Revision of VERB TENSES
материал по теме

TENSE

USAGE

KEYWORDS

FORM

NOTES

SIMPLE PRESENT

* habit

* opinion

* fact

Always – usually – often – frequently – normally – sometimes –  seldom -  occasionally – rarely – never –   all the time

Sub + verb (-es / -s)

Sub + doesn't/don't + verb

Does/Do + sub + verb?

* Put time expressions after regular verbs, but before the verb (be)

PRESENT CONTINOUS

* now

* around now

All (year), now, right now, at the moment, today, this week

( month, year), these days, currently, nowadays, presently, for the time being – this

Sub + is/are/am +      verb (ing)

Sub+ isn't/ aren't / am not + verb (ing)

Is/Are/Am + sub +     verb (ing)?

Nonaction verbs do not usually take   (-ing) .

P.13-14                 (memorize)

SIMPLE PAST

* action began and ended at a  specific time in the past                e.g. I walked to school yesterday.

Ago – last…… - yesterday – 1999 – at one time

Sub + simple past form of verb

Sub + didn't + simple form of verb

Did + sub + simple form of verb?

1st usage of

" when "

* action in the when clause happens first e.g. Amal stood under a tree when  it began to rain.

PAST  CONTINOUS

* one action began earlier and was in progress when the other action occurred      ( not related )               e.g. I was sleeping when the phone rang.

When - while

Sub + was / were +

verb (ing)

Sub + wasn't / weren't + verb ( ing )

Was / Were + sub +

verb  ( ing )?

2 usages of

 " when "

* two actions were in progress simultaneously (while) e.g. While I was cooking, she was studying.

* When something was happening for a long period of time in the past ( long verbs ) e.g. Last year, they were studying grammar.

PRESENT PERFECT

* something that happened or never happened before now at an unspecified time in the past e.g. Abeer hasn't seen the movie yet..

Already – ever – just – recently – still – yet – so far – up to now – throughout time – until now – once – twice – three times – never – lately – up to date – over the years – in recent years

Sub + has / have + past participle verb

Sub + hasn't / haven't + past participle verb

Has / Have + sub + past participle verb?

The verb after "since" must be simple past

* repetition of an activity before now e.g. We have had 4 exams.

* for ( duration of time )

* since ( particular time )

PAST PERFECT

* 2 actions that begin and end in the past; one action happens before the other action.

- 1st action : past perfect

- 2nd action : simple past

After the keywords : simple  past except after "after"

By the time I arrived, she had already left.

I slept after I had eaten dinner.

When / Until / Before

Sub + had + past participle verb

Sub + hadn't + past participle verb

Had + sub + past participle verb?

Prior to that time – by then – by that time – already – ever – never – still – by e.g. May 1st

SIMPLE FUTURE

* used to express future time

Tomorrow – next – from now on – in the future – soon – some day – in the years to come –

e.g. 2 hours from now - later

Sub + will/ be going to + simple form of verb

Sub + am not / isn't / aren't going to/ ( won't ) + simple form

Will+ sub + simple form?

Is/Are/Am + sub + going to + simple form of verb?

Verbs that are not used with the simple future tense. Use simple present instead.

( plan – wish – hope )

EXPRESSING THE FUTURE IN TIME CLAUSES

Keywords:    When / Before / After / As soon as / Until

e.g. As soon as they arrive, we will begin the lecture.

Simple present      simple future

Nonaction Verbs and the Continuous Tenses

Always Nonaction

Sometimes continuous depending on the meaning

appreciate           prefer

hate                      possess recognize             hear

know                    own remember            belong to

dislike                   seem

love                       sound

mean                     believe  understand          like

need                      want

Nonaction

Continuous

Appear:

Be:

Have:

Look:

See:

Taste:

Smell:

He appears sad. ( يبدو  )

He is smart. ( يكون )

He has a red car. ( يمتلك )

He looks sick. ( يبدو )

He sees his reflection. (يرى )

It tastes wonderful! ( طعمه )

The flower smells nice. ((رائحه

He is appearing on stage. (يظهر)

He is being silly. ( يتصرف )

He is having a shower. ( يحدث )

He is looking at the car. ( ينظر )

He is seeing a patient. ( يفحص )

I'm tasting the soup. ( أتذوق )

I'm smelling the rose. ( أشم )