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методическая разработка по английскому языку (10 класс) по теме

Advertising

There are many different kinds of advertising (on the radio, on television, in newspapers, in magazines, and on billboards). In your opinion, which one of these kinds of advertising is the most effective? Why? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

All advertising media share a common goal; to reach as many consumers as possible and convince them to buy a certain product. They all employ similar strategies to achieve this objective, but some are more effective than others. In my opinion, television is the most effective because of several advantages it has over other advertising media.

For one thing, I believe television advertising has a greater power to engage its audience than print and radio media have. While print appeals only to the sense of sight and radio only to hearing, television appeals to both sight and hearing simultaneously. Moreover, a television advertisement is a moving film and therefore is quite successful at presenting the illusion of reality. The characters in a television commercial seem alive. For these reasons, we are probably more likely to pay close attention to a television commercial than to a radio commercial or an ad in a magazine.

Secondly, the advantage of television advertising over other advertising media is related to the costs involved in producing television commercials. Because of the extremely high cost of advertising on television, the companies which can afford the expense can also afford to do intensive market research. In other words, they can study market trends and buying habits in order to target a very specific consumer audience.

Finally, of all the advertising media, television reaches the widest audience. With a television in nearly every household and the average person watching several hours of television per day, television presents an enormous possibility of exposing a product to a large number of people.

In conclusion, the advantages of television advertising make it by far the most effective advertising medium. Since the marketing industry is very competitive, even the smallest advantage can give a company an edge over its competitors. Thus, companies with a large advertising budget undoubtedly prefer television to other forms of advertising media.

Living abroad. (TOEFL example essay)

Living abroad provides many opportunities and challenges. When I study abroad, I look forward to making friends. By getting to know people, I will be able to improve my English language proficiency. There are idioms and words that are best learned within the context of real conversations with native speakers.

I also look forward to being a participant in a new culture. At the end of my stay, I hope that I will understand the culture in a different and deeper way than is possible when information is derived from only movies and books.

In addition, I am excited about studying on a foreign campus. I expect the college courses to be challenging, and I am eager to learn about the latest technological advances in my field of study.

I am realistic about the disadvantages of foreign study, however. I know that I will miss my family very much. It will be too expensive to return to my country to spend holidays with them, and I will be very lonely during the times when I know that they are gathered for special celebrations.

Another aspect of the experience that I do not look forward to is the reliance on fast food that is so typical of college students. Pizza, hamburgers, and other junk foods are easier to find and prepare than the meals that I enjoy in my country, but they aren't as good, and they probably aren't as healthy.

Finally, I imagine that my life will be very stressful because I will be competing with students who know the language of the classroom and are accustomed to the expectations that the professors have for their students. I am a competitive person by nature, and I am apprehensive about my ability to compete with my classmates.

Once I am living abroad, I will no doubt find many other opportunities to take advantage of and many challenges that I must confront. Nevertheless, I expect my experience to be overwhelmingly positive, and I intend to see the lessons in both adventures and adversity.

Teacher evaluation

Schools should ask students to evaluate their teachers. Do you agree or disagree? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

At some schools, students are given a questionnaire at the end of each semester and are asked to evaluate their teachers and professors. I believe this is a good practice. For the students, the faculty, and the administration, teacher evaluation is an indispensable part of any educational institution.

It is important for students to have the opportunity to comment on their teachers' performance. Most students want to be sure that the education they are receiving is of the highest possible quality. By critiquing their instructors' teaching skills, they will feel that they have some kind of influence over this matter.

Feedback from students is valuable also for teachers. A teacher needs to know when his or her teaching methods are effective for a particular group of students. For example, teaching a graduate seminar may require a very different approach than lecturing to undergrads. Thus, the students' comments will let the teacher know which teaching strategies work well and which could be improved upon. Or, since many comments are filled with praise and elaborate "thank-yours," they are sometimes simply great morale boosters.

Finally, teacher evaluation forms are useful for the university administration. They can help the administration to control the quality of education at their school by ensuring that teachers are aware of their strengths and weaknesses. They can influence the decision whether or not to grant tenure to a particular professor. Moreover, in the case where a teacher consistently gets negative feedback from students, the administration can use this information to decide on finding a replacement.

In the final analysis, the process of evaluating teachers is beneficial to all parties involved. Indeed, the simple act of conducting the evaluation keeps everyone aware of the fact that good education depends on open lines of communication between teacher and student. Undoubtedly, students will perform better if they know their opinions matter, and teachers will perform better if they know that their students care about how they are being taught.

Compete or cooperate?

Both competition and cooperation play a large role in the advancement of society, both in business and non-business areas. Competition forces people to improve their products or services, and hence benefits the recipients of these products or services. Cooperation, however, plays an even more important role in development of individuals and the society as a whole, because it drastically increases the scale of these improvements. Working in groups and teams far increases the productivity of individuals. Thus, I firmly believe children should be taught to cooperate rather than to compete.

First of all, cooperation is an important skill in the future life of all children. They will need to live with other people throughout their life, since they will not study alone, work alone, nor spend their leisure time alone. If they do not know how to cooperate with their classmates, their colleagues, and other family members, then they will lose the chance to live happily. Thus, cooperation skills should be taught before they grow up to face serious problems living with others.

Furthermore, cooperation is a significant contributing factor to the development of society. While competition generally ends in a win-lose result, cooperation advocates that one plus one is larger than two, three or even a larger number. For example, the competition of two business firms would ultimately lead to the result that one becomes stronger and the other fails and goes out of business. However, if they cooperate with each other successfully, they may group together to form an enterprise larger than the mere sum of the two. The more successful cooperation there is, the better the society develops. Thus, cooperation should be taught to children, because eventually they will be the executives of important corporations.

Admittedly, competition also plays a significant role in many areas. Stressed by the competition, individuals and organizations have to struggle to survive, and so they are forced to make improvements and develop.

However, in comparison, cooperation is more effective in helping individuals and societies to develop, because it benefits not only individuals, but also society as a whole. The reality is that children should be taught both, but if forced to choose only one, parents should undoubtedly teach their kids to cooperate rather than to compete

Has the media paid too much attention to celebrities?

Some people feel that television, newspapers, magazines, and other media pay too much attention to the personal lives of famous people such as public figures and celebrities, although others have different opinion about that. As far as I am concerned, I fully agree with that. Safe to say, more than 70% lights are focused on those famous people and all kinds of stars. This is because common people like to watch, to know about and to become famous guys.

Let us look at the television first, when you turn on the television, there are more than 60 channels in United States, but almost all channels are either talking about celebrities, movie stars, or showing some TV soap programs in which some movie star is in it. There are daily programs such as "E-Talk", "Access Hollywood", and "Entertainment Tonight" which concentrate on lives of famous stars. You can tell from their names. Not to mention there are a lot of awards such as Oscar award, Emmy award, Gold Globe, and so on. They are all about famous people. For the program of talking show, such as the Opera Show, or the Larry King Show, most guests that are invited to these programs are celebrities or politicians. And people love to watch that.

As for magazines or newspapers, it is the same situation. The first front page, second page and Headline are very often about famous people in different areas, even sometimes discussing the private life of famous people. It looks like if there are no celebrity photos on the front page, the subscription will decrease. People love to read stories about these stars or celebrities.

Especially, there are so many photographers who want to take pictures of these famous people's private life. They do not care how this will invade those people's privacy, because they know these photos of celebrities may help them get rich. Think about how Princess Diana died in 1997.

