MY STUDENTS' PROJECTS
проект по английскому языку

МУНИЦИПАЛЬНОЕ ОБЩЕОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОЕ БЮДЖЕТНОЕ УЧРЕЖДЕНИЕ СРЕДНЯЯ ОБЩЕОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНАЯ ШКОЛА С.ДМИТРИЕВКА МУНИЦИПАЛЬНОГО РАЙОНА УФИМСКИЙ РАЙОН

РЕСПУБЛИКИ БАШКОРТОСТАН

Исследовательская работа на тему:

«ПОМОЩЬ УЧИТЕЛЯМ И ОРГАНИЗАТОРАМ ЕГЭ:

ВЫЯВЛЕННЫЕ СПОСОБЫ СПИСЫВАНИЯ ВО ВРЕМЯ ЭКЗАМЕНА»

Выполнила: Меланченко Адель Сергеевна

учащаяся 11 класса

             МОБУ СОШ с. Дмитриевка

Руководитель: Нажипова Алина Данисовна

                                  учитель МОБУ СОШ с. Дмитриевка

 2016

Contents

Introduction……………………………………………………3

5 ways of English copying…………………………………….4

5 ways of Russian copying…………………………………….6

Research……………………………………………………….7

Conclusion……………………………………………………..8

References…………………………………………………….9

Appendix………………………………………………………10

Introduction

 The title of my course work is the help for the teachers and the headmasters of Russian State Exam: detecting ways of cheating during the exams.

          The arguments about the strengthen of controlling the RSE are dealing for a long time. There are a lot of requirements not only to the place where exams take place but also to the participants, the teachers and the people who organize this event.

The cheating is the biggest problem of the exams and lots of rules were invented and lots of equipments are used every time: such as CCTV, metal detectors, security guards with dogs and so on. That’s why every year students invent different ways of cheating. And we try to find out all these methods to give a hand to our teachers and the people who organize this difficult exam.

But by this research I don’t encourage students copying at school instead of learning, because without learning you won’t be successful. So everybody did it whatever their knowledge, age or nationality, I have got interested in this topic and decided to study it deeper. For my research I chose the ways how students in English-speaking countries do it and how it appears in Russia.

The object of this course work is the copying as the way of getting good marks during the exams.

The subject is changes of methods in different countries.

And I put the following tasks to gain this aim:

•        to consider who use it more often England or Russia;

•        to find out the changes between English and Russian ways of cheating during the exams

        The hypothesis of our work is: who is cheating more often: the students of  English-speaking countries or Russian students?

The ways of English copying

          So copying is the best way to pass test or exams when you are not ready because of your business, forgetfulness or laziness. And in my internet research I  found that in the UK and the USA students use more modern ways than in our country. They think that using paper sheets, writing on hands and wearing a full sleeve to cover it are too conventional and easy to be caught. So students invented a lots of  new ways of cheating. (appendix 1.2)

1. The scrip integrated in the pencil.

          This method is a little bit expensive, efficient but it has a big disadvantage – many information won’t fit in a pencil. Ok, so to do that you need to buy a big pencil. Do you know that type of pencils with 5 or more colors? Ok, buy one. You should stuck a thin small piece of paper and rolled it. When you want to copy, just pull that paper and it will roll out.

2. The modern copying method.

          Forget the old school! If you have a good smartphone with a good camera integrated in it, then you must try this method because it is very efficient. I think you know what you have to do. Just make some pictures of the papers you have to learn. While you are on a test, pretend that you are trying to see what time it is or you are using the calculator on your phone but actually you are cheating.

3. Recording method.

Another modern method is the one with the hands-free. To do that, you have to record your voice while reading the papers you need to learn, upload the file on your smartphone, and then listen to your voice when you have the test. Or if you have a good friend, you may ask him to call you and read you what you need.

4. The CD marker method.

Go early to the exam hall with a thin CD marker or a pen. Write down whatever you need around the place you sit.

5. Write on a calculator cover or geometry box.

The last but not the least, this method works only on math test. All you need for this is a calculator or a geometry box and a pencil. You can write on 3 sides including the cover. And when all answers are written in pencil, it can only be seen from a particular angle.    

The ways of Russian copying.

 In Russia cheating on is really popular and usual but the teachers do a lot to fight with this great problem.  When English student gets worry about this thing, trying to be as much hidden as it possible, Russian student is literally calm because it is a usual thing. We are on the other hand of the UK students: we use such an old-school and simple ways of cheating with the help of using almost only paper.

