

You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen-friend Jane who writes:

... / have just returned from our school volleyball competition. I played for my class team and we won! What sport competitions are held in your school, if any? How can you become a member of your school sport team? Is it an easy thing to do? What kind of sport sections can you attend at school or in town?

Oh, I have some more good news! My sister had a great birthday party yesterday!

Write a letter to Jane.

In your letter

--   answer her questions

• ask 3 questions about her sister's birthday party

Write 100 — 140 words.

Remember the rules of letter writing.

C2    You have 40 minutes to do this task.

Comment on the following statement.

Some people think that boys and girls should study separately at different schools.

What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement?

Write 200-250 words. Use the following plan:

• make an introduction (state the problem)
• express your personal opinion and give 2-3 reasons for your opinion
• express an opposing opinion and give 1-2 reasons for this opposing opinion
• explain why you don't agree with the opposing opinion
• make a conclusion restating your position

Вводные фразы для неофициальных писем.

1. Письмо должно быть правильно структурировано:

— обращение, соответствующее неофициальному стилю, на отдельной строке;

— вступление с ссылкой на предыдущие контакты (на полученное письмо) — отдельный абзац;

— главная часть, соответствующая пунктам задания (несколько абзацев — помните о правильном делении на абзацы);

— заключение;

— завершающая фраза на отдельной строке;

— подпись на отдельной строке (только имя).

2. Письмо надо также правильно оформить:

— краткий адрес автора в правом верхнем углу;

— дата (под адресом).

ПРИМЕР

25 Volodarskogo St

Saransk

Russia

1 June 2003

Dear Tom,

It was good of you to think of writing to me, and I appreciate it very much.

Thanks for your letter. I was so glad to receive it.

I was delighted to receive your nice letter.

Thank you very much for the letter you sent me.

I've long been intending to write to you, but one thing or another have arisen to prevent me from carrying out my good intentions. Besides, you know, the longer one postpones writing, the more difficult it is to begin.

How are you doing? Everything is fine with me. I'm sorry that I haven't written for a while, but I've been really busy.

In your letter you ask me about …

You ask me to tell you a few things about …

Well, …

As for the …

It is great that …

How long …?

What …?

Do you think …?

Are you …?

Could you please tell me …?

Please tell me more about it.

I would like very much to hear about …

I would be very much obliged because …

Do you think you could find time to make inquiries at bookstores in London? If you manage to get it and send it to me by airmail, I would be most grateful.

I wonder if it would be possible for you to send a copy of the book to me? I would be only too pleased to send you something in return.

I have been wondering recently how you are getting on and whether things have been improving for you.

Anyway, I’d better go now. I’ve got loads of homework to do tonight.

I am very eager to hear from you, so please write as soon as you can.

I am looking forward to your early reply. Please write me soon.

I am looking forward to receive your letter.

Hope to hear from you soon.

I hope you will write me again soon.

Best wishes,

Masha

Приложение 9-2

Инструкция для участников ГИА по устной части ГИА по иностранным языкам

1. Проведение устной части ОГЭ по иностранным языкам требует строгого следования инструкциям в целях достижения максимальной объективности оценивания. Ваше перемещение во время устной части экзамена будет проходить согласно установленному расписанию через следующие помещения: аудитория для ожидания (в которой мы находимся), аудитория для подготовки к ответу на устной части экзамена, аудитория, в которой проходит собеседование с экзаменатором.

2. Организатор, обеспечивающий перемещение участников ГИА во время экзамена, пригласит вас из аудитории для ожидания  в аудиторию для подготовки, где у Вас будет не менее 10 минут на выполнение следующих действий:

1. сесть за парту и заполнить регистрационные поля бланков ответов №1, №2,
2.  прочесть и понять содержание двух заданий;
3. при необходимости сделать записи для ответа на черновике (записи можно делать на любом языке, они не оцениваются, но рекомендуется делать заметки на иностранном языке).

3. Использовать словари или какие-либо другие справочные материалы НЕ разрешается.

4. По истечении отведенного на подготовку времени вас пригласят в аудиторию для устного ответа. С собой вы берете ИК и черновик со своими записями. Помните, что, если во время устного ответа вы читаете вслух текст, написанный  в аудитории для подготовки к устному ответу, ваш ответ будет оценён в 0 баллов.  

5. В аудитории для устного ответа находится экзаменатор. Он проводит с вами собеседование, выполняя роль партнера по общению.

Все ваши ответы будут записываться в цифровом формате и проверяться независимо двумя экспертами по специально разработанным критериям.

6. Вы должны чётко и громко произнести своё имя и фамилию в начале ответа, а после выполнения задания сказать: "Ответ окончен". В случае отказа от ответа вы должны сказать, что отказываетесь от выполнения задания части С2 или С3, или С2 и С3.

 7. Перед началом выполнения заданий вам будет предложено несколько вводных вопросов, ответы на которые не оцениваются (в течение 1–2 мин.).

8. На каждое задание отводится определенное время. Обращайте внимание на время, указанное в каждом задании. Предполагаемое время  устного ответа не более 6 минут.

9. Ваше общение с экзаменатором-собеседником ограничивается только экзаменационными заданиями.