Nobody can say that it has nothing to do with those paparazzis. The fact that people love to know everything about Dianna, one of the most famous celebrities in the world, killed the princess.

In conclusion, TV, newspapers and magazines need these celebrities to attract people's eyeballs. Otherwise, they cannot survive. And the average people seem to enjoy these personal lives of famous people or celebrities. So it is quite normal for media to pay so much attention to these big guys in the world.

What would you change about your hometown?

If I could change one important thing about my hometown, it would be air pollution problem, and I will give the following reasons to explain why I want to solve the problem.

The first and most important reason is that I hope that my hometown can become a beautiful city. As an old industrial city, my hometown has made a great deal of contribution for the country's economic development. At a result, the natural environment of the city has been badly damaged. The forest has disappeared; the mountains have become bald, and the most awful thing is that the air quality becomes more and more worsen. People seldom see the blue sky during most time of year.

Another reason why I want to change my hometown's air pollution situation is that the city's development needs clean and tidy environment to attract investors. Nowadays people have come to know that the city's environment, which is so called "software facility of the city", plays an important role in the city's future. For example, due to the fact that the environment of the city is very poor, many local students who pursue their study out of the city would rather find themselves a job in other cities than coming back to their hometown after they graduated.

In addition, nowadays people have paid more and more attention to their health. If the air pollution problem cannot be solved as quickly as possible, people's requirement for a healthy body will never be realized.

In my mind, changing air pollution will apparently be my first choice if I can change one important thing about my hometown. Fortunately people in my hometown are gradually aware of the serious problem and start doing something about it.

How do movies or TV affect people?

Our life has gone through great changes since television and movies came into being, which provides a totally new and different way of using our spare time to the traditional way. As a matter of fact, with the wide spread of this mass media such as movies and television all over the world, people's behavior and thoughts have been changed a lot since it has become an inalienable part of our daily life. Movies and television influence people's behavior by altering their views of value, beauty, and the world.

People become more confident and seldom give up after watching the movie Forest Gump, they stop smoking and begin to do exercises after watching the TV program about smoking ruins one's health, and girls try hard to lose weight after actresses in movies and television tend to be thinner and thinner. All these changes, indeed, has much to do with mass media. It is obvious that, teenagers talk a lot when gathered together about sports games or newest Hollywood movies, whereas adults discuss the world's political situation or social problems when having time in their offices. The topics that they focus on, in most cases, are acquired either from television programs or from movies, and so forth.

Movies and television influence people's behavior by satisfying their imagination. Heroes and heroines achieve great success of their business, attain sweet love of their life, and gain high respect of their fame so easily within a two-hour long movie. When watching it, audiences can experience the same evens, share the same feelings, and this whole process would fulfill their fantasies, as a result, cause them to find balance in their lives, or, to some degree, lose the balance, which depends on not only the movies but also the audiences themselves. All in all, mass media, including movies and television, has a significant correlation with people's behaviors. To put it differently, tasks are arduous for mass media to bring people laughter, joy and relaxation, and at the same time some pedagogic meanings.

Are parents best teachers?

Are parents are best teachers? Different people will give different responses to this question from their own characters, emotional concerns and even educational backgrounds. However, when it comes to me, I believe that parents are our best teachers for the following reasons. In the first place, parents are the people who are closest to us and who understand our real needs best. From infancy on, our parents have witnessed every step in both our physical and mental development. They share every hint of happiness or unhappiness with us and they even know what a little gesture of us might indicate. Based on such a deep understanding, our parents will teach us what we are interested in and what we are not.

For instance, they can often buy books on our favored topics such as sea animals and astronomical objects. Little by little, we can mature our minds and broaden our horizons in our favorite fields. (Or are we prospective artists, scientists, teachers, or even businesspeople? Our parents might tell that at our early ages. Consequently, they will give us specific encouragement and abundant resources in our favored fields. Sometimes, our parents can even point out a direction to our future professional goals. Will other people do that for us based on such a solid understanding of us?)

In the second place, our experienced parents are our best teachers of today's complicated society. From our teachers at school, we can learn sophisticated knowledge. But how can our teachers tell us how to communicate with others, how to deal with strangers, how to behave in different occasions, and how to make important decisions of our daily life? Only our parents, who will spend their whole life loving us, caring us will tell us how to steer our own boats in the ocean of life without selfish consideration.

Admittedly, our friends and school teachers could provide us with valuable advice now and then, and maybe it will be easier for us to follow their suggestions. Their effects on us cannot be neglected or replaced by our parents. And parents might spoil their children or even interfere with children's privacy because of love. To be honest, the roles of these two kinds of people cannot be replaced by each other. However, it seems to me that only our parents, who will spend their whole life with us, will be our best teachers, not only for now but also for our whole life.

All in all, if all the factors are contemplated, we can easily reach a conclusion that, parents are not only our first teachers but also our best teachers. Let's be carefully aware of this point and take better care of our parents to repay their efforts to teach us.

Why go to university?

A university degree often helps a person achieve his goal with more ease. However, do we attend university just in pursuit of a degree? Does a university only provide us nothing beneficial besides a paper-made diploma? As far as I am concerned, we enjoy university education in the following aspects:

Firstly, with the knowledge learned at a university, we will have a deep understanding of our society. It is true that genuine knowledge comes from practice, but it cannot be denied that genuine knowledge tells us how to practice. A systematic study in a college or a university, of course, enables us to realize how the society works and how to cope with certain problems arising from it in a more efficiently, and more skillful way.

Second, a university education usually makes it possible that we get hold of a decent job. As a result of the accomplishment of a four-year study, it is not difficult for us to find a good job in most cases. How can we imagine that a graduate majoring in astronomy has to be a vendor in the street! No doubt, he/she should sit in his/her laboratory, doing research on aircraft science before a computer. Obviously, a university education assures him/her a decent job.

Last, but not the least, we can help others much better if we put what we have learned at a university into practice. A university education fortifies our values, enhance our skills, and broaden our horizons. With those, we are more capable of giving a hand to those who are in need of help than ever before.

Knowledge is power. When achieving a degree at a university, we can get a better understanding of the society, find a decent job in an easy way, and help others better. All of those are due to the knowledge learned at a university.

Advertising- Admissions Essay for Entrance to Theatre Institute

I have always loved acting. The sensation of performing is unrivaled; nothing beats the interaction of a performer and an audience forming a bond and believing in the story being told on stage before them. The reason I’m so enthusiastic about performing is because it’s such an amazing art form; just the concept of it—being able to embody the art and make people think and feel in new and different ways—is incredible.

It is precisely this passion, not only for performing but for theatre as a whole, that makes me want to attend the University Theatre Institute.

What I’d like to gain from this experience is to hone my performing abilities and test myself in an intensive theatre environment. Simply to be surrounded by a group of performers, who are as dedicated and enthusiastic about theatre as I am, would be an amazing experience in and of itself. An environment in which I could work with other strong performers in a scene or play would be one in which I could thrive and do my best work.

Hope For The Future

Essay: Describe events that demonstrate your ability to succeed in business.

My classmates called me "the alien," because as a young boy, I suffered from dermatitis, which filled my limbs with ulcers and scars. Socially I was alienated from my classmates and lived a life of loneliness and isolation. Doctors predicted that I would never fully recover, but my parents refused to accept this. They encouraged me to hope for the future, teaching me that any obstacle could be overcome. I therefore took an active role in my health, trying many medications and herbs.

