Конспект урока по лингвострановедению "Защита окружающей среды в Великобритании"
план-конспект урока по английскому языку на тему

                            Конспект урока по лингвострановедению

Тема: Environmental protection in Great Britain.

          Защита окружающей среды в Великобритании.

Курс : IV специальность 050303 «Иностранный язык»

Цель: знакомство с основными проблемами Великобритании в области экологии, работой государственных и добровольных организаций по охране природы.

Задачи:

1)Общеобразовательные: совершенствование  лексических навыков учащихся,  их дальнейшее использование  в коммуникативных целях;  развитие умения  аудирования, говорения (монологическая речь), письма, чтения с целью общего понимания содержания текста.

2) Развивающие: развитие учебно-интеллектуальных умений и навыков   (анализ, синтез, сравнение, умозаключение).

 3) Воспитательные: осознание необходимости сохранения природы для будущих поколений.

Тип урока: урок обобщения и применения полученных знаний по теме.

Речевой материал: см. Вокабуляр 3,Лекция 3 (приложение 3).

Оборудование:     карта-схема Соединенного Королевства, вокабуляр лекции 3, раздаточный материал (лексические упражнения (приложение 1), текст «Marine litter» (приложение 2), аудиозапись, магнитофон.

Литература:  

  1) Голицынский Ю.Б. Великобритания. – СПб., 2003.

  2) Левашова В.А. Современная Британия: Пособие по страноведению. – М.,    2007.

  3) Михайлов Н.Н. Лингвострановедение Англии: Учеб.пособие для студ. филол.фак. и фак. ин. яз. высш. учеб. заведений. – М., 2003.

 4) Тимановская Н.А. Взгляд на Британию. – Тула, 1998.  

                                          Структура урока

                                             Ход урока

I.Начало урока.

     1) Организационный момент. Приветствие.

      T: Good morning, students.

      S: Good morning.

      T: Sit down, please. I’m glad to see you. I hope nobody is absent today.

2) Объяснение цели урока.

Т: There are a lot of acute problems in our present day world. But environmental protection is of universal concern, as far as the Earth is the home of all living beings irrespective of their nationality, culture and way of life. We’ve already studied geographical position of the UK, its climate and wildlife. So today I suggest our talking about environmental protection in Great Britain.

3) речевая зарядка.

T: Look at the blackboard, please. The epigraph for our lesson may serve the words of an American environmentalist John Sawhill:

“A society is not defined by what it creates ,but by what it refuses to destroy”. Translate it, please. How do you understand this idea?

• Great Britain pays much attention to the protection of nature, doesn’t it?
• How is wildlife protected in the UK?
• Where are the largest national parks situated?

           Students answer.(the Lake District, Snowdonia, Northumberland, the Peak District)

II. Основная часть.

1. Фонетическая зарядка.

T: Read the following words in transcription, mind your sounds!

       Density         extinction    waste       pollution      mammal          humid

           Survive              ecology         environment          conservation

     Students read the words one by one and in a choir.

2. Активизация лексического минимума.

Ex. 1. Match these words and their definitions. (see Appendix 1)

Key: 1.d     2.g      3.f         4.e        5.b        6.i     7.h       8.c        9.a     10.j

Ex.2. Fill in the necessary words (use ex.1)

Key: 1.mammals, extinction.                  5. wastes.

         2.conservaton.                                6.ecology.

         3.density.                                        7.environment.

         4.survive,  pollution.                       8. humid.

    3) развитие речевых умений (говорение). Проверка домашнего задания.

T: Environmental protection is the major problem that the British society has tried to resolve since the 19th century. Different voluntary organizations have been set up. Let’s listen to their representatives. Be ready to make a kind of conclusion after every speech.

Students make short reports as if they were members of such organizations as:

• Worldwide Fund for Nature
• The Royal Society for the Protection of Birds
• The National Trust

 T: Of course, British government pays attention to nature conservation as well. There is a number of government bodies and agencies whose duty is to control and regulate all aspects of environment use and protection. Let’s listen to their representatives.

Students report on

• The Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions (DETR)
• The Forestry Commission
• The National River Authorities

T: Well, thanks to all the speakers. You were rather informative.

4)обсуждение представленной учащимися информации, формулировка выводов.

5) развитие навыков письменной речи (письменная фиксация тезисов будущего эссе)

6)  музыкальная пауза.  Т: I think you need a minute to relax.