1. Cheat-sheet method. 

Our lovely and well-known paper crib. All you need to do is just to write answers on a little part of paper and hide it in your pocket.

2. Discuss the answers with classmates.

You should simply ask your friend when the examiner is distracted or out.

3. Invent signal answers.

Did you just pull your ear or sent a signal to your friend that an answer is A? Did he cough or said that you should choose B? It is the easiest and the most hidden way to cheat on.

4. Use your hands.

If you knew test answers earlier this method is for you. Write it on your hands, fingers or even nails. But you always have to be on alert.

5. Don’t forget your note.

If you are a good student and write every teacher`s word in your note. This is for you! You can take note and hide it under the table. And when teacher doesn’t look at you, you look in the note.

Research

            Also we have  made a special research. We have asked students in our school which way of cheating on they would use. (appendix 3)

10 percent decided to choose old-school cheat-sheet method.

15 percent said that inventing signal answers is really good idea.

25 percent always use their hands.

40 percent chose modern method with smartphones.

And the last 10 percent said that they don’t use any cribs with answers. 

Conclusion.

          So we have come to conclusion that everybody had copied at school regardless of is it a test or an examination.  But the UK is more modern than Russia in this aspect  and the UK students do not use cribs often like Russians do.

We really want to encourage our students to study by themselves. Any cribs and cheating life hacks will not help you to pass the Russian State Examination (RSE).

We believe that students should choose those subjects which they  like and pass only using their knowledge. Moreover we believe that our work will help the teachers and the headmasters of Russian State Exam to detect the ways of cheating during the exams.

References.

1. fipi.ru
2. www.wikihow.com
3. www.essays.expert.com
4. www.oddee.com

Appendix

Appendix 1

Appendix 2

WRITE ON A CALCULATOR COVER OR GEOMETRY BOX.

THE SCRIP INTEGRATED IN THE PENCIL

THE MODERN COPYING METHOD.

RECORDING METHOD.

USE YOUR HANDS

. 

CHEAT-SHEET METHOT.

THE MODERN COPYING METHOD.

DISCUSS THE ANSWERS WITH CLASSMATES.

Appendix 3

МУНИЦИПАЛЬНОЕ ОБЩЕОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОЕ БЮДЖЕТНОЕ УЧРЕЖДЕНИЕ СРЕДНЯЯ ОБЩЕОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНАЯ ШКОЛА

СЕЛА ДМИТРИЕВКА  МУНИЦИПАЛЬНОГО РАЙОНА

УФИМСКИЙ РАЙОН

РЕСПУБЛИКИ БАШКОРТОСТАН

Исследовательская работа на тему:

«ON THE OTHER HAND»

Выполнила: Краснова Надежда

учащаяся 10 класса

             МОБУ СОШ с. Дмитриевка

Руководитель: Нажипова Алина Данисовна

                                  учитель МОБУ СОШ с. Дмитриевка

 2019

Contents

Introduction……………………………………………..………………………… 3

Who are Left Handed People?……………………………………………………. 4

Are left-handed people smarter than right-handed people?..................................... 5

Is being a left-handed person gives more benefits than challenges?..................... 6

Research  ..………………………………………………………………………    9

Conclusion……………………………………………….………………..…….. 10

References………………………………………..…………………………….... 11

Appendix………………………………………….……………………………... 12

Introduction

The title of our course work is «On the other hand».

If you know an older left-handed person, chances are they had to learn to write or eat with their right hand. And in many parts of the world, it is still common practice to force children to use their “proper” hand. Even the world for rights also means correct or good not just in English, but many other languages too. But if being left-handed is so wrong, then why does it happen in the first place? Between being left handed or right handed caters to certain differences especially in the usage of the brain. Being Left Handed is using the left for various purposes such as writing. On the other hand, being Right-handed is when you are comfortable in using the right hand for writing and other activities. When paying attention to the world statistics, the number of left handed people is much lesser in comparison to right handed people. Through this work let us explore the differences between left handed and right handed people. 

The object of this course work is to find out who the lefties are.

The subject of this course work is to find out that left-handed people are smarter than right-handed people.

And we put the following tasks to gain this aim:

•        to consider why people use left or right hand;

•        to find out the difference between lefties and righties.

        The hypothesis of our work is: are being left-handed person gives more benefits than being right-handed?

Who are Left Handed People and who are Right Handed People?

