Linking words (таблица)
учебно-методический материал по английскому языку (8 класс) по теме

to state personal opinion

In my opinion,              In my view,

To my mind,                I think that,

(Personally) I believe that,

I feel (very) strongly that,

It seems to me that...

In my view/ I think that people should be encouraged to use public transport in the city.

to list points

Initially,         First(ly),          First of all,

In the first place,          To start with,

To begin with,        Next,              Then,

Thirdly,             Secondly,          At last,              In the end,       Eventually,           Lastly,    Finally,           Last but not least...

Finally, everyone knows that smoking is extremely bad for one's health.

to list advantages and disadvantages

Positive:      The first advantage of...

One (other) advantage of,

Another advantage of,

The main (great) advantage of,

Negative:    The first disadvantage of...

One (other) disadvantage of,

Another disadvantage of,

The main (great) disadvantage of...

The first/ greatest advantage of having your own business is that you do not have to take orders.

The first/ the main disadvantage of having your own business is that you have to work long hours.

to show sequence

Beginning:    Initially,           First(ly),

At first,         To begin with,  

First of all...

Continuing: Second(ly),      Afterwards,

After this/that,       Then,         Next,        Later on,...

Concluding:    Finally,         Lastly,           Last but not least...

To start with/ First of all, get everyone out of the building.

After that/ Next, call the fire brigade.

Finally/ Last but not least keep a safe distance from the fire.

to add more points on the same topic

Positive:          And,           Both … and,  

Not only … but,        Further,         Also,       Too,        As well as,          Furthermore, Moreover,            Besides (this),

Not to mention the fact that,

In addition (to this)...

Negative:       Neither … nor,          Nor, Neither,          Either...

I like both pop and rock music.

We won a holiday for four, in addition to the prize money.

What's  more/ Besides this, dogs are very useful in police work.

Neither Kevin nor Kelly knows how to drive.

to show cause

Because (of),         Due to (the fact that), Since,       As,      Seeing that,          For,    So,          For this reason,      Therefore, Now that...

She decided to order a salad now that she has started her diet.

The BBC decided not to show the programme because/due to the fact that/since/as it would upset too many people.

The programme would upset too many people; for this reason/ therefore the BBC decided not to show it.  

to show effect/result/ consequences

Therefore,       So,            Consequently,

As a consequence,            As a result,    For this reason...

She won a scholarship, therefore/as a result/ for this reason, she was able to continue her studies.

to show purpose

So that,       So as (not) to,          In case,

In order (not) to,               In order that...

Make a note of your appointment in your diary in case you forget about it.

He decided to learn Russian so as to/ in order to read Tolstoy.

to show comparison

As … as,           Than,        Half as … as,  Nothing like,      Twice as … as,

Less ...  than...

Her second novel  is nothing like the first.

to show exception

But (for),            Except (for),

Apart from...

We had a lovely holiday, apart from that one day when it rained.

to show place

Where,               Wherever...

Park your car wherever you want to.

to show time

When,            Whenever,            Before,    Since,            As soon as,           As,   While,            Till,               Until (then),   After,            Now (that)...

I like to visit the Cathedral whenever I'm in Durham.

We never see each other now that they've moved to another neighbourhood.

to show reference

Considering,              Concerning, Regarding,                                          In respect/ regard/ reference to this/ to the fact that,

With respect/ regard/ reference to...

Considering all the evidence, we find the accused not guilty.

I am wring with (in) reference to your report on whales.

to give examples

For instance,          For example,                   Like,            Such as,         Particularly,            In particular,         As,          Especially...

All the performers were good, but Pavorotti in particular, was magnificent.

By taking regular exercise such as/ like jogging or swimming you feel younger and live longer.

to show contrast

(And) yet,             However,           But, Nevertheless,                   Nonetheless,    

Not … but,                On the other hand,          

Even though/ if,                Alternatively,      

Despite (the fact that),             Although,  

In spite of the fact that,                While,  

At the same time,                    Whereas,          In contrast...

Riding a bicycle may be not as comfortable as driving a car; however, it's much more environmentally friendly.

Seatbelts are known to save lives; yet/ however/ but many people refuse to wear them.

Even though/ Despite the fact that seatbelts are known to save lives, many people refuse to wear them.

Relatives

Who,        Whom,         That,       Whose,            Which,        Where....

That's the woman who lives next door to me.

There's the man whose house was burnt down.

to show similarity

Similarly,          Likewise,          Equally,    

In the same way....

A glass of milk before you go to bed may help you sleep. Similarly, a hot bath could do the trick.

to show concession

But,               Even so,            However, Whereas,         In spite of,        Although, Even though,      While,          Despite of,

Nevertheless,          Regardless of.....

He carried on playing until the end of the game, although/even though his toe was broken.

to show emphasis

Besides,             Not only this/that, but...      

What's more,                      In fact,               To tell you the truth,              Actually...

I'm afraid you are not qualified enough for this job and, what's more, you are far too young.

to show condition

to show sequence of condition

If,          In case (of),      Assuming (that),    

On condition (that),                   Unless,

Provided/ providing (that),          Only if,

In the event (that/of),        As/so long as, Whether … or (alternative condition),

Even if,        Otherwise...

Consequently,            Then,           Thus, If (not) so,                  In that case,

Under the (those) circumstances,  

Therefore,                  Otherwise....              

The travel will contact you in the event that/ in case your flight changes.

You may be caught by the enemy. If so, tell them nothing.

to introduce a conclusion

Finally,             Lastly,             All in all, In  short,           Briefly,         To sum up,

To put it briefly,                On the whole,

Taking everything into account,  

All things considered, In conclusion,  

To summarize...  

To sum up, the government must spend money on public services.