7) работа с текстом (ознакомительное чтение)

Дотекстовый этап.  

a)T: Listen to the sounds. Imagine the scene and answer the questions:

• Where are you?
• What are you doing?
• What’s the weather like?
• Do you like it?

b) T: How could the following be related to the scene you imagined?

    Word combinations are given on the blackboard:

• broken glass                             drink cans
• plastic bags                               food wrappers
• beach balls                                plastic buckets and spades

Текстовый этап.

T: Read the text and check your supposition. Be ready to answer the questions.

Послетекстовый этап.

а) Answer the questions:

1) What is marine litter?

2) How does marine litter harm wildlife?

3) How can litter harm people?

b) T: The text isn’t finished. What kind of conclusion or advice could you give people that spend their free time at the seaside? (take all of your litter with you and consider taking any other litter you can see around you, too.)

III. Заключительная часть.

1. Подведение итогов. Рефлексия.

T: Today we’ve discussed a very important problem of nature conservation.

What information  do you find most interesting/ unusual/necessary to remember?

What conclusions have we come to?

Students sum up the conclusions made during the lesson.

Can we use them in our town/region?

2. Постановка домашнего задания.

T:Your home task will be to write an essay about nature conservation in your town.

3. Выставление оценок.

T:Thank you for your work at the lesson. Your marks are…..

Возможна музыкальная пауза-релаксация.

                                                                                                            Приложение 1

Ex. 1. Match the words and their definitions.

1. Density                 a) all the surrounding of an organism, including other

                                       living things, climate, air, water, soil.

2. Extinction             b) any of the class of animals which feed their young with milk.
3. Waste                    c) study of organisms and environment.
4. Pollution               d) the quality of being crowded together in great numbers.
5. A mammal            e) making dirty, destroying the purity.
6. Humid                   f) refuse, material no longer of use, products unwanted after

                                       a manufacturing process.

7. To survive             g) no longer in existence, having died out.
8. Ecology                 h) continue to live or exist, remain alive
9. Environment          i) damp, wet
10.  Conservation         j) the wise use of the environment.

Ex. 2.Fill in  the necessary words (use Ex.1):

1. Many large _______ have been hunted to ________.
2. Voluntary ________ movement in Britain has been traditionally strong.
3. The _______ of population is higher in large urban areas.
4. Seabirds can hardly _______ after enormous water ________ .
5. The North Sea is polluted with industrial and communal _______ .
6. Lessons of _______ should be held regularly.
7. Government bodies and agencies control and regulate all aspects of ______ use and protection.
8. __________ climate may cause some serious diseases.

                                                                                                                                Приложение 2

                                                       Marine litter

      We all enjoy a day out at the beach, but thousands of people that visit beaches every year leave behind food wrappers, drink cans and toys like buckets, spades and beach balls. These can then be blown or washed into the sea and become marine litter. Marine litter can also come from ships, fishermen and factories. This litter doesn’t just look horrible – it’s dangerous, too!

      Marine mammals such as seals, sea lions and dolphins are very curious animals who like to examine unusual objects in the sea. This is how they get mixed up in the litter, which causes them injury and stops them from finding food or swimming away from their enemies. Birds, fish and mammals can also confuse litter for food and eat it. 100,000 marine mammals and nearly a million of seabirds die either from getting caught in or eating litter each year! In addition, litter is dangerous for people as they can cut themselves on glass or metal.

       So…next time you go to the beach…..

   Injury – damage like wounds or cuts

   To confuse – to mix

      Answer the questions:

1. What is marine litter?
2. How does marine litter harm wildlife?
3. How can litter harm people?

                                                                                   Приложение 3

Лекция 3. Защита окружающей среды в Великобритании. 

Цели:

Познавательный аспект: знакомство с основными заповедниками, национальными и региональными парками Великобритании, государственными и добровольными организациями по охране природы.

Развивающий аспект: развитие способности к сравнению, формулированию выводов из прочитанного и услышанного.

Воспитательный аспект: осознание необходимости сохранения естественных природных ландшафтов для будущих поколений.

Учебный аспект: формирование лексико-грамматических навыков чтения и письма.

Сопутствующая задача: развитие умения воспринимать на слух информацию в деталях и фиксировать на письме основные данные.

Речевой материал: см. Вокабуляр 3.

                  ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION IN BRITAIN

  Britain is a small, very densely populated country, with great numbers of people concentrated in large urban areas. Thus, environmental protection is a major problem that both the British government and the people have faced and tried to resolve since the 19th century.