Today about 1/10 of the world’s population are left-handed. Archeological evidence shows that it’s been that way for as long as 500,000 years. With about 15% of human remains showing their associated differences in arm length and bone density and some ancient tools and artifacts showing evidence of left-hand to use. And despite what many may think, handedness is not a choice. The causes of left-handedness may depend upon genetic factors, and sometimes, on environmental factors too. Physicians have attributed left-handedness to high levels of testosterone in the womb. It can be predicted even before birth based on the fetus’ position in the womb.  

So, if handedness is inborn, does that mean it is genetic? Well, yes and no. Identical twins, who have the same genes, can have different dominant hands. In fact, this happens as often as it does with any other siblings pair. But the chances of being right or left-handed are determined by the handedness of your parents is surprisingly consistent ratios. If your father was left-handed, but your mother was right-handed, you have a 17% chance of being born left-handed, while to righties will have a left-handed child only 10% of the time. Handedness seems to be determined by a roll of the dice, but the odds are set by your genes. All of this implies there is a reason that evolution has produced this small proportion of lefties and maintained it over the course of millennia. And while there have been several theories attempting to explain why handedness exists in the first place or why most people are right-handed, a recent mathematical model suggest that is their actual ratio reflects a balance between competitive and cooperative pressures on human evolution. 

According to researchers, the left-handedness is 1.5 times more in males than in females. Studies have revealed the fact that left-handed people constitute 15% of the population, whereas right handed people constitute 85% of the total population. It is also interesting to note that left handed people normally use their right side to perform all other important actions, including kicking a football and sighting through the lens of a camera. In the actions mentioned above they use their right foot and right eye respectively.

Exploring right-handers, we have to say that most people are right handed, and studies reveal that the majority of the people in the world are right handed. It is also believed that right handed people are more skilled than left handed people. This, however, may not be accurate all the time. The reality is that most products have been created for right handed people, making the lives of right handed people so much easier. Also, unlike left handed people, right handed people normally do not face the social stigma. This is because being right handed is considered as the common and normal thing. This conception is now changing. Even though, many claims that there are differences between Left handed people and right handed people, in terms of intelligence, life expectancy, skills and brain functioning most of these claims remain vague and difficult to generalize. Now let us summarize the difference in the following manner.

Are left-handed people smarter than right-handed people?

Dr. Oz, a professor and the cardiothoracic surgeon from Columbia University says, “Well, in a way, left-handed people are smarter because left-handed people can deal with more incoming information that doesn’t come in an organized way.” Dr. Oz says this is because of the way the brain develops when a baby is in its mother’s womb. “The left brain normally controls your right side, which is really powerful and it allows the other side, the right brain, to become an equal partner.”

Because left-handed people can use both sides of their brain more readily, Dr. Oz says, they can process information coming into their brain in different ways more easily. “That’s why athletes do so well when they’re left-handed. And there are a lot of presidents who have been left-handed, and there are a lot of folks who, because they can deal with a lot of complicated issues at once, work pretty effectively,” he says.

But Dr. Oz says although you may write with one hand, parts of the body on the other side  such as an eye can still be dominant. To determine which eye is dominant, Dr. Oz says to cut a pencil-sized hole in a piece of paper and hold it away from your face. Look through the hole at an object using only your right eye, then only your left. Dr. Oz says whichever eye you can still see the object through the hole with is your dominant eye.

Dr. Oz says many people are dominant with one eye and dominant with the opposite hand. “There are lots of different reasons which eye is dominant. If you were playing sports, it’s sort of helpful,” he says. “But folks actually use their different parts of their brain very differently, and it’s sort of cool to understand how it all comes up.”

A recent study suggests that lefties are better at complex math and creative problem solving than their right-handed counterparts. The link may be explained by the fact that left-handed people generally have a more developed right side of the brain.

Is being a left-handed person gives more benefits than challenges?

The benefits of being left-handed are clearest in activities involving an opponent, like combat or competitive sports. For example about 50% of top hitters in baseball have been left-handed. Why? Think of it as a surprise advantage. Because lefties are a minority to begin with, both right-handed and left-handed competitors will spend most of their time encontouring and practicing against righties. So when the two face each other, the left-hander will be better prepared against this right-handed opponent while the righty will be thrown off. When the world has been created primarily to suit the majority type of people, many might believe that lefties have to face a ton of problems. As true as that might be, there are a few benefits that only left-handed people are privy to.
1. A Pre-Ordained Creative Mindset

Biologically, the dominant hand reveals what side of the brain a person generally uses. And it is the opposite of the dominant hand. This makes lefties a prominently right-brained category of people, which are well-known for being creative and imaginative. This can be used to their advantage really well.