10.  По окончании вашего ответа Вам дадут прослушать  элементы аудиозаписи вашего ответа. В случае, если запись была сделана некорректно, Вам будет предложено повторить ваш ответ. Оценивание ваших умений в говорении будет проводиться по второй аудиозаписи.

11. По окончании экзамена вы должны покинуть этаж/ППЭ. НЕ разрешается заходить в аудитории для ожидания и подготовки, общаться с участниками ГИА, не сдавшими экзамен. Хождение по этажу/ППЭ запрещено.

Неличные формы глагола

Аттестационное испытание по форме билеты.

Выпускник: Демчук Александр 9 В класс.

Предмет: английский язык

Оценивание по комплексным показателям (каждый из показателей оценивается по 4х бальной шкале «отлично», «хорошо», «удовлетворительно», «неудовлетворительно»:

1. Оценка по чтению текста, ответов на вопросы _________________
2. Оценка высказывания по проблеме ___________________
3. Оценка речевой ситуации _________________
4. Итоговая оценка __________________________

2.2. Оценка за ответ на вопрос выставляется:

• «Отлично» - если ответ исчерпывающий, правильный, уверенный и четкий;
• «Хорошо» - если ответ в основном полный и правильный, однако допущены незначительные погрешности, исправленные после дополнительных вопросов;
• «Удовлетворительно» - если ответ неполный, неуверенный, нечеткий, отдельные положения неправильные, однако путем наводящих вопросов в основном достигается необходимая полнота ответов;
• «Неудовлетворительно» - если ответ сумбурный, неправильный, содержит существенные, принципиальные ошибки, учащийся не понимает сущности излагаемого вопроса или не дает ответа на него.

Итоговая оценка за ответы по билету определяется средним баллом оценок, полученных по каждому вопросу:

«Отлично» - если средний балл не менее 4,5;

«Хорошо» - если средний балл не менее 3,5;

«Удовлетворительно» - если средний балл от 2,7 до 3,5. Допускается наличие одной оценки «неудовлетворительно»;

«Неудовлетворительно» - если не выполнены требования для получения оценки «удовлетворительно».

Как писать эссе на английском языке?

Отвечая на вопрос, «как писать эссе на английском языке», стоит напомнить, что любое эссе состоит из нескольких частей. Я бы определила три самых главных: введение, основная часть и заключение. Во введении необходимо обозначить ключевую мысль, идею или проблему, о которой вы будете говорить в основной части. Лучше всего, если она прозвучит в виде какого-нибудь краткого, но лаконичного законченного высказывания. Кстати, это может быть и цитата на английском языке, если вам удастся подобрать ее в соответствии со смысловым содержанием этого эссе на английском языке.

В основной части эссе на английском языке полагается представить какие-либо доводы, доказательства или опровержения вашей основной мысли, которые бы выражали лично ваше мнение по данному вопросу. Можно привести примеры, которые будут иллюстративно отображать вашу точку зрения. При написании эссе на английском языке постарайтесь избегать заумных или книжных фраз, которые превратят вашу работу в скучное творение. В этом случае проверяющий может вообще отказаться читать эту работу. Лучше используйте простой, но одновременно хороший, грамотный, качественный английский. Употребляйте больше прилагательных и наречий, но главное достоинство письменного английского в этом случае – синонимы глаголов и слов в целом. Ваше эссе станет запоминающимся,лексически и грамматически «красивым». И да, ошибки не приветствуются!

В заключении завершите все ваши рассуждения и сделайте выводы, которые и будут финальной частью вашего эссе на английском языке. Все части эссе должны плавно переходить одна в другую, все мысли должны быть логически связанными. В этом вам поможет специальная лексика, которая и существует для того, чтобы вы последовательно излагали свои мысли.

Например, при добавлении можете воспользоваться такими словами, как moreover (кроме того, более того), as well as (так же как, а так же), furthermore (кроме того, к тому же). Если хотите отобразить контраст или противопоставление, обращайтесь к but (но), however (однако), on the other hand (с другой стороны), yet (даже, пока, уже), on the contrary (на самом деле, наоборот, напротив). Ограничить можно с помощью слов despite / in spite of (несмотря на), выразить причину или итог чего-либо получится при помощи следующей лексики: therefore(поэтому, по этой причине), so (итак, поэтому), as a result (вследствие этого, таким образом),consequently (следовательно, поэтому), this results in (в результате), this leads to(получается). Обратите внимание и на наречия порядка и последовательности – then (потом), next(затем, в следующий раз), after (после), finally / lastly (наконец).

Основной проблемой при определении ключевого момента в том «как писать эссе на английском языке» является неспособность кратко, но грамотно изложить свои мысли. Как правило, мы стараемся, как говорится, «растекаться мыслью по древу» или «лить воду». Вот этого как раз делать не стоит, так как большой объем не нужной информации в вашем эссе на английском языке не станет достоинством вашей работы, а будет ее недостатком. Если вы пишите эссе не на экзамене, а просто готовитесь к чему-либо, попросите друзей и родственников прочитать его и оценить. Сами тоже перечитайте его несколько раз, чтобы увидеть, допустили ли вы смысловые или грамматические ошибки, и в случае присутствия благополучно от них избавиться.