   As one of the first measures to protect the natural environment there was setting up national parks and ‘areas of outstanding beauty’. 10 National Parks have been established in England and Wales. The largest of national parks are the Lake District, Snowdonia, Northumberland and the Peak District. Their aims are to conserve and enhance the natural beauty, wildlife and cultural heritage they contain.

    41 areas of outstanding natural beauty (AONBs) have been designated in England and Wales, 9 AONBs in Northern Ireland. In Scotland, there are 4 regional parks and 40 National Scenic Areas.

   As is well known, Britain is also the world’s first industrialized country and its cities were the first to suffer the ‘smog’. The situation in London reached its worst point in 1952. At the end of that year a particularly bad smog, which lasted for several days, caused between 4,000 and 8,000 deaths.

  Water pollution is also a problem. In the 19th century there was an awful smell of the River Thames. In the middle of the century, the first thing that happened to people who fell into the Thames was that they were rushed to hospital and had their stomachs pumped out!

  Then during the1960s and 1970s, laws were passed which forbade the heating homes with open coal fires in city areas and which stopped much of the pollution from factories.

   A measure against environmental degradation was creating Green Belts – areas to be left open and protected from inappropriate building development so that people can seek recreation there. Green Belts have been established around major cities and conurbations including London, Aberdeen, Edinburgh, Glasgow, Greater Manchester and the West Midlands.

     The creation of National Parks, Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty and Royal Parks was a good measure for its time. The second half of the 20th century saw new pressures on the natural environment.

The massive migration into the countryside has changed the nature of village life. Many villages today have a substantial proportion of commuters (people whose home is the village but who earn their living in towns.

    Intensive large-sсale farming has changed the traditional landscape in many parts of  England. Bigger farms needed bigger fields. So many farmers have torn up thousands of the hedgerows that were typical of English landscape.

   In addition, the intensive use of mineral fertilizers has led to substantial pollution of rivers and the destruction of fish and wildlife.

   There are a number of government bodies and agencies whose duty is to control and regulate all aspects of environment use and protection, including control over waste, litter, noise, air pollution and water pollution. The Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions (DETR) is the top official body responsible for countryside policy and environmental protection in England. There are corresponding departments in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.

    The Department for Culture, Media and Sport is charged with protecting and conserving England’s architectural and archeological heritage.

    There are 17 forest parks in GB, covering nearly 3,000 sq km, which are administered by the Forestry Commission.

    Her Majesty’s Inspectorate of Pollution helps to control emissions to land, air and water from harmful industrial processes. The National Rivers Authority is responsible for the control of water pollution in England and Wales.

     Voluntary conservation movement in Britain has been traditionally strong. A wide range of voluntary organizations and pressure groups are actively involved in environmental protection. (the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, the National Trust, the Wildlife Trust, Worldwide Fund for Nature, Friends of the Earth).    

                                                Vocabulary 3.

1. densely populated                                      густо населенный
2. urban                                                          городской
3. to resolve (a problem)                                решать (проблему)
4. to establish                                                  создавать, учреждать
5. to conserve                                                  сохранять, хранить
6. to enhance                                                   увеличивать, усиливать
7. cultural heritage                                          культурное наследие
8. area of outstanding beauty (AONB)        территория уникальной красоты
9. National Scenic Area                                  национальный заповедник
10.  Suffer                                                         страдать
11.  forbid (forbade, forbidden)                        запрещать
12.  degradation                                                вырождение, ухудшение
13. Green Belt                                                  зеленый пояс
14. Conurbation      городская агломерация, большой город с пригородами
15. Pressure                                                      воздействие
16. Commuter                                                   житель пригорода
17. Earn one’s living                                         зарабатывать на жизнь
18. Large-scale farming                                    крупное земледелие
19. Hedgerow                                                    живая изгородь
20. Mineral fertilizer                                         минеральное удобрение
21. Destruction                                                  гибель, уничтожение
22. Designate                                                     устанавливать
23. Government body                                        правительственный орган
24. Be responsible for                                        ответственный за
25. Charge with                                                  вменять в обязанность
26. Emission                                                       выброс

27.Voluntary conservation movement                  добровольное движение по

                                                                                охране природы

                     The list of government bodies and voluntary organizations

1. The Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions (DETR)
2. The Department of Culture, Media and Sport
3. English Nature
4. The Countryside Council for Wales (CCW)
5. Scottish Natural Heritage
6. The Forestry Commission
7. Her Majesty’s Inspectorate of Pollution
8. The Royal Society for the Protection of Birds
9. The National Trust
10. The Wildlife Trust
11. Worldwide Fund for Nature
12. Friends of the Earth
13. Greenpeacе