Approaching my loneliness with bravery, I came to view it as a challenge to be overcome. The summer after I graduated from primary school, my disease improved dramatically. The self-confidence I regained was profound; I realized that my personal will had led to this improvement. I began to seek out friendships at school, and I took part in activities like volleyball, Girl Guide, and Art Club. Through it all, my attitude toward challenges remained the same. In every examination or competition, I told myself that I could easily excel since nothing could be more difficult than what I had already overcome. I had learned to be confident and never to fear failure. This credo echoes through my personal life and gives me the inner resolve to succeed at any endeavor, including my professional pursuits.

Like my personal battle with dermatitis, I learned a great deal about leadership by overcoming adversity. While enrolled in an ESL program, I joined the Culture Club as a Special Event Director. I managed a group of six individuals in organizing various functions. I was the most advanced ESL student among the group, and I therefore assumed myself to be the most capable. I quickly learned my mistake. While preparing our first function, I was strict with my team members and often rejected their ideas in favor of my own. As a result, the function was not very successful. The setback disheartened me, and I spoke of it to the club's supervisor. She responded that she trusted my ability to succeed in the future. This comment filled me with surprise, for I realized that I had never trusted my own team members. Although they were weak in English, they had many valuable talents. I immediately changed my policy, allowing team members to choose the tasks they desired and to complete them on their own.

Meetings evolved into group brainstorming sessions, which yielded many good ideas. Most importantly, the atmosphere among us improved dramatically. We were happier and more eager to devote time to the program. I learned what true leadership is, and the experience undoubtedly improved my ability to handle challenging business situations.

Career plans for Master's Degree

Early in my childhood, the Internet became more than just a luxury - it became a necessity. My father moved from Singapore to Indonesia to start a textile company when I was four years old, leaving me alone with my mother. To alleviate the pressures of separation, I developed the computer skills needed for electronic communication and was able to remain in close contact with my father. This experience solidified my interest in information technology and exposed me to the enormous potential of this developing field.

In the summer of 2001, I exploited my knowledge of IT to help those in my community. I volunteered at a local library, helping people with computer and Internet-related questions. Also at that time, my father's business had launched many technological changes that led to the automation of its production line. These improvements had saved his company from bankruptcy. Visiting him and seeing how the new system had increased his profits heightened my interest in IT. I now live in Spain, where computers continue to play a large role in my daily affairs. I use electronic mail and Internet chats to communicate with both parents, and have chosen management information systems as my course of study. Information technology fascinates me not only because it makes companies more competitive, but also because it can bridge great distances to bring people together.

Personal satisfaction also plays a key role in my career decision. While monetary rewards are of practical importance, true job satisfaction springs from the opportunity to grow and learn within an industry. I enjoy acquiring new skills and information, which help me to adapt to the fast-changing world, as well as pique my interest in innovation. In addition, a career with open prospects would give me constant incentive to improve myself and to gain more knowledge. I currently volunteer for an on-campus organization, in which I am responsible for posting employment opportunities on the World Wide Web, answering questions and preparing informative handouts. This position has broadened my computing abilities and has improved my interpersonal skills, which are crucial to any business endeavor. I enjoy the sense of productivity and usefulness I gain from the work, and feel it is a valuable experience for future employment.

Given the confluence of my personal and professional interests, my goal is to obtain a master's degree and then to work in an IT-related industry, either with a consulting firm or as a systems analyst with a financial institution. In addition to this, I plan to use my private time to attend computer programming courses in order to maintain a competitive knowledge of technology. When I have gathered enough experience and skills, I plan to launch a consulting company of my own.

Attending a Master's of Science program will smooth the path to these goals. Such a program will deepen my expertise and broaden my perspectives. Moreover, the MIS option will help me to hone my skills in IT areas that I have not yet encountered. As I have attended the University of ZYX for four years, I am familiar with and have confidence in the faculty professors whom I believe can help me become an IT professional.

“STUDY ENGLISH INFO” +МНОГОЕ ДРУГОЕ (ГРАММАТИКА)

Начало эссе (фактически - сочинения на заданную тему) - постановка проблемы. В первом абзаце необходимо перефразировать тему, дополнить, показав, что вы её осмыслили.

Many people think … but others do not agree.
Let us consider what the advantages and disadvantages of … are.
Let’s consider some pros and cons of it.
Let us start by considering the facts.
Let us start by considering pros and cons of it.
It is generally agreed today that …

Следующие фразы можно использовать, если требуется рассмотреть аргументы "за" и "против". Не забывайте использовать слова-связки.
To begin with, …
You can …
Firstly,.../ Secondly,.../ Finally,...
One argument in support of...
The first thing that needs to be said is...
first and foremost

It is... true that.../ clear that.../ noticeable that...
One should note here that...

Another good thing about … is that …
The second reason for...
It is often said that...
It is undeniable that...
It is a well-known fact that...
For the great majority of people...
We live in a world in which...
A number of key issues arise from the statement. For one...
One of the most striking features of this problem is...
First of all, let us try to understand...
The public in general tend to believe that...

What is more, …
Besides, … because it is …
Doubtless,...
One cannot deny that...
It is (very) clear from these observations that...

On the other hand, we can observe that...
The other side of the coin is, however, that...
Another way of looking at this question is to...
One should, nevertheless, consider the problem from another angle.
One should, however, not forget that...
If on the one hand it can be said that... the same is not true for...
On the other hand, …
Although …
Besides, …
Moreover,
Furthermore, one should not forget that...
In addition to...
Nevertheless, one should accept that...
However, we also agree that...

Подкрепить свою мысль можно мнением (неких абстрактных) экспертов
Experts...
... believe that
... say that
... suggest that
... are convinced that
... point out that
... emphasise that

According to some experts...
Perhaps we should also point out the fact that...
It would be unfair not to mention that fact that...
One must admit that...
We cannot ignore the fact that...
One cannot possibly accept the fact that...
From these facts, one may conclude that...
Which seems to confirm the idea that...
Thus,.../ Therefore,...
The most common argument against this is that...

В заключении делаете вывод.
In conclusion, I can say that although … , …
To draw the conclusion, one can say that …
So it’s up to everybody to decide whether … or not.
The arguments we have presented... suggest that.../ prove that.../ would indicate that...
From these arguments one must.../ could.../ might... conclude that...

Образец эссе с аргументацией «за» и «против»

ЗАДАНИЕ:

In western countries after secondary school, students very often do not continue immediately with their studies, but they take a one year break, called a ‘gap year’, when they travel or do voluntary work. Write an argumentative essay presenting arguments for and against the gap year.

Образец эссе:

Введение в тему

In today’s world of fierce competition, it is important for young people to get well-prepared for the challenges of the future. Thus the institution of gap year can be regarded as a step in the right direction though it is also not without its problems.

Аргументы «за»

In its favour, the gap year seems to be useful psychologically as it helps young people understand their needs and interest better before they actually commit themselves to any particular career path. Besides, the gap year has educational advantages because it offers a lot of opportunities to learn about the world and one’s own place in it. For all these reasons, the gap year can be regarded as a positive social institution.

Аргументы «против»

However, as critics are quick to point out, the gap year can in fact be harmful as it interrupts with the rhythm of learning and often makes it difficult for students to return to their studies. Apart from that, unfortunately not every young person can afford to travel around the world and many of them end up sitting around at home, which can be very demotivating.