Существует достаточно книг по написанию эссе на английском языке. Вы можете поискать материал на данную тему, ознакомиться с советами и подсказками специалистов. Примеры эссе можно посмотреть на сайте usingenglish.com.

Полезные фразы при написании эссе на английском

При написании эссе на английском вы можете использовать следующие фразы, предоставленные ниже. Это поможет вам легче связать части эссе между собой и сделать его еще более легко читаемым:

• Одной из главных причин для... - One of the main reasons for ...
• Одним из основных факторов является ... - One of the major factors in ... is...
• Один из самых сильных аргументов против / в пользу ... это ... - One of the strongest arguments against/ in favour of ... is ...
• Одним из основных преимуществ / недостатков ... это ... - One of the main advantages / disadvantages of ... is ...
• Вообще говоря, ... - Generally speaking, ...
• Кроме того, более того,... - moreover,...
• Так же как / а так же... - as well as,...
• Кроме того, к тому же - furthermore.

Если хотите отобразить контраст или противопоставление, обращайтесь: but (но), however (однако), on the other hand (с другой стороны), yet (даже, пока, уже), on the contrary (на самом деле, наоборот, напротив).

Ограничить можно с помощью слов despite / in spite of (несмотря на), выразить причину или итог чего-либо получится при помощи следующей лексики: therefore (поэтому, по этой причине), so (итак, поэтому), as a result (вследствие этого, таким образом), consequently (следовательно, поэтому), this results in (в результате), this leads to (получается).

Обратите внимание и на наречия порядка и последовательности - then (потом), next (затем, в следующий раз), after (после), finally / lastly (наконец).

Это прежде всего выражение мнения:
In my opinion
I agree, I disagree
From my point of view
Some people say that
According to
Таких вводных слов можно набрать не один десяток и, умело поместив их в текст, улучшить его качество.

Фразы и примерная структура эссе на английском языке

Образец эссе с аргументацией «за» и «против»

Образец эссе:

Введение

в тему

In today’s world of fierce competition, it is important for young people to get well-prepared for the challenges of the future. Thus the institution of gap year can be regarded as a step in the right direction though it is also not without its problems.

Аргументы

«за»

In its favour, the gap year seems to be useful psychologically as it helps young people understand their needs and interest better before they actually commit themselves to any particular career path. Besides, the gap year has educational advantages because it offers a lot of opportunities to learn about the world and one’s own place in it. For all these reasons, the gap year can be regarded as a positive social institution.

Аргументы

«против»

However, as critics are quick to point out, the gap year can in fact be harmful as it interrupts with the rhythm of learning and often makes it difficult for students to return to their studies. Apart from that, unfortunately not every young person can afford to travel around the world and many of them end up sitting around at home, which can be very demotivating.

Заключение

All in all, the gap year may arouse mixed feelings, but still thousands of people every year take a year off. One can only hope they will use it fruitfully, minimizing the dangers and taking full advantage of its benefits.

Much knowledge is a dangerous thing

            One of the  important characteristic of every man  is knowledge. It creates him as a person, gives an opportunity for the further development, maintains the social status in society. But will be this knowledge always good, under the category of good and determined with good intentions? 
         Every day, our brain get a lot of information and through various stages of decoding, is located in our memory. That is why the person has some understanding of yourself and people around the world . He is able to recognize,  to understand, and  to know. Because of all this knowledge is the companion of his life, then, to which he can rely on in difficult situations. But will be enough a resource for solutions to these problems? After all, we are taught from childhood to be educated and intelligent The basis of these concepts is brought up in kindergarten, at school, in our family. But with the scientific knowledge, the person also learns love and hate, friendship,  good and bad, in another words-  a legal and moral symbols of conduct according to he must dispose of "rest» knowledge.  Other words, he must be a man in the way of learning! 
            But on the other hand knowledge may be act as "dangerous" man assistant. 
An example of “dangerous" knowledge can be ancient times, when people learned the structure of the earth, the influence of other planets on it, the space as a whole. And such outstanding scientists as Copernicus, Galileo, Bruno, were burned because of the "might" of their knowledge. Was it then evil? Now the danger is not at all that we know a lot, but the fact that much do not know. Ignorance simply undermines all the rights to development. 
           The definition of this problem is actual only in the situation , when their knowledge, abilities in nanotechnology man destroys  himself simply as a species, their nature habitat. Maybe our ancestors feared correctly? Is knowledge the evil? Maybe should we listen? All of our guesses and assumptions about a better life on earth make it clear Russian proverb which says, perhaps the very essence of knowledge, there is no happiness without intellect! 
             And our life is so that knowledge plays a role only in the performance of the main aim . As Dostoevsky said : "To be a man among people , and be a person  forever, in all situation , in any misfortune not  to lose heart and not to be cast down ", well, knowledge must be a necessary attribute of this aspiration and a worthy guide on the path to ideal. 

Classroom 322

7 Bulgakov Street

School № 5

Ust’ – Ilimsk, Russia

May 10, 2012

Dear Kseniya,

Hello! How are you? I decided to write you the letter.

 Sometimes I think about your problems, the teenager’s problem. To my mind your age in spite of all difficulties is the most interesting and unforgettable. Do you agree with me? It would be interesting for me to know your opinion.