2. Ability to Multitask

Left-handed people have to learn a number of things in a different way quite early in life. This puts their brain in top-gear to be able to process numerous things quickly. The consequence of it is the ability of the brain to handle multiple things at once, making them a master of multitasking.

3. Enhanced Underwater Eyesight

As surprising as it might sound, left-handed people have an uncanny benefit of being able to see things clearly underwater. So for people who are usually closer to the shore or choose to pursue swimming as a sport, this can work pretty well to their advantage.

4. An Increased IQ Level

This, too, isn’t a generalized rule but based on statistics. On comparing the members of MENSA where everybody has a high IQ, nearly 20% of those members are left-handed. And since the percentage of left-handed children, in general, is low, your child has a higher chance of developing great IQ.

5. An Edge in Various Sports

Sports like cricket, basketball, tennis and many others have players that are predominantly right-handed. The presence of a left-handed opponent can throw their game off balance, and give your child an added advantage in it.

Challenges for Lefties

A left-handed child’s development process is not free from challenges. There are more of those than for other kids since these children have to adjust to a world not fully suitable to them.

• What seems absolutely normal to us can be an aberration for left-handed children as they struggle with everyday activities in our world. A simple day of doing the most basic stuff with our left hand can give you an understanding of how it feels.
• Doors are all hinged to suit right-handed people and so are their handles. This can result in your kid hitting their own feet with the door and hurting themselves repeatedly.
• Scissors might look like there are just two sections to hold it, but those, too, are made for right-handed people. The left-handed child might require a scissor made specifically for them that can let them see what they are cutting.
• Most tables in the school have drawers and compartments on the right, making it a problem for left-handed students.
• Notebooks, too, have a binding on the left side, which poses a unique issue for such kids.
• Left-handed children end up being knocked in their chest by the elbows of right-handed people when they sit next to them. However, they soon learn to sit on the left edge of a table and avoid problems.
• Default settings of a computer mouse are meant for right-handed people. This can be easily corrected by switching the keys in the control panel.
• A simple activity like tying your shoes or buttoning a shirt can be quite difficult when it is being taught by a right-handed person.

Research

            Also, we have made a special research. We have asked 804 students in our school. The survey was anonymous and it included the following questions:

1. Who are you: right-handed or left-handed?
2. How do you study at school? Are you an excellent/ good/not so good student?
3. What is your hobby?
4. Can you write both hands?
5. What benefits have left-handed people got?
6. What is the most difficult being a leftie?

38 students use their left hands as the dominant hand and it is 4,7 %  of the total (appendix3 ).

Furthermore, we have found out that all of them do their best at studying (appendix 4), extra-curricular activities and hobbies (appendix 5). However, no one can use both hands simultaneously in proper ways.

The benefits of being left-handed are clearest in competitive sport.

The most difficult things being lefties are all the tools (scissors, pens, the guitar etc.) are made for righties, people think that you do not know the etiquette rules in a café or a restaurant and our parents have to spend more money on extra tools (appendix 1).

The senior students say that they feel unique because they know that there are only about 15% of population in the world who are lefters (appendix 1).

Conclusion

In a purely cooperative world, there would be absolutely no left-handed people. Then again, we do not live in a purely cooperative world either, so a healthy number of left-handed people continue to elude the evolutionary filter and are born against the odds.

In our work we tried to learn as much as possible about the difference and uniqueness of the left-handed people and we found out that there are some benefits being lefty such as a pre-ordained creative mindset, ability to multitask, enhanced underwater eyesight, an increased IQ level, an edge in various sports.

Overall, handedness — is as much as it offers insight into an individual's cerebral and bodily abilities, tendencies and deficits — is just one of many elements in a complicated picture.

So, we have come to conclusion that if we consider the ratio of left-handed people to right-handed people, it gives us some fascinating insights into human history. The existence of a small but stable minority of left-handed people suggests an equilibrium that comes from both cooperative and competitive effects playing out simultaneously over time. The understanding of human interaction is, quite literally, in our hands!

References.