Заключение

All in all, the gap year may arouse mixed feelings, but still thousands of people every year take a year off. One can only hope they will use it fruitfully, minimizing the dangers and taking full advantage of its benefits.

Словообразование (Word-Formation)

Очень часто в английском языке слова, относящиеся к одной части речи, образуют слова, относящиеся к другой части речи. Чаще его это происходит путем присоединения суффиксов: to work работать - a worker рабочий.

Возможен и другой способ, получивший название конверсия, - переход слова из одной части речи в другую без изменения формы: to work работать - a work работа. Конверсия очень характерна для английского языка: ей способствуют отсутствие развитой системы окончаний и большое количество односложных слов. Наиболее часто конверсии подвергаются глаголы и существительные: a hand рука - to hand вручить. Как правило, слова, имеющие одинаковое написание, и произносятся одинаково, но есть и исключения: в основном, различия заключаются в произношении звуков [s] и [z] или в переносе ударения: close [-s] близкий - to close [-z] закрывать, conduct [‘kOndAkt] поведение - to conduct [kOn’dAkt] вести. Обычно в существительных ударение падает на 1-й слог, у глаголов - на последний. Иногда с переносом ударения не только меняется часть речи, но и теряется видимая связь значений: to refuse [rI’fjHz] отказываться - refuse [‘refjHs] мусор. Конверсия затрагивает и оппозицию «существительное - прилагательное»: прилагательные часто субстантивируются, т. е. становятся существительными: brave смелый - the brave смельчак.  То же можно наблюдать и в русском языке: больной (прил.) человек - больной (сущ.) выписан из больницы.

Словосложение — это способ словообразования путем соединения двух (или более) слов в одно, которое пишется слитно, или через дефис, а иногда раздельно: to pin-point  уточнить, trailer-on-flat трейлер на платформе.

Сокращение — еще один способ образования новых слов: laser = light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation лазер (усиление света индуцированным испусканием излучения).

Путем использования префиксов: to do делать - to redo переделать.

Транскрипционные знаки английского языка

Английские фразовые глаголы с объяснением их значений (на английском языке) и примерами употребления

Фразовый глагол (Phrasal Verb) – представляет собой сочетание «простого» глагола (состоящего из одного слова) и предлога (реже двух) или наречия, представляющее единую семантическую и синтаксическую единицу.
Представляя собой идиому, фразовый глагол не может быть переведен дословно, хотя в редких случаях дословный перевод может помочь приблизительно понять суть выражения. Некоторые фразовые глаголы имеют несколько значений, одни из которых идиоматичны, другие, напротив, могут быть легко переведены дословным переводом составляющих. Практически всегда у фразового глагола имеется один или несколько синонимов среди обычных глаголов.
Стоит обратить внимание на то, что среди фразовых глаголов есть делимые (separable) и неделимые (inseparable) конструкции. Первые могут разделяться другим словом, обычно дополнением или обстоятельством (глагол + дополнение + предлог). Неделимые фразовые глаголы делить нельзя и любые дополнения, определения или другие слова должны идти либо перед, либо после них, как в случае с обычными глаголами.
Как и обычные, фразовые глаголы могут быть переходными (могут иметь прямое дополнение в винительном падеже без предлога) и непереходными (no object, не могут иметь прямое дополнение в винительном падеже без предлога).

Источник: http://www.learn-english-today.com 

“UCHOBA”

Many people enjoy visiting zoos and seeing the animals. Other people believe that animals should not be taken from their natural surroundings and put into zoos.

ESSAY: | +

27 ноя 2009, 17:56

Oбсуждение (4) 

Rusty 

Сообщения: 119

#2 

Media => TV vs Newspapers;

Both newspapers and television news programmes can be good sources of information about current events.

Essay № 2 | +

28 ноя 2009, 23:59

Oбсуждение (12) 

Rusty 

Сообщения: 119

#3 

Тема: Leisure/ Free Time; Books vs Films; Reading vs Watching TV/Movies

Some of my friends say there’s nothing better than reading a good book while others would rather watch its film version. What is your opinion? How would you prefer to get to know the characters and the plot of the book?

Essay № 3 | +

06 дек 2009, 13:22

Oбсуждение (3) 

Valentinka 

Сообщения: 20

#4 

Leisure/Free Time => Eating Out vs Cooking

Some people prefer to eat out. However many people still like to cook meals at home.

Essay: | +

22 янв 2010, 17:27

Oбсуждение (5) 

DialeR 

Сообщения: 611

#5 

Итак, по С2. Известно, что в этом году останется только один тип сочинения, а именно: "Ваше мнение". Так что... больше не обращаем внимание на сочинения типа "For and against" (очень жаль, конечно. Сам вот уже немало написал именно таких сочинений, а сочинения типа "Ваше мнение" и не писал еще). Так что приступаем к работе. Продолжаем выкладывать сочинения. Предлагаю такую тему:

Some people believe that animals without owners should have the right to live on the streets in cities. Others say that they could be dangerous and should be collected and found new homes, or even put down.
Do you think that stray animals should be allowed to live on the streets?

| +

28 янв 2010, 13:22

Oбсуждение (5) 

Dominique 

Сообщения: 10

#6 

Тема: Leisure/ Free Time; Books vs Films; Reading vs Watching TV/Movies

Some of my friends say there’s nothing better than reading a good book while others would rather watch its film version. What is your opinion? How would you prefer to get to know the characters and the plot of the book?

Essay: | +

04 фев 2010, 22:30

Oбсуждение (1) 

Dominique 

Сообщения: 10

#7 

Education & Work; Working Part-time

Some young people believe that while at school we should cocentrate on studying, others think that working part-time has many advantages.

Essay: | +

10 фев 2010, 18:13

Oбсуждение (1) 

Abcenthero 

Сообщения: 7

#8 

Тема: Sports =>Doing or Watching?

Some of my friends think it's important to do sports regularly while others would rather watch a sporting event on TV.

Essay: | +

11 фев 2010, 00:09

Oбсуждение (5) 

Dominique 

Сообщения: 10

#9 

Тема: Success vs Talent

Some people think that to be successful you need talent others believe that hard work can compensate for the lack of it.

Essay | +

12 фев 2010, 02:30

Oбсуждение (2) 

Abcenthero 

Сообщения: 7

#10 

Тема: Jobs/Work => Money

Last year many famous pop and sports stars earned millions of dollars each. Many other entertainment and sports personalities also have high incomes. On the other hand,most people in “ordinary” professions like nurses,doctors and teachers earn only a small fraction of the incomes of these “stars”.

Essay: | +

12 фев 2010, 12:07

Oбсуждение (3) 

anarch 

Сообщения: 136

#11 

Education & Work

Many young people go to university after leaving school. However, a number of school-leavers feel that university is not for them and choose not to go.

помогите плиз
можн аргументы подкинуть,хоть что- нибудь... пожалуйста...

14 фев 2010, 19:57

Oбсуждение (3) 

Dominique 

Сообщения: 10

#12 

Topic: Animals => Homeless Animals

Some people believe that animals without owners should have the right to live on the streets in cities. Others say that they could be dangerous and should be collected and found new homes, or even put down.

Some people believe that animals without owners should have the right to live on the streets in cities. Others say that they could be dangerous and should be collected and found new homes, or even put down.