And I’d like to know about your attitude towards the Love. As for me, I think the real Love happens very seldom in people’s life, unfortunately. And what do you think about it?  

Please write me soon.

Best wishes

Your Teacher,

___________________________

Classroom 322

7 Bulgakov Street

School № 5

Ust’ – Ilimsk, Russia

May 10, 2012

Dear Irina,

Hello! How are you? I decided to write you the letter.

 Sometimes I think about your problems, the teenager’s problem. To my mind your age in spite of all difficulties is the most interesting and unforgettable. Do you agree with me? It would be interesting for me to know your opinion.

And I’d like to know about your attitude towards the Friendship. As for me, I think the real Friendship happens very seldom in people’s life, unfortunately. And what do you think about it?  

I hope to hear from you soon.

Best wishes

Your Teacher,

___________________________

Classroom 322

7 Bulgakov Street

School № 5

Ust’ – Ilimsk, Russia

May 10, 2012

Dear Anzhelika,

Hello! How are you? I decided to write you the letter.

 Very soon you will take an exam on English. How do you prepare to it? May be you need some help from your teacher? How can I help you?  

And I’d like to know about your attitude towards the Hollywood. Why do you choose this  topic for your report?  

I am looking forward to receive your letter.

Best wishes

Your Teacher,

___________________________

ЗАДАНИЕ НА  УСТАНОВЛЕНИЕ СООТВЕТСТВИЯ ПРОВЕРЯЕТ УМЕНИЕ ПОНЯТЬ

ОСНОВНУЮ МЫСЛЬ  И ДАЕТСЯ НА ЧТЕНИЕ С ПОНИМАНИЕМ ОСНОВНОГО СОДЕРЖАНИЯ.

        Read the magazine article and mach the headings (a-d) below with the paragraphs (1-4).

1. Sit on the chair and put one leg out in front of you. Point your toes and ‘write’ each letter of the alphabet in the air with your big toe. Then repeat the exercise with the other foot. This is great for people who like skiing, snowboarding or ice skating.

2. Put a tape measure on a wall outside your house and see how high you can reach with one hand. Then jump off one foot and see how high you can get. Then jump off both feet. Try to jump higher each day. This is useful basketball practice, by the way!

3. You don’t need a partner for this .Dancing is an aerobic exercise – this means it brings a lot of new oxygen to your muscles. This is really important because it makes your heart strong and keeps you healthy. Dance 2or 3 times a week – at home or a discotheque!

4. Do you think helping at home is useless and boring? You’re wrong. Housework can make your muscles and bones strong. Cleaning floors or windows are also great exercise for your elbows and knees. And 30 minutes of digging the garden can burn 200 calories.

                        a. Dance to the music!

                        b. Jump for Joy!

                        c. Tide Your Room.

                        d. Easy as ABC!

ЗАДАНИЕ ОТВЕТИТЬ НА ВОПРОСЫ ПРОВЕРЯЕТ УМЕНИЕ  ИЗВЛЕКАТЬ КОНКРЕТНУЮ  ИНФОРМАЦИЮ.

        Answer these questions.

1 What exercise is good for snowboarding?

2 What sport is jumping good for?

3 Why is dancing good for your body?

4 In what ways can housework keep you fit?

                КАК ВЫПОЛНИТЬ ЭТО ЗАДАНИЕ?

1.Быстро просмотреть текст, чтобы понять о чем он.

2. Прочитать список заголовков.

3.Прочитать каждый абзац текста, подчеркнуть слова связанные с заголовками.

4. Проверить каждый заголовок еще раз на соответствие с текстом.

ЗАДАНИЕ НА ЗАПОЛНЕНИЕ ТАБЛИЦЫ ПРОВЕРЯЕТ УМЕНИЕ ИЗВЛЕКАТЬ КОНКРЕТНУЮ

ИНФОРМАЦИЮ (ДАТА, ЦИФРА, ИМЯ, НАЗВАНИЕ) И ДАЕТСЯ НА ЧТЕНИЕ С ПОЛНЫМ ПОНИМАНИЕМ ПРОЧИТАННОГО.

                                    YOUTH.

A Hippies

     In the 1960s and 1970s a hippy was a person who opposed the normal standards of society. Hippies wore unusual clothes. Girls, for example, often wore Indian -style silk dresses and both men and women usually had long hair. They lived in groups together, often in quiet places in the countryside. Hippies believed in peace, and one of their favorite saying was ‘Make love, not war’. A lot of hippies in the USA and Europe went on marches to protest against the Vietnam War. When the hippy movement started in the US, especially in California, young people showed their peaceful feelings by wearing flowers in their hair. For this reason, they were also called flower people or children. Hippies listened to rock music. They enjoyed the songs of Bob Dylan and it was at this time that the Beatles wrote songs like ‘Give Peace a Chance’ and ‘All you Need is Love’.

B Punks

     In the mid 1970s, times were hard. Unemployment was growing higher, especially amongst the young the young, and many teenagers felt that society was to blame. A youth culture started up which expressed these negative feelings – punk. Punk rock tried to shock people, while the hippies were talking about love and peace, punks were full of hate. They thought normal pop music was boring and listened to bands like the Sex Pistols. Punks chose clothes that their parents hated. They wore ripped, Doc Marten boots and leather jackets, and often had brightly coloured spiked hair.