1. Chris McManus. April 14, 2012. Is It True That Left-Handed People Are Smarter Than Right-Handed People? Scientific American. Retrieved: 26 May 2013.
2. McManus, IC. “The history and geography of human handedness”. In: Language Lateralization and Psychosis, Iris E. C. Sommer and René S. Kahn. eds. Cambridge Univ. Press, 2009.
3. "Three Myths and Three Facts About Left-Handers". Psychology Today. Posted Mar 23, 2013 
4. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handedness

Appendix

Appendix 1

A FEW MORE FACTS ABOUT LEFT-HANDEDNESS:

• Studies have revealed the fact that left-handed people constitute 15% of the population, whereas right-handed people constitute 85% of the total population.
• Four out of five (80%) original Macintosh computer designers were left handed;
• Five out of the last seven (71%) US presidents were left handed (Barack Obama’s runner-up – senator John McCain – is also a lefty);
• One out of four (25%) Apollo astronauts – who were all selected e.g. by their high intelligence – was left handed;
• Mensa International  (the largest and oldest high-IQ society in the world) claims that 20% of their members are left handed;
• A 1988 study reported: 16.9% of 266 United States Chess Federation players being left-handed or ambidextrous (included in the sample were e.g. 138 male Chess Masters, 18.1% was left-handed or ambidextrous).
• Another difference between the two is that the right-handed people normally do not face the social stigma, whereas the left-handed people have to deal with society of being left-handed in nature.
• The advantage of being left-handed is that, according to research the left-handed tend to think more quickly than the right-handed people. They are equipped with higher aptitude and higher I.Q. than the right-handed people. However, it is often difficult to generalize these findings.
• Some of the foreign famous lefthanders are: U.S. Presidents Ronald Reagan, George H.W. Bush, Bill Clinton ex-president Barack Obama and Alexander the Great, Julius Caesar, Fidel Castro, Helen Keller, Michelangelo, Leonardo da Vinci, Charlie Chaplin, Marilyn Monroe.
• Russian famous lefthanders are: Vladimir Dal, Leo Tolstoi, Sergey Rakhmaninov, Harry Kasparov, Nikita Mikhalkov, Anton Kamolov, Sergey Eizenshtain, Tina Kandelaki, Kseniya Sobchak, Maya Plisetskaya and much more.

Appendix 2

Comparison Chart

Appendix 3

Appendix 4

Appendix 5

  The title of my course work is Accents.

  English is the most popular language in the world. There are plenty of countries where people speak English but all of them have their own variations. I have got interested in this topic and decided to study it deeper. For my research I chose British English and Australian English. The object of this course work is the accent as a type of personality. The subject is changes of different accents. And I put the following tasks to gain this aim:

• to consider what the accent is;
• to find out the changes between British English and Australian English

  So an accent is a way of pronouncing a language. It is therefore impossible to speak without it. Some people can think they do not have an accent but it is not true. Your accent results from how, where, and when you learned the language. We change our accents, often without noticing, as we have new life experiences.

  Great Britain and Australia are very different countries. I can say that UK is a contrast of Australia in this and that ways. I made an internet research and found some interesting information about this topic.

  First of all in Australia you can call everybody like mate (even their Prime Minister). And the quickest way to tell about an Australian accent is listen to their conversation like ... "G'day mate. How's it goin'?" or  "No worries'', even "Good on ya'', "I reckon'' and "She'll be right'' is typically Australian. The Australian accent is not that pleasant on the ears and has very little melodic or undulating rhythm. They take words and stretch them wide as they squeeze them out through their clenched teeth. The English accent on the other hand is melodic, has undulating rhythms and is pleasant on the ears as the famous movie "My Fair Lady" so beautifully demonstrates. And the English accent requires you to open your mouth and configure it differently for sounds like "oo" and "s". The Australian accent is not so demanding! And I want to show you other differences in pronouncing.

   Here you can see the table with 5 main rules of right accent.

  If you want I can show you the pronouncing of the real Aussies and Englishmen.

  You will hear the first paragraph of “Arthur the rat” text which will be pronounced by Australian and British men. Number one is Australian….

Number two is Englishman. So you can fell the absolutely difference between them.

Text: “  Once there was a young rat named Arthur, who could never make up his mind. Whenever his friends asked him if he would like to go out with them, he would only answer, "I don't know." He wouldn't say "yes" or "no" either. He would always shirk making a choice.”

  Also I made a special research. I asked students in my school which accent British or Australian is better to their ears, sounds prettier and which one they understand easier. 50 percent said that British is literally better than other one. 25 percent said that Australian is much prettier and easier. Other 25 percent didn’t see any difference between them.  

 So we have come to conclusion that the accent is a distinctive way of pronouncing a language, especially one associated with a particular country, area, or social class. And we found a lot of differences in conversation and pronouncing in British English and Australian English.

  If you have any questions you may ask.