ESSAY: | +

16 фев 2010, 16:26

Oбсуждение (2) 

Интересная статья? Сохраните и поделитесь ею с друзьями.

Irakliy 

Сообщения: 3

#1 

TV/ Health

According to a number of surveys people watch TV too much, which has a negative effect on their health.
Do you share this point of view?

ESSAY: | +

17 фев 2010, 18:36

Oбсуждение (1) 

Abcenthero 

Сообщения: 7

#2 

Teenagers # Free time;

Some people believe that children are given too much free time. They feel that this time should be used to do more school work. What is your opinion? How do you think children should spend their free time?

ESSAY: | +

20 фев 2010, 22:34

Oбсуждение (1) 

Dominique 

Сообщения: 10

#3 

Education => School => School Subjects => Languages => English vs Other Languages

Some people believe that English should be the only foreign language taught at our school. Others think that German, French and Spanish should continue

Essay: | +

21 фев 2010, 01:50

Oбсуждение (1) 

Camomile 

Сообщения: 5

#4 

Health =>Sports & Fitness

ESSAY: | +

23 фев 2010, 14:57

Oбсуждение (3) 

RedRussian 

Сообщения: 2

#5 

Тема: Leisure /Free Time; Books vs Films; Reading vs Watching TV/Movies

Some of my friends say there is nothing better than reading a good book while others would rather watch its film version.

Essay: | +

26 фев 2010, 17:36

Oбсуждение (1) 

Lyamurka 

Сообщения: 55

#6 

Computers # Teenagers

Some parents think that having a computer at home will help their children to get a better education, others are afraid that children will only play videogames.

ESSAY: | +

27 фев 2010, 00:03

Oбсуждение (1) 

roksi1012 

Сообщения: 5

#7 

Work => Part-time Working

Some young people believe that while at school we should concentrate on studying; others think that working part-time has many advantages.

ESSAY: | +

28 фев 2010, 13:18

Oбсуждение (6) 

anarch 

Сообщения: 136

#8 

Education

Some people think that pupils at school should learn practical skills that will help them in later life,such as cooking or car mechanics. Others argue that pupils are at school to learn traditional academic subjects and that those who want to can learn other skills in their own time

| +

01 мар 2010, 16:57

Oбсуждение (6) 

RealKid 

Сообщения: 1

#9 

Media => TV vs Newspapers;

Both newspapers and television news programmes can be good sources of information about current events.

Essay: | +

13 мар 2010, 20:03

Oбсуждение (1) 

evgeni@ 

Сообщения: 2

#10 

Comment on the following statement.
Some people prefer to travel abroad; others say that there is much to be seen in our own country.
What is your opinion?

... | +

14 мар 2010, 14:58

Oбсуждение (2) 

Starlet 

Сообщения: 1

#11 

Science & Technology

Some people say a variety of technical devices we use today do more harm than good. However, it is impossible to live without computers, mobile phones etc nowadays. What is your opinion? Which way of life do you find better - technologiсal or "natural"?

ESSAY: | +

21 мар 2010, 19:28

Oбсуждение (1) 

Варя 

Сообщения: 3

#12 

Teenagers # Free time;

Some people believe that children are given too much free time. They feel that this time should be used to do more school work. What is your opinion? How do you think children should spend their free time?

ESSAY(2): | +

24 мар 2010, 13:25

Oбсуждение (3) 

sauri 

Сообщения: 1

#13 

Some people think that pupils should be involved in decisions about their school and should have a say in how things are run. Other people think that pupils are too young to take part in such important decisions.

... | +

28 мар 2010, 13:19

Oбсуждение (1) 

Kate Sweet 

Сообщения: 5

#14 

Tourism, Travelling=> Travelling Abroad?

Many people prefer to travel abroad; others say that there is much to be seen in our own country.

Сообщения: 4

Many people believe that the mobile phone is very useful and necessary thing. Others that it is injurious to health and normal communication. Who is right?
I think that the mobile phone an indispensable thing in the modern world without him is very difficult to manage. Firstly, it allows you to quickly connect with anyone. Secondly, the mobile phone has long ceased to be just a phone; it allows you to get online. Thirdly it allows you to send quick messages to any user. Besides, almost all phones are equipped with a camera that allows you to capture video when there is no camera on hand. Finally an entire game console, with many kinds of entertainment, from games and ending movies.
On the other hand, it can harm the health and communication. First of all signals that sends the phone to be harmful to the human brain. Than to mobile phones suffer from eyesight and immunity. Also, scientists warn: Children, who use mobile phones, are at increased risk for disorders of memory and sleep. More than that mobile phone does not sleep because of signals sent to them, disrupting the normal alternation of sleep phases. In addition, some people believe that cell phone interferes with normal communication of people, because some people simply call in and talk than to meet a living.
In conclusion I would like to say that the modern world simply can not do without mobile phones and phone manufacturers are trying to make their phones as safe as possible.

Многие люди считают, что мобильный телефон очень полезная и нужная вещь. Другие что он вредит здоровью и нормальному общению. Кто прав?
Я считаю, что мобильный телефон незаменимая вещь в современном мире, без него очень трудно обойтись. Во-первых, он позволяет быстро связаться с кем угодно. Во-вторых, мобильный телефон, давно уже перестал быть просто телефоном, он позволяет выйти в интернет. Кроме того почти все телефоны оснащены камерой, что позволяет делать снимки и видео, когда под рукой нет фотоаппарата. Наконец это целая игровая приставка, с множеством всевозможных развлечений, начиная от игр и заканчивая просмотром фильмов.
С другой стороны он может навредить здоровью и общению. В первую очередь сигналы, которые посылает телефон, вредны человеческому мозгу. Кроме того от мобильного телефона страдают зрение и иммунитет. Также ученые предупреждают: дети, пользующиеся мобильными телефонами, подвергаются повышенному риску расстройства памяти и сна. Более того мобильный телефон не дает выспаться из-за посылаемых им сигналов, нарушая нормальное чередование фаз сна. Кроме того некоторые люди считают, что мобильный телефон мешает нормальному общению людей, потому что некоторым людям проще позвонить и поговорить, чем встретиться в живую.
В заключении хотел бы сказать, что современный мир просто не может обойтись без мобильных телефонов, а производители телефон стараются сделать свои телефоны как можно более безопасными.

Вернуться в начало

Раздел 1. Аудирование

B1. Вы услышите 6 высказываний. Установите соответствие между высказываниями каждого говорящего 1–6 и утверждениями, данными в списке A–G. Используйте каждое утверждение, обозначенное соответствующей буквой, только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее утверждение. Вы услышите запись дважды. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу.
Ознакомиться с текстом

A. Buying things makes the speaker really happy.
B. The speaker likes sweets.
C. The speaker spends large sums of money travelling over the Internet.
D. Having fun with friends is the speaker’s favourite pastime.
E. The speaker has an impressive collection of books.
F. The speaker dreams of going around the world.
G. The speaker loves wearing a lot of jewellery.