C Ravers

       Most British pubs shut at 10.30 or 11.00 pm and outside of the cities there are few clubs and places that stay open late. It can be irritating when you have nowhere to go at night. In the late 1980s large parties called raves started up .They usually took place in empty buildings and you could dance all night to the fast beat of acid or techno music.  .Ravers wore casual clothes, comfortable to dance in: loose T-shirt and jeans. Raves became linked with drugs and the police often tried to stop them. However, the parties continued, as the organizers would keep the location of the party secret until just before it started.

                Как выполнить?

1.Прочитать каждый абзац и выбрать ключевые слова.

2. Ответы занесите в таблицу.        

ЗАДАНИЕ АЛЬТЕРНАТИВНЫХ ОТВЕТОВ ПРОВЕРЯЕТ УМЕНИЕ ВЫДЕЛИТЬ  КОНКРЕТНУЮ ИНФОРМАЦИЮ И ДАЕТСЯ НА ЧТЕНИЕ С  ИЗВЛЕЧЕНИЕМ НЕОБХОДИМОЙ ИНФОРМАЦИИ, С ПОЛНЫМ ПОНИМАНИЕМ ПРОЧИТАННОГО..

      Read the text. Are these statements true (T) or false (F)?

                What pets do Russians have?

     Most people in Russia love animals. A lot of them have got one or more, even in big cities. .One survey shows that 45% of Russians have cats at home. People like cats – in Moscow there is the famous Cat Theatre and it is always full.

     Dogs are popular too – 36% of Russians have dogs and there is dogs show all over the country. The shows have prizes for different types of dogs. There is also a dog show programme on TV.

Wild bird was once very common pets in Russia. Many people had wild birds from the forest in their homes. They feed the birds in March and April every year to celebrate spring. Now only 12% have birds as pets – there are mostly budgies.

     Goldfish are less popular now, too - only 4% of Russians have them as pets. And 10% of animal lovers have other pets. Some of these are small, friendly animals such as rabbits. Others are dangerous or rare pets like the spider you can see here.

1. The most popular pets are cats.
2. 45% of people in cities have got cats.
3. Dogs can win prizes at dog shows.
4. People have many different kinds of wild birds as pets today.
5. People freed their birds in spring.
6. Goldfish are not very popular pets.
7. A lot of people have rare pets.

.        Как выполнить задание?

1.Внимательно прочитать задание, для того чтобы знать, какую информацию искать в тексте.

2. Быстро просмотреть текст, чтобы понять, о чем он.

3.Подчеркнуть ключевые слова в задании

4.Выполнить задание, находя ответы в тексте.        

ЗАДАНИЕ ОТВЕТОВ НА ВОПРОСЫ ПРОВЕРЯЕТ УМЕНИЕ ЧИТАТЬ С ПОЛНЫМ ПОНИМАНИЕМ ПРОЧИТАННОГО.

                        LONDON MARKTS.

Read the brochure. Which markets do you think have these things?

     1 stamps   2 expensive clothes 3 fruit and vegetables 4 music CDs  5 old books

Portobello Road is one of the world’s largest market for antiques and collectors’ items .It’s got: old books, boxes, bottles, cameras, carpets, clocks, drawings, furniture, handbags, lamps, paintings, photos, postcards, radios, stamps, telescopes, tins, toys and watches.

      Camden Markets (there are 5 of them) are open 7 days a week. They are great markets for young people: you can find a fantastic variety of music CDs and amazing clothes for going to nightclubs!

Covent Garden is London’s old fruit and vegetable market. Now it has fashionable shops with designer clothes and jewellery. There is an indoor market with crafts, clothes and food. Covent Garden is fun because it often has street musicians and mime artists.

      Borough Market in south-east London is open of the capital’s oldest and largest food markets. It is open on Fridays and Saturdays and you can buy food from all over the word: fruit and vegetables, cheese, meat, seafood.  You can often see famous London chefs shopping there.  

       Which markets would these people go to?

A  Jamie Morris is 23. He works for a famous London restaurant and is looking for some new ideas to expand the menu.

B  Karen Katz, 18, loves going out and wants to find ideas for new clothes.

C  Susan Jeffry, 38, is looking for a nice dress for her sister’s wedding.

D  Sam Schinham, 29, is an American tourist and he wants to buy nice clothes and have fun.

E  Colin Filey, 39, collects old bottles and boxes.

        Which of the markets would you like to go to?

Это задание так же проверяет умение извлекать информацию в виде оценочных суждений описания, аргументаций, умение делать выводы из прочитанного.

        Как выполнить задание?

1 Бегло просмотреть текст, чтобы понять, о чем он, обращая внимание на заголовок.

2 Внимательно прочитай задания, для того чтобы знать какую информацию необходимо искать в тексте.

3 Подчеркнуть ключевые слова в тексте.

4 Найти ответы в текстах.

ЗАДАНИЕ НА ЗАПОЛНЕНИЕ ПРОПУСКОВ ЧАСТЕЙ ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЙ В ТЕКСТЕ ПРОВЕРЯЕТ ПОНИМАНИЕ СТРУКТУРНО-СМЫСЛОВЫХ СВЯЗЕЙ ТЕКСТА.

