Подготовка к ЕГЭ. Полезные клише и слова-связки для написания полноценного сочинения с элементами рассуждения.
материал для подготовки к егэ (гиа) по английскому языку (11 класс) на тему

Постановка

проблемы

- Have you ever wondered whether ….?

- The issue of ….  has been the subject of a heated debate lately.

- The world has often heard about .... At the same time there has been a dispute on whether…….

-It is popularly believed that….

-The problem / issue / question of… has always aroused heated / sharp disputes /debates / discussions / controversy

- There has always been a conflict between people who value … differently.

-Today….Generally, …In many places…. It is a well-known fact that ….There is no doubt that…There is a trend that…..it is obvious that …

Противоположные точки зрения

Some people claim that …. while others argue that …..

-Many people are in favour of idea that... However, many people are convinced that...

-Our modern world is unthinkable / unimaginable / inconceivable without… However, there are plenty of people who believe that it is not necessary / doubt the necessity / importance / use / benefit / good of…

- Some people treat ….. However, others consider it to be …

-It is often difficult to decide which position to take whenever there is a debate regarding a choice between… and…

Рекомендуемое окончание первого абзаца

-Now I would like to express my point of view on the problem of …

- Let us speculate what makes them think so.

- Let us speculate, however, what stands behind it.

Моё мнение

-I personally favour … for a number of reasons…

-I think / I believe / I consider that…

-I am in favour of

In my opinion

In my view

It seems to me that

I doubt whether …..

Фразы, перечисляющие точки зрения:

• Firstly, /First (of all), …./First and foremost,… / In the first place,  / To start with, / To begin with,
• Secondly, Thirdly, / Another point/ thing/ argument /(dis)advantage is …..
• Finally, (добавляет последний аргумент) /  Last but not least,

Фразы, добавляющие новые аргументы

• (both ideas are positive)
• It is also…./In addition to this/that …
• (two ideas which are negative in meaning)
• Moreover,
• (other ways of linking similar ideas together)
• As well as…. / Apart from this/that…./Apart from the fact that …/ As well as .. / Besides,

• Furthermore, / /What is more,
• Not only…., but…… as well.

… not to mention the fact that

Причины, объяснения

• - the reason why I like .. is that there is ….
• -What I like about ….
• because/ since/ as

- …. is one reason why ….

- My first/ second/ next reason is …

Приведение примеров

• -for example
• -to give an example
• - as an example
• - To illustrate,

-To show you what I mean,

- Take the milk which you buy these days. Is it really from a cow?

Предложить идею

• I think my parents should…
• It would be a good idea if ……

One way of learning new words is to ….

Противопостав-ление идей

The government promised …, but so far they have done little.

A lot of people find ……. however , for me...

However, …

• On the one hand,…./… , on the one hand,…

Although it was raining hard , ….

A lot of ………. , although 

The USA is a republic, whereas (тогда как)

In spite of /Despite the fact that ……,

In spite of /Despite………. , 

Расширение , углубление идеи.

It would be a good idea if all teenagers learnt to cook. Why? What would be a possible result of this?

In this way, they could help their parents.

If this happened, teenagers would be far less likely to have unhealthy diets.

Because of this, the standard of cooking would improve.

That would mean they were more independent at home.

As a result (of this), they would have a valuable skill and an interesting hobby.

By doing this, they could appreciate how difficult it is to prepare good-quality meals.

Выражение чужого мнения

-Some opponents of… might argue  that…

-Some people would argue that …

-On the other hand, there are ….. reasons for …..ing

-However, some people say/ believe that

-There is a different point of view that...

-There are people who may think that…

-It is said/ believed ……

An argument against this is that …

-A different opinion holds that …

Представление противоположной идеи

-in contrast

St. Petersburg has a lot of tourists. My city, in contrast has very few.

-on the contrary (to disagree with what smb else has said) My coach says I am lazy. On the contrary, I have never missed a training session.

Выражение своего несогласия

-I am against… / I don’t approve of… / I don’t support the idea of… /

• - Some people believe that… however they fail to understand that…

-However, this idea cannot go further than being an immature claim because / since… 

• -I disagree with this point of view (statement, opinion) because …

However,

In response to this argument, …..

-I am afraid I cannot agree with this  argument/point because …

-This argument/point is not valid (веский, обоснованный) because …

-This is a weak argument because …

- Nevertheless,

-On the other hand,

There is a different point of view which is that …

Restate your opinion and summarize the main points

To conclude,.. /To sum up,.. / To summarise, I agree that …

All in all… — В общем и целом ....

All things considered… — Учитывая все вышесказанное…

Taking everything into account… / Taking all this into account / consideration…— Учитывая всё это....

In conclusion, in my opinion …

To sum up, I do not share the opinion that