Вы услышите телефонный разговор. Определите, какие из приведенных утверждений А1–А7 соответствуют содержанию текста (1 – True), какие не соответствуют (2 – False) и о чем в тексте не сказано, то есть на основании текста нельзя дать ни положительного, ни отрицательного ответа (3 – Not stated). Обведите номер выбранного вами варианта ответа. Вы услышите запись дважды.
Ознакомиться с текстом

A1. The caller has learned about the Language Centre from the media.1) True   2) False   3) Not stated

A2. The centre offers a six-month course for students who want to go to college.1) True   2) False   3) Not stated

A3. The caller's friend is attending a US university.1) True   2) False   3) Not stated

A4. The new semester begins in two months.1) True   2) False   3) Not stated

A5. You don’t need to come to the centre to sign up for the course1) True   2) False   3) Not stated

A6. The centre expects convincing proof that you can afford the course.1) True   2) False   3) Not stated

A7. All official documents can be sent to the centre by fax.1) True   2) False   3) Not stated

Вы услышите интервью. В заданиях А8–А14 обведите цифру 1, 2 или 3, соответствующую выбранному вами варианту ответа. Вы услышите запись дважды.
Ознакомиться с текстом

A8. There is a growing tendency in Kenya to
1) look for new farm land.
2) explore new hunting areas.
3) preserve native animal habitats.

A9. According to Ben, people living around the forest area
1) try to domesticate some of the wild animals.
2) do their best to stop deforestation in the area.
3) could be in danger from wild animals.

A10. According to Ben, an excommunicated animal is
1) an animal doomed to extinction.
2) an aggressive and uncontrollable animal.
3) an animal that needs people’s help.

A11. Ben claims that people living around the forest area make extra money
1) catching and selling wild animals to the zoos.
2) travelling to other regions and doing odd jobs.
3) trading wooden products.

A12. The Green Belt Movement in Kenya aims at
1) effective exploitation of natural forests.
2) replacing destroyed forests.
3) moving people out from the forest area.

A13. The interviewer is curious to know if
1) the BBC has ever shown programs about wildlife protection in Kenya.
2) all the facts about safari in Kenya presented on BBC television are true.
3) people in Kenya have ever seen any BBC wildlife programs.

A14. Visitors to safari parks in Kenya are allowed to
1) choose their own routes.
2) feed wild animals.
3) drive their own cars.

Вернуться в начало

Раздел 2. Чтение

B2. Установите соответствие между заголовками 1–8 и текстами A–G. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.

A. A group of university students from Brazil have been given the job of discovering and locating all the waterfalls in their country. It is not easy because very often the maps are not detailed. The students have to remain in water for long periods of time. Every day they cover a distance of 35 to 40 kilometers through the jungle, each carrying 40 kilos of equipment.

B. For many years now, mail-order shopping has served the needs of a certain kind of customers. Everything they order from a catalogue is delivered to their door. Now, though, e-mail shopping on the Internet has opened up even more opportunities for this kind of shopping.

C. Another generation of computer fans has arrived. They are neither spotty schoolchildren nor intellectual professors, but pensioners who are learning computing with much enthusiasm. It is particularly interesting for people suffering from arthritis as computers offer a way of writing nice clear letters. Now pensioners have discovered the Internet and at the moment they make up the fastest growing membership.

D. Shopping centres are full of all kinds of stores. They are like small, selfcontained towns where you can find everything you want. In a large centre, shoppers can find everything they need without having to go anywhere else. They can leave their cars in the shopping centre car park and buy everything in a covered complex, protected from the heat, cold or rain.

E. Not many people know that, back in the fifties, computers were very big, and also very slow. They took up complete floors of a building, and were less powerful, and much slower than any of today’s compact portable computers. At first, the data they had to process and record was fed in on punched-out paper; later magnetic tape was used, but both systems were completely inconvenient.

F. Potholing is a dull name for a most interesting and adventurous sport. Deep underground, on the tracks of primitive men and strange animals who have adapted to life without light, finding unusual landscapes and underground lakes, the potholer lives an exciting adventure. You mustn’t forget, though, that it can be quite dangerous. Without the proper equipment you can fall, get injured or lost.

G. Substantial remains of an octagonal Roman bath house, probably reused as a Christian baptistry, have been uncovered during a student training excavation near Faversham in Kent. The central cold plunge pool was five metres across, and stood within a structure which also had underfloor heating and hot pools, probably originally under a domed roof.

B3. Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A–F частями предложений,обозначенными буквами 1–7.
Одна из частей в списке 1–7 лишняя. Занесите цифру, обозначающую соответствующую часть предложения,в таблицу.

Before the Hubble Space Telescope was launched, scientists thought they knew the universe. They were wrong.

The Hubble Space Telescope has changed many scientists’ view of the universe. The telescope is named after American astronomer Edwin Hubble, A _______________________.
He established that many galaxies exist and developed the first system for their classifications.

In many ways, Hubble is like any other telescope. It simply gathers light. It is roughly the size of a large school bus. What makes Hubble special is not what it is, B _______________________.

Hubble was launched in 1990 from the “Discovery” space shuttle and it is about 350 miles above our planet,
C _______________________.
It is far from the glare of city lights, it doesn’t have to look through the air, D _______________________.
And what a view it is! Hubble is so powerful it could spot a fly on the moon.

Yet in an average orbit, it uses the same amount of energy as 28 100-watt light bulbs. Hubble pictures require no film. The telescope takes digital images E _______________________.
Hubble has snapped photos of storms on Saturn and exploding stars. Hubble doesn’t just focus on our solar system. It also peers into our galaxy and beyond. Many Hubble photos show the stars that make up the Milky Way galaxy. A galaxy is a city of stars.

Hubble cannot take pictures of the sun or other very bright objects, because doing so could “fry” the telescope’s instruments, but it can detect infrared and ultra violet light F _______________________.

Some of the sights of our solar system that Hubble has glimpsed may even change the number of planets in it.

1. which is above Earth’s atmosphere.
2. which are transmitted to scientists on Earth.
3. which is invisible to the human eye.
4. who calculated the speed at which galaxies move.
5. so it has a clear view of space.
6. because many stars are in clouds of gas.
7. but where it is.

Прочитайте текст и выполните задания А15–А21. В каждом задании обведите цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному вами варианту ответа.                                                                                  The Slob’s Holiday

My husband and I went to Reno for our holiday last year. “Isn’t that place where people go to get a quickie divorce?” asked my second son? ‘Yes’, I said, trying to look enigmatic and interesting. ‘You are not getting divorced, are you?’ he asked bluntly. ‘No,’ I said, ’we are going to an outdoor pursuit trade fair. The children sighed with relief and slouched away, muttering things like ‘boring’. I call them children, but they are all grown up. My eldest son has started to develop fine lines around his eyes – fledgling crow’s feet. A terrible sight for any parent to see. Anyway, the piece isn’t about children. It’s about holidays.

The first thing to be said about holidays is that anybody who can afford one should be grateful. The second thing is that planning holidays can be hard work. In our household it starts with somebody muttering, ’I suppose we ought to think about a holiday.’ This remark is usually made in July and is received glumly, as if the person making it has said ‘I suppose we ought to think about the Bolivian balance of payment problems.’

Nothing much happens for a week and then the potential holiday-makers are rounded up and made to consult their diaries. Hospital appointments are taken into consideration, as are important things to do with work. But other highlights on the domestic calendar, such as the cat’s birthday, are swept aside and eventually two weeks are found. The next decision is the most painful: where?

We travel abroad to work quite a lot but we return tired and weary, so the holiday we are planning is a slob’s holiday: collapse on a sunbed, read a book until the sun goes down, stagger back to hotel room, shower, change into glad rags, eat well, wave good-bye to teenagers, have a last drink on hotel terrace, go to bed and then lie awake and wait for hotel waiters to bring the teenagers from the disco.