  Fill in the gaps in the sentences

                        WINDOW SHOPPING

     The day would be spent with my best friends Kath and Kate. We are actually three Catherines (by birth spelt with a C), -------- we are all K’s: Kat (that’s me), Kath and Kate – the 3K Window Shopping gang!

 Window shopping is simply wonderful. You can look at any outfit. You can try on--------- not a single item on sale for which the price is a problem. You will try something on, ponder, pout, twirl, think hard, check yourself in the mirror one last time and finally reflect--------- right for you! The highlight of this regular adventure however, is generally the 3Kchocolate and ice cream break in the Shopping Centre’s top floor café.

     Of course we do not believe that we are wasting anyone’s time. WE do ------- as well, but a reliable equation for us is – 3Ks + shopping mall = a good time.

      But -------- out to be especially memorable. One of the stores had a questionnaire lottery with the first prize being a voucher worth J200. We filled in the question forms while in the café and returned to the store by their 2.00pm deadline. Kate won the first prize but we had decided in advance that if any of us won something, we would share equally: All for  K and one for all! At this point our morning of window shopping paid off. We completed --------- slightly less than 10 minutes: three skirts, three hats and three belts and three very OK, K’s.

1. Not like to spend our time
2. That it’s probably not quite
3. That particular day turned
4. Our real shopping in
5. Something go shopping for real
6. Anything you want and there is
7. But when we are together

Целью этого задания является проверить понимание структурных связей между отдельными фрагментами предложения.

                            Как  выполнять?  

1.Бегло просмотреть текст, попытаться определить содержание.

2.Второй раз читать текст последовательно обращая особое внимание на последнее слово или выражение перед каждым пропуском. Если это слово или выражение требует определенного согласования или управления, надо искать соответствующее начало в выделенном фрагменте.

3. Если одна и та же гр.структура используется в начале нескольких выделенных фрагментов, учитывать смысловое  содержание предложения с пропуском, а также предыдущих и последующих предложений.

4..Один предложенный фрагмент лишний. Обратить особое внимание на пропуски, где изначально были выбраны несколько возможных соответствий. Обосновать для себя выбор того или иного соответствия.

ЗАДАНИЕ НА ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ ЗАГЛАВИЯ ТЕКСТА ПРОВЕРЯЕТ ЧТЕНИЕ С ПОНИМАНИЕМ ОСНОВНОГО СОДЕРЖАНИЯ ПРОЧИТАННОГО.

 Read an extract. Which of these titles do you think is the best? Why?

           A night at the Theatre

        My First Date

        Young Love

     Love hit me when I was 12. I was still in shorts but little hairs were starting to grow on my upper lip. A young girl, Lucy, lived in the flat above ours. She was pretty with lovely, brown hair and perfect teeth. One day, after I had saved my pocket money for some time, I invited Lucy to go to a variety show with me. I only had 70 cents but I had worked it all out: 2 tickets for the theatre, 50 cents, and four tram tickets, twenty cents.

    It was January and it had snowed earlier that day so we took the tram. Lucy looked charming and I looked handsome as we got off in Times Square. Unfortunately, a candy vendor was standing outside the theatre. I hadn’t thought about that. Lucy saw her favorite coconut candy and asked for it. Like a fool, I bought it for 10 cents. We were miles away from the stage and the noise of Lucy eating her candy was louder than the actors’ voices. During the performance, Lucy ate every single bit of candy. On the way out, I was a bit upset about the candy. But then I realized I only had enough money for one ticket back home. Today I feel terrible about this, but remember, I was only 12, it was cold and Lucy had eaten all the candy.

      I turned to her and said,” Lucy, when we left home I had 70 cents, enough for the tickets and the tram fare. I hadn’t planned on candy. I didn’t want candy. You wanted candy and you had all the candy. I have every right to go home by tram and leave you to walk. But, you know I’m mad about you. So I’m going to give you a fair chance…

 Целью этого задания является проверить понимание основного содержания текста, умение отделять главное от второстепенного, игнорировать избыточную информацию, игнорировать незнакомые слова.

Как выполнить задание,

1. Прочитать заголовки.
2. Подчеркнуть в них ключевые слова.
3. Прочитать текст

ЗАДАНИЕ НА ЗАПОЛНЕНИЕ ТАБЛИЦЫ ПРОВЕРЯЕТ УМЕНИЕ ИЗВЛЕКАТЬ КОНКРЕТНУЮ ИНФОРМАЦИЮ (ДАТА, ЦИФРА, ИМЯ, НАЗВАНИЕ) И ДАЕТСЯ НА ЧТЕНИЕ С ПОЛНЫМ ПОНИМАНИЕМ ПРОЧИТАННОГО.

        VLADIMIR VYSOTSKY: FROM FANTASY TO PROTEST.

     Vladimir Vysotsky, the legendary Russian actor, poet and singer-songwriter, was born in 1938 in Moscow. For 20years, he was a leading actor in the avantgarde Taganka Theatre, where his performance as Hamlet was widely praised. Vysotsky played in 30 films and composed songs for The Vertical Line, Dangerous Tours, and The Wind of Hope.