I never want to be guided around another monument, as long as I live. I do not want to be told how many bricks it took to build it. I have a short attention span for such details. I do not want to attend a ‘folk evening’ ever, ever again. The kind where men with their trousers tucked into their socks wave handkerchiefs in the direction of women wearing puff-sleeved blouses, long skirts and headscarves.

I also want to live dangerously and get brown. I want my doughy English skin change from white sliced to wheat germ. I like the simple pleasure of removing my watch strap and gazing at the patch of virgin skin beneath.

I don’t want to make new friends – on holidays or in general; I can’t manage the ones I have at home. I do not want to mix with the locals and I have no wish to go into their homes. I do not welcome tourists who come to Leicester into my home. Why should the poor locals in Holidayland be expected to? It’s bad enough that we monopolize their beaches, clog their pavements and spend an hour in a shop choosing a sunhat that costs the equivalent of 75 pence.

So, the slob’s holiday has several essential requirements: a hotel on a sunny beach, good food, a warm sea, nightlife for the teenagers, a big crowd to get lost in, and the absence of mosquitoes.

As I write, we are at the planning stage. We have looked through all the holiday brochures, but they are full of references to ‘hospitable locals’, ‘folk nights’, ‘deserted beaches’, and ‘interesting historical sights’. Not our cup of tea, or glass of sangria, at all.

A15. The parents’ choice of holiday destination made the narrator’s children feel
1) jealous.2) excited.3) alarmed.4) indifferent.

A16. The narrator’s words ‘A terrible sight for any parent to see’ refer to
1) the way children behave.2) the fact that children are aging.3) the way children change their image.4) the fact there is a generation gap.

A17. When the need for holiday planning is first announced in the narrator’ family, it
1) is regarded as an important political issue.
2) is met with enthusiasm by all the family.
3) seems like an impossible task.
4) is openly ignored.

A18. To find a two-week slot for a holiday potential holiday-makers have to
1) negotiate the optimum period for travel.
2) cancel prior business appointments.
3) re-schedule individual summer plans.
4) make a list of the things to be taken into account.

A19. The slob’s holiday is the type of holiday for people, who
1) do not want to go on holiday abroad.
2) go on holiday with teenagers.
3) do not like public life.
4) prefer peaceful relaxing holidays.

A20. When the narrator says ‘I also want to live dangerously’, she means
1) getting lost in the crowd.
2) going sightseeing without a guide.
3) choosing herself the parties to go to.
4) lying long hours in the sun on the beach.

A21. The main reason the narrator doesn’t want to mix up with locals is because she
1) doesn’t let tourists to her house at Leicester.
2) doesn’t want to add to their inconveniencies.
3) is afraid to make friends with local people.
4) values her own privacy above all.

Раздел 3. Грамматика и лексика

Прочитайте приведенные ниже тексты. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами B4–B10, так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текстов. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы B4–B10.

Прочитайте приведенный ниже текст. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами В11–В16, так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы В11–В16.

Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами А22–А28. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям A22–A28, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Обведите номер выбранного вами варианта ответа.

Tracy

Tracy was as excited as a child about her first trip abroad. Early in the morning, she stopped at a A22 ______ agency and reserved a suite on the Signal Deck of the Queen Elizabeth II. The next three days she spent buying clothes and luggage.

On the morning of the sailing, Tracy hired a limousine to drive her to the pier. When she A23 ______ at Pier 90, where the Queen Elizabeth II was docked, it was crowded with photographers and television reporters, and for a moment Tracy was panic stricken. Then she realized they were interviewing the two men posturing at the foot of the gangplank. The members of the crew were helping the passengers with their luggage. On deck, a steward looked at Tracy’s ticket and A24 ______ her to her stateroom. It was a lovely suite with a private terrace. It had been ridiculously expensive but Tracy A25 ______ it was worth it.

She unpacked and then wandered along the corridor. In almost every cabin there were farewell parties going on, with laughter and champagne and conversation. She felt a sudden ache of loneliness. There was no one to see her A26 ______, no one for her to care about, and no one who cared about her. She was sailing into a completely unknown future.Suddenly she felt the huge ship shudder as the tugs started to pull it out of the harbor, and she stood A27 ______ the passengers on the boat deck, watching the Statue of Liberty slide out of A28 ______, and then she went exploring.

A22. 1) journey   2) trip   3) travel   4) tourist

A23. 1) achieved   2) arrived   3) entered   4) reached

A24. 1) set   2) came   3) headed   4) directed

A25. 1) determined   2) resolved   3) decided   4) assured

A26. 1) in   2) off   3) of   4) after

A27. 1) among   2) along   3) between   4) besides

A28. 1) glance   2) stare   3) sight   4) look

Раздел 4. Письмо

Для ответов на задания С1 и С2 используйте бланк ответов № 2. При выполнении заданий С1 и С2 особое внимание обратите на то, что ваши ответы будут оцениваться только по записям, сделанным в бланке ответов № 2. Никакие записи черновика не будут учитываться экспертом. Обратите внимание также на необходимость соблюдения указанного объёма текста. Тексты недостаточного объёма, а также часть текста, превышающая требуемый объём – не оцениваются. Запишите сначала номер задания (С1, С2), а затем ответ на него. Если одной стороны бланка недостаточно, вы можете использовать его другую сторону.

C1. You have 20 minutes to do this task.
You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen-friend Tom who writes:

Write a letter to Tom.In your letter
− answer his questions
− ask 3 questions about his trip to Scotland

Write 100 – 140 words.
Remember the rules of letter writing.

C2. You have 40 minutes to do this task.
Comment on the following statement.

Some people think that life-long friendship exists only in books and films.
Others believe that it exists in real life.

What is your opinion?
Write 200–250 words.

Use the following plan:
− make an introduction (state the problem)
− express your personal opinion and give reasons for it
− give arguments for the other point of view and explain why you don’t agree with it
− draw a conclusion

Тексты для аудирования

Вы сейчас будете выполнять тест по аудированию. Во время его выполнения перед каждым заданием дана пауза, с тем чтобы вы смогли просмотреть вопросы к заданию, а также паузы после первичного и повторного предъявления аудиотекста для внесения ответов. По окончании выполнения всего раздела «Аудирование» перенесите свои ответы в бланк ответов.

Задание B1.

Вы услышите 6 высказываний. Установите соответствие между высказываниями каждого говорящего 1–6 и утверждениями, данными в списке A–G. Используйте каждое утверждение, обозначенное соответствующей буквой, только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее утверждение. Вы услышите запись дважды. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. У вас есть 20 секунд, чтобы ознакомиться с заданием.

Now we are ready to start.

Speaker 1
I love reading. I read detective and spy stories, novels, and romantic and fantasy stories. If I’m stuck on a train or waiting for something and don’t have anything to read, I feel terrible. So something that I spend a lot of money on would probably be books. I always buy a lot of books, magazines and reader’s digests. And I keep all of them at home – my mum says it’s horrible. Also lots of my money goes on audio books. I always share them with friends. Em… it’s kind of an exchange.

Speaker 2
Oh, you know, shiny things really attract me. Every time I have some extra money, I buy bracelets, rings, earrings or necklaces. I wear them everywhere and every day. If I’m shopping somewhere and there is something flashy shining at me, I usually stop and look and very often a salesperson can talk me into buying it. It’s crazy I know. I also love buying books but I don’t spend so much on them.