     Vysotsky wrote his first song, TATTOO, when he was very young. In the 60s and 70s, you could hear Vysotsky’s hoarse voice coming from tape recorders in many Russian homes. His songs appealed to all kinds of different people and they ranged from fantasy songs to adventure and war songs. But common to all his works was his humanity and his ability to describe human experiences and express people’s feelings. Among his many songs, some, such as Unknown Soldiers’ Graves, About Rumours and Wolf Hunt are still popular today. His biting satire made him unpopular with the authorities, and most of his records and CDs were only legally released after his death in 1980.

     Vysotsky became a legend in his lifetime, and today his grave is a place of pilgrimage for many Russians.

                 Как выполнить задание?

1.Прочитать текст.

2.Найти место, где запрашиваемая информация дается в тексте.

3. Убедиться в правильности выбора и занести в таблицу.

Раздел ПИСЬМО

Задание «Личное письмо»

Содержание:

1. Ссылка на предыдущие контакты в начале письма
2. Объем высказывания должен превышать 50% выполнения поставленной задачи
3. Правильная форма обращения, соответствующая неофициальному стилю
4. Завершающая фраза, соответствующая неофициальному стилю
5. Подпись (только имя пишущего)

Организация текста:

1. Логичность
2. Деление на абзацы
3. Обращение на отдельной строке
4. Завершающая фраза на отдельной строке
5. Подпись на отдельной строке
6. Адрес автора в правом верхнем углу (можно краткий)
7. Дата под адресом

Задание «Письменное высказывание с элементами рассуждения»

(Следует иметь в виду, что существуют задания двух типов: сочинение с аргументацией «за» и «против» и сочинение-выражение собственного мнения, которые различны по предлагаемым планам, что ведет к различиям в их содержании, в особенности, в их основной части. Таким образом, содержание абзацев изменяется в зависимости от типа сочинения.)

Содержание:

Последовательное раскрытие всех пунктов плана сочинения

1. Вступление – постановка проблемы
2. II абзац -  выражение собственного мнения с аргументацией или аргументы «за»
3. III абзац -  формулировка противоположных аргументов и мнений против них или аргументы «против»
4. Заключение – вывод или собственное мнение

Организация текста:

Правильное деление текста на абзацы

Связность текста

Логичность построения текста

Адекватное применение логических средств связи в тексте

1. Префикс со значением “снова”, “заново”, “вновь”, “пере”:

2. Префиксы, которые придают слову противоположное значение или обозначают противоположное действие:

3. Префиксы, имеющие отрицательное значение:

4. Префиксы, имеющие значение “сверх”, “пере”, “чрезмерно”:

5. Префиксы со значением “между”, “взаимно”:

6. Префиксы, которые переводятся как

а) “перед”:

б) “после”:

в) “недостаточно”, “недо-“:

г) “под”:

д) “экс”, “бывший”:

е) само-, авто-

ж) полу-

з) через-, транс-

и) вверх, кверху, наверху

к) двойной, два, дважды

л) имеющий дело с книгами

м) относящийся к жизни

н) второстепенное значение

Словообразование – это один из наиболее продуктивных способов расширения и обогащения словарного состава. Выделяют два способа словообразования:

1. Словопроизводство – образование новых слов преимущественно путем прибавления к корню приставок и суффиксов.

2. Словосложение – соединение двух и более корневых слов в одно составное.

Словообразование может происходить путем конверсии*. При этом от существующего слова без изменения его формы образуется новое слово, принадлежащее к другой части речи. В английском языке от существительных могут образовываться глаголы и наоборот; глаголы могут также быть образованы от прилагательных; иногда существительные и прилагательные, а также существительные и глаголы совпадают по форме:

*Необходимо дать внятное определение термину «конверсия»

Для того чтобы показать, к какой части речи относится слово, используются артикли и частицы:

Словопроизводство может происходить следующими способами:

1. При помощи чередования звуков. При этом написание слова может либо измениться, либо нет:

2. При помощи ударения. Это, в основном, касается существительных и глаголов, которые совпадают по форме. У существительных ударение падает на первый слог, у глаголов – на второй:

3. При помощи аффиксов (префиксов и суффиксов). Префиксы стоят в начале слова, суффиксы – в конце. Префикс ставится в начале слова и изменяет значение корневого слова:

К наиболее употребительным префиксам английского языка относятся:a-, be- co-, counter-, de-, dis-, ex-, in-, im-, out-, over-, post-, pre-, sub-, super-, trans-, ultra-, under- и другие:

Суффикс ставится после корня и изменяет принадлежность слова к той или иной части речи.

Производные существительные образуются путем прибавления суффикса к глаголам, прилагательным и другим существительным. Наиболее употребительными здесь являются следующие суффиксы:-er, -or, -ant, -ent, -ion, -ment, -ture, -age, -ence, -ance, -ing, -ism, -ity, -ness, -ency, -ship, -ist, -ian и другие:

Производные прилагательные образуются путем прибавления суффикса к глаголам, существительным и другим прилагательным. Наиболее употребительными здесь являются следующие суффиксы:-ive, – able, -uble, -ent, -ant, -ish, -y, -al, -ical, -ous, -ful, -less, -proof и другие:

Иногда слова с некоторыми суффиксами переводятся на русский язык словосочетаниями:

Производные наречия образуются путем прибавления суффикса к прилагательным, реже к существительным, порядковым числительным и причастиям:

Словосложением образуются следующие части речи:

1. Сложные существительные.