Speaker 3
Ah, I spend money mostly on um… going out, like going to restaurants or clubs, and things like that. I am a party person, I love hanging out with friends. I don’t actually buy a lot of things, like electronics, books or CDs. I just spend money on going out with my friends, on food and drinks for parties. I really love chatting, dancing and making jokes.

Speaker 4
Something I probably spend too much on is clothes. I guess because I am a girl, I think of shopping as a fun pastime and I find it relaxing. Actually I call it “shopping therapy” to go and buy some new clothes. I often go alone – I don’t need anyone to advise me. I’d say I love the process of choosing and buying things. It really makes me feel good.

Speaker 5
If I had the money I wanted, I would like to go and spend two weeks at every famous place on Earth. I love traveling in comfort. Nowadays it’s very expensive. I read travel magazines and surf the Internet for information about different tours, hotels and sights – and now I know how I want to travel. That’s what I’d spend my money on if I could.

Speaker 6
I usually don’t spend that much money on anything like jewellery or clothes. But then if there is one big expense, it is food. I like desserts, especially ice cream, so when I go out for dinner I definitely have a dessert afterwards. I can’t live without cakes, candies, chocolates and things like that. Who can?

You have 15 seconds to complete the task. (Pause 15 seconds.)
Now you will hear the texts again. (Repeat.)
This is the end of the task. You now have 15 seconds to check your answers.
(Pause 15 seconds.)

Задания А1–А7

Вы услышите разговор служащего и клиентки. Определите, какие из приведённых утверждений А1–А7 соответствуют содержанию текста (1 – True), какие не соответствуют (2 – False) и о чём в тексте не сказано, то есть на основании текста нельзя дать ни положительного, ни отрицательного ответа (3 – Not stated). Обведите номер выбранного вами ответа. Вы услышите запись дважды. У вас есть 20 секунд, чтобы ознакомиться с заданиями.

Now we are ready to start.

Receptionist: English Language Center. How may I help you?
Caller: Yes. I’ve heard about your centre from my classmate and I’m calling to find out more information about your program. What kind of courses do you offer?
Receptionist: Well, first of all, the purpose of our program is to provide language learning opportunities for students who would like to master basic language skills, let's say, for his or her job, or to study intensively to enter a US college or university.
Caller: Okay. I'm calling for a friend who is interested in attending a US university. Can my friend apply for the next semester?
Receptionist: Well, we start in March and always ask applicants to apply no later than two months before the semester begins.
Caller: Alright. What is the tuition fee for a full-time student?
Receptionist: It's two thousand and thirty dollars.
Caller: And how does one apply?
Receptionist: Well, we can send you an application and you can mail it back to us, or you can fill out the application form that's on our website.
Caller: And are there other materials I would need to send in addition to the application form?
Receptionist: Uh, yes. You would need to send in a sponsorship form indicating who will be responsible financially for the student while studying in our program, and a bank statement showing that you or your sponsor has enough money to cover tuition expenses and living costs.
Caller: And how can I send these materials to you?
Receptionist: You can either send the application packet by regular mail or you can fax it.
Caller: Alright. I think that's about it.
Receptionist: Okay great.
Caller: Oh and what is your name?
Receptionist: Ok. My name is Tony Nelson. You can just call and ask for me.
Caller: Great. Thank you for your help.
Receptionist: No problem and please don't hesitate to call again if you have any other questions.
Caller: Okay. Goodbye.

You have 15 seconds to complete the task. (Pause 15 seconds.)
Now you’ll hear the text again. (Repeat.)
This is the end of the task. You now have 15 seconds to check your answers.
(Pause 15 seconds.)

Задания А8–А14

Вы услышите интервью. В заданиях А8–А14 обведите цифру 1, 2 или 3, соответствующую выбранному вами варианту ответа. Вы услышите запись дважды. У вас есть 50 секунд, чтобы ознакомиться с заданиями.

Now we are ready to start.

Int: Today in the studio we are talking to Ben Zephani, an activist and member of the environmental group the Green Belt Movement in Kenya. Welcome Ben.
Ben: Thank you.
Int: Well, you know, people nowadays talk a lot about environmental issues. There is great concern about wildlife and the future of the National Parks in Kenya. What’s happening there?
Ben: One of the most serious environmental problems we are facing today is deforestation, which really affects both wildlife and people living around the forests. People need land for their own purposes, like growing crops and raising cattle. So they come, seize pieces of land, cut down trees and start cultivating the land. So many animals were, kind of, forced away. They had to leave their native habitats and find new hunting areas… That’s not really a nice thing.
Int: And what’s happening to the people who actually live around the forest area?
Ben: You know when you tend to interfere in a wild animal’s habitat you somehow create an imbalance between people and animals. And sometimes it’s not really a nice thing because animals tend to come close to where people live, which is really threatening.
Int: So, do they attack people?
Ben: Not that they really attack settlements but they do come in packs, groups, prides or herds constantly migrating from one place to another because of deforestation. So people are vulnerable at any time.
Int: You mean, if I lived there, I could be chased by an angry rhinoceros or an elephant?
Ben: No, actually they don’t chase people because most of the time they just pass by. But at times you come into contact with an unusual animal. You know animals live in packs, so when one animal is rejected from its pack, it’s an angry animal. It cannot join the other packs so it attacks anything and is extremely dangerous. It should not be disturbed. People can do nothing to help it. Anyone who dares to approach it is almost certainly doomed.
Int: Wow! Sounds horrible! I suppose no one would dare to try to catch these wild animals ... Well, but what actually causes deforestation?
Ben: People burn wood to produce charcoal and sell it, because, as you know, people there have very poor living conditions, and they try hard to earn an extra dime to support their families. Charcoal is in great demand for cooking and other odd jobs, so people don’t even have to travel anywhere to sell it. It’s a good job. But it’s so destructive.
Int: So what’s being done to try and remedy this, or to try and counterbalance the effect?
Ben: There are three or four large activist groups that are coming together to discuss how to reduce damage to the environment. You all know the Nobel Prize winner Wangari Maathai who is a leader of the Green Belt Movement in Kenya. She’s been trying to discourage people from destroying forests for a long time and to explain what deforestation does to the country and the environment in general and how it affects people in the forest areas. She teaches people to adjust to new conditions and environments. She moves with the times. Wangari supports National parks, conservation areas and safari parks in the country. She helps organize small businesses to learn to earn from ecotourism in the forest areas.
Int: Look, I’ve always wanted to go to Africa and I’m just wondering, if that whole safari business ... is really good; if everything you see on the BBC Wildlife channel, you know, documentaries, is true to life.
Ben: It’s not a cliché, but it’s something you have to experience when you get there on safari. The BBC has never lied to their viewers.
Int: Wow! So I could be just out there ... driving around in my car and on my own just seeing all those animals?
Ben: I am afraid they won’t let you drive in your own car. They provide services for you. We have in Kenya an institute called the KWS: the Kenya Wildlife Service and it has its own wardens that are highly trained to protect you when you’re in the forest. You just say where and when you want to go, what places and animals you would like to see. Tours are kind of regulated. For example, you will never be allowed to come close to feeding the animals.
Int: All right.

You have 15 seconds to complete the task. (Pause 15 seconds.)
Now you will hear the text again. (Repeat.)
This is the end of the task. You now have 15 seconds to check your answers.
(Pause 15 seconds.)

This is the end of the Listening test.

Ответы