Они обычно образуются путем сложения двух существительных, прилагательного и существительного или глагола и существительного. Некоторые составные существительные состоят двух существительных с предлогом между ними.

2. Сложные прилагательные.

Они образуются путем соединения существительного или наречия с прилагательным или причастием.

*Здесь нужно заменить перевод «educated» на синоним, чтобы была разница в переводе частей слова и конечном варианте

3. Сложные глаголы.

Они образуются путем соединения существительного или прилагательного с глаголом.

4. Сложные местоимения, предлоги, наречия и союзы.

5. Сложные слова, включающие ever, а также here, there, where с послелогами.

Фразовые Глаголы

to look

Look after – присматривать, заботиться

Look at – смотреть на

Look in – навещать, заходить

Look up – искать

Look out! – Осторожно!

Look for – искать

to put

Put off/ put aside – откладывать

Put on – надевать

Put away – убирать, прятать

Put down – записывать

Put out – тушить (огонь)

Put up with – мириться

to get

Get up – вставать

Get together – собираться, встречаться

Get over – оправиться (после болезни)

Get off – сойти, слезть

Get along with/ get on – жить (поживать)

to find

Find fault with – придираться

Find oneself – найти свой талант

Find out – выяснить, обнаружить

to run

Run into – встретиться (случайно)

Run over – переехать, задавить

Run out of – истощить свой запас

to give

Give away – отдавать, дарить

Give out – раздавать

Give in – уступать

Give up – отказаться

to go

Go in for – увлекаться

go off – гаснуть

go on – продолжать

go without – обходиться без ч-л

to turn

turn on – включить

turn off – выключить

turn down – убавлять

turn to…for – обращаться к к-л за ч-л

turn into – превращаться

turn inside out – выворачивать наизнанку

turn up - появляться

Эссе «за» и «против»

Introduction (State the problem) – Введение (обоснование проблемы)

Arguments “for” – Аргументы «за»

Arguments “against” – Аргументы «против»

            Conclusion - заключение

Примеры:

1. Many parents encourage their children to study well by giving extra pocket money for each good mark. Is it correct to do so? There are different opinions on this problem. Let’s discuss some of them.

            Some people think that this is the only way to encourage their children because to study is boring and difficult. Children have different subjects at school. Some of them such as maths and chemistry are very difficult. Some of them like geography and biology are boring. Children work at school all the morning and when they come home they must prepare their homework. So they work almost all day. Perhaps, many parents think that if they are given money for their work, why not to give money to the children for their work? They think the money will make their children to study better because they would like to have money for sweets and different games. Otherwise the children save the money for games not eating breakfast at school.

Unfortunately, this is not true. Firstly, children get used to study only if they are given money. So, their marks become worse and worse if parents can’t give them money every day. Secondly, if there are many children in the family, it’s impossible to give them all money for every good mark when they start going to school. Thirdly, children must study well not for the sake of money but because it’s interesting and because the good knowledge will help them to make a career and to find an interesting work they like.

As for me, I wouldn’t give extra pocket money for each good mark to my children. My parents sometimes gave me money for good marks and it didn’t make me work better. But, I think, it’s right to give children extra pocket money on holidays or when they ask for it. Otherwise they will find different ways to find the money they need themselves.

2)  One of the most important problems nowadays is the problem of studying. Is it right to encorage children to study well by giving pocket money for the good marks?

From the one hand it is a great idea. Parent teach their children to earn their own money. Children try to work hard – and as a result they receive money: big money for good work! It helps to organize “little businessmen” better, to do everything in time. That’s why they become healthier, stronger and receive knowledge at school.

But this issue has also some negative features. Little children need not only to work, but to relax sometimes, play different games, meet with friends etc. Thanks to hard atmosphere (atmosphere of everyday studying) they can damage their health. Besides doing homework all the time children can earn money, but loose all the frends because of lack of communication.

Everyone has his own freedom of choice. That’s why every parent should think about everything beforehand. He or she should take care about her/his child and think about children’s future life, think about details which can help children to go into adult life.

3) Children differ. Some children study better, some children study worse. And many parents encourage their children to study well by giving extra pocket money for each good mark. Is it really a problem?

I think giving pocket money is not so bad. Some children have to become study better because they don’t want to disappoint their parents. Besides they try more when they do homework and answer questions of teachers. Moreover, children begin to understand that their parents don’t wish them any harm, mother and father just try to help in getting of education.

But not all children are the same. Firstly, some children may show to parents good marks, writing by their friend’s hands and get pocket money very easily. After that they spend it on computer games, magazines, may be alcohol, sigarettes, drugs and other useful and dangerous things. Secondly, parents must understand that by buying of good marks they don’t make children learn more. Furthermore, it can be expensive for parents if their children begin to study much better.

It can be noted that that giving pocket money for each good mark is not very big problem, but also it is not a good way to make a child to study better. Parents have to control their children’s learning. Buying of good marks it is not